1656:, though the cosmetic industry is primarily responsible for its own product safety, the FDA can intervene when necessary to protect the public. In general, though, cosmetics do not require pre-market approval or testing. The ACSH says that companies must place a warning note on their products if they have not been tested, and that experts in cosmetic ingredient review also play a role in monitoring safety through influence on ingredients, but they lack legal authority. According to the ACSH, it has reviewed about 1,200 ingredients and has suggested that several hundred be restricted—but there is no standard or systemic method for reviewing chemicals for safety, or a clear definition of what 'safety' even means so that all chemicals get tested on the same basis.
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well-being of our staff and those who conduct inspections for the agency under contract at the state level, and because of industry concerns about visitors, we have temporarily postponed all domestic routine surveillance facility inspections. These are facility inspections the FDA traditionally conducts every few years based on a risk analysis. Importantly, all domestic for-cause inspection assignments will be evaluated and will proceed if mission-critical. We will continue to respond to natural disasters, outbreaks and other public health emergencies involving FDA-regulated products.
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more individuals as they progress from stage I to stage III, normally over a period of years, and normally involve drug companies, the government and its laboratories, and often medical schools and hospitals and clinics. However, any exceptions to the aforementioned process are subject to strict review and scrutiny and conditions, and are only given if a substantial amount of research and at least some preliminary human testing has shown that they are believed to be somewhat safe and possibly effective. (See FDA Special
Protocol Assessment about Phase III trials.)
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1237:. "The order in which new generic drugs were approved was set by the FDA employees even before drug manufacturers submitted applications" and, according to Mylan, this illegal procedure was followed to give preferential treatment to certain companies. During the summer of 1989, three FDA officials (Charles Y. Chang, David J. Brancato, Walter Kletch) pleaded guilty to criminal charges of accepting bribes from generic drugs makers, and two companies (
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1962:, also known as the "Wiley Act" after its chief advocate. The Act prohibited, under penalty of seizure of goods, the interstate transport of food that had been "adulterated". The Act applied similar penalties to the interstate marketing of "adulterated" drugs, in which the "standard of strength, quality, or purity" of the active ingredient was not either stated clearly on the label or listed in the
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707:. Each district comprises a main district office and a number of Resident Posts, which are FDA remote offices that serve a particular geographic area. ORA also includes the Agency's network of regulatory laboratories, which analyze any physical samples taken. Though samples are usually food-related, some laboratories are equipped to analyze drugs, cosmetics, and radiation-emitting devices.
645:, and several fragmented office buildings. The first building, the Life Sciences Laboratory, was dedicated and opened with 104 employees in December 2003. As of December 2018, the FDA campus has a population of 10,987 employees housed in approximately 3,800,000 square feet (350,000 square metres) of space, divided into ten offices and four laboratory buildings. The campus houses the
1229:. When its application to manufacture generics were subjected to repeated delays by the FDA, Mylan, convinced that it was being discriminated against, soon began its own private investigation of the agency in 1987. Mylan eventually filed suit against two former FDA employees and four drug-manufacturing companies, charging that corruption within the federal agency resulted in
1978:
authority was soon checked by judicial decisions, which narrowly defined the bureau's powers and set high standards for proof of fraudulent intent. In 1927, the Bureau of
Chemistry's regulatory powers were reorganized under a new USDA body, the Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration. This name was shortened to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) three years later.
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review documentation in the case of medical devices, drugs, biological products, and other items where it may be difficult to conduct a physical examination or take a physical sample of the product. The Office of
Regulatory Affairs is divided into five regions, which are further divided into 20 districts. The districts are based roughly on the geographic divisions of the
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drug. The regulation of drug advertising in the U.S. is divided between the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), based on whether the drug in question is a prescription drug or an over-the-counter (OTC) drug. The FDA oversees the advertising of prescription drugs, while the FTC regulates the advertising of OTC drugs.
2288:-sponsored testing for pediatric drug testing, although these requests are subject to NIH funding constraints. In the Pediatric Research Equity Act of 2003, Congress codified the FDA's authority to mandate manufacturer-sponsored pediatric drug trials for certain drugs as a "last resort" if incentives and publicly funded mechanisms proved inadequate.
2172:, would have forced radical changes in FDA regulation of unapproved drugs. The Abigail Alliance argued that the FDA must license drugs for use by terminally ill patients with "desperate diagnoses", after they have completed Phase I testing. The case won an initial appeal in May 2006, but that decision was reversed by a March 2007 rehearing. The
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companies and, in the 1990s, accounted for about a third of all prescriptions written in the United States. For a pharmaceutical company to gain approval to produce a generic drug, the FDA requires scientific evidence that the generic drug is interchangeable with or therapeutically equivalent to the originally approved drug. This is called an
878:(DSHEA), the FDA is responsible for ensuring that manufacturers and distributors of dietary supplements and dietary ingredients meet the current requirements. These manufacturers and distributors are not allowed to advertise their products in an adulterated way, and they are responsible for evaluating the safety and labeling of their product.
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access to drugs for patients with limited treatment options. All of the initial drugs approved for the treatment of HIV/AIDS were approved through these accelerated approval mechanisms. Frank Young, then commissioner of the FDA, was behind the Action Plan Phase II, established in August 1987 for quicker approval of AIDS medication.
1249:, a medication for high blood pressure, submitted Dyazide, rather than its generic version, for the FDA tests. In April 1989, the FDA investigated 11 manufacturers for irregularities; and later brought that number up to 13. Dozens of drugs were eventually suspended or recalled by manufacturers. In the early 1990s, the
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adverse event reporting, safety substantiation, additional labeling, record keeping, and Good
Manufacturing Practices (GMP). MoCRA also calls on the FDA to grant Mandatory Recall Authority and establish regulations for GMP rules, flavor allergen labeling rules, and testing methods for cosmetics containing talc.
2076:, more commonly known as the "Hatch-Waxman Act" after its chief sponsors. The act extended the patent exclusivity terms of new drugs, and tied those extensions, in part, to the length of the FDA approval process for each individual drug. For generic manufacturers, the Act created a new approval mechanism, the
894:. There is no review process to approve the composition of nonstick coatings; nor does the FDA inspect or test these materials. Through their governing of processes, however, the FDA does have a set of regulations that cover the formulation, manufacturing, and use of nonstick coatings. Hence, materials like
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To standardize, automate and streamline the flow of regulatory data, FDA introduced an
Electronic Submissions Gateway (ESG) in 2006. This gateway allows reporting organizations to send regulatory submissions to different centers over the internet, packaged in a center-specific format and enveloped as
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as evidence accumulated that the physiological response of children to many drugs differed significantly from those drugs' effects on adults. Children react differently to the drugs because of many reasons, including size, weight, etc. There were several reasons that few medical trials were done with
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Faced with numerous lawsuits, the manufacturer voluntarily withdrew it from the market. The example of Vioxx has been prominent in an ongoing debate over whether new drugs should be evaluated on the basis of their absolute safety, or their safety relative to existing treatments for a given condition.
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of the FDA's regulatory power argue that the FDA takes too long to approve drugs that might ease pain and human suffering faster if brought to market sooner. The AIDS crisis created some political efforts to streamline the approval process. However, these limited reforms were targeted for AIDS drugs,
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and other HIV activist organizations accused the FDA of unnecessarily delaying the approval of medications to fight HIV and opportunistic infections. Partly in response to these criticisms, the FDA issued new rules to expedite approval of drugs for life-threatening diseases, and expanded pre-approval
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However, on
December 29, 2022, President Biden signed the '2023 Consolidated Budget Act', which includes the 'Cosmetics Regulatory Modernization Act of 2022 (MoCRA)', which is a stricter regulation that is different from the previous regulations. MoCRA requires compliance with matters such as serious
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In 1989, a major scandal erupted involving the procedures used by the FDA to approve generic drugs for sale to the public. Charges of corruption in generic drug approval first emerged in 1988 during the course of an extensive congressional investigation into the FDA. The oversight subcommittee of the
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Critics, however, argue that FDA standards are not sufficiently rigorous to prevent unsafe or ineffective drugs from getting approval. New drugs are available only by prescription by default. A change to over-the-counter (OTC) status is a separate process, and the drug must be approved through an NDA
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In an initial FDA attempt to address this issue they produced the 1994 FDA Final Rule on
Pediatric Labeling and Extrapolation, which allowed manufacturers to add pediatric labeling information, but required drugs that had not been tested for pediatric safety and efficacy to bear a disclaimer to that
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After NDA approval, the sponsor must then review and report to the FDA every single patient adverse drug experience it learns of. They must report unexpected serious and fatal adverse drug events within 15 days, and other events on a quarterly basis. The FDA also receives directly adverse drug event
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The drug advertising regulation contains two broad requirements: (1) a company may advertise or promote a drug only for the specific indication or medical use for which it was approved by FDA. Also, an advertisement must contain a "fair balance" between the benefits and the risks (side effects) of a
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The FDA has a "Dietary
Supplement Ingredient Advisory List" that includes ingredients that sometimes appear on dietary supplements but need further evaluation. An ingredient is added to this list when it is excluded from use in a dietary supplement, does not appear to be an approved food additive or
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Today, the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration requested that Endo Pharmaceuticals remove its opioid pain medication, reformulated Opana ER (oxymorphone hydrochloride), from the market... This is the first time the agency has taken steps to remove a currently marketed opioid pain medication from sale
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in thousands of Americans, played a strong role in driving a new wave of safety reforms at both the FDA rulemaking and statutory levels. The FDA approved Vioxx in 1999, and initially hoped it would be safer than previous NSAIDs due to its reduced risk of intestinal tract bleeding. However, a number
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to the FD&C Act was passed, which represented a "revolution" in FDA regulatory authority. The most important change was the requirement that all new drug applications demonstrate "substantial evidence" of the drug's efficacy for a marketed indication, in addition to the existing requirement for
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Clearance requests are required for medical devices that prove they are "substantially equivalent" to the predicate devices already on the market. Approved requests are for items that are new or substantially different and need to demonstrate "safety and efficacy", for example they may be inspected
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is the branch of the FDA responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of biological therapeutic agents. These include blood and blood products, vaccines, allergenics, cell and tissue-based products, and gene therapy products. New biologics are required to go through a premarket approval process
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drugs, normally whose patents have expired. Approved generic drugs should have the same dosage, safety, effectiveness, strength, stability, and quality, as well as route of administration. In general, they are less expensive than their name brand counterparts, are manufactured and marketed by rival
802:
The FDA also uses tactics of regulatory shaming, mainly through online publication of non-compliance, warning letters, and "shaming lists." Regulation by shaming harnesses firms' sensitivity to reputational damage. For example, in 2018, the agency published an online "black list", in which it named
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is considered the agency's "eyes and ears", conducting the vast majority of the FDA's work in the field. Its employees, known as Consumer Safety Officers, or more commonly known simply as investigators, inspect production, warehousing facilities, investigate complaints, illnesses, or outbreaks, and
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As of 2011, Risk Minimization Action Plans (RiskMAPS) have been created to ensure risks of a drug never outweigh the benefits of that drug within the post-marketing period. This program requires that manufacturers design and implement periodic assessments of their programs' effectiveness. The Risk
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industries. The authors found major deficiencies in the current FDA system for ensuring the safety of drugs on the American market. Overall, the authors called for an increase in the regulatory powers, funding, and independence of the FDA. Some of the committee's recommendations were incorporated
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CDRH regulatory powers include the authority to require certain technical reports from the manufacturers or importers of regulated products, to require that radiation-emitting products meet mandatory safety performance standards, to declare regulated products defective, and to order the recall of
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and other experimental treatments, and for new drugs that can be used to treat debilitating and/or very rare conditions for which no existing remedies or drugs are satisfactory, or where there has not been an advance in a long period of time. The studies are progressively longer, gradually adding
798:
In June 2018, the FDA released a statement regarding new guidelines to help food and drug manufacturers "implement protections against potential attacks on the U.S. food supply". One of the guidelines includes the Intentional Adulteration (IA) rule, which requires strategies and procedures by the
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that do not require a doctor's prescription. The FDA has a list of approximately 800 such approved ingredients that are combined in various ways to create more than 100,000 OTC drug products. Many OTC drug ingredients had been previously approved prescription drugs now deemed safe enough for use
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that can protect from or treat the health effects of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) attack. MCMs can also be used for prevention and diagnosis of symptoms associated with CBRN attacks or threats. The FDA runs a program called the "FDA Medical Countermeasures Initiative"
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The programs for safety regulation vary widely by the type of product, its potential risks, and the regulatory powers granted to the agency. For example, the FDA regulates almost every facet of prescription drugs, including testing, manufacturing, labeling, advertising, marketing, efficacy, and
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Earlier this month, we announced that we are postponing most foreign facility inspections through April and that inspections outside the U.S. deemed mission-critical will be considered on a case-by-case basis as this outbreak continues to unfold. Today, we're announcing that for the health and
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For WebTrader, which is recommended for manual, small-volume submissions, users would typically install a client application on their computers and upload the package through it to FDA server. In AS2, which is recommended for automated or high-volume submissions, users can use any standard AS2
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The responsibility for examining food and drugs for such "adulteration" or "misbranding" was given to Wiley's USDA Bureau of Chemistry. Wiley used these new regulatory powers to pursue an aggressive campaign against the manufacturers of foods with chemical additives, but the Chemistry Bureau's
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Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) is a mechanism that was created to facilitate the availability and use of medical countermeasures, including vaccines and personal protective equipment, during public health emergencies such as the Zika virus epidemic, the Ebola virus epidemic and the COVID-19
2095:
In two instances, state governments have sought to legalize drugs that the FDA has not approved. Under the theory that federal law, passed pursuant to Constitutional authority, overrules conflicting state laws, federal authorities still claim the authority to seize, arrest, and prosecute for
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The FDA's Office of Prescription Drug Promotion (OPDP) has responsibilities that revolve around the review and regulation of prescription drug advertising and promotion. This is achieved through surveillance activities and the issuance of enforcement letters to pharmaceutical manufacturers.
