335:, which are essentially fully occupied and armed by IgE. If an ordinary anti-IgE antibody, which does not possess the unique set of binding specificity of CGP51901 or TNX-901, were injected into a human subject, it would probably invariably induce an extensive scale of mast cell and basophil activation and hence the development of anaphylactic shocks. TNX-901 can intervene with the IgE-mediated allergic pathway at the top of the pathway, and hence prevent the down-stream release of pharmacological mediators from activated basophils and mast cells. It was also discovered in the early clinical trials that the depletion of IgE in the blood gradually cause the down-regulation of the high-affinity IgE receptors on basophils, mast cells, and
295:) developed by Genentech for further development, on the basis that it had a better developed manufacturing process than TNX-901. Tanox took a position that because the original clause concerning its right to develop a left-over candidate was not explicitly removed in the tripartite agreement, it should still have a right to do so with the recognition that its corporate partners, Novartis and Genentech, would still command right of first refusal on the product Tanox developed. Based on this position, Tanox proceeded with a phase II clinical trial of TNX-901 on
364:, UK in 1991–1992, and a Phase II trial on patients with severe sensitivity to mountain cedar pollens was performed in three medical centers in Texas in 1994–1995. Based on the safety and efficacy data of these two trials, a “switch-over” study was performed on TNX-901 and subsequently a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, and multi-center trial of TNX-901 was designed and performed on patients with extreme sensitivity to peanuts.
908:
306:. The arbitration panel eventually ruled the case in favor of the giant partners, Genentech and Novartis, in 2002. The managers of Tanox agonized over the decision, in the midst of very positive results from the phase II studies of TNX-901 on peanut allergy. The media hailed the success of the trials, but expressed outcry over the fate of the TNX-901 program on peanut allergy.
384:). Omalizumab is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, which was placed in a development program under a tripartite partnership formed by Tanox, Novartis, and Genentech in 1996. Xolair was originally approved solely to treat severe persistent allergic forms of asthma and nasal polyps, but in February 2024, the FDA approved it also to treat severe food allergy.
322:
TNX-901 is a humanized anti-IgE antibody with a unique set of binding specificity to human IgE. The therapeutic anti-IgE antibodies, like TNX-901, were designed to neutralize free IgE in the blood and in interstitial space and to target IgE-expressing B lymphocytes via their surface B cell receptors,
274:
in 1990 to co-develop the anti-IgE antibody program, the two companies agreed to select a top candidate for manufacturing process development and clinical trials. The agreement stipulated that Tanox could develop any “left-over” antibody candidate, but when and if Tanox sought a corporate partner to
367:
The clinical trial results indicate that with the administration of TNX-901, patients, who could tolerate an average of half a peanut before the treatment, were able to ingest up to 9 peanuts before they started to have allergic reactions. Therefore, TNX-901 cannot cure peanut allergy, but could
837:
Racine-Poon A, Botta L, Chang TW, Davis FM, Gygax D, Liou RS, Rohane P, Staehelin T, van Steijn AM, Frank W (December 1997). "Efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of CGP 51901, an anti-immunoglobulin E chimeric monoclonal antibody, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis".
347:
The chimeric form of TNX-901, was made prior to TNX-901 by Tanox in 1988-1989 and later referred to as CGP51901 (CGP is an acronym for “Ciba-Geigy
Product”) after Tanox established a partnership with Ciba-Geigy in 1990. CGP51901 was the first anti-IgE antibody to receive an
368:
protect patients from the often violent and life-threatening reactions upon the accidental exposure to peanut. Note that this clinical study was not done on patients who were known to develop deadly anaphylactic reactions to minute traces of peanut.
623:
Sampson HA, Leung DY, Burks AW, Lack G, Bahna SL, Jones SM, Wong DA (March 2011). "A phase II, randomized, double blind, parallel group, placebo controlled oral food challenge trial of Xolair (omalizumab) in peanut allergy".
893:
286:
When
Genentech joined in the anti-IgE program in 1996, the original 2-way Tanox-Ciba Geigy agreement was expanded to a tripartite agreement. A joint steering committee formed by members from the three companies chose
787:
Corne J, Djukanovic R, Thomas L, Warner J, Botta L, Grandordy B, Gygax D, Heusser C, Patalano F, Richardson W, Kilchherr E, Staehelin T, Davis F, Gordon W, Sun L, Liou R, Wang G, Chang TW, Holgate S (March 1997).
