495:
455:, Vali goes to fight the demon Mayavi in a cave and instructs Sugriva to close the door of the cave if blood flows out from the cave, implying that he has been killed, but if milk flows out, it indicates that Mayavi is dead. After a year of combat, the dying demon turns the colour of his milky blood to red by sorcery. Sugriva believes that Vali is dead and closes the only opening to the cave. Sugriva also appropriates—sometimes interpreted as marriage—Vali's "widow" Tara. After Vali returns, rejecting Sugriva's explanation, he exiles Sugriva and not only re-acquires Tara but also seizes Ruma, Sugriva's wife, in retaliation. While Vali's act of usurping Ruma when her husband is alive is universally criticized by the
510:, when Sugriva re-challenges Vali for combat, Tara suggests that "appearances are deceptive" and normally, a combatant would not return so soon to a fight again after a decisive defeat. Having heard of the growing friendship between Sugriva and Rama, she cautions Vali. She urges him to forgive Sugriva, to anoint him as the crown prince, as a diplomatic move, and live peacefully with him, and also befriend the exalted Rama. Tara begs Vali to act on her advice, but acknowledging Tara's love and devotion, Vali argues that a warrior like him cannot refuse a challenge; despite this, he promises to not kill Sugriva, but just crush his pride.
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574:, some interpolations elaborate Tara's lament. Tara mentions the hardships of widowhood and prefers death to it. She blames Rama for unjustly killing Vali and tells him that if they had forged an alliance, Vali could have helped him recover Sita. Tara invokes the power of her chastity and curses Rama so that he will soon lose Sita after he regains her. She declares that Sita will return to the earth. The curse also appears in the North-western Indian manuscripts. In several vernacular adaptations of the
540:
486:, they are taken to the exiled Sugriva. Rama forms an alliance with Sugriva, whom he will help; in order to defeat Vali and regain his wife Ruma and his kingship. In return, Sugriva will aid in the search for Sita. As agreed, Sugriva challenges is unable to distinguish between the two fighters and Sugriva loses the contest. Rama explains his predicament to Sugriva and tells him to re-challenge Vali, but this time, Rama garlands Sugriva to differentiate him from Vali.
773:, it is Tara, not Ruma in whom Sugriva is engrossed when Lakshmana arrives. The South Indian manuscripts portray the drunk Sugriva, who is engrossed in lustful revel as being ignorant of Lakshmana's anger and sending Tara to pacify him, in some versions, even though she is drunk. Though intoxicated with "half-closed eyes and unsteady gait", Tara manages to disarm Lakshmana. The intoxication of Tara is also described in the original
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648:, while Tara wails over the death of Vali, Rama preaches to her, saying that the body is ephemeral, while only the soul is eternal; he tells her she should not grieve over the decay of Vali's body. Tara questions him asking "if the body is destructible, why does one feel pleasure and pain". Rama informs her that due to
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according to some critics, that Tara's relationship to
Sugriva is neither widow re-marriage nor polyandry, but simply appropriation by Sugriva. In the references of the coronation of Sugriva as king, Angada is also described as the heir-apparent crown prince, while Tara is mentioned as Sugriva's wife. The
639:
asks Rama to kill her and lead her to Vali. Rama consoles Tara, saying that she should accept the preordained destiny. Rama guarantees her that her rights and those of Angada will be protected and that she will enjoy "continued comfort". He tells her that a wife of a hero should not hold personal sorrow.