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was established in 1991 to investigate criminal cases. To do so, OCI employs approximately 200 Special Agents nationwide who, unlike ORA Investigators, are armed, have badges, and do not focus on technical aspects of the regulated industries. Rather, OCI agents pursue and develop cases when
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and protect users from their unintended use. This guidance distinguishes the apps subjected to regulation based on the marketing claims of the apps. Incorporation of the guidelines during the development phase of these apps has been proposed for expedited market entry and clearance.
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The Critical Path Initiative is the FDA's effort to stimulate and facilitate a national effort to modernize the sciences through which FDA-regulated products are developed, evaluated, and manufactured. The Initiative was launched in March 2004, with the release of a report entitled
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With the passing of the FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017, the FDA projects a 64% increase in employees to 18,000 over the next 15 years and wants to add approximately 1,600,000 square feet (150,000 square metres) of office and special use space to their existing facilities. The
382:(FD&C). However, the agency also enforces other laws, notably Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act as well as associated regulations. Much of this regulatory-enforcement work is not directly related to food or drugs but involves other factors like regulating
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issued a "Declaration on a Shared Vision for Perimeter Security and Economic Competitiveness" and announced the creation of the Canada-United States Regulatory Cooperation Council (RCC) "to increase regulatory transparency and coordination between the two countries."
2020:
into law on June 24, 1938. The new law significantly increased federal regulatory authority over drugs by mandating a pre-market review of the safety of all new drugs, as well as banning false therapeutic claims in drug labeling without requiring that the FDA prove
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Very rare, limited exceptions to this multi-step process involving animal testing and controlled clinical trials can be granted out of compassionate use protocols. This was the case during the 2015 Ebola epidemic with the use, by prescription and authorization, of
9009:
1649:). However, all color additives must be specifically FDA approved before manufacturers can include them in cosmetic products sold in the U.S. The FDA regulates cosmetics labeling, and cosmetics that have not been safety tested must bear a warning to that effect.
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can cause birth defects, but has uses that outweigh the risks if men and women taking the drugs do not conceive a child; a REMS program for thalidomide mandates an auditable process to ensure that people taking the drug take action to avoid pregnancy; many
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Biotechnology drugs do not have the simple, readily verifiable chemical structures of conventional drugs, and are produced through complex, often proprietary, techniques, such as transgenic mammalian cell cultures. Because of these complexities, the 1984
732:(e.g., conspiracy, false statements, wire fraud, mail fraud), in addition to prohibited acts as defined in Chapter III of the FD&C Act. OCI Special Agents often come from other criminal investigations backgrounds, and frequently work closely with the
1916:, appointed chief chemist in 1883, the Division began conducting research into the adulteration and misbranding of food and drugs on the American market. Wiley's advocacy came at a time when the public had become aroused to hazards in the marketplace by
2374:(ANDA) process. This precluded the possibility of generic drug competition for biotechnology drugs. In February 2007, identical bills were introduced into the House to create an ANDA process for the approval of generic biologics, but were not passed.
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The FDA has regulatory oversight over a large array of products that affect the health and life of American citizens. As a result, the FDA's powers and decisions are carefully monitored by several governmental and non-governmental organizations. A $
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In the wake of the Vioxx recall, there were widespread calls by major newspapers, medical journals, consumer advocacy organizations, lawmakers, and FDA officials for reforms in the FDA's procedures for pre- and post-market drug safety regulation.
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Furthermore, it was discovered that several manufacturers had falsified data submitted in seeking FDA authorization to market certain generic drugs. Vitarine Pharmaceuticals of New York, which sought approval of a generic version of the drug
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safety—yet FDA regulation of cosmetics focuses primarily on labeling and safety. The FDA regulates most products with a set of published standards enforced by a modest number of facility inspections. Inspection observations are documented on
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As of 2021, the FDA had responsibility for overseeing $ 2.7 trillion in food, medical, and tobacco products. Some 54% of its budget derives from the federal government, and 46% is covered by industry user fees for FDA services. For example,
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journalists, consumer protection organizations, and federal regulators began mounting a campaign for stronger regulatory authority by publicizing a list of injurious products that had been ruled permissible under the 1906 law, including
1124:. The FDA also implements regulatory oversight through engagement with third-party enforcer-firms. It expects pharmaceutical companies to ensure that third-party suppliers and labs comply with the agency's health and safety guidelines .
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1672:(CVM) is a center of the FDA that regulates food additives and drugs that are given to animals. CVM regulates animal drugs, animal food including pet animal, and animal medical devices. The FDA's requirements to prevent the spread of
1703:
The nine new graphic warning labels were announced by the FDA in June 2011 and were scheduled to be required to appear on packaging by September 2012. The implementation date is uncertain, due to ongoing proceedings in the case of
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for use in humans or other animals as a prescription medical device. Medical maggots represent the first living organism allowed by the Food and Drug Administration for production and marketing as a prescription medical device.
2265:. Thus, for decades, most medicines prescribed to children in the U.S. were done so in a non-FDA-approved, "off-label" manner, with dosages "extrapolated" from adult data through body weight and body-surface-area calculations.
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not for the broader market. This has led to the call for more robust and enduring reforms that would allow patients, under the care of their doctors, access to drugs that have passed the first round of clinical trials.
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individuals and companies commit criminal actions, such as fraudulent claims or knowingly and willfully shipping known adulterated goods in interstate commerce. In many cases, OCI pursues cases involving violations of
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raised concerns that food is not a high priority at the FDA. The report explains the FDA has structural and leadership problems in the food division and is often deferential to industry. This might be attributed to
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These reforms had the effect of increasing the time, and the difficulty, required to bring a drug to market. One of the most important statutes in establishing the modern American pharmaceutical market was the 1984
2219:
to review pharmaceutical safety regulation in the U.S. and to issue recommendations for improvements. The committee was composed of 16 experts, including leaders in clinical medicine medical research, economics,
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2047:
Medical Officer Alexander Fleming, M. D., examines a portion of a 240-volume new drug application around the late 1980s. Applications grew considerably after the efficacy mandate under the 1962 Drug Amendments.
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1645:, the same branch of the FDA that regulates food. Cosmetic products are not, in general, subject to premarket approval by the FDA unless they make "structure or function claims" that make them into drugs (see
871:. Specific standards the FDA exercises differ from one category to the next. Furthermore, legislation had granted the FDA a variety of means to address violations of standards for a given substance category.
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report on pharmaceutical regulation in the U.S. found major deficiencies in the current FDA system for ensuring the safety of drugs on the American market. Overall, the authors called for an increase in the
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uses different requirements for the three main drug product types: new drugs, generic drugs, and over-the-counter drugs. A drug is considered "new" if it is made by a different manufacturer, uses different
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effect. However, this rule failed to motivate many drug companies to conduct additional pediatric drug trials. In 1997, the FDA proposed a rule to require pediatric drug trials from the sponsors of
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have also filed a brief in the suit, arguing that the labels infringe on commercial free speech and could lead to further government intrusion if left unchallenged. In November 2011, Federal judge
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6672:"To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the licensing of comparable and interchangeable biological products, and for other purposes. (2007; 110th Congress H.R. 1038) – GovTrack.us"
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due to the public health consequences of abuse...: "We are facing an opioid epidemic – a public health crisis, and we must take all necessary steps to reduce the scope of opioid misuse and abuse.
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744:. OCI receives cases from a variety of sources—including ORA, local agencies, and the FBI, and works with ORA Investigators to help develop the technical and science-based aspects of a case.
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1526:, as well as overseeing the manufacturing, performance and safety of these devices. The definition of a medical device is given in the FD&C Act, and it includes products from the simple
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2080:(ANDA), in which the generic drug manufacturer need only demonstrate that their generic formulation has the same active ingredient, route of administration, dosage form, strength, and
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Medical algorithms are less transparent, far more complex, more likely to reflect preexisting human bias, and more apt to evolve (and fail) over time than medical devices in the past.
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in the late 1970s. This drug was used as a treatment for cancer, but scientific studies both before and after this legislative trend found it ineffective. The second wave concerned
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Prior to the 1990s, only 20% of all drugs prescribed for children in the United States were tested for safety or efficacy in a pediatric population. This became a major concern of
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of pre and post-marketing studies suggested that Vioxx might increase the risk of myocardial infarction, and results from the APPROVe trial in 2004 conclusively demonstrated this.
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Up until the 20th century, there were few federal laws regulating the contents and sale of domestically produced food and pharmaceuticals, with one exception being the short-lived
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1870:. The FDA's research efforts include the areas of biologics, medical devices, drugs, women's health, toxicology, food safety and applied nutrition, and veterinary medicine.
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a GNU-compatible .tar.gz file, through either a FDA-specific WebTrader application or via a more generic B2B communication protocol called AS2 (Applicability Statement 2).
1294:, but halted the phase 1 trials in July pending the receipt of more information about how the drug works. This was widely viewed as increasingly important in the face of a
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of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia temporarily halted the new labels, likely delaying the requirement that tobacco companies display the labels. The
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Soon after passage of the 1938 Act, the FDA began to designate certain drugs as safe for use only under the supervision of a medical professional, and the category of "
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antitoxin derived from tetanus-contaminated serum caused the deaths of thirteen children in St. Louis, Missouri. The serum was originally collected from a horse named
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3289:"Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on new guidance to help manufacturers implement protections against potential attacks on the U.S. food supply"
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children. For many drugs, children represented such a small proportion of the potential market, that drug manufacturers did not see such testing as cost-effective.
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The FDA has a number of field offices across the United States, in addition to international locations in China, India, Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America.
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1747:, is representing the tobacco companies in the case, contending requiring graphic warning labels on a lawful product cannot withstand constitutional scrutiny. The
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Free To Choose Medicine: How Faster Access to New Drugs Would Save Countless Lives and End Needless Suffering: Bartley J. Madden: 9781934791325: Amazon.com: Books
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and accompanying legislation, the FDA has authority to oversee the quality of substances sold as food in the United States, and to monitor claims made in the
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to develop technology and standards that support its regulatory role, with the objective of resolving scientific and technical challenges before they become
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properties ("bioequivalence") as the corresponding brand-name drug. This Act has been credited with, in essence, creating the modern generic drug industry.
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On March 18, 2020, FDA inspectors postponed most foreign facility inspections and all domestic routine surveillance facility inspections. In contrast, the
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Karki L (2005). "Review of FDA Law Related to Pharmaceuticals: The Hatch-Waxman Act, Regulatory Amendments and Implications for Drug Patent Enforcement".
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Yetisen AK, Martinez-Hurtado JL, da Cruz Vasconcellos F, Simsekler MC, Akram MS, Lowe CR (March 2014). "The regulation of mobile medical applications".
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Kovitwanichkanont T, Driscoll T (September 2018). "A comparative review of the isotretinoin pregnancy risk management programs across four continents".
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FDA is an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services and consists of nine Centers and Offices, which are listed on the menu to the left.
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approved a new master plan for this expansion in December 2018, and construction is expected to be completed by 2035, dependent on GSA appropriations.
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5313:"Notice: Regulatory Cooperation Council (RCC) Over-the-Counter (OTC) Products: Common Monograph Working Group: Selection of a Monograph for Alignment"
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1338:(FSIS) continued inspections of meatpacking plants, which resulted in 145 FSIS field employees who tested positive for COVID-19, and three who died.
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software to transmit the package to FDA by including additional routing details on top of standard AS2, in the form of custom HTTP request headers.
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possession and sales of these substances, even in states where they are legal under state law. The first wave was the legalization by 27 states of
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to pass incentives that gave pharmaceutical manufacturers a six-month patent term extension on new drugs submitted with pediatric trial data. The
1166:, FDA requirements for post-marketing risk management are increasing. As a condition of approval, a sponsor may be required to conduct additional
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5372:"Press Announcements - FDA launches global operation to crack down on websites selling illegal, potentially dangerous drugs; including opioids"
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A more recent example of the FDA's international work is their 2018 cooperation with regulatory and law-enforcement agencies worldwide through
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for safety in case of new toxic hazards. Both aspects need to be proved or provided by the submitter to ensure proper procedures are followed.
1511:
654:
597:
4948:
3550:
2108:
allowing doctors to recommend cannabis for glaucoma or the side effects of chemotherapy, a more widespread trend began in California with the
2059:, but caused birth defects and even the death of thousands of babies when taken during pregnancy. American mothers were largely unaffected as
9474:
9059:
8051:
7553:
5269:"PM and U.S. President Obama announce shared vision for perimeter security and economic competitiveness between Canada and the United States"
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4286:
3445:
2409:
2179:
1819:
undertook a "first of its kind" initiative by selecting "as its first area of alignment common cold indications for certain over-the-counter
1676:
are also administered by CVM through inspections of feed manufacturers. CVM does not regulate vaccines for animals; these are handled by the
1606:
1471:
1369:
1084:
997:
448:. In 2008, the FDA began to post employees to foreign countries, including China, India, Costa Rica, Chile, Belgium, and the United Kingdom.
6536:
Politis P (2005). "Transition From the Carrot to the Stick: The Evolution of Pharmaceutical Regulations Concerning Pediatric Drug Testing".
4835:
3613:
3353:
3171:
2912:
9312:
9026:
8228:
7760:
7711:
7279:
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1413:
658:
522:
504:
241:
226:
6413:
6355:
5747:
2827:
1774:
With acceptance of premarket notification 510(k) k033391 in January 2004, the FDA granted Ronald Sherman permission to produce and market
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8223:
8182:
7824:
7563:
7375:
5338:
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1891:
4809:
2087:
Concerns about the length of the drug approval process were brought to the fore early in the AIDS epidemic. In the mid- and late 1980s,
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8233:
8146:
7733:
7728:
7294:
7230:
4891:
4620:
2686:
2674:
2241:
Minimization Action Plans are set in place depending on the overall level of risk a prescription drug is likely to pose to the public.