309:
Ten years have passed, since Tanox was forced to put its TNX-901 program on the shelf. In the meantime, a phase II clinical trial of omalizumab on peanut allergy failed to finish, as a couple of patients suffered
659:
Chang TW, Davis FM, Sun NC, Sun CR, MacGlashan DW Jr, Hamilton RG (February 1990). "Monoclonal antibodies specific for human IgE-producing B cells: a potential therapeutic for IgE-mediated allergic diseases".
478:
302:
As the issue on Tanox's right to develop TNX-901 was moved to the legal stage, a judge of a
California court remarked that Tanox should have such a right, but then passed the case for
376:
Another anti-IgE antibody with identical antigen-binding characteristics is already on the market for allergic asthma and immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy, under the trade name
591:
Delayed help for peanut allergy sufferers - A new drug has been shown to offer protection against this sometimes fatal malady. Further testing, however, is stuck in a legal limbo.
881:
360:-grade CGP51901 was manufactured in a 500-liter bioreactor facility in Tanox in Houston, Texas and a Phase I trial on individuals with pollen sensitivity was carried out in
2402:
446:
596:
299:, with the understanding that this indication was important and urgent, but was not on the top agenda of clinical testing planned by the steering committee.
84:
790:"The effect of intravenous administration of a chimeric anti-IgE antibody on serum IgE levels in atopic subjects: efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics"
163:
482:
267:
in 1996. Trials of TNX-901 for treating extreme peanut sensitivity, which affect children especially, were unfortunately mired in legal battles.
243:" TNX-901. A drug is given a fast-track status if it meets a medical need not currently being met by any medication. TNX-901 was developed by
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356:”) approval from the U.S. FDA to be tested in human subjects. Under the collaborative agreement between Tanox and Ciba-Geigy, c
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in
Houston, Texas as a new-concept therapeutic for allergic diseases. The unique anti-IgE antibody was designed to target
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whether Tanox had the right to independently develop TNX-901 under the tripartite partnership formed by Tanox,
882:"FDA Approves First Medication to Help Reduce Allergic Reactions to Multiple Foods After Accidental Exposure"
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454:"Trials of an allergy drug Remedy against peanuts is mired in legal battles - International Herald Tribune"
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479:"Court Stays Lawsuit Against Tanox, Inc.; Judge Returns Parties to Arbitration. - Free Online Library"
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1682:
938:
551:
Leung DY, Shanahan WR, Li XM, Sampson HA (2004). "New approaches for the treatment of anaphylaxis".
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during the testing for baseline sensitivity for peanut allergens and the trial had to be suspended.
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and other medical centers and allergy clinics across the U. S. and shown to be able to prevent
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555:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 257. pp. 248–60, discussion 260–4, 276–85.
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to accidental exposure to peanuts, which is contained in many kinds of foods.
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Chang TW (February 2000). "The pharmacological basis of anti-IgE therapy".
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Robbins-Roth C. A David Vs. Goliath
Biotech Story, With Goliath Winning.
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further develop and commercialize the product, Ciba-Geigy would have the
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Anti-IgE Antibodies for the
Treatment of IgE-Mediated Allergic Diseases
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http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB111265511632497703-search,00.html
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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In the original collaborative agreement signed between Tanox and
244:
63:
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2410:
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1918:
436:
Hamilton DP. How
Genentech, Novartis Stifled A Promising Drug.
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292:
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55:
508:"Effect of anti-IgE therapy in patients with peanut allergy"
339:, rendering these cells insensitive to allergen activation.
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1706:
1667:
1653:
1207:
1081:
786:
836:
207:
specifically, without binding to IgE already bound by the
1615:
750:. Advances in Immunology. Vol. 93. pp. 63–119.
200:
72:
612:
http://www.bioventureconsultants.com/4-8-05_Article.html
506:
Leung DY, Sampson HA, Yunginger JW, et al. (2003).
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247:-based Tanox, started by two biomedical scientists,
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658:
113:
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546:
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501:
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954:
399:
397:
219:. Talizumab was tested in clinical trials at
739:
696:
830:
780:
652:
616:
541:
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221:National Jewish Medical and Research Center
2403:
2389:
961:
947:
394:
931:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
813:
746:Chang TW, Wu PC, Hsu CL, Hung AF (2007).
524:
406:"Wrangling May Delay Peanut Allergy Drug"
149:
702:
403:
3448:
2384:
942:
896:from the original on 19 February 2024
323:without triggering the activation of
3371:
892:(Press release). 16 February 2024.