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does not record any formal marriage or any ritual purification—like the trial by fire Sita had to undergo when she is reacquired by Rama from Ravana—that Tara must undertake to marry
Sugriva or return to Vali following his return from the dead. The lack of the description of formal marriage suggests,
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Hanuman consoles Tara, telling her to look towards the future of her son, Angada. Hanuman suggests that Angada be consecrated as king, compensating her loss but Tara declares that since his uncle
Sugriva is alive, it is inadvisable. With his last breath, Vali confesses his folly of abandoning Sugriva
1185:
A confusion of the terms 'chastity' and 'celibacy' has long existed. 'Chastity' — deriving from the Latin 'castitas', meaning 'cleanliness' or 'purity' — does not necessarily mean the renunciation of all sexual relations, but rather the temperate sexual behaviour of legitimately married spouses, for
757:
The rainy season ensues and ends and Rama in despair fears that
Sugriva has forgotten his promise to help him trace and recover Sita. Rama sends Lakshmana to Kishkindha to remind the complacent monarch of his promise to help. Irritated that the city is barricaded, Lakshmana kicks down the city gate
702:
While Vali's acquisition of Ruma— elder brother taking his younger sister-in-law as a wife—is universally condemned; however as in Tara's case, the elder brother's widow marrying her younger brother-in-law seems to be a social norm. Ramashraya Sharma considers that Rama's silence on the marriage of
517:
retelling, when
Sugriva re-challenges Vali, Tara dissuades Vali from going to the fight and points out that Sugriva may have found a protector. Tara, described as lustrous like the moon, is praised by Vali as one who understands the language of all creatures and is astute to clarify her statement.
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Vali dies in the embraces of Tara, who mourns his death in a painful and rebuking speech. According to
Lefeber, Tara's lament has been significantly expanded, if not added completely, over the centuries. In South Indian manuscripts, some later interpolations elaborate Tara's lament, in which Tara
566:
Ignoring Tara's sound advice, Vali engages in combat with
Sugriva. While fighting, Rama shoots an arrow at Vali from behind, fatally wounding him. The news of Vali's death reaches Tara; she rushes to him with Angada. She sees monkeys running in terror on the way. They advise her to go back to the
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palace and consecrate Angada as the king. Tara refuses and says that she needs to see her husband first, leading them back to Vali. Embracing the dying Vali, Tara laments his death while reproaching
Sugriva and Rama. Tara accepts Vali's death as punishment for seizing Ruma and exiling Sugriva.
681:
version portrays her as trying to stabilize the kingdom after Vali's death in her arms. She declares that "With his last breath, King Vali begs you, his faithful subjects, to follow his brother as your rightful king." Angada cremates Vali, aided in the funeral rites by Tara and
Sugriva.
518:
Tara warns him about
Sugriva's alliance with Rama and the plotting of Vali's death at the hands of Sugriva and his advisers. Vali not only disregards Tara's advice but also suspects Tara of cheating on him with Sugriva. Vali leaves, speaking harshly to Tara.
254:, Rama's brother, who was about to destroy Kishkinda in retribution for Sugriva's perceived treachery. After this incident, Tara is only mentioned in passing references, as the Queen of Sugriva, as the story moves from Kishkindha to the climactic battle in
674:, but it is curtailed to just two verses and is possibly borrowed from the former text. Rama says that the body is perishable, but the soul is immortal and listening to this, the enlightened Tara bows to Rama and gains the boon of supreme devotion.
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was tempted by pleasure, Sugriva—a mere forest-dwelling monkey—is fatigued by his past hardships and is relaxing, but not partaking in carnal pleasures. Tara informs Sugriva that Vali told her that Ravana is a mighty king with several
216:. She marries Vali. After Vali is presumed dead in a battle with a demon, his brother Sugriva becomes king and appropriates Tara; however, Vali returns and regains Tara and exiles his brother, accusing him of treachery.
466:, Sugriva (Sugriwa) presumes Vali dead. The gods crown Sugriva the king of Kishkinda and grant him, Tara, as a reward for aiding his "dead" brother. Vali returns and instigated by Ravana, seizes Tara and the kingdom.
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and threatens to destroy Sugriva and the monkey kingdom with his divine power. Lakshmana is unable to tolerate Sugriva breaking his vow to Rama, enjoying material and sensual pleasures, while Rama suffers alone.
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in his service. She reminds Lakshmana that without an ally like Sugriva, Rama cannot defeat such a powerful foe. Tara informs him that Sugriva has summoned all monkey commanders and troops to the capital. The
623:"Tara is ... thoroughly knowledgeable about deciding subtle matters and about various portents. Whatever she says is right should be done without doubt, for nothing Tara believes turns out to be otherwise."