1519:
962:
or inactive ingredients, is used for a different purpose, or undergoes any substantial change. The most rigorous requirements apply to
570:
510:
256:
231:
5106:
1436:
applies to all biologic products, as well. Originally, the entity responsible for regulation of biological products resided under the
1253:
filed securities fraud charges against the Bolar Pharmaceutical Company, a major generic manufacturer based in Long Island, New York.
9088:
3837:
3734:
1171:
5989:
3580:
9132:
8994:
7798:
4572:
737:
6479:
Qato DM, Alexander GC (October 2011). "Improving the Food and Drug Administration's mandate to ensure postmarketing drug safety".
6457:
6399:
840:
The regulation of food and dietary supplements by the Food and Drug Administration is governed by various statutes enacted by the
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7274:
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1332:
1250:
954:
946:
930:
823:
811:
650:
516:
474:
460:
236:
113:
39:
7037:
Fain K, Daubresse M, Alexander GC (July 2013). "The Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act and postmarketing commitments".
6823:
5713:
5295:"United States-Canada Regulatory Cooperation Council (RCC) Joint Action Plan: Developing and implementing the Joint Action Plan"
3757:
1830:
as part of Operation Pangea XI. The FDA targeted 465 websites that illegally sold potentially dangerous, unapproved versions of
625:
Since 1990, the FDA has had employees and facilities on 130 acres (53 hectares) of the White Oak Federal Research Center in the
6679:
5172:
4760:
2667:
1653:
1313:
882:
recognized as safe, and/or is subjected to the requirement for pre-market notification without having a satisfied requirement.
859:, added substances (human-made substances that are not intentionally introduced into food, but nevertheless end up in it), and
418:
309:
7186:
4978:
2854:
1159:
program. These reports are called "spontaneous reports" because reporting by consumers and health professionals is voluntary.
826:. They also often work with local and state government agencies in performing regulatory inspections and enforcement actions.
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9093:
9041:
8946:
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7223:
7117:
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6433:
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803:
dozens of branded drug companies that are supposedly using unlawful or unethical means to attempt to impede competition from
686:
6882:
4857:
4311:
9433:
9296:
9107:
9036:
8961:
8780:
7716:
7339:
5945:
4058:
Brown WV, Bramlet DA, Ross JL, Underberg JA (October 14, 2016). "JCL roundtable: Risk evaluation and mitigation strategy".
2625:
2196:
2040:
in 1951. These developments confirmed extensive powers for the FDA to enforce post-marketing recalls of ineffective drugs.
2017:
1697:
1433:
845:
670:
379:
6011:
Richert L (2009). "Reagan, Regulation, and the FDA: The US Food and Drug Administration's Response to HIV/AIDS, 1980–90".
5510:
3669:
3502:
2880:
2261:
brought increased governmental and institutional hurdles to approval of these clinical trials, and greater concerns about
2224:, law, public policy, public health, and the allied health professions, as well as current and former executives from the
929:(MCMi), with programs funded by the federal government. It helps support "partner" agencies and organisations prepare for
9284:
9162:
8058:
8046:
7812:
7802:
7703:
5653:
5316:
3869:
2619:
1863:
1766:
In July 2017, the FDA announced a plan that would reduce the current levels of nicotine permitted in tobacco cigarettes.
1748:
1218:
614:
1924:, and became part of a general trend for increased federal regulations in matters pertinent to public safety during the
9464:
8297:
7399:
6125:
5558:
5268:
4457:
4249:
2775:
2553:
2538:
2168:
1760:
1335:
1291:
898:(Teflon) are not and cannot be considered as FDA Approved, but rather, they are a "FDA Compliant" or "FDA Acceptable".
819:
729:
704:
6762:
4541:
3468:
9301:
9260:
9225:
9210:
9192:
9117:
8896:
7840:
7344:
7299:
7098:
7027:
6990:
6203:
4725:
Modric S (September 2013). "Regulatory framework for the availability and use of animal drugs in the United States".
4194:
3415:
2601:
International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
2548:
1628:
1493:
1391:
1106:
1019:
724:
261:
4481:"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Focuses on Safety of Regulated Products While Scaling Back Domestic Inspections"
2125:
from the market, it was the first request in FDA history to recall an effective drug over its potential for misuse.
9306:
9142:
9073:
9068:
8156:
8041:
8036:
8000:
6995:
5294:
4478:
2613:
2576:
2533:
2371:
2304:, which awards a transferable "priority review voucher" to any company that obtains approval for a treatment for a
2077:
1900:. The history of the FDA can be traced to the latter part of the 19th century and the Division of Chemistry of the
1725:
1673:
1205:
915:
5502:
4652:"A perspective on the safety of cosmetic products: a position paper of the American Council on Science and Health"
3322:
3053:
9245:
9152:
9016:
8931:
8694:
4915:
4511:
4402:"Expanded Access Programs, compassionate drug use, and Emergency Use Authorizations during the COVID-19 pandemic"
2273:. However, this new rule was successfully preempted in federal court as exceeding the FDA's statutory authority.
2109:
1752:
1295:
815:
733:
634:
4342:
4221:
2938:
9274:
9147:
8984:
8951:
8021:
7806:
7581:
7349:
7289:
5866:
5618:
3136:
2967:
2026:
1901:
1882:
project was created to enable easy access of the data for the public and was officially launched in June 2014.
1709:
1669:
1610:
1475:
1373:
1088:
1001:
662:
534:
484:
456:
406:
251:
194:
6808:
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799:
food industry to reduce the risk of compromise in facilities and processes that are significantly vulnerable.
9050:
8440:
8290:
7770:
7442:
7068:
Free To Choose Medicine: How Faster Access to New Drugs Would Save Countless Lives and End Needless Suffering
3959:
Food and Drug Administration rules prohibit advertising of drugs that have not been fully approved by the FDA
2285:
2176:
declined to hear the case, and the final decision denied the existence of a right to unapproved medications.
2068:
pre-marketing demonstration of safety. This marked the start of the FDA approval process in its modern form.
2002:
1696:. This Act requires color warnings on cigarette packages and printed advertising, and text warnings from the
1437:
1418:
1321:
6038:
2797:
2746:
1174:(REMS) for some drugs that require actions to be taken to ensure that the drug is used safely. For example,
9413:
7432:
6268:
6094:
5371:
5010:
3288:
699:
638:
543:
441:
266:
5815:
9333:
9031:
8989:
8343:
8075:
8016:
7845:
7636:
7284:
6638:
6068:
2305:
1943:
1909:
1317:
1143:
610:
528:
246:
7592:
7177:
6606:
681:
9328:
7487:
5774:"Making Food Standard: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Food Standards of Identity, 1930s–1960s"
2455:
2351:
1964:
1163:
1037:
5449:
4479:
Stephen M. Hahn M.D., Commissioner of Food and Drugs - Food and Drug Administration (March 18, 2020).
9358:
9078:
7558:
7427:
5591:
4143:
Cohen L (1990). "Government Policies and Programs – United States – Generic Drug Scandal".
4011:"Assuring safety of inherently unsafe medications: the FDA risk evaluation and mitigation strategies"
2693:
2643:
2582:
2121:
2064:
2043:
2037:
2013:
2009:
tragedy, in which over 100 people died after using a drug formulated with a toxic, untested solvent.
1535:
1429:
364:
7215:
6867:
1424:
The original authority for government regulation of biological products was established by the 1902
9220:
8581:
8573:
8416:
8107:
5736:
2721:
The quoted text from the source indicates "9" but the actual count from the website indicates "14".
2607:
2339:
1404:
1121:
891:
6607:"Section 529 Rare Pediatric Disease Priority Review Voucher Incentive Program, Public Law 112-144"
6152:"Innovation or Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical Products"
5233:"Joint Statement by President Obama and Prime Minister Harper of Canada on Regulatory Cooperation"
3640:"Alliance for Biosecurity applauds subcommittee efforts to sustain medical countermeasure funding"
3437:
1566:
defective or noncompliant products. CDRH also conducts limited amounts of direct product testing.
715:
637:(GSA) began new construction on the campus to consolidate the FDA's 25 existing operations in the
9200:
9112:
8553:
8428:
8026:
7926:
7817:
7417:
5423:
4921:
4831:
4594:
3195:"The Biopharmaceutical Industry Provides 75% Of The FDA's Drug Review Budget. Is This A Problem?"
3167:
2916:
2637:
2297:
1913:
1599:
1464:
1362:
1287:
1222:
1135:
refers to the practice of prescribing a drug for a different purpose than what the FDA approved.
1077:
990:
895:
855:
The FDA subdivides substances that it regulates as food into various categories—including foods,
762:
630:
433:
123:
4400:
Rizk JG, Forthal DN, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Mehra MR, Lavie CJ, Rizk Y, et al. (February 2021).
3913:
3886:
1736:
way of forcing tobacco companies to engage in anti-smoking advocacy on the government's behalf.
394:. In addition, the FDA takes control of diseases in the contexts varying from household pets to
9268:
9188:
9083:
8906:
8785:
8199:
8115:
7951:
7354:
6439:
6348:
6301:"Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial"
6299:
Bresalier RS, Sandler RS, Quan H, Bolognese JA, Oxenius B, Horgan K, et al. (March 2005).
2823:
2139:
Innovation/Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical Products.
1959:
849:
841:
5898:
5892:
5348:
3388:
1534:. CDRH also oversees the safety performance of non-medical devices that emit certain types of
9290:
9240:
9235:
8979:
8727:
7956:
7765:
7512:
4887:
4791:
2523:
2420:
2216:
2200:
2060:
1929:
1425:
399:
341:
5099:
4796:
Vaccines and diagnostics for transboundary animal diseases: Ames, Iowa, 17-19 September 2012
9403:
8717:
8546:
8401:
7467:
5503:
National Research Council (US) Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (1985).
2481:
2359:
2270:
2116:
2105:
2006:
2005:
for five years, but was rapidly enacted into law following the public outcry over the 1937
1033:
941:
885:
414:
32:
5968:"FDA Website: Expanded Access and Expedited Approval of New Therapies Related to HIV/AIDS"
8:
9363:
9122:
8820:
7911:
7906:
7482:
7071:
5997:
5297:(Press release). Office of the Prime Minister of Canada. December 7, 2011. Archived from
4792:"Translating research into licensed vaccines and validated and licensed diagnostic tests"
3825:
3722:
3588:
2595:
2571:
2383:
1897:
1044:
first. A drug that is approved is said to be "safe and effective when used as directed".
925:
860:
642:
626:
429:
372:
344:
55:
9419:
6821:
6453:
2318:
paper: "Developing Drugs for Developing Countries". President Obama signed into law the
9021:
8974:
8916:
8800:
8472:
7931:
7916:
7462:
7457:
7200:
7171:
6985:
6855:
6794:
6330:
6240:
5858:
4681:
4426:
4401:
4118:
4035:
4010:
2913:"FDA's International Posts: Improving the Safety of Imported Food and Medical Products"
1970:
1955:
1784:
1238:
1170:, called Phase IV trials. In some cases, the FDA requires risk management plans called
410:
333:
287:
7145:
6776:
5705:
1506:
768:
According to Forbes, pharmaceutical firms provide 75% of the FDA's drug review budget
592:
451:
199:
9348:
9157:
8843:
8477:
8462:
8444:
8358:
8177:
8099:
7961:
7447:
7210:
7113:
7094:
7075:
7054:
7023:
7000:
6965:
6847:
6837:
6744:
6588:
6496:
6429:
6322:
6246:
5902:
5850:
5793:
5154:
5149:
5132:
4799:
4742:
4673:
4431:
4148:
4110:
4075:
4040:
3891:
3763:
3384:
2160:
2156:
2101:
2033:
2022:
356:
352:
337:
6726:
6671:
5862:
4685:
1788:(medicinal leeches) as the second living organism legal to use as a medical device.
8999:
8911:
8891:
8739:
8709:
8325:
7569:
Regulation of food and dietary supplements by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
7517:
7492:
7452:
7387:
7181:
7141:
7046:
7020:
Protecting America's Health: The FDA, Business, and One Hundred Years of Regulation
6981:
6977:
6957:
6829:
6736:
6578:
6568:
6488:
6421:
6394:
6334:
6312:
6020:
5842:
5785:
5144:
4734:
4663:
4421:
4413:
4122:
4102:
4067:
4030:
4022:
3881:
2513:
2258:
2229:
2173:
2081:
2056:
1843:
1733:
1717:
1689:
1543:
1307:
1139:
836:
Regulation of food and dietary supplements by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
6961:
5619:"The surprising journey from a horse named Jim to stem cell therapies at UC Davis"
3984:
9215:
8921:
8883:
8853:
8699:
8632:
8497:
8482:
8406:
8373:
7507:
7422:
5484:
4417:
4319:
2505:
2346:. Many of these drugs are extremely expensive; for example, the anti-cancer drug
2309:
2262:
2257:
Also, the belief that children are ethically restricted in their ability to give
1947:
1925:
1854:
1775:
1756:
1539:
1531:
1167:
1138:
Due to this approval requirement, manufacturers were prohibited from advertising
387:
9423:
6914:"Where the dollars go: Lobbying a big business for large food and beverage CPGs"
5941:
5504:
1208:(ANDA). 80% of prescription drugs sold in the United States are generic brands.
863:. Dietary supplements or dietary ingredients include vitamins, minerals, herbs,
9338:
8502:
8467:
8363:
8141:
8083:
7644:
7527:
7502:
7497:
7472:
7437:
7129:
6948:
Givel M (December 2005). "Philip Morris' FDA gambit: good for public health?".