13:
3466:Experimental monoclonal antibodies
14:
3477:
922:
237:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
906:
371:
874:
279:. (Note Ciba-Geigy merged with
3456:Drugs not assigned an ATC code
600:
585:
471:
430:
331:, which bear on their surface
191:that was under development by
1:
852:10.1016/S0009-9236(97)90087-4
756:10.1016/S0065-2776(06)93002-8
387:
189:humanized monoclonal antibody
1026:dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
888:Food and Drug Administration
317:
7:
1005:purine synthesis inhibitors
342:
333:high affinity IgE receptors
283:to form Novartis in 1996.)
209:high affinity IgE receptors
10:
3482:
638:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.051
230:
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2422:
2147:
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1933:
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1278:
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1260:
1253:
1206:
1190:IL-1 receptor antagonists
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1179:
1133:
1064:
994:
985:
160:
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124:
104:
99:
83:
78:
62:
45:
35:
28:
2063:Anti-lymphocyte globulin
933:Medical Subject Headings
626:J. Allergy Clin. Immunol
404:Pollack A (2003-03-13).
354:Investigational New Drug
2058:Anti-thymocyte globulin
970:Immunosuppressive drugs
561:10.1002/0470861193.ch20
255:, in 1986. There was a
1863:Interleukin-6 receptor
1289:Complement component 5
312:anaphylactic reactions
277:right of first refusal
3461:Monoclonal antibodies
2490:Camidanlumab tesirine
2412:Monoclonal antibodies
203:) and IgE-expressing
3165:Chimeric + humanized
2694:Nivolumab/relatlimab
526:10.1056/NEJMoa022613
840:Clin Pharmacol Ther
674:10.1038/nbt0290-122
438:Wall Street Journal
30:Monoclonal antibody
25:
16:Monoclonal antibody
3433:Never to phase III
2879:Certolizumab pegol
2846:Immunosuppressive:
2220:Diroximel fumarate
1893:IL-2 receptor/CD25
1321:Certolizumab pegol
974:Immunosuppressants
410:The New York Times
225:allergic reactions
21:
3443:
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3402:
3401:
3357:
3356:
3191:
3190:
3146:Immune activation
2638:Immune activation
2440:Immunosuppression
2378:
2377:
2225:Efgartigimod alfa
2215:Dimethyl fumarate
2143:
2142:
2071:
2070:
2044:
2043:
1249:
1248:
1175:
1174:
1016:Mycophenolic acid
806:10.1172/JCI119252
632:(5): 1309–10.e1.
570:978-0-470-86119-6
178:
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2760:Zolimomab aritox
2750:Telimomab aritox
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2428:
2405:
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2382:
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2021:Telimomab aritox
1924:Zolimomab aritox
1745:CD62L/L-selectin
1483:Immunoglobulin E
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595:March 10, 2003.
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513:N. Engl. J. Med.
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481:. Archived from
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456:. Archived from
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197:immunoglobulin E
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3423:Clinical trials
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3178:Rozanolixizumab
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3141:
2954:Lulizumab pegol
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2764:
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2320:Rozanolixizumab
2205:Deucravacitinib
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705:Nat. Biotechnol
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610:April 8, 2005.
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440:April 5, 2005.
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337:dendritic cells
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164:(what is this?)
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662:Bio/Technology
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297:peanut allergy
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3362:Inflammatory
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3331:
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3134:Vobarilizumab
3132:
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3127:
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3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
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3087:
3085:
3082:
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3079:Spartalizumab
3077:
3075:
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3065:
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3004:Pembrolizumab
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
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2967:
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2964:Mogamulizumab
2962:
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2884:Crizanlizumab
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2862:
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2778:Andecaliximab
2776:
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2360:Tildrakizumab
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1593:Muromonab-CD3
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1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:Interleukin 5
1464:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:Tildrakizumab
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
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1301:
1296:
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1285:
1283:
1281:(noncellular)
1277:
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1268:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:Extracellular
1252:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:Ridaforolimus
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1180:Intracellular
1178:
1166:
1163:
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1160:
1156:
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1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:Teriflunomide
1036:
1034:
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1028:
1027:
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1017:
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1007:
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1002:
1001:
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986:Intracellular
984:
979:
975:
971:
964:
959:
957:
952:
950:
945:
944:
941:
934:
930:
927:
926:
914:
913:public domain
895:
891:
889:
883:
877:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
846:(6): 675–90.
845:
841:
833:
825:
821:
816:
811:
807:
803:
800:(5): 879–87.