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presents Tara as a woman, intensely loved and respected by Vali, her husband. Her regard is so great that her counsel to Vali sometimes has a commanding tone. Pradip Bhattacharya, author of the book
730:
by Nahesh Bhatt(Ramavarma) justifies Sugriva's marriage to Tara since Sugriva was her dead husband's brother. It further states that Tara should remarry as she did not belong to the first three
761:
When the agitated Lakshamana—reaching the inner chambers of Sugriva and his harem—reproaches Sugriva for being ungrateful to Rama and forgetting his promise, the critical edition of the
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Pacified by Tara and praised further by Sugriva, Lakshmana begs for Sugriva's pardon for abusing him. It is only through the diplomatic intervention of Tara that the crisis is averted.
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however, Angada criticizes Sugriva for his lustful marriage to his elder sister-in-law Tara, who is like a mother to him. Though a political marriage, Tara serves Sugriva loyally.
777:, but in a different context. Tara is described as having made it a habit to visit Sugriva always in a tipsy state, before indulging in the "new pleasures of love".
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narrates: Tara says that Sugriva is mindful that through Rama, Sugriva has gained the kingship, Ruma and herself. She defends Sugriva saying that even great sage
703:
Tara and Sugriva does not signal non-acceptance of the act, but rather that he is not concerned with the issue of the sexual relations of the loose charactered
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and was young. Tara's action of taking Sugriva as her husband after Vali's death is seen as her attempt to secure the futures of Angada and the kingdom.
798:
also presents a similar description, where Tara, Angada and Hanuman are sent by Sugriva to calm Lakshmana. In a condensed one-verse description, the
351:, the gods tire and request Vali to help in the churning. When Vali just starts churning, Tara rises from the ocean and thus is gifted to Vali.
462:
In the wayang variant, Vali (Subali) goes to battle the demon brother-rulers of Kishkinda, Jatasura and Lembusura, in the cave. Similar to the
246:
Sugriva returns to the throne but spends his time carousing and fails to act on his promise to assist Rama in recovering his kidnapped wife,
601:
421:
289:), include verses describing principal monkeys created by various deities. Vali and Sugriva are described as sons of the king of the gods,
239:
and its later adaptations emphasize Tara's lamentation. While in most vernacular versions, Tara casts a curse on Rama by the power of her
494:
1604:
Freeman, Rich (2001). "Thereupon Hangs a Tail: the Deification of Vali in the Teyyam Worship of Malabar". In Richman, Paula (ed.).
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says that Tara and Hanuman were dispatched by Sugriva and were successful in appeasing Lakshmana by singing Rama's praises. In the
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400:, there is a reference to Vali and Sugriva fighting over an unnamed woman, who the mythologist Bhattacharya believes to be Tara.
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describes Tara as "a woman of unusual intelligence, foresight and confidence." Tara's devotion to her husband is also praised.
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and the wayang tradition also tells that Tara was married to Sugriva (Sugriwa) initially, but appropriated by Vali (Subali).
525:, Tara warns about Rama's plans to kill Vali. However, Vali dismisses her warning as unfounded, arguing that Rama, a man of
43:
Lakshmana Meets with Tara (leftmost), her husband Sugriva (2nd from left) and Hanuman (rightmost) in the Palace of Kishkinda
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Stewart, Tony K.; Dimock, Edward C. (2001). "Krittibasa's Apochatic Critique of Rama's Kingship". In Richman, Paula (ed.).
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Tara's intelligence, presence of mind, courage and devotion to her husband Vali is praised. She is extolled as one of the
2015:
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says that the gods give Vali and Sugriva a trident and Tara respectively, but Vali grabs Tara too and marries her. The
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states that Tara is given to Vali and Sugriva as a reward for helping the gods. A Tamil folk tale tells that after the
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When Sugriva challenges Vali to a duel, Tara wisely advises Vali not to accept because of the former's alliance with
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Vali requests Rama to take care that Tara is not insulted and advises Sugriva to unquestioningly follow her advice.