5649:
5237:
4738:
4071:
2314:
1921:
1839:
1808:
1551:
1523:
1032:
New drugs receive extensive scrutiny before FDA approval in a process called a
395:
360:
6210:
5789:
5315:. Canada's Action Plan. Government of Canada. January 10, 2013. Archived from
4668:
4651:
4026:
3494:
1522:(CDRH) is the branch of the FDA responsible for the premarket approval of all
9448:
9343:
8863:
8671:
8532:
8512:
8423:
8388:
8091:
7889:
7537:
7522:
7477:
7250:
7192:
6573:
6556:
5812:"Report of Congressman Morris Udall on thalidomide and the Kefauver hearings"
5797:
5547:"How Chemists Pushed for Consumer Protection: The Food and Drugs Act of 1906"
4347:
3015:
3001:
2631:
2518:
2443:
2221:
1820:
1816:
1721:
1646:
1555:
1234:
1183:
drugs have REMS programs to avoid addiction and diversion of drugs. The drug
856:
422:
317:
190:
145:
132:
6825:
The Future of Drug Safety: Promoting and Protecting the Health of the Public
6418:
The Future of Drug Safety: Promoting and Protecting the Health of the Public
5546:
5480:"FDA opens new drug database to public; hiring site draws investor interest"
5272:
5203:"The Dangers of Raw Milk: Unpasteurized Milk Can Pose a Serious Health Risk"
4449:
3466:
3343:
2771:
9393:
9353:
8868:
8689:
8681:
8651:
8522:
8507:
8353:
7532:
7196:
7058:
7050:
6969:
6748:
6592:
6500:
6492:
6326:
5854:
5343:
5271:(Press release). Prime Minister of Canada. February 4, 2011. Archived from
5158:
4746:
4677:
4435:
4114:
4079:
4044:
3895:
3616:. U.S. Food and Drug Administ ration: Emergency Preparedness and Response.
2355:
2331:
2250:
2225:
1998:
1835:
1804:
1744:
1230:
1184:
911:
804:
437:
7012:
7004:
3981:"MedWatch: The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program"
3403:
1241:
and its subsidiary Quad Pharmaceuticals) pleaded guilty to giving bribes.
9383:
8969:
8926:
8858:
8838:
8815:
8790:
8594:
8589:
8567:
8560:
8517:
8487:
8457:
8313:
7653:
7622:
7008:
6883:"How the FDA's food division fails to regulate health and safety hazards"
6317:
6300:
6024:
5398:"Transaction laundering in 2019 – time to review the monitoring strategy"
2528:
2469:
2425:
2052:
1987:
1937:
1792:
1341:
1175:
1120:
Advertising and promotion for over-the-counter drugs is regulated by the
907:
445:
368:
321:
6178:"The US Government Has Sent This Guy 300 Joints Each Month for 34 Years"
5298:
4161:
2330:
Since the 1990s, many successful new drugs for the treatment of cancer,
2233:
into drafts of the PDUFA IV amendment, which was signed into law as the
2063:
of the FDA refused to authorize the medication for market. In 1962, the
9184:
8936:
8901:
8830:
8617:
8492:
8452:
8321:
8282:
8123:
6740:
6514:
Temeck J (November 2010). "Pediatric Product Development in the U.S.".
5888:
5339:"N2018-123 / 2018 / News / News and media / Internet / Home - INTERPOL"
3944:"FDA rules have blocked COVID-19 vaccine makers from advertising on TV"
3314:
3045:
2493:
1933:
1867:
1613: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1547:
1527:
1478: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1376: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1325:
1226:
1200:
1091: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1004: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
864:
7091:
Prescription for Disaster: The Hidden Dangers in Your Medicine Cabinet
6583:
4106:
1878:
The FDA has collected a large amount of data through the decades. The
1569:
689:
is the headquarters of the National Center for Toxicological Research.
9230:
8941:
8873:
8848:
8810:
8775:
8767:
8749:
8734:
8722:
8666:
8643:
8611:
8606:
8396:
7245:
5846:
4595:"What does it mean when FDA "clears" or "approves" a medical device?"
2312:
faculty David Ridley, Henry Grabowski, and Jeffrey Moe in their 2006
1990:
1982:
1917:
1713:
1271:
1267:
1132:
959:
921:
7685:
Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology
5830:
2488:
1588:
1453:
1351:
1066:
1040:, the agency has worked to make the drug-approval process go faster.
979:
810:
The FDA frequently works with other federal agencies, including the
9205:
8795:
8744:
8600:
8540:
8368:
8338:
7936:
6833:
6425:
5042:"FDA Announces Plan To Cut Level Of Nicotine Allowed In Cigarettes"
2439:
2433:
2097:
1994:
1827:
1156:
792:
741:
329:
3970:
21 CFR 314.80: Postmarketing Reporting of Adverse Drug Experiences
3344:
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (September 9, 2020).
92:
Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration (July 1927 – July 1930)
8661:
8378:
8348:
6822:
Committee on the Assessment of the US Drug Safety System (2006).
2347:
2335:
1879:
1262:
1246:
1188:
391:
348:
325:
4512:"3 USDA meat inspectors dead, about 145 diagnosed with COVID-19"
1993:, mascara that could cause blindness, and worthless "cures" for
564:
Office of Policy, Legislation, and International Affairs (OPLIA)
8805:
8763:
8333:
4542:"About the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)"
4343:"The FDA recently halted trials on a potential Ebola treatment"
3467:
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (March 17, 2020).
3199:
2088:
1831:
1180:
868:
383:
4727:
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
4399:
2566:
Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act of 2012
2320:
Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act of 2012
2142:
1706:
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. v. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
425:
is the current Commissioner as of 17 February 2022.
8759:
8411:
7946:
7921:
7132:(January 2022). "Medical Algorithms Need Better Regulation".
6454:"Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA) of 2007"
6298:
6097:(Press release). Food and Drug Administration. June 8, 2017.
6095:"FDA requests removal of Opana ER for risks related to abuse"
2284:
reauthorized these provisions and allowed the FDA to request
2192:
1846:
schemes in order to uncover the complex online drug network.
1559:
1286:
treatment being developed by Canadian pharmaceutical company
1283:
1142:
during the period in which they had only been approved under
1049:
9378:
4798:. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. pp. 53–54.
3104:
2464:
1842:
prescription drugs to U.S. consumers. The agency focused on
7941:
7676:
Office of the Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services
5254:
5092:
4832:"Does FDA have the authority to regulate tobacco products?"
4790:
Hill R Jr, Foley P, Clough N, Ludemann L, Murtle D (2013).
4700:"Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA)"
3723:"Regulatory Monitors: Policing Firms in the Compliance Era"
2681:
Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risk
96:
8162:
List of pharmaceutical manufacturers in the United Kingdom
7207:
Online books by United States Food and Drug Administration
6123:
4949:"Big Tobacco Gets Top First Amendment Lawyer for New Suit"
4197:. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. December 20, 2019.
3225:
1408:
FDA scientist prepares blood donation samples for testing.
1199:
Generic drugs are chemical and therapeutic equivalents of
852:
of both the composition and the health benefits of foods.
8656:
7776:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
7112:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
5046:
4092:
4057:
1443:
5066:
4702:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 14, 2023.
4472:
3826:"The New Gatekeepers: Private Firms as Public Enforcers"
3557:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 20, 2019.
2996:
Coordinates of FDA Headquarters at White Oak, Maryland:
2826:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. February 17, 2022.
2186:
649:(OC), the Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA), the
4789:
3801:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. October 19, 2023.
3346:"Full Text of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)"
2390:
38:
For the department concerned with food production, see
8152:
List of off-label promotion pharmaceutical settlements
7036:
5647:
5369:
4767:. U.S. Food and Drug Administ ration. April 11, 2019.
3501:. U.S Food and Drug Administration. February 4, 2020.
3170:. US Food and Drug Administration. November 26, 2021.
2544:
Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997
2278:
Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997
2074:
Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act
1342:
Vaccines, blood and tissue products, and biotechnology
1298:
that began in late March 2014 and ended in June 2016.
890:
The FDA does not approve applied coatings used in the
463:. The agency consists of fourteen Centers and Offices.
316:. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting
7749:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
7624:
United States Department of Health and Human Services
3672:. U.S. Food and Drug Administ ration. June 21, 2022.
2453:
2001:. The resulting proposed law did not get through the
1440:; this authority was transferred to the FDA in 1972.
1221:
resulted from a complaint brought against the FDA by
609:
FDA headquarters facilities are currently located in
7673:
Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services
6811:. U.S. Food and Drug Administ ration. June 10, 2024.
5924:
Journal of the Patent & Trademark Office Society
4145:
The New Book of Knowledge – Medicine And Health
1428:, with additional authority established by the 1944
966:: drugs that are not based on existing medications.
920:
Medical countermeasures (MCMs) are products such as
886:"FDA-Approved" vs. "FDA-Accepted in Food Processing"
710:
620:
9138:
2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak
7781:
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality
7165:
6765:. U.S. Food and Drug Administ ration. May 12, 2023.
6154:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
5011:"Judge Temporarily Blocks Graphic Cigarette Labels"
4571:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
4377:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. May 21, 2020.
4312:"FDA CDER Handbook: Over-the-Counter Drug Products"
4285:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
4237:
Almost 80% of prescription drugs sold are generics.
3983:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
3581:"FDA Approved Coatings vs. FDA Acceptable Coatings"
3228:"Emergency Use Authorization--Archived Information"
3139:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. May 21, 2020.
2700:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
2560:
Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007
2302:
Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007
2276:While this debate was unfolding, Congress used the
2235:
Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007
2199:(NSAID) now estimated to have contributed to fatal
2025:. The law also authorized the FDA to issue minimum
876:
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994
558:
Office of Minority Health and Health Equity (OMHHE)
280:
6554:
6383:
6381:
6267:
6039:"Medicinal Marijuana: A Patient-Driven Phenomenon"
5009:
4914:
4858:"Cigarette Makers, FDA Clash Over New Graphic Ads"
3795:"The Office of Prescription Drug Promotion (OPDP)"
2857:. Food and Drug Administration. February 9, 2011.
2350:costs $ 55,000 for a year of treatment, while the
2055:was marketed for the relief of general nausea and
2029:for all mass-produced foods to reduce food fraud.
1149:
7744:National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
7376:Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
7330:Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
7305:Office of Global Regulatory Operations and Policy
2941:. Food and Drug Administration. August 29, 2014.
1858:FDA lab at Building 64 in Silver Spring, Maryland
1769:
1694:Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
1301:
1219:United States House Energy and Commerce Committee
901:
719:Jamaica, Queens, New York Regional Office - USFDA
9446:
7739:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
6265:
4979:"Tobacco Cos. Get Allies in Warning Label Fight"
4450:"Comirnaty and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine"
4008:
3670:"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | CDER"
3105:Office of Regulatory Affairs (October 7, 2021).
2291:
1849:
6666:
6664:
6378:
6124:Office of the Commissioner (February 8, 2019).
6061:
5814:. University of Arizona Library. Archived from
5426:. Food and Drug Administration. June 18, 2009.
4544:. Food and Drug Administration. March 2, 2017.
3469:"Dietary Supplement Products & Ingredients"
3291:(Press release). Food and Drug Administration.
2650:Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices
2358:costs $ 200,000 per year, and must be taken by
2322:, which extended the authorization until 2017.
1864:carries out research and development activities
829:
693:
7107:
5706:"Milestones in U.S. Food and Drug Law History"
3226:Office of the Commissioner (August 31, 2021).
2915:. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
2745:. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
2377:
2325:
2149:Compassionate Investigational New Drug program
2036:" drugs was securely codified into law by the
1652:According to the industry advocacy group, the
378:The FDA's primary focus is enforcement of the
102:Division of Chemistry, USDA (established 1862)
8298:
7872:
7658:Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services
7608:
7554:Criticism of the Food and Drug Administration
7231:
6880:
6478:
5881:
4280:"Regulation of Nonprescription Drug Products"
3551:"Dietary Supplement Ingredient Advisory List"
3525:"Dietary Supplement Ingredient Advisory List"
2585:1962 – required "proof-of-efficacy" for drugs
2410:Criticism of the Food and Drug Administration
2282:Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act of 2007
1538:. Examples of CDRH-regulated devices include
549:Office of Clinical Policy and Programs (OCPP)
9313:Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
9128:2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak
9027:1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal
7894:Pharmaceutical industry in the United States
7825:Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
7761:Health Resources and Services Administration
7712:Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health
7280:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
7265:Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
7127:
6661:
5990:"FDA report on accelerated approval process"
5915:
5831:"Policy developments in regulatory approval"
4621:"Summary of Cosmetics Labeling Requirements"
4222:"Generic Drugs: Answers to Common Questions"
3555:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
3499:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
2656:Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
2344:Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
1798:
1643:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
1414:Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
1296:major outbreak of the disease in West Africa
1056:
844:and interpreted by the FDA. Pursuant to the
776:
659:Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
523:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
505:Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
242:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
227:Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
9251:United Kingdom food information regulations
7564:History of the Food and Drug Administration
7400:Title 21 of the United States Code (U.S.C.)
6557:"Developing drugs for developing countries"
6349:"David Graham's 2004 testimony to Congress"
5897:. New York, New York: Basic Books. p.
4718:
3887:10.1001/virtualmentor.2013.15.11.hlaw1-1311
3162:
3160:
3158:
2990:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2704:United States: Food and Drug Administration
2662:Central Drugs Standard Control Organization
2382:In 2013, a guidance was issued to regulate
2143:Patients' rights to access unapproved drugs
2133:
1892:History of the Food and Drug Administration
496:Office of the Counselor to the Commissioner
467:
8305:
8291:
8147:List of largest pharmaceutical settlements
7879:
7865:
7734:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
7729:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
7615:
7601:
7295:National Center for Toxicological Research
7270:Center for Devices and Radiological Health
7238:
7224:
7199:
7170:
7110:Food policy: looking forward from the past
6763:"Setting up a WebTrader Account Checklist"
6599:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6414:"Executive Summary of the 2006 IOM Report"
6204:"Abigail Alliance Citizen Petition to FDA"
5698:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5305:
5124:
4916:"FDA Defends New Graphic Cigarette Labels"
4169:"Therapeutic Equivalence of Generic Drugs"
3858:21 CFR 202: Prescription Drug Advertising.