799:
795:
794:J Clin Invest
791:
783:
775:
771:
767:
765:9780123737076
761:
757:
753:
749:
742:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:10.1038/72601
714:
711:(2): 157–62.
710:
706:
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643:
639:
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619:
613:
609:
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593:Business Week
588:
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547:
545:
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532:
527:
522:
518:
515:
514:
509:
502:
500:
485:on 2016-08-21
484:
480:
474:
460:on 2007-03-12
459:
455:
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443:
439:
433:
419:
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411:
407:
400:
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393:
385:
383:
379:
372:Similar drugs
369:
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307:
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300:
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258:
257:legal dispute
254:
253:Tse Wen Chang
250:
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238:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:B lymphocytes
202:
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186:
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172:
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103:
98:
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90:
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82:
79:Clinical data
77:
74:
70:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
48:
44:
40:
38:
34:
31:
27:
19:
3323:Risankizumab
3308:Lebrikizumab
3288:Clazakizumab
3278:Anrukinzumab
3257:Tralokinumab
3173:Otelixizumab
3153:
3145:
3144:
3114:Tregalizumab
3099:Tislelizumab
3083:
3069:Satralizumab
3049:Rontalizumab
3044:Retifanlimab
3019:Plozalizumab
2999:Pateclizumab
2994:Pascolizumab
2989:Ozoralizumab
2939:Lampalizumab
2929:Inebilizumab
2919:Fontolizumab
2869:Camrelizumab
2864:Benralizumab
2859:Atezolizumab
2845:
2788:Clenoliximab
2689:
2673:Bertilimumab
2668:
2657:Tremelimumab
2637:
2560:Mavrilimumab
2550:Lirentelimab
2545:Lerdelimumab
2520:Fresolimumab
2460:Atorolimumab
2438:
2370:Upadacitinib
2330:Satralizumab
2315:Ritlecitinib
2310:Risankizumab
2105:
2086:
2026:Teprotumumab
2015:
1976:Inebilizumab
1971:Fontolizumab
1951:Atorolimumab
1919:T-lymphocyte
1917:
1891:
1875:
1861:
1842:
1831:Lerdelimumab
1826:Bertilimumab
1818:
1806:
1785:
1771:
1757:
1743:
1724:
1705:
1689:Pascolizumab
1674:Obinutuzumab
1666:
1652:
1638:
1622:Clenoliximab
1614:
1598:Otelixizumab
1585:
1558:
1545:Lebrikizumab
1529:
1513:
1497:
1481:
1465:
1422:Satralizumab
1412:Risankizumab
1344:
1303:
1287:
1279:Serum target
1231:Temsirolimus
1157:
1148:Pomalidomide
1143:Lenalidomide
1101:Pimecrolimus
1080:
1054:Methotrexate
1046:
1024:
1011:Azathioprine
1003:
988:(initiation)
898:. Retrieved
885:
876:
843:
839:
832:
797:
793:
782:
747:
741:
708:
704:
698:
668:(2): 122–6.
665:
661:
654:
629:
625:
618:
607:
602:
592:
587:
552:
516:
511:
487:. Retrieved
483:the original
473:
462:. Retrieved
458:the original
448:
437:
432:
421:. Retrieved
409:
375:
366:
346:
321:
308:
301:
291:(trade name
285:
269:
241:fast-tracked
234:
184:
180:
179:
168:
162:
18:
3419:from market
3389:Lemalesomab
3384:Fanolesomab
3379:Besilesomab
3318:Perakizumab
3303:Mirikizumab
3293:Gevokizumab
3283:Bimekizumab
3262:Ustekinumab
3247:Secukinumab
3232:Fezakinumab
3227:Canakinumab
3222:Briakinumab
3197:Interleukin
3150:Dostarlimab
3129:Visilizumab
3124:Vedolizumab
3119:Vatelizumab
3109:Toralizumab
3104:Tocilizumab
3089:Teclistamab
3064:Samalizumab
3054:Rovelizumab
3034:Ravulizumab
3014:Pidilizumab
3009:Pexelizumab
2974:Ocrelizumab
2969:Natalizumab
2959:Mepolizumab
2949:Ligelizumab
2944:Letolizumab
2914:Etrolizumab
2904:Epratuzumab
2874:Cedelizumab
2828:Vapaliximab
2823:Teneliximab
2813:Lumiliximab
2798:Gomiliximab
2783:Basiliximab
2755:Vepalimomab
2740:Nerelimomab
2725:Gavilimomab
2720:Faralimomab
2715:Elsilimomab
2690:Combination
2683:Zanolimumab
2678:Ontamalimab
2626:Ulocuplumab
2621:Tezepelumab
2611:Sifalimumab
2591:Pamrevlumab
2570:Morolimumab
2565:Metelimumab
2535:Lanadelumab
2470:Avdoralimab
2455:Anifrolumab
2365:Tofacitinib
2305:Ravulizumab
2295:Pirfenidone
2285:Peficitinib
2185:Canakinumab
2175:Briakinumab
2165:Bimekizumab
2160:Baricitinib
2125:Aflibercept
2036:Vepalimomab
2031:Vapaliximab
2006:Rovelizumab
1996:Pexelizumab
1986:Morolimumab
1961:Cedelizumab
1946:Anifrolumab
1941:Alemtuzumab
1899:Basiliximab
1869:Tocilizumab
1855:Vedolizumab
1850:Natalizumab
1836:Metelimumab
1779:Gavilimomab
1737:Toralizumab
1732:Teneliximab
1718:Lumiliximab
1713:Gomiliximab
1699:Ublituximab
1679:Ocrelizumab
1632:Zanolimumab
1608:Visilizumab
1566:Secukinumab
1550:Ustekinumab
1521:Elsilimomab
1505:Faralimomab
1473:Mepolizumab
1457:Ustekinumab
1452:Tocilizumab
1427:Secukinumab
1377:Canakinumab
1367:Briakinumab
1362:Bimekizumab
1357:Basiliximab
1346:Interleukin
1336:Nerelimomab
1241:Zotarolimus
1182:(reception)
1153:Thalidomide
1111:Voclosporin
1096:Ciclosporin
1090:Calcineurin
1086:Cyclophilin
1033:Leflunomide
1029:inhibitors
900:19 February
553:Anaphylaxis
362:Southampton
304:arbitration
115:380610-22-0
100:Identifiers
3450:Categories
3349:Lokivetmab
3342:Veterinary
3328:Spesolimab
3313:Olokizumab
3298:Ixekizumab
3242:Guselkumab
3237:Fletikumab
3217:Brazikumab
3212:Bermekimab
3183:Sutimlimab
3157:Ibalizumab
3094:Teplizumab
3074:Siplizumab
3059:Ruplizumab
3039:Reslizumab
3029:Quilizumab
2984:Omalizumab
2934:Itolizumab
2924:Frexalimab
2899:Efalizumab
2894:Eculizumab
2889:Daclizumab
2854:Aselizumab
2849:Apolizumab
2818:Priliximab
2803:Infliximab
2745:Odulimomab
2735:Maslimomab
2730:Inolimomab
2710:Afelimomab
2647:Durvalumab
2642:Ipilimumab
2631:Varlilumab
2601:Relatlimab
2596:Placulumab
2540:Lenzilumab
2515:Emapalumab
2500:Cemiplimab
2485:Brodalumab
2480:Bleselumab
2450:Adalimumab
2355:Sutimlimab
2350:Spesolimab
2335:Siltuximab
2275:Olokizumab
2265:Ixekizumab
2260:Itacitinib
2250:Guselkumab
2245:Fingolimod
2240:Filgotinib
2190:Crovalimab
2180:Brodalumab
2170:Blisibimod
2135:Rilonacept
2118:Opinercept
2113:Etanercept
2099:Belatacept
2050:Polyclonal
2011:Siplizumab
2001:Reslizumab
1991:Ofatumumab
1981:Maslimomab
1966:Emapalumab
1909:Inolimomab
1904:Daclizumab
1883:Odulimomab
1798:Ruplizumab
1793:Frexalimab
1751:Aselizumab
1646:Efalizumab
1603:Teplizumab
1499:Interferon
1489:Omalizumab
1442:Spesolimab
1432:Siltuximab
1407:Rilonacept
1402:Olokizumab
1392:Ixekizumab
1387:Guselkumab
1382:Daclizumab