250:. Tara—now Sugriva's queen and chief diplomat—is then instrumental in reconciling Rama with Sugriva after pacifying
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and be emancipated from the bondage of life. Having heard his sermon, and because she had been devoted to him in a
551:
captures the scene of Valli's death. Tara, depicted with a monkey face, is seated at his feet, lamenting his death.
806:, though not Sugriva's consort, Tara pacifies Lakshamana. The usual epithet of Tara, lustrous as the moon, in the
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describes her as a woman "treated like an equal and her opinion mattered as if she were one of the lieutenants."
810:, signifies her white clothes, the sign of a widow. Lakshmana is reminded of his own widowed mother seeing Tara.
531:, would not shoot him when he and Sugriva are in a duel. Vali leaves, promising Tara that he will slay Sugriva.
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mentions that Sugriva indulges in sexual pleasures of women, including Ruma and Tara, who he coveted. In the
589:, Tara's curse is reiterated. Apart from the usual curse to Rama of his separation from Sita, in the Bengali
852:: the five virgins or maidens, in this daily morning prayer. Tara, with Ahalya and Mandodari, belong to the
1694:
Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
664:, Tara thus becomes free of egoism and undergoes self-realization. This discourse of Rama also appears in
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654:(egoism) the mind is chained in bondage to desires. He declares that Tara will remain untouched by
563:, where the whole work is summarized, the lamentation of Tara is mentioned as a significant event.
279:, Tara is addressed by Vali as the daughter of the vanara physician Sushena. Some versions of the
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commentators, they excuse Sugriva's taking of Tara, as his wife, as he believed she was widowed.
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1673:. The Ramayana Of Valmiki: An Epic Of Ancient India. Vol. 4. Motilal Banarsidass.
1631:. The Ramayana Of Valmiki: An Epic Of Ancient India. Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass.
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Queen of Kishkindha and wife of the monkey (vanara) King Vali in Hindu epic Ramayana
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Devika, V.R. (October 29, 2006). "Women of substance: Tara : Unsung heroine".
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emerged, Tara rises and is given as a common wife to both Vali and Sugriva. In the
369:. Her siblings include a sister called Dewi Tari, the consort of the demon-king of
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states that Tara voluntarily intervenes to calm the wrath of Lakshmana. In some
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states that Tara first weds Vali, some Ramayana adaptations sometimes present a
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of Kataka Madhava Yogindra says that this was right as they were animals. The
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Tara pacifies an angry Lakshmana, as a frightened Sugriva hides behind her.
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suggest that it would be right for Sugriva to marry the widowed Tara. The
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After Vali's death, Sugriva acquires Vali's kingdom as well as Tara. The
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Tara is described as the daughter of the monkey physician Sushena in the
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the purpose of procreation, or the sexual continence of the unmarried.
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Tara (right), depicted as a human, wailing with dying Vali in her arms
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wander the forest searching for her. Upon meeting the monkey-warrior
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267:(five women), the recital of whose names is believed to dispel sin.
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957:"Five Holy Virgins, Five Sacred Myths: A Quest for Meaning (Part I)"
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portray Tara as originally Sugriva's wife that Vali snatched. The
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and urges Angada and Tara to support Sugriva. He declares that:
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Devika, V.R. (October 29, 2006). "Women of substance: Ahalya".
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respectively; while Tara is described as the daughter of
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Ganguli, Kisari Mohan (1883–1896). "SECTION CCLXXVIII".
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adaptations and North-western Indian manuscripts of the
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Tara dissuades Vali (centre), as Sugriva challenges him
1754:. Cosmos Publications for Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd.
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The Oxford Companion to the Body, cited at Answers.com
1220:. University of California Press. pp. 254, 259.
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narrate that Vali is reborn as the hunter who kills
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388:relationship between Tara, Vali and Sugriva. The
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1773:. Makers of Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi.