2675:Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency
1520:Center for Devices and Radiological Health
1512:Center for Devices and Radiological Health
655:Center for Devices and Radiological Health
598:Center for Devices and Radiological Health
571:National Center for Toxicological Research
511:Center for Devices and Radiological Health
436:. The agency has 223 field offices and 13
286:
257:National Center for Toxicological Research
232:Center for Devices and Radiological Health
31:"FDA" redirects here. For other uses, see
9089:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
6976:
6582:
6572:
6548:
6535:
6387:
6316:
6266:Boldrin M, Swamidass SJ (July 25, 2011).
5737:"Medical Disasters and the Growth of FDA"
5173:"FDA approves leeches as medical devices"
5148:
4667:
4503:
4425:
4195:"Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)"
4034:
4009:Nelson LS, Loh M, Perrone J (June 2014).
4004:
4002:
3885:
3870:"Direct-to-consumer advertising of drugs"
3867:
3608:
3606:
3315:"Federal Register :: Request Access"
3192:
2549:FDA Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011
2244:
1950:, chief advocate of the Food and Drug Act
1629:Learn how and when to remove this message
1494:Learn how and when to remove this message
1392:Learn how and when to remove this message
1256:
1172:Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies
1107:Learn how and when to remove this message
1020:Learn how and when to remove this message
555:Office of Food Policy and Response (OFPR)
493:Office of the Executive Secretariat (OES)
428:The FDA's headquarters is located in the
9460:1906 establishments in the United States
9133:2018 Australian strawberry contamination
8995:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident
8312:
7799:Administration for Children and Families
7722:Public Health Service Commissioned Corps
7088:
6555:Ridley DB, Grabowski HG, Moe JL (2006).
5771:
5676:"History of FDA's Internal Organization"
4794:. In Roth J, Richt J, Morozov I (eds.).
4569:"CDRH Mission, Vision and Shared Values"
4250:"F.D.A. Details Problems at Drug Makers"
3914:"Off-Label Drug Use in Cancer Treatment"
3755:
3286:
3155:
2842:
2766:
2764:
2428:, funding, and independence of the FDA.
2042:
1942:
1853:
1732:claiming that the graphic labels are an
1505:
1403:
940:
714:
680:
591:
450:
9470:Government agencies established in 1906
9103:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
7275:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
6809:"ESG Appendix F: AS2 Header Attributes"
6522:
6361:from the original on September 25, 2012
6341:
6010:
5686:from the original on September 24, 2020
5616:
5573:
5561:from the original on September 17, 2021
5525:
5130:
5074:"510(k) Premarket Notification K033391"
4367:
4201:from the original on September 23, 2020
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
3823:
3799:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
3720:
3531:from the original on September 25, 2020
3527:. U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
3356:from the original on September 12, 2018
3027:FDA Headquarters at White Oak, Maryland
2128:
1692:with authority established by the 2009
1678:United States Department of Agriculture
1530:to complex devices such as implantable
1251:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
1211:
1162:While this remains the primary tool of
955:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
947:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
651:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
517:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
475:Department of Health and Human Services
461:Department of Health and Human Services
320:through the control and supervision of
314:Department of Health and Human Services
237:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
214:Department of Health and Human Services
114:Federal government of the United States
40:United States Department of Agriculture
14:
9447:
9118:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning
8695:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
7649:Secretary of Health and Human Services
7093:. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
7065:
6708:from the original on September 4, 2015
6513:
6238:
5869:from the original on November 27, 2018
5828:
5734:
5007:
4912:
4894:from the original on September 9, 2012
4838:from the original on November 14, 2017
4771:from the original on December 12, 2019
4724:
4631:from the original on December 13, 2019
4509:
4219:
4171:. Food and Drug Administration. 1998.
3999:
3902:from the original on January 31, 2024.
3776:from the original on December 11, 2019
3603:
3375:Yadin S (2019). "Regulatory Shaming".
3174:from the original on February 24, 2022
2668:Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
1663:
1654:American Council on Science and Health
1444:Medical and radiation-emitting devices
1324:(PPE), in vitro diagnostic equipment,
1261:Over-the-counter (OTC) are drugs like
771:
499:Office of Digital Transformation (ODT)
419:Secretary of Health and Human Services
409:, appointed by the President with the
9480:National agencies for drug regulation
8286:
7860:
7596:
7219:
7193:Works by Food and Drug Administration
7017:
6947:
6797:. U.S. Food and Drug Administ ration.
6682:from the original on January 12, 2015
6184:from the original on October 14, 2017
6101:from the original on November 4, 2017
5948:from the original on February 2, 1998
5921:
5753:from the original on October 10, 2011
5629:from the original on January 14, 2023
5544:
5460:from the original on October 21, 2020
5430:from the original on January 14, 2012
5424:"About Science & Research at FDA"
5378:from the original on February 7, 2019
5245:from the original on January 22, 2017
5183:from the original on January 14, 2023
4989:from the original on January 12, 2015
4888:"Overview: Cigarette Health Warnings"
4706:from the original on January 22, 2024
4483:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
4340:
4142:
3924:from the original on January 14, 2023
3840:from the original on October 28, 2020
3805:from the original on October 23, 2023
3702:from the original on November 1, 2013
3676:from the original on January 14, 2023
3650:from the original on January 28, 2021
3471:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
3448:from the original on January 14, 2023
3401:
3377:Environmental Law (Lewis & Clark)
3374:
3268:from the original on January 14, 2023
3117:from the original on January 14, 2023
2893:from the original on November 1, 2013
2761:
2187:Post-marketing drug safety monitoring
9475:Regulators of biotechnology products
9409:
9297:Institute for Food Safety and Health
9037:Australian meat substitution scandal
9005:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959
8781:Arsenic contamination of groundwater
7340:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
6649:from the original on January 6, 2022
6390:"Panel: FDA needs more power, funds"
5887:
5287:
4868:from the original on October 8, 2011
4649:
4460:from the original on August 14, 2021
4375:"Emergency Use Authorizations - FDA"
4129:
4095:International Journal of Dermatology
3207:from the original on January 3, 2023
3056:from the original on October 9, 2020
3050:National Capital Planning Commission
2873:
2626:Marketed Health Products Directorate
2391:Electronic Submissions Gateway (ESG)
2197:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2018:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
1763:ultimately could decide the matter.
1611:adding citations to reliable sources
1582:
1476:adding citations to reliable sources
1447:
1434:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
1374:adding citations to reliable sources
1345:
1089:adding citations to reliable sources
1060:
1002:adding citations to reliable sources
973:
846:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
755:
671:National Capital Planning Commission
567:Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS)
380:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
367:emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics,
9429:
9285:Food Information and Control Agency
8059:Pharmaceutical sales representative
7813:Administration for Community Living
7803:Administration for Native Americans
6924:from the original on March 19, 2022
6911:
6305:The New England Journal of Medicine
6132:from the original on April 22, 2019
6049:from the original on March 17, 2015
5598:from the original on March 16, 2015
5506:Vaccines: Past, Present, and Future
5492:from the original on June 23, 2014.
5241:(Press release). February 4, 2011.
5133:"Age-old therapy gets new approval"
5054:from the original on March 20, 2018
4959:from the original on April 11, 2015
4812:from the original on August 1, 2020
4656:International Journal of Toxicology
4355:from the original on August 6, 2014
4260:from the original on March 13, 2017
4175:from the original on April 29, 2012
3620:from the original on April 22, 2019
3614:"What are Medical Countermeasures?"
3561:from the original on April 16, 2020
3408:Yale Journal on Regulation Bulletin
3143:from the original on April 21, 2020
3086:from the original on April 23, 2019
3076:"White Oak Campus Project Schedule"
2978:from the original on April 21, 2020
2939:"About the FDA Organization Charts"
2861:from the original on April 21, 2016
2830:from the original on March 21, 2022
2804:from the original on March 22, 2015
2620:National Health Surveillance Agency
2308:. The system was first proposed by
1815:Under the RCC mandate, the FDA and
1791:The FDA also requires that milk be
1749:Association of National Advertisers
1683:
1544:airport baggage screening equipment
765:pay fees to expedite drug reviews.
540:Oncology Center of Excellence (OCE)
24:
8183:Pharmaceutical industry by country
8092:The Truth About the Drug Companies
6940:
6893:from the original on April 9, 2022
6619:from the original on March 6, 2016
6388:Henderson D (September 23, 2006).
6269:"A New Bargain for Drug Approvals"
6075:from the original on July 19, 2018
5513:from the original on June 27, 2023
5404:from the original on July 14, 2020
5213:from the original on April 4, 2021
4761:"Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy"
4601:from the original on March 7, 2015
3505:from the original on April 3, 2020
3295:from the original on July 24, 2018
3238:from the original on June 15, 2020
2945:from the original on July 22, 2015
2554:FDA Fast Track Development Program
2539:Drug Efficacy Study Implementation
2169:Abigail Alliance v. von Eschenbach
1873:
1421:(BLA), similar to that for drugs.
1336:Food Safety and Inspection Service
1277:
969:
824:Consumer Product Safety Commission
747:
730:Title 18 of the United States Code
676:
440:located across the 50 states, the
417:. The Commissioner reports to the
25:
9491:
9302:International Food Safety Network
9226:International Food Safety Network
8947:Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
8897:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
8624:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic
7841:Child Welfare Information Gateway
7300:Office of Criminal Investigations
7157:
7146:10.1038/scientificamerican0122-10
6991:Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
6460:from the original on May 25, 2009
6280:from the original on July 9, 2017
5716:from the original on May 21, 2009
5680:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
5656:from the original on May 12, 2009
5509:. National Academies Press (US).
5454:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
5137:Advances in Skin & Wound Care
5112:from the original on July 1, 2015
5080:from the original on July 9, 2021
5022:from the original on July 9, 2017
4929:from the original on July 9, 2017
4625:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
4522:from the original on May 19, 2020
4487:from the original on May 12, 2020
4381:from the original on May 17, 2020
3737:from the original on June 4, 2020
3646:. Washington, D.C. June 8, 2016.
3475:from the original on May 28, 2020
3418:from the original on May 18, 2019
3325:from the original on June 5, 2023
2972:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
2778:from the original on June 2, 2023
2370:did not include biologics in the
2334:, and other conditions have been
725:Office of Criminal Investigations
711:Office of Criminal Investigations
621:White Oak Federal Research Center
490:Office of the Chief Counsel (OCC)
262:Office of Criminal Investigations
18:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
9428:
9418:
9408:
9399:
9398:
9387:
9377:
9307:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
9143:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal
9074:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
9069:ICA meat repackaging controversy
8267:
8266:
8157:List of pharmaceutical companies
8001:American Pharmacists Association
7888:
7693:
7313:
6996:Library of Economics and Liberty
6905:
6874:
6815:
6801:
6787:
6769:
6755:
6720:
6704:. Food and Drug Administration.
6694:
6631:
6507:
6472:
6456:. Food and Drug Administration.
6446:
6406:
6292:
6259:
6232:
6196:
6170:
6144:
6128:. Food and Drug Administration.
6117:
6087:
6031:
6004:
5982:
5960:
5934:
5822:
5804:
5765:
5728:
5652:. Food and Drug Administration.
5594:. Food and Drug Administration.
5374:. Food and Drug Administration.
5150:10.1097/00129334-200501000-00003
4890:. Food and Drug Administration.
4834:. Food and Drug Administration.
4597:. Food and Drug Administration.
4548:from the original on May 9, 2017
3698:. Food and Drug Administration.
2886:. Food and Drug Administration.
2800:. Food and Drug Administration.
2614:Therapeutic Goods Administration
2577:Investigational Device Exemption
2534:Biosecurity in the United States
2499:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2372:Abbreviated New Drug Application
2191:The widely publicized recall of
2159:in 1978, creating a program for
2078:Abbreviated New Drug Application
1726:Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company
1674:bovine spongiform encephalopathy
1587:
1452:
1350:
1206:Abbreviated New Drug Application
1194:
1065:
978:
916:Biosecurity in the United States
552:Office of External Affairs (OEA)
54:
9246:Quality Assurance International
9153:Food safety incidents in Taiwan
9123:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat
9017:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster
8932:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
6950:Journal of Public Health Policy
6069:"The Rise and Fall of Laetrile"
5668:
5641:
5610:
5496:
5472:
5442:
5416:
5390:
5363:
5331:
5261:
5225:
5195:
5165:
5034:
5001:
4971:
4941:
4913:Koppel N (September 12, 2011).
4906:
4880:
4850:
4824:
4783:
4753:
4692:
4643:
4613:
4587:
4561:
4534:
4442:
4393:
4334:
4304:
4272:
4242:
4213:
4187:
4086:
4051:
3973:
3964:
3936:
3906:
3861:
3852:
3817:
3787:
3749:
3714:
3688:
3662:
3632:
3573:
3543:
3517:
3487:
3460:
3430:
3395:
3368:
3337:
3307:
3280:
3250:
3219:
3186:
3129:
3098:
3068:
3038:
2960:
2104:in the 1990s and 2000s. Though
1753:American Advertising Federation
1641:Cosmetics are regulated by the
1598:needs additional citations for
1570:"FDA-Cleared" vs "FDA-Approved"
1463:needs additional citations for
1361:needs additional citations for
1164:post-market safety surveillance
1150:Post-market safety surveillance
1076:needs additional citations for
989:needs additional citations for
816:Drug Enforcement Administration
734:Federal Bureau of Investigation
635:General Services Administration
604:
202:, Principal Deputy Commissioner
9275:European Food Safety Authority
9148:Food safety incidents in China
8985:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
8952:Water fluoridation controversy
8022:Contract research organization
7807:Office of Refugee Resettlement
7582:Commissioner of Food and Drugs
7364:Title 21 regulations and rules
7350:Prescription Drug User Fee Act
7290:Center for Veterinary Medicine
6795:"Food and Drug Administration"
4765:Center for Veterinary Medicine
4060:Journal of Clinical Lipidology
2931:
2905:
2855:"White Oak Campus Information"
2816:
2790:
2735:
2715:
2446:companies in Washington, D.C.