1372:Brodalumab
1331:Infliximab
1316:Afelimomab
1311:Adalimumab
1295:Eculizumab
1271:Monoclonal
1262:Antibodies
1236:Umirolimus
1216:Everolimus
1165:Apremilast
1125:Gusperimus
1106:Tacrolimus
1074:inhibitors
1066:Macrolides
1048:antifolate
489:2012-09-27
464:2008-03-19
423:2022-10-06
388:References
382:omalizumab
325:mast cells
289:omalizumab
272:Ciba-Geigy
213:mast cells
151:9591BL735Z
126:ChemSpider
106:CAS Number
3429:Phase III
3417:Withdrawn
3394:Sulesomab
3271:Humanized
3252:Sirukumab
3084:Talizumab
2909:Erlizumab
2838:Humanized
2808:Keliximab
2793:Galiximab
2652:Nivolumab
2616:Tabalumab
2606:Sarilumab
2580:Oleclumab
2575:Namilumab
2555:Lirilumab
2530:Ianalumab
2525:Golimumab
2510:Eldelumab
2505:Dupilumab
2475:Belimumab
2445:Abrilumab
2345:Sirukumab
2340:Siponimod
2325:Sarilumab
2300:Ponesimod
2270:Netakimab
2255:Iptacopan
2235:Etrasimod
2195:Danicopan
2130:Alefacept
2094:Abatacept
2016:Talizumab
1956:Begelomab
1812:Belimumab
1765:Galiximab
1694:Rituximab
1660:Erlizumab
1627:Keliximab
1437:Sirukumab
1417:Sarilumab
1397:Netakimab
1326:Golimumab
1226:Sirolimus
418:0362-4331
329:basophils
318:Mechanism
265:Genentech
217:basophils
181:Talizumab
69:Fc region
52:Humanized
23:Talizumab
2770:Chimeric
2662:Urelumab
2585:Oxelumab
2495:Carlumab
2465:Avelumab
2414:for the
2280:Ozanimod
2155:Avacopan
2148:Unsorted
1934:Unsorted
1844:Integrin
1577:Cellular
1352:Anakinra
1198:Anakinra
1120:Abetimus
972: /
894:Archived
868:28652703
774:17383539
733:22688959
725:10657120
690:10510009
646:21397314
579:15025403
535:12637608
343:Research
261:Novartis
171:(verify)
85:ATC code
3364:lesions
3139:TGN1412
3024:PRO 140
2076:-cept (
860:9433396
824:9062345
682:1369991
245:Houston
239:(FDA) "
231:History
187:) is a
185:TNX-901
3412:WHO-EM
3154:Other:
2088:CTLA-4
2078:Fusion
1579:target
1560:IL-17A
1537:, and
1070:other
935:(MeSH)
929:TNX901
866:
858:
822:
815:507895
812:
772:
762:
731:
723:
688:
680:
644:
577:
567:
533:
416:
378:Xolair
293:Xolair
281:Sandoz
263:, and
64:Target
54:(from
47:Source
3372:Mouse
3205:Human
2703:Mouse
2669:Other
2432:Human
1877:LFA-1
1787:CD154
1640:CD11a
1539:IL-23
1535:IL-13
1531:IL-12
1135:IMiDs
890:(FDA)
886:U.S.
864:S2CID
729:S2CID
686:S2CID
193:Tanox
56:mouse
1807:BLyS
1759:CD80
1726:CD40
1707:CD23
1668:CD20
1654:CD18
1515:IL-6
1208:mTOR
1082:FKBP
1072:IL-2
902:2024
856:PMID
820:PMID
770:PMID
760:ISBN
721:PMID
678:PMID
642:PMID
575:PMID
565:ISBN
531:PMID
414:ISSN
327:and
251:and
235:The
215:and
142:UNII
133:none
92:none
37:Type
1820:CAT
1616:CD4
1587:CD3
1305:TNF
978:L04
848:doi
810:PMC
802:doi
752:doi
713:doi
670:doi
634:doi
630:127
557:doi
521:doi
517:348
358:GMP
350:IND
211:on
201:IgE
73:IgE
71:of
3452::
3425::
3148::
2692::
2671::
2640::
2443::
1533:,
884:.
862:.
854:.
844:62
842:.
818:.
808:.
798:99
796:.
792:.
768:.
758:.
727:.
719:.
709:18
707:.
684:.
676:.
664:.
640:.
628:.
573:.
563:.
543:^
529:.
510:.
498:^
412:.
408:.
396:^
352:(“
2980:)
2976:(
2587:§
2404:e
2397:t
2390:v
2231:)
2227:(
2080:)
1926:)
1922:(
1685:)
1681:(
1088:/
1084:/
1068:/
980:)
976:(
962:e
955:t
948:v
915:.
904:.
870:.
850::
826:.
804::
776:.
754::
735:.
715::
692:.
672::
666:8
648:.
636::
581:.
559::
537:.
523::
492:.
467:.
426:.
380:(
199:(
183:(
58:)
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