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195:. After being widowed, she becomes the Queen of
1790:A socio-political study of the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa
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1606:Questioning Rāmāyaṇas: a South Asian Tradition
1418:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 139–140.
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595:, Tara additionally curses Rama that in his
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361:puppet tradition, Tara (Dewi Tara) is the
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1820:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
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1315:Tulsidasa's Shri Ramacharitamanasa p. 516
1303:Tulsidasa's Shri Ramacharitamanasa p. 523
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955:Bhattacharya, Pradip (March–April 2004).
474:Wife Sita is kidnapped by the demon-king
301:, the guru of the gods. The 12th century
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1799:Ramāyaṇam as Told by Vālmīki and Kamban
1792:(1 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
1671:The Ramayana Of Valmiki: Kiskindhakanda
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1017:. Harrington Park Press. p. 109.
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448:is born from Tara's marriage to Vali.
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699:declares that Sugriva acquires Tara.
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212:(celestial nymph) who rises from the
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827:Remembering ever the virgins five -
737:In some rare instances like in the
570:In North Indian manuscripts of the
335:churning by the gods and the demons
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1859:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 2008.
1857:Tulsidasa's Shri Ramacharitamanasa
1816:Sudibyoprono, R. Rio, ed. (1991).
1629:The Ramayana Of Valmiki: Balakanda
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844:Destroys the greatest of sins.
365:daughter of Indra and his wife
1735:. Calcutta: Orient Blackswan.
1697:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1610:University of California Press
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873:Panchkanya: Women of Substance
856:, while the rest are from the
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1733:Hindu Women: Normative Models
1712:Meyer, Johann Jakob (1989) .
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1731:Mukherjee, Prabhati (1999).
1716:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
1714:Sexual life in ancient India
187:and the wife of the monkey (
7:
1788:Sharma, Ramashraya (1971).
1769:Rao, I. Panduranga (2000).
1650:The society of the Rāmāyaṇa
1627:Goldman, Robert P. (2007).
1414:Singh, Sarva Daman (1988).
1013:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2002).
543:The miniature panel in the
214:churning of the milky ocean
163:
10:
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1797:Srinivasan, K. S. (2004).
1669:Lefeber, Rosalind (2007).
1416:Polyandry in Ancient India
407:retellings including some
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1818:Ensiklopedi Wayang Purwa
1801:. Abhinav Publications.
1654:. Abhinav Publications.
878:
863:V. R. Devika, author of
718:The commentaries of the
1646:Guruge, Ananda (1991).
1112:. Sacred texts archive.
745:Tara pacifies Lakshmana
478:, Rama and his brother
323:rose, along with other
285:(the first book of the
2785:Vanara in the Ramayana
2726:Sri Ramayana Darshanam
2691:Ramayana Kalpavruksham
2121:
1170:"Chastity: definition"
1003:Sudibyoprono pp. 536–7
846:
754:
635:
625:
552:
499:
2705:Ranganatha Ramayanamu
2120:
1752:The Adhyatma Ramayana
1395:Sharma pp. 97, 99–101
1122:Srinivasan pp. 149–50
820:
752:
633:
621:
615:, Rama's next birth.
542:
497:
2607:Bhanubhakta Ramayana
865:Tara: Unsung heroine
319:state that Tara and
316:Ranganatha Ramayanam
271:Birth and early life
2719:Saptakanda Ramayana
2677:Raghunatha Ramayana
2656:Krittivasi Ramayana
2635:Jagamohana Ramayana
2280:Narantaka-Devantaka
1976:Associated concepts
1750:Nath, Baij (2005).
1471:Lefeber pp. 129–131
1066:Lefeber pp. 42, 157
686:Marriage to Sugriva
592:Krittivasi Ramayana
390:Ranganatha Ramayana
347:drama tradition of
2586:Adhyathmaramayanam
2122:
1564:Mukherjee pp. 48–9
1276:Lefeber pp. 259–60
1240:Lefeber pp. 99–100
1057:Mukherjee pp. 36–7
755:
636:
553:
535:Tara's lamentation
500:
258:to retrieve Sita.