1960:Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
1902:U.S. Department of Agriculture
1823:ingredients (GC 2013-01-10)."
1782:In June 2004, the FDA cleared
1770:Regulation of living organisms
1730:Washington, D.C. federal court
1670:Center for Veterinary Medicine
1302:Coronavirus (COVID-19) testing
936:
902:Medical countermeasures (MCMs)
785:
663:Center for Veterinary Medicine
578:Office of Women's Health (OWH)
535:Center for Veterinary Medicine
407:Commissioner of Food and Drugs
252:Center for Veterinary Medicine
13:
1:
7771:National Institutes of Health
7717:Office of the Surgeon General
7345:Food Safety Modernization Act
7108:Obenchain J, Spark A (2016).
7022:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
6962:10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200032
6702:"Mobile Medical Applications"
5100:"FDA_K033391_ClearanceLetter"
5008:Esterl M (November 8, 2011).
4015:Journal of Medical Toxicology
3868:Weinmeyer R (November 2013).
3193:LaMattina J (June 28, 2018).
3168:"Fact Sheet: FDA at a Glance"
2824:"Robert M. Califf M.D., MACC"
2728:
2292:Priority review voucher (PRV)
2110:Compassionate Use Act of 1996
2003:Congress of the United States
1930:Biologics Control Act of 1902
1850:Science and research programs
1438:National Institutes of Health
1432:. Along with these Acts, the
1419:Biologics License Application
1322:personal protective equipment
820:Customs and Border Protection
459:and the Office of Regulatory
9455:Food and Drug Administration
9280:Food and Drug Administration
8962:Food contamination incidents
7985:Food and Drug Administration
7756:Food and Drug Administration
7247:Food and Drug Administration
7178:Food and Drug Administration
6828:. National Academies Press.
6612:. Public Law. July 9, 2012.
5994:Food and Drug Administration
5972:Food and Drug Administration
5710:Food and Drug Administration
5648:Office of the Commissioner.
5370:Office of the Commissioner.
4418:10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.025
4316:Food and Drug Administration
3721:Van Loo R (August 1, 2018).
3696:"New Drug Application (NDA)"
3287:Gottlieb S (June 19, 2018).
2772:"FY 2022 FDA Budget Request"
2687:Food and Drug Administration
2579:(for use in clinical trials)
2403:
2051:Outside of the US, the drug
1940:who had contracted tetanus.
1807:and Canadian Prime Minister
1803:In February 2011, President
1578:
830:Food and dietary supplements
700:Office of Regulatory Affairs
694:Office of Regulatory Affairs
639:Washington metropolitan area
544:Office of Regulatory Affairs
480:Food and Drug Administration
442:United States Virgin Islands
298:Food and Drug Administration
267:Office of Regulatory Affairs
49:Food and Drug Administration
27:United States federal agency
7:
9334:Food and drink prohibitions
9108:Bihar school meal poisoning
9032:United Kingdom BSE outbreak
8990:1900 English beer poisoning
8344:Antibiotic use in livestock
8076:The Billion-Dollar Molecule
8017:Clinical research associate
7846:National Toxicology Program
7680:Office of Inspector General
7637:Hubert H. Humphrey Building
7285:Center for Tobacco Products
6013:Canadian Journal of History
5942:"ACT UP/NY Chronology 1988"
5592:"FDA History — Part I"
3824:Van Loo R (April 1, 2020).
3762:, Oxford University Press,
3319:unblock.federalregister.gov
3046:"FDA White Oak Master Plan"
2449:
2384:mobile medical applications
2378:Mobile medical applications
2326:Rules for generic biologics
2306:neglected tropical diseases
2119:on June 8, 2017, to remove
2106:Virginia passed legislation
1910:Copyright and Patent Clause
1510:FDA Building 62 houses the
1328:and other medical devices.
1318:emergency use authorization
1144:Emergency Use Authorization
945:FDA Building 51 houses the
685:The Arkansas Laboratory in
661:(CBER) and offices for the
596:FDA Building 66 houses the
587:
529:Center for Tobacco Products
455:FDA Building 31 houses the
247:Center for Tobacco Products
10:
9496:
9329:Curing (food preservation)
8402:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
6375:Retrieved August 30, 2012.
6126:"Critical Path Initiative"
5744:Independent Policy Reports
5735:Hamowy R (February 2010).
4739:10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.04.001
4341:Kliff S (August 3, 2014).
4220:Saling J (March 5, 2024).
4072:10.1016/j.jacl.2016.10.007
3644:Homeland Preparedness News
3137:"Buildings and Facilities"
2968:"Buildings and Facilities"
2743:"FDA Centennial 1906–2006"
2407:
2352:enzyme replacement therapy
2027:food standards of identity
1965:United States Pharmacopeia
1889:
1885:
1305:
1282:In 2014, the FDA added an
1187:has a REMS program called
905:
833:
738:Assistant Attorney General
647:Office of the Commissioner
485:Office of the Commissioner
457:Office of the Commissioner
29:
9465:American medical research
9372:
9359:Genetically modified food
9321:
9259:
9211:Food labeling regulations
9183:
9079:2008 Chinese milk scandal
8960:
8882:
8829:
8758:
8708:
8680:
8642:
8531:
8439:
8387:
8320:
8264:
8215:Pharmaceutical companies
8208:
8170:
8134:
8067:
8009:
7993:
7977:
7899:
7833:
7791:
7702:
7691:
7667:Secretariat staff offices
7666:
7630:
7577:
7559:FDA Most Wanted Fugitives
7546:
7410:
7394:
7382:
7370:
7363:
7335:Modernization Act of 1997
7322:
7311:
7257:
5894:How We Got Here: The '70s
5829:Temple R (October 2002).
5790:10.1017/S0007680521000726
5772:Frohlich X (March 2022).
4669:10.1080/10915810600746049
4027:10.1007/s13181-013-0374-z
3438:"What does FDA regulate?"
3258:"Inspection Observations"
3016:39.0353363°N 76.9830894°W
2798:"Animal Food & Feeds"
2694:Health Sciences Authority
2644:European Medicines Agency
2583:Kefauver Harris Amendment
2122:oxymorphone hydrochloride
2065:Kefauver-Harris Amendment
2038:Durham-Humphrey Amendment
2014:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1932:was put in place after a
1799:International Cooperation
1536:electromagnetic radiation
1430:Public Health Service Act
1057:Advertising and promotion
933:that could require MCMs.
931:public health emergencies
812:Department of Agriculture
777:Emergency approvals (EUA)
561:Office of Operations (OO)
365:electromagnetic radiation
275:
219:
209:
183:
169:
161:
119:
109:
85:
67:
62:
53:
9221:Food safety in Australia
8417:High-fructose corn syrup
6574:10.1377/hlthaff.25.2.313
5617:cirmweb (June 4, 2012).
5545:Swann JP (Summer 2006).
4510:Carney J (May 5, 2020).
2708:
2608:African Medicines Agency
2134:Critical Path Initiative
1954:In June 1906, President
1122:Federal Trade Commission
892:food processing industry
468:Organizational structure
9201:Acceptable daily intake
9113:2013 horse meat scandal
8554:Clostridium perfringens
8027:Pharmaceutical industry
7927:Alexion Pharmaceuticals
7818:Administration on Aging
7792:Human services agencies
6516:FDA Seminar, Copenhagen
6420:. Books.nap.edu. 2007.
6274:The Wall Street Journal
6245:. Heartland Institute.
6239:Madden BJ (July 2010).
5778:Business History Review
5016:The Wall Street Journal
4922:The Wall Street Journal
3021:39.0353363; -76.9830894
2638:Danish Medicines Agency
2298:priority review voucher
2213:Congressional committee
2115:When the FDA requested
1914:Harvey Washington Wiley
1223:Mylan Laboratories Inc.
896:Polytetrafluoroethylene
631:Silver Spring, Maryland
434:Silver Spring, Maryland
369:animal foods & feed
124:Silver Spring, Maryland
99:(July 1901 – July 1927)
73:; 118 years ago
9269:Centre for Food Safety
9084:2008 Irish pork crisis
8786:Benzene in soft drinks
8116:Anatomy of an Epidemic
7952:Amylin Pharmaceuticals
7355:Pure Food and Drug Act
7051:10.1001/jama.2013.7900
6493:10.1001/jama.2011.1457
5835:Statistics in Medicine
5650:"Laws Enforced by FDA"
5456:. September 11, 2019.
4985:. September 19, 2011.
4983:Convenience Store News
4864:. September 22, 2011.
4256:. September 12, 1989.
2300:is a provision of the
2245:Pediatric drug testing
2048:
1951:
1859:
1844:transaction laundering
1515:
1409:
1257:Over-the-counter drugs
964:new molecular entities
950:
842:United States Congress
720:
690:
641:, its headquarters in
615:Prince George's County
601:
464:
405:The FDA is led by the
9291:Food Standards Agency
9241:Organic certification
9236:Nutrition facts label
8980:Esing Bakery incident
8768:environment pollution
7957:ARIAD Pharmaceuticals
7766:Indian Health Service
7704:Public Health Service
7513:Andrew von Eschenbach
7388:Federal Register (FR)
7211:The Online Books Page
6881:Bottemiller Evich H.
6643:MIT Technology Review
6639:"The Avastin Paradox"
6180:. September 9, 2016.
3591:on September 11, 2013
3495:"Dietary Supplements"
3264:. November 21, 2022.
2524:Adverse drug reaction
2421:Institute of Medicine
2271:New Drug Applications
2217:Institute of Medicine
2215:was appointed by the
2061:Frances Oldham Kelsey
2046:
1946:
1857:
1509:
1426:Biologics Control Act
1407:
1233:and in violations of
944:
906:Further information:
718:
684:
595:
454:
400:assisted reproduction
146:39.03528°N 76.98306°W
95:Bureau of Chemistry,
9060:2006 North American
8718:Acesulfame potassium
8547:Campylobacter jejuni
8441:Intestinal parasites
8314:Consumer food safety
7468:Alexander M. Schmidt
6442:on October 25, 2012.
6402:on October 23, 2012.
6318:10.1056/NEJMoa050493
6216:on February 21, 2007
6025:10.3138/cjh.44.3.467
5978:on November 1, 2013.
5275:on February 19, 2011
5209:. January 26, 2022.
4406:Drug Discovery Today
4292:on February 26, 2018
4147:. pp. 276–281.
3404:"Shaming Big Pharma"
2431:A 2022 article from
2129:21st-century reforms
2117:Endo Pharmaceuticals
2007:Elixir Sulfanilamide
1958:signed into law the
1795:to remove bacteria.
1698:U.S. Surgeon General
1607:improve this article
1548:television receivers
1472:improve this article
1370:improve this article
1314:coronavirus pandemic
1270:'s supervision like
1268:medical practitioner
1212:Generic drug scandal
1155:reports through its
1085:improve this article
1038:Trump administration
1034:new drug application
998:improve this article
926:pharmaceutical drugs
763:pharmaceutical firms
705:Federal court system
345:pharmaceutical drugs
33:FDA (disambiguation)
9364:Conspiracy theories
8917:Heterocyclic amines
8821:Shellfish poisoning
7994:Professional bodies
7912:Acorda Therapeutics
7907:Abbott Laboratories
7547:Society and culture
7483:Arthur H. Hayes Jr.
7443:Charles W. Crawford
7134:Scientific American
7072:Heartland Institute
6158:on January 25, 2018
5351:on February 9, 2019
5319:on November 8, 2014
4955:. August 18, 2011.
4456:. January 3, 2022.
3920:. January 1, 2014.
3830:Virginia Law Review
3756:Stegenga J (2018),
3727:Faculty Scholarship
3444:. October 7, 2022.
3082:. October 8, 2015.
3011: /
2596:Food Administration
2572:Inverse benefit law
2362:patients for life.
2342:, regulated by the
2340:biotechnology drugs
2332:autoimmune diseases
2166:A 2006 court case,
1898:Vaccine Act of 1813
1728:have filed suit in
1718:Commonwealth Brands
1664:Veterinary products
861:dietary supplements
772:Regulatory programs
687:Jefferson, Arkansas
396:human sperm donated
373:veterinary products
334:dietary supplements
151:39.03528; -76.98306
142: /
50:
9022:Toxic oil syndrome
8975:Swill milk scandal
8801:Diethylstilbestrol
8473:Diphyllobothriasis
8209:Related categories
7917:Adolor Corporation
7463:Charles C. Edwards
7433:Walter G. Campbell
7371:Administrative law
7066:Madden BJ (2010).
6986:David R. Henderson
6741:10.1039/C3LC51235E
6538:Widener Law Review
5682:. March 14, 2019.
5131:Sherman R (2005).
4627:. August 2, 2018.
4254:The New York Times
3874:The Virtual Mentor
2974:. April 27, 2020.
2919:on August 10, 2010
2155:ruled in favor of
2151:was created after
2049:
1971:National Formulary
1956:Theodore Roosevelt
1952:
1860:
1785:Hirudo medicinalis
1761:U.S. Supreme Court
1688:The FDA regulates
1516:
1410:
1292:Fast Track program
1239:Par Pharmaceutical
951:
721:
691:
602:
465:
411:advice and consent
357:blood transfusions
353:biopharmaceuticals
296:The United States
86:Preceding agencies
71:June 30, 1906
48:
9442:
9441:
9349:Food preservation
9158:Foodborne illness
8710:Sugar substitutes
8463:Cryptosporidiosis
8445:parasitic disease
8359:HGH controversies
8326:food contaminants
8280:
8279:
8171:Related templates
7978:Regulatory bodies
7962:Avax Technologies
7854:
7853:
7590:
7589:
7448:George P. Larrick
7428:Charles A. Browne
7406:
7405:
7119:978-1-4398-8025-8
7089:Moore TJ (1998).
7081:978-1-934791-32-5
7018:Hilts PJ (2003).
6843:978-0-309-10304-6
6781:Aayu Technologies
6487:(14): 1595–1596.
6435:978-0-309-10304-6
6311:(11): 1092–1102.
6252:978-1-934791-32-5
6045:. June 14, 2010.
5908:978-0-465-04195-4
5841:(19): 2939–2948.
5818:on July 29, 2010.
5551:Chemical Heritage
5301:on July 29, 2013.
5255:National Archives
5179:. June 28, 2004.
4805:978-3-318-02366-4
4575:on April 22, 2019
4154:978-0-7172-8244-9
4107:10.1111/ijd.13950
3987:on April 22, 2019
3769:978-0-19-874704-8
2442:and influence of
2426:regulatory powers
2360:Gaucher's disease
2161:medical marijuana
2157:Robert C. Randall
2102:medical marijuana
2034:prescription-only
2023:fraudulent intent
1920:journalists like
1639:
1638:
1631:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1140:COVID-19 vaccines
1117:
1116:
1109:
1036:(NDA). Under the
1030:
1029:
1022:
756:Scope and funding
611:Montgomery County
294:
293:
184:Agency executives
16:(Redirected from
9487:
9432:
9431:
9422:
9412:
9411:
9402:
9401:
9394:Drink portal
9392:
9391:
9390:
9382:
9381:
9293:(United Kingdom)
9042:Jack in the Box
9013:
9000:Minamata disease
8912:Food irradiation
8892:4-Hydroxynonenal
8740:Sodium cyclamate
8583:Escherichia coli
8575:Escherichia coli
8307:
8300:
8293:
8284:
8283:
8270:
8269:
7893:
7892:
7881:
7874:
7867:
7858:
7857:
7697:
7696:
7617:
7610:
7603:
7594:
7593:
7518:Margaret Hamburg
7493:David A. Kessler
7453:James L. Goddard
7368:
7367:
7317:
7316:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7217:
7216:
7203:
7182:Federal Register
7174:
7169:
7168:
7166:Official website
7152:
7123:
7104:
7085:
7062:
7033:
6999:
6994:(1st ed.).
6973:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6909:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6865:
6861:
6859:
6851:
6850:on July 2, 2010.
6846:. Archived from
6819:
6813:
6812:
6805:
6799:
6798:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6773:
6767:
6766:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6668:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6635:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6618:
6611:
6603:
6597:
6596:
6586:
6576:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6533:
6520:
6519:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6450:
6444:
6443:
6438:. Archived from
6410:
6404:
6403:
6398:. Archived from
6395:The Boston Globe
6385:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6360:
6353:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6320:
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6285:
6271:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6215:
6209:. Archived from
6208:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6137:
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6114:
6108:
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6091:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6008:
6002:
6001:
6000:on May 25, 2009.
5996:. Archived from
5986:
5980:
5979:
5974:. Archived from
5964:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5885:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5847:10.1002/sim.1298
5826:
5820:
5819:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5752:
5741:
5732:
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5723:
5721:
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5695:
5693:
5691:
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5661:
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5636:
5634:
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5607:
5605:
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5571:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5542:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5488:. June 7, 2014.
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5446:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5347:. Archived from
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5265:
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5258:
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5250:
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5220:
5218:
5199:
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5192:
5190:
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5119:
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5111:
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4884:
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4854:
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4821:
4819:
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4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4757:
4751:
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4733:(5): 1005–1012.
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4529:
4527:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4429:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4318:. Archived from
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4284:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4140:
4127:
4126:
4101:(9): 1035–1046.
4090:
4084:
4083:
4066:(6): 1288–1296.
4055:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4006:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3889:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3759:Medical Nihilism
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3587:. Archived from
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3402:Yadin S (2019).
3399:
3393:
3392:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3164:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2851:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2739:
2722:
2719:
2698:United Kingdom:
2642:European Union:
2568:(GAIN/QIDP etc.)
2514:Adverse reaction
2504:
2503:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2418:
2368:Hatch-Waxman Act
2259:informed consent
2230:health insurance
2228:, hospital, and
2174:US Supreme Court
2057:morning sickness
1734:unconstitutional
1690:tobacco products
1684:Tobacco products
1634:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1591:
1583:
1532:neurostimulators
1499:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1456:
1448:
1397:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1354:
1346:
1308:COVID-19 testing
1112:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1069:
1061:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1005:
982:
974:
342:over-the-counter
290:
285:
282:
178:
175:
157:
156:
154:
153:
152:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
81:
79:
74:
58:
51:
47:
43:
36:
21:
9495:
9494:
9490:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9485:
9484:
9445:
9444:
9443:
9438:
9388:
9386:
9384:Food portal
9376:
9368:
9317:
9255:
9216:Food libel laws
9179:
9007:
8956:
8922:Modified starch
8884:Food processing
8878:
8825:
8754:
8704:
8700:Sodium benzoate
8676:
8638:
8633:Vibrio cholerae
8527:
8498:Gnathostomiasis
8483:Fasciolopsiasis
8435:
8383:
8374:Mercury in fish
8316:
8311:
8281:
8276:
8260:
8204:
8166:
8130:
8063:
8005:
7989:
7973:
7895:
7887:
7885:
7855:
7850:
7829:
7787:
7698:
7694:
7689:
7662:
7626:
7621:
7591:
7586:
7573:
7542:
7508:Lester Crawford
7423:Carl L. Alsberg
7418:Harvey W. Wiley
7402:
7390:
7383:Federal journal
7378:
7359:
7318:
7314:
7309:
7253:
7244:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7155:
7120:
7101:
7082:
7070:. Chicago: The
7030:
6943:
6941:Further reading
6938:
6937:
6927:
6925:
6910:
6906:
6896:
6894:
6879:
6875:
6863:
6862:
6853:
6852:
6844:
6820:
6816:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6775:
6774:
6770:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6725:
6721:
6711:
6709:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6685:
6683:
6670:
6669:
6662:
6652:
6650:
6637:
6636:
6632:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6553:
6549:
6534:
6523:
6512:
6508:
6477:
6473:
6463:
6461:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6436:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6351:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6297:
6293:
6283:
6281:
6264:
6260:
6253:
6237:
6233:
6227:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6197:
6187:
6185:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6161:
6159:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6135:
6133:
6122:
6118:
6104:
6102:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6052:
6050:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6009:
6005:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5951:
5949:
5940:
5939:
5935:
5920:
5916:
5909:
5886:
5882:
5872:
5870:
5827:
5823:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5770:
5766:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5739:
5733:
5729:
5719:
5717:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5689:
5687:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5659:
5657:
5646:
5642:
5632:
5630:
5623:The Stem Cellar
5615:
5611:
5601:
5599:
5590:
5589:
5574:
5564:
5562:
5543:
5526:
5516:
5514:
5501:
5497:
5485:Washington Post
5478:
5477:
5473:
5463:
5461:
5448:
5447:
5443:
5433:
5431:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5407:
5405:
5400:. The Paypers.
5396:
5395:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5368:
5364:
5354:
5352:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5322:
5320:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5278:
5276:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5248:
5246:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5216:
5214:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5186:
5184:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5129:
5125:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5081:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5025:
5023:
5006:
5002:
4992:
4990:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4930:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4895:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4869:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4815:
4813:
4806:
4788:
4784:
4774:
4772:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4723:
4719:
4709:
4707:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4650:Ross G (2006).
4648:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4604:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4551:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4525:
4523:
4508:
4504:
4490:
4488:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4398:
4394:
4384:
4382:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4358:
4356:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4322:on May 12, 2009
4310:
4309:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4263:
4261:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4230:
4228:
4218:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4178:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4141:
4130:
4091:
4087:
4056:
4052:
4007:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3952:
3950:
3948:Tampa Bay Times
3942:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3880:(11): 954–958.
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3843:
3841:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3777:
3770:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3400:
3396:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2948:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2749:on May 24, 2016
2741:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2606:African Union:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2462:
2454:
2452:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2393:
2380:
2328:
2310:Duke University
2294:
2263:legal liability
2247:
2189:
2153:Randall v. U.S.
2145:
2136:
2131:
2082:pharmacokinetic
1948:Harvey W. Wiley
1926:Progressive Era
1894:
1888:
1876:
1874:Data management
1852:
1801:
1776:medical maggots
1772:
1741:First Amendment
1686:
1666:
1635:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1604:
1592:
1581:
1572:
1552:microwave ovens
1540:cellular phones
1524:medical devices
1500:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1469:
1457:
1446:
1398:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1367:
1355:
1344:
1310:
1304:
1280:
1278:Ebola treatment
1259:
1214:
1197:
1168:clinical trials
1152:
1113:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1082:
1070:
1059:
1026:
1015:
1009:
1006:
995:
983:
972:
970:New medications
939:
918:
904:
888:
838:
832:
788:
779:
774:
758:
750:
748:Other locations
713:
696:
679:
677:Field locations
633:. In 2001, the
623:
607:
590:
585:
470:
388:cellular phones
361:medical devices
347:(medications),
279:
271:
205:
200:Namandjé Bumpus
176:
173:
150:
148:
144:
141:
136:
133:
131:
129:
128:
127:
105:
77:
75:
72:
63:Agency overview
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9493:
9483:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9436:
9426:
9416:
9406:
9396:
9373:
9370:
9369:
9367:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9339:Food marketing
9336:
9331:
9325:
9323:
9322:Related topics
9319:
9318:
9316:
9315:
9310:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9288:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9265:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9197:
9195:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9177:
9176:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9057:
9048:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8966:
8964:
8958:
8957:
8955:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8907:Food additives
8904:
8899:
8894:
8888:
8886:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8835:
8833:
8827:
8826:
8824:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8772:
8770:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8731:
8730:
8720:
8714:
8712:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8686:
8684:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8648:
8646:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8636:
8629:
8621:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8579:
8571:
8564:
8557:
8550:
8543:
8537:
8535:
8533:Microorganisms
8529:
8528:
8526:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8503:Paragonimiasis
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8468:Cyclosporiasis
8465:
8460:
8455:
8449:
8447:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8433:
8432:
8431:
8421:
8420:
8419:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8393:
8391:
8389:Food additives
8385:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8364:Lead poisoning
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8330:
8328:
8318:
8317:
8310:
8309:
8302:
8295:
8287:
8278:
8277:
8265:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8251:
8249:United Kingdom
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8212:
8210:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8202:
8197:
8196:
8195:
8190:
8188:United Kingdom
8180:
8174:
8172:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8142:Lists of drugs
8138:
8136:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8128:
8120:
8112:
8104:
8096:
8088:
8084:Mad in America
8080:
8071:
8069:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8061:
8056:
8055:
8054:
8052:United Kingdom
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8024:
8019:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8006:
8004:
8003:
7997:
7995:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7987:
7981:
7979:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7971:
7964:
7959:
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7663:
7661:
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7651:
7645:Xavier Becerra
7641:
7640:
7634:Headquarters:
7631:
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7627:
7620:
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7612:
7605:
7597:
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7566:
7561:
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7550:
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7544:
7543:
7541:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7528:Scott Gottlieb
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7503:Mark McClellan
7500:
7498:Jane E. Henney
7495:
7490:
7488:Frank E. Young
7485:
7480:
7475:
7473:Donald Kennedy
7470:
7465:
7460:
7458:Herbert L. Ley
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7438:Paul B. Dunbar
7435:
7430:
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7412:
7408:
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7204:
7190:
7187:Strategic Plan
7184:
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7159:
7158:External links
7156:
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7125:
7118:
7105:
7099:
7086:
7080:
7063:
7034:
7028:
7015:
6974:
6956:(4): 450–468.
6944:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6904:
6873:
6842:
6834:10.17226/11750
6814:
6800:
6786:
6777:"AS2 Protocol"
6768:
6754:
6735:(5): 833–840.
6719:
6693:
6660:
6630:
6598:
6567:(2): 313–324.
6561:Health Affairs
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6426:10.17226/11750
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6019:(3): 467–488.
6003:
5981:
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5933:
5914:
5907:
5880:
5821:
5803:
5784:(1): 145–176.
5764:
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5238:whitehouse.gov
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4662:(4): 269–277.
4642:
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4392:
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4021:(2): 165–172.
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2881:"FDA Overview"
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2408:Main article:
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1981:By the 1930s,
1922:Upton Sinclair
1906:itself derived
1890:Main article:
1887:
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1872:
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1809:Stephen Harper
1800:
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1560:laser products
1556:tanning booths
1502:
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1460:
1458:
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1400:
1399:
1358:
1356:
1349:
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1316:, FDA granted
1306:Main article:
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857:food additives
834:Main article:
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310:federal agency
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220:Child agencies
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197:
187:
185:
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179:billion (2022)
171:
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121:
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107:
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26:
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9344:Food politics
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9320:
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9311:
9309:(South Korea)
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9173:United States
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9094:2011 Germany
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9058:
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9051:1996 Odwalla
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8682:Preservatives
8679:
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8672:Methamidophos
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8521:
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8516:
8514:
8513:Toxoplasmosis
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
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8456:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8430:
8427:
8426:
8425:
8424:Vegetable oil
8422:
8418:
8415:
8414:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
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8308:
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8296:
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8275:
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8263:
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8254:United States
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8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
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8214:
8213:
8211:
8207:
8201:
8200:Public health
8198:
8194:
8193:United States
8191:
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8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8010:Miscellaneous
8008:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7992:
7986:
7983:
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7980:
7976:
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7913:
7910:
7908:
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7902:
7898:
7891:
7882:
7877:
7875:
7870:
7868:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7836:
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7826:
7823:
7819:
7816:
7815:
7814:
7811:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7797:
7796:
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7782:
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7669:
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7655:
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7613:
7611:
7606:
7604:
7599:
7598:
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7580:
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7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7545:
7539:
7538:Robert Califf
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7523:Robert Califf
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7478:Jere E. Goyan
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
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7449:
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7436:
7434:
7431:
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7426:
7424:
7421:
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7416:
7415:
7413:
7411:Commissioners
7409:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
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7369:
7366:
7362:
7356:
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7325:
7321:
7306:
7303:
7301:
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7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
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7273:
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7268:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7251:United States
7248:
7241:
7236:
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7229:
7227:
7222:
7221:
7218:
7212:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7198:
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7151:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7115:
7111:
7106:
7102:
7100:0-684-82998-3
7096:
7092:
7087:
7083:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7035:
7031:
7029:0-375-40466-X
7025:
7021:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6997:
6993:
6992:
6987:
6983:
6979:
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6959:
6955:
6951:
6946:
6945:
6923:
6920:. Food Dive.