183:) is the Queen of
2772:
2771:
2670:Phra Lak Phra Ram
2628:Hikayat Seri Rama
2593:Adhyatma Ramayana
1991:
1990:
1866:978-81-208-0443-2
1843:Missing or empty
1836:cite encyclopedia
1680:978-81-208-3165-0
1638:978-81-208-3089-9
1619:978-0-520-22074-4
1516:Lefeber pp. 131–2
1459:Lefeber pp. 128–9
1450:Srinivasan p. 159
1354:Lefeber pp. 105–7
1267:Lefeber pp. 102–4
987:Freeman pp. 197–8
800:Ramacharitamanasa
796:Adhyatma Ramayana
697:Adhyatma Ramayana
671:Ramacharitamanasa
645:Adhyatma Ramayana
444:In all versions,
354:According to the
223:—the hero of the
138:
137:
2797:
2663:Maharadia Lawana
2642:Kakawin Ramayana
2621:Bilanka Ramayana
2579:Adbhuta Ramayana
2035:Ikshvaku dynasty
2018:
2011:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1970:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1812:
1793:
1784:
1765:
1746:
1727:
1708:
1684:
1665:
1653:
1642:
1623:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1331:
1316:
1313:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1149:Lefeber pp. 97–8
1147:
1141:
1140:Lefeber pp. 96–7
1138:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1103:
1094:
1093:Lefeber pp. 84–5
1091:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1010:
1004:
1001:
988:
985:
979:
976:
970:
969:
961:
952:
903:
900:
891:
888:
848:Hindus remember
583:Vilanka Ramayana
504:Kishkindha Kanda
416:Narasimha Purana
293:and the sun-god
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
166:
160:
106:Sushena (father)
41:
21:
20:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2752:
2649:Kamba Ramayanam
2600:Ananda Ramayana
2564:
2518:
2477:
2463:Shravana Kumara
2413:Lakshmana rekha
2404:
2397:
2334:
2191:
2123:
2112:
2029:
2022:
1992:
1987:
1971:
1962:
1911:
1909:Hindu mythology
1902:
1867:
1855:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1809:
1781:
1762:
1743:
1724:
1705:
1681:
1662:
1639:
1620:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:Mukherjee p. 36
1554:
1550:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1332:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1178:
1176:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1011:
1007:
1002:
991:
986:
982:
977:
973:
959:
953:
906:
901:
894:
889:
885:
881:
843:
826:
825:
823:
819:
747:
688:
608:Ananda Ramayana
545:Tirupullamangai
537:
492:
472:
273:
180:
177:
174:
171:
120:
109:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2733:Sri Ramayanamu
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2698:Ramcharitmanas
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2514:Oshadhiparvata
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1853:
1826:
1813:
1807:
1794:
1785:
1779:
1766:
1760:
1747:
1741:
1728:
1722:
1709:
1703:
1685:
1679:
1666:
1660:
1643:
1637:
1624:
1618:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1591:Mukherjee p.50
1584:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1507:Nath pp. 182–3
1500:
1491:
1489:Lefeber p. 286
1482:
1473:
1461:
1452:
1440:
1438:Lefeber p. 256
1431:
1424:
1406:
1404:Lefeber p. 115
1397:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1356:
1347:
1317:
1305:
1296:
1294:Nath pp. 168–9
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1249:Lefeber p. 101
1242:
1233:
1226:
1208:
1199:
1197:Lefeber p. 252
1190:
1160:
1158:Lefeber p. 250
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1075:Lefeber p. 243
1068:
1059:
1039:
1030:
1023:
1005:
989:
980:
978:Goldman p. 316
971:
904:
892:
890:Lefeber p. 234
882:
880:
877:
818:
815:
746:
743:
687:
684:
662:previous birth
536:
533:
491:
490:Tara's warning
488:
471:
468:
436:Balinese dance
413:versions, the
272:
269:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
115:
111:
110:
108:
107:
103:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
68:
64:
63:
60:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2802:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2403:Other figures
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Akshayakumara
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1837:
1829:
1827:979-407-341-5
1823:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1808:81-7017-307-8