6919:
6915:
6908:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6877:
6869:
6857:
6849:
6845:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6827:
6826:
6818:
6810:
6804:
6796:
6790:
6782:
6778:
6772:
6764:
6758:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6729:Lab on a Chip
6723:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6667:
6665:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6634:
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6502:
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6455:
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2411:
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2242:
2238:
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2222:biostatistics
2218:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:heart attacks
2198:
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2177:
2175:
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2099:
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2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
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1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
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1856:
1847:
1845:
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1821:antihistamine
1818:
1817:Health Canada
1813:
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1806:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1786:
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1722:Liggett Group
1719:
1715:
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1710:R.J. Reynolds
1707:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1675:
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1661:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1647:Cosmeceutical
1644:
1633:
1630:
1622:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1596:This section
1594:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
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1525:
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1498:
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1467:
1466:
1461:This section
1459:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1406:
1396:
1393:
1385:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1359:This section
1357:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:antitrust law
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1195:Generic drugs
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1111:
1108:
1100:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1074:This section
1072:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1024:
1021:
1013:
1003:
999:
993:
992:
987:This section
985:
981:
976:
975:
967:
965:
961:
956:
948:
943:
934:
932:
927:
923:
917:
913:
909:
899:
897:
893:
883:
879:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
851:
847:
843:
837:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
800:
796:
794:
783:
769:
766:
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753:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
717:
708:
706:
701:
688:
683:
674:
672:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
618:
616:
612:
599:
594:
577:
572:
569:
568:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
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498:
495:
492:
489:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
477:
476:
473:
472:
462:
458:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
423:Robert Califf
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:public health
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
289:
284:
278:
274:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
222:
218:
215:
212:
210:Parent agency
208:
201:
198:
196:
192:
191:Robert Califf
189:
188:
186:
182:
172:
170:Annual budget
168:
165:18,000 (2022)
164:
160:
155:
125:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
101:
98:
94:
91:
90:
88:
84:
70:
66:
61:
57:
52:
46:
41:
34:
19:
9354:Food quality
9279:
9261:Institutions
9095:
9061:
9052:
9043:
8927:Nitrosamines
8690:Benzoic acid
8652:Chlorpyrifos
8631:
8625:
8616:
8599:
8582:
8574:
8566:
8559:
8552:
8545:
8523:Trichuriasis
8508:Toxocariasis
8478:Enterobiasis
8354:Formaldehyde
8271:
8122:
8114:
8108:Side Effects
8106:
8098:
8090:
8082:
8074:
7984:
7966:
7755:
7635:
7533:Stephen Hahn
7246:
7197:Open Library
7149:
7137:
7133:
7124:</ref>
7109:
7090:
7067:
7045:(2): 202–4.
7042:
7038:
7019:
6989:
6953:
6949:
6926:. Retrieved
6918:fooddive.com
6917:
6907:
6895:. Retrieved
6889:. Politico.
6887:politico.com
6886:
6876:
6848:the original
6824:
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6732:
6728:
6722:
6710:. Retrieved
6696:
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6675:
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6642:
6633:
6623:November 19,
6621:. Retrieved
6601:
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6448:
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6156:the original
6146:
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6089:
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6063:
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6042:
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5936:
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5743:
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5563:. Retrieved
5554:
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5176:
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5143:(1): 12–15.
5140:
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5094:
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5068:
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5045:
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4882:
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4861:
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3798:
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3730:
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3589:the original
3585:DECC Company
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3145:. Retrieved
3131:
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3110:
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3079:
3070:
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3049:
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2992:
2980:. Retrieved
2971:
2962:
2954:
2947:. Retrieved
2933:
2921:. Retrieved
2917:the original
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2875:
2863:. Retrieved
2832:. Retrieved
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2751:. Retrieved
2747:the original
2737:
2717:
2589:
2588:
2562:(e.g. drugs)
2432:
2430:
2413:
2398:
2394:
2381:
2364:
2329:
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2070:
2050:
2031:
2011:
1999:tuberculosis
1980:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1953:
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1877:
1861:
1825:
1814:
1805:Barack Obama
1802:
1790:
1783:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1757:Richard Leon
1745:Floyd Abrams
1738:
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1702:
1687:
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1625:
1616:
1605:Please help
1600:verification
1597:
1573:
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1490:
1481:
1470:Please help
1465:verification
1462:
1423:
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1379:
1368:Please help
1363:verification
1360:
1330:
1311:
1281:
1260:
1243:
1231:racketeering
1215:
1198:
1185:isotretinoin
1161:
1153:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1103:
1094:
1083:Please help
1078:verification
1075:
1046:
1041:
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991:verification
988:
963:
952:
919:
912:Bioterrorism
889:
880:
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805:generic drug
801:
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617:, Maryland.
608:
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479:
438:laboratories
427:
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338:prescription
305:
301:
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195:Commissioner
120:Headquarters
110:Jurisdiction
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9434:WikiProject
9271:(Hong Kong)
9008: [
8970:Devon colic
8844:Breast milk
8816:Nonylphenol
8791:Bisphenol A
8728:controversy
8595:Hepatitis E
8590:Hepatitis A
8568:Enterovirus
8561:Cronobacter
8518:Trichinosis
8488:Fasciolosis
8458:Anisakiasis
8429:controversy
8322:Adulterants
8244:Switzerland
7654:Andrea Palm
7395:Federal law
6978:Henninger D
6912:Doering C.
6864:|work=
6676:GovTrack.us
6188:October 14,
6105:October 26,
5757:January 14,
5633:January 14,
5557:(2): 6–11.
5517:January 14,
5408:February 8,
5382:February 8,
5355:February 8,
5217:January 14,
5187:January 14,
4872:October 13,
4775:February 4,
4710:January 21,
4635:December 4,
4464:October 27,
4264:February 7,
3928:January 14,
3844:October 25,
3809:October 23,
3741:October 10,
3680:January 14,
3595:October 23,
3452:January 14,
3360:January 14,
3329:January 14,
3272:January 14,
3121:January 14,
3107:"About OCI"
3019: /
2782:January 14,
2692:Singapore:
2612:Australia:
2556:(for drugs)
2529:Biosecurity
2211:In 2006, a
2053:thalidomide
2016:signed the
1988:radioactive
1868:impediments
1793:pasteurized
1619:August 2019
1484:August 2019
1382:August 2019
1326:ventilators
1312:During the
1176:thalidomide
1097:August 2019
1010:August 2019
937:Medications
908:Biosecurity
865:amino acids
807:companies.
786:Regulations
740:, and even
446:Puerto Rico
398:for use in
322:food safety
149: /
9449:Categories
9185:Regulation
9168:death toll
8937:Shortening
8902:Acrylamide
8831:Food fraud
8811:Mycotoxins
8644:Pesticides
8618:Salmonella
8493:Giardiasis
8453:Amoebiasis
8397:Flavorings
8124:Bad Pharma
8100:Big Pharma
8032:Bangladesh
7323:Major acts
7189:(archived)
7130:El-Sayed A
6982:"Drug Lag"
6653:January 6,
6584:10161/7017
6365:August 30,
6162:August 30,
5930:: 602–620.
5690:October 3,
5464:October 3,
4898:August 30,
4579:August 30,
4326:October 9,
4296:August 30,
4179:August 30,
3991:October 9,
3836:(2): 467.
3733:(2): 369.
3211:January 3,
3060:October 3,
3025: (
3006:76°58′59″W
3003:39°02′07″N
2982:October 3,
2897:August 30,
2729:References
2012:President
1983:muckraking
1934:diphtheria
1918:muckraking
1528:toothbrush
1266:without a
1227:Pittsburgh
1201:name-brand
960:excipients
874:Under the
822:, and the
782:pandemic.
332:products,
328:products,
137:76°58′59″W
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9231:ISO 22000
9193:watchdogs
9189:standards
9163:outbreaks
9064:outbreaks
8942:Trans fat
8854:Olive oil
8776:Aflatoxin
8750:Sucralose
8735:Saccharin
8723:Aspartame
8667:Malathion
8612:Rotavirus
8607:Norovirus
8219:Australia
7900:Companies
7258:Divisions
7140:(1): 10.
7013:163149563
7005:317650570
6928:April 18,
6866:ignored (
6856:cite book
6712:March 14,
6686:March 14,
6464:March 14,
6284:August 3,
6220:March 11,
6079:March 14,
6053:March 14,
5952:March 14,
5798:0007-6805
5602:March 14,
5450:"openFDA"
5026:August 3,
4993:March 14,
4963:March 14,
4933:August 4,
4605:March 14,
4359:August 4,
3780:April 20,
2923:April 10,
2834:March 20,
2808:March 14,
2648:Germany:
2636:Denmark:
2404:Criticism
1991:beverages
1908:from the
1840:antiviral
1714:Lorillard
1579:Cosmetics
1417:called a
1272:ibuprofen
1133:off-label
1131:The term
922:biologics
643:Rockville
627:White Oak
430:White Oak
162:Employees
9424:Cookbook
9404:Category
9206:E number
9098:outbreak
9055:outbreak
9046:outbreak
8796:Dieldrin
8745:Sorbitol
8601:Listeria
8541:Botulism
8369:Melamine
8339:Aldicarb
8273:Category
8178:Medicine
8047:Pakistan
7937:Allergan
7932:Alkermes
7834:Programs
7128:Shah S,
7059:23839755
7009:50016270
6980:(2002).
6970:16392744
6922:Archived
6897:April 4,
6891:Archived
6749:24425070
6706:Archived
6680:Archived
6647:Archived
6614:Archived
6593:16522573
6501:21990303
6458:Archived
6356:Archived
6327:15713943
6278:Archived
6182:Archived
6130:Archived
6099:Archived
6073:Archived
6047:Archived
5946:Archived
5891:(2000).
5873:June 19,
5867:Archived
5863:24779317
5855:12325110
5748:Archived
5714:Archived
5684:Archived
5654:Archived
5627:Archived
5596:Archived
5559:Archived
5511:Archived
5490:Archived
5458:Archived
5428:Archived
5402:Archived
5376:Archived
5243:Archived
5211:Archived
5181:Archived
5177:NBC News
5159:15716781
5107:Archived
5078:Archived
5058:April 4,
5052:Archived
5020:Archived
4987:Archived
4957:Archived
4927:Archived
4892:Archived
4866:Archived
4862:Fox News
4836:Archived
4816:June 30,
4810:Archived
4769:Archived
4747:23890234
4704:Archived
4686:21904805
4678:16815815
4629:Archived
4599:Archived
4546:Archived
4520:Archived
4516:CBS News
4485:Archived
4458:Archived
4436:33253920
4379:Archived
4353:Archived
4258:Archived
4199:Archived
4173:Archived
4115:29508918
4080:27919344
4045:24414251
3922:Archived
3900:Archived
3896:24257087
3838:Archived
3803:Archived
3774:archived
3735:Archived
3700:Archived
3674:Archived
3654:June 15,
3648:Archived
3624:June 15,
3618:Archived
3565:April 2,
3559:Archived
3529:Archived
3509:April 2,
3503:Archived
3479:April 2,
3473:Archived
3446:Archived
3416:Archived
3354:Archived
3323:Archived
3299:June 20,
3293:Archived
3266:Archived
3236:Archived
3205:Archived
3172:Archived
3141:Archived
3115:Archived
3084:Archived
3054:Archived
2976:Archived
2949:July 19,
2943:Archived
2888:Archived
2859:Archived
2828:Archived
2802:Archived
2776:Archived
2679:Mexico:
2630:Canada:
2624:Canada:
2618:Brazil:
2506:Medicine
2450:See also
2444:big food
2440:lobbying
2434:Politico
2356:Cerezyme
2098:laetrile
1995:diabetes
1912:. Under
1904:, which
1862:The FDA
1836:oncology
1828:Interpol
1751:and the
1743:lawyer,
1157:MedWatch
850:labeling
793:Form 483
742:Interpol
629:area of
588:Location
432:area of
349:vaccines
330:caffeine
134:39°2′7″N
9414:Commons
9287:(Spain)
9096:E. coli
9062:E. coli
9053:E. coli
9044:E. coli
8864:Seafood
8764:poisons
8662:Lindane
8626:E. coli
8585:O157:H7
8577:O104:H4
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3262:Fda.gov
3147:May 20,
2865:May 12,
2774:. FDA.
2673:Japan:
2666:Japan:
2660:India:
2654:India:
2456:Portals
2348:Avastin
2338:-based
2336:protein
2180:Critics
1968:or the
1886:History
1880:OpenFDA
1290:to the
1288:Tekmira
1263:aspirin
1247:Dyazide
1189:iPLEDGE
869:enzymes
665:(CVM).
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413:of the
392:condoms
326:tobacco
312:of the
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8760:Toxins
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5519:2023
5466:2020
5436:2011
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5325:2013
5281:2011
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4328:2007
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3708:2012
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3656:2016
3626:2016
3597:2013
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2951:2015
2925:2010
2899:2012
2867:2017
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2470:Food
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