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1780:81-7201-680-8
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1761:81-7755-895-1
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1742:81-250-1699-6
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1723:81-208-0638-7
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1704:0-8426-0822-2
1700:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1661:81-7017-265-9
1657:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1480:Guruge p. 168
1477:
1468:
1466:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1435:
1427:
1425:81-208-0487-2
1421:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1377:Guruge p. 203
1374:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1229:
1227:0-520-22074-9
1223:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1187:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1131:Goldman p.131
1128:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1034:
1026:
1024:1-56023-181-5
1020:
1016:
1009:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
984:
975:
967:
966:
958:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
899:
897:
887:
883:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
845:
842:
838:
834:
830:
814:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
751:
742:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
700:
698:
693:
683:
680:
675:
673:
672:
667:
663:
659:
658:
653:
652:
647:
646:
640:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
614:
610:
609:
604:
603:
598:
594:
593:
588:
584:
581:
577:
573:
568:
564:
562:
558:
550:
549:Pasupathikoil
546:
541:
532:
530:
529:
524:
519:
516:
511:
509:
505:
496:
487:
485:
481:
477:
470:Death of Vali
467:
465:
460:
458:
454:
449:
447:
442:
440:
437:
433:
432:
428:
424:
423:
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:ocean of milk
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
313:
309:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:
278:
268:
266:
265:
259:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
210:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
165:
156:
152:
148:
147:
143:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
105:
104:
102:
98:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
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2523:Books/Kandas
2499:Dandakaranya
2405:and concepts
2388:Rishyasringa
2255:Dhanyamalini
2187:Makaradhwaja
2156:
2024:
1983:Panchāpsaras
1947:
1856:
1845:|title=
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1693:
1689:Mani, Vettam
1670:
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1582:Sharma p. 83
1578:
1573:Sharma p. 66
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1498:Meyer p. 328
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1258:Sharma p. 73
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1206:Guruge p. 34
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1177:. Retrieved
1173:
1168:Shaw, Jane.
1163:
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724:Amritakataka
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18:
2747:Yama Zatdaw
2614:Bhaṭṭikāvya
2428:Kushadhvaja
2383:Vishvamitra
2373:Parashurama
2310:Shurpanakha
2215:Kumbhakarna
2098:Shrutakirti
1386:Nath p. 178
1368:Sharma p.48
1084:Mani p. 106
968:(141): 7–8.
902:Mani p. 786
858:Mahabharata
850:Panchakanya
839:, Tara and
808:Ramavataram
804:Ramavataram
786:Vishwamitra
739:Ramavataram
587:Sarala Dasa
523:Ramavataram
515:Mahabharata
410:Mahabharata
398:Mahabharata
386:polyandrous
333:during its
307:Ramavataram
264:panchakanya
231:of the god
79:Panchakanya
67:Affiliation
49:Other names
31:Panchakanya
2779:Categories
2545:Kishkindha
2504:Kishkindha
2363:Bharadvaja
2260:Lavanasura
2210:Vibhishana
2078:Shatrughna
2043:Dasharatha
1598:References
817:Commentary
602:Mahanataka
597:next birth
557:Bala Kanda
422:Mahanataka
380:While the
343:). In the
299:Brihaspati
282:Bala Kanda
185:Kishkindha
142:Hindu epic
89:Kishkindha
58:Devanagari
29:Member of
2740:Trai Bhet
2443:Maya Sita
2378:Vasishtha
2358:Arundhati
2300:Sulochana
2250:Mandodari
2073:Lakshmana
1953:Tilottama
1938:Pramlocha
1928:Ghritachi
1545:(48): 52.
1525:Rao p. 58
1344:(48): 46.
1285:Rao p. 57
841:Mandodari
791:rakshasas
578:like the
480:Lakshmana
252:Lakshmana
95:Genealogy
2684:Ramakien
2570:Versions
2473:Shambuka
2468:Vedavati
2438:Manthara
2418:Jambavan
2368:Kambhoja
2325:Trishira
2285:Prahasta
2275:Mayasura
2265:Malyavan
2235:Kabandha
2220:Indrajit
2197:Rakshasa
2048:Kausalya
2026:Ramayana
1691:(1975).
1538:The Week
1337:The Week
1179:17 March
869:Ramayana
854:Ramayana
833:Draupadi
782:Ramayana
775:Ramayana
771:Ramayana
767:Ramayana
763:Ramayana
720:Ramayana
713:Ramayana
709:Ramayana
692:Ramayana
679:Ramayana
666:Tulsidas
651:ahamkara
605:and the
576:Ramayana
572:Ramayana
561:Ramayana
547:Temple,
508:Ramayana
464:Ramayana
457:Ramayana
453:Ramayana
431:Ramakien
419:and the
405:Ramayana
382:Ramayana
356:Javanese
310:and the
287:Ramayana
277:Ramayana
241:chastity
237:Ramayana
225:Ramayana
204:Ramayana
155:Sanskrit
146:Ramayana
129:Children
2764:Ramlila
2757:Related
2712:Reamker
2550:Sundara
2535:Ayodhya
2494:Mithila
2489:Ayodhya
2453:Shabari
2448:Sampati
2393:Valmiki
2348:Agastya
2330:Viradha
2320:Trijata
2270:Maricha
2245:Dushana
2230:Atikaya
2142:Sugriva
2137:Hanuman
2093:Mandavi
2068:Bharata
2058:Kaikeyi
2053:Sumitra
1958:Urvashi
1916:Apsaras
1905:Apsaras
1771:Valmiki
965:Manushi
705:vanaras
642:In the
613:Krishna
555:In the
521:In the
513:In the
506:of the
502:In the
484:Hanuman
451:In the
345:Theyyam
275:In the
227:and an
197:Sugriva
191:) King
172:
140:In the
122:Sugriva
114:Consort
100:Parents
2790:Apsara
2560:Uttara
2555:Yuddha
2540:Aranya
2482:Places
2458:Shanta
2433:Jatayu
2423:Janaka
2353:Ahalya
2315:Tataka
2305:Sumali
2295:Subahu
2290:Sarama
2205:Ravana
2182:Anjana
2177:Kesari
2152:Angada
2129:Vanara
2088:Urmila
1943:Rambha
1933:Menaka
1923:Añjanā
1863:
1824:
1805:
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1720:
1701:
1677:
1658:
1635:
1616:
1422:
1224:
1021:
829:Ahalya
732:castes
728:Tilaka
528:dharma
476:Ravana
446:Angada
439:Kebyar
394:amrita
375:Ravana
367:Wiyati
363:apsara
359:wayang
349:Kerala
340:amrita
326:apsara
312:Telugu
233:Vishnu
229:avatar
209:apsara
189:vanara
133:Angada
75:Apsara
71:Vanara
2509:Lanka
2340:Sages
2240:Khara
2108:Kusha
960:(PDF)
879:Notes
837:Kunti
657:karma
580:Oriya
403:Some
371:Lanka
303:Tamil
295:Surya
291:Indra
256:Lanka
85:Abode
2530:Bala
2172:Nila
2167:Nala
2162:Rumā
2157:Tara
2147:Vali
2103:Lava
2083:Sita
2063:Rama
1948:Tara
1861:ISBN
1849:help
1822:ISBN
1803:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1699:ISBN
1675:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1420:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1181:2010
1019:ISBN
780:The
427:Thai
321:Ruma
248:Sita
221:Rama
193:Vali
178:star
169:lit.
164:Tārā
159:तारा
151:Tara
118:Vali
62:तारा
52:Tārā
24:Tara
1907:in
668:'s
585:by
2781::
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