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property, which we shall call teleonomy. It will be readily seen that, in this or that species situated higher or lower on the animal scale, the achievement of the fundamental teleonomic project (i.e., invariant reproduction) calls assorted, more or less elaborate and complex structures and performances into play. The fact must be stressed that concerned here are not only the activities directly bound up with reproduction itself, but all those that contribute-be it very indirectly-to the species' survival and multiplication. For example, in higher mammals the play of the young is an important element of psychic development and social integration. Therefore this activity has teleonomic value, inasmuch as it furthers the cohesion of the group, a condition for its survival and for the expansion of the species.
277:
according to which organisms are selected. Corning calls this phenomenon "teleonomic selection". Additionally, recent research has demonstrated that mutations are not random with reference to their value to the organism. Monroe and colleagues presented solid evidence that the most important genes undergo fewer mutations. If the phenomenon responsible for making the most important genes undergo fewer mutations remained an enigma, many would easily assume that there is some form of control systems (teleonomy) in the generation of mutations. Assuming this would be incorrect, as the phenomenon responsible for making genes more "protected" from mutations occurs completely automatically, without any teleonomic aspect.
136:; because, the future consequent determines the present antecedent. Purpose, as being both in the beginning and the end, simply rejects teleology, and addresses the time reversal problem. In this, Reese sees no value for teleology and teleonomic concepts in behavior analysis; however, the concept of purpose preserved in process can be useful, if not reified. A theoretical time-dimensional tunneling and teleological functioning of
253:, as variations unwittingly make "predictions" about structures and functions which could successfully cope with the future, and which participate in a process of natural selection that culls the unfit, leaving the fit to the next generation. Information accumulates about functions and structures that are successful, exploiting
205:
If we replace the words ‘in order to escape’ by ‘and thereby escapes’, we leave the important question unanswered as to why the Wood Thrush migrates. The teleonomic form of the statement implies that the goal-directed migratory activity is governed by a program. By omitting this important message the
170:
Rather than reject this idea (as certain biologists have tried to do) it is indispensable to recognise that it is essential to the very definition of living beings. We shall maintain that the latter are distinct from all other structures or systems present in the universe through this characteristic
76:
The biologists long-standing confusion would be removed if all end-directed systems were described by some other term, e.g., 'teleonomic', in order to emphasize that recognition and description of end-directedness does not carry a commitment to
Aristotelian teleology as an efficient causal principle.
75:
Biologists for a while were prepared to say a turtle came ashore and laid its eggs. These verbal scruples were intended as a rejection of teleology but were based on the mistaken view that the efficiency of final causes is necessarily implied by the simple description of an end-directed mechanism. …
237:
Mayr says, 'The existence of complex codes of information in the DNA of the germ plasm permits teleonomic purposiveness. On the other hand, evolutionary research has found no evidence whatsoever for a "goal-seeking" of evolutionary lines, as postulated in that kind of teleology which sees "plan and
222:
Haldane can be found remarking, ‘Teleology is like a mistress to a biologist: he cannot live without her but he’s unwilling to be seen with her in public.’ Today the mistress has become a lawfully wedded wife. Biologists no longer feel obligated to apologize for their use of teleological language;
320:
as essentially recursive in nature. Kant's position is that, even though we cannot know whether there are final causes in nature, we are constrained by the peculiar nature of the human understanding to view organisms teleologically. Thus the
Kantian view sees teleology as a necessary principle for
232:
The concept of teleonomy was largely developed by Mayr and
Pittendrigh to separate biological evolution from teleology. Pittendrigh's purpose was to enable biologists who had become overly cautious about goal-oriented language to have a way of discussing the goals and orientations of an organism's
111:
described the properties of "archeo-purpose" (by natural selection) and "neo-purpose" (by evolved adaptation) in his talk on the "Purpose of
Purpose". Dawkins attributes the brain's flexibility as an evolutionary feature in adapting or subverting goals to making neo-purpose goals on an overarching
268:
In 1962, Grace A. de Laguna's "The Role of
Teleonomy in Evolution" attempted to show how different stages of evolution were characterized by different types of teleonomy. de Laguna points out that humans have oriented teleonomy so that the teleonomic goal is not restricted to the reproduction of
276:
notes that behavior, which is a teleonomic trait, is responsible for the construction of biological niches, which is an agent of selection. Therefore, it would be inaccurate to say that there was no role for teleonomy in the process of evolution, since teleonomy dictates the fitness landscape
928:
Monroe, J. Grey; Murray, Kevin D.; Xian, Wenfei; Srikant, Thanvi; Carbonell-Bejerano, Pablo; Becker, Claude; Lensink, Mariele; Exposito-Alonso, Moises; Klein, Marie; Hildebrandt, Julia; Neumann, Manuela; Kliebenstein, Daniel; Weng, Mao-Lun; Imbert, Eric; Ågren, Jon (July 2023).
359:. It has extended beneath biology to be applied in the context of chemistry. Some philosophers of biology resist the term and still employ "teleology" when analyzing biological function and the language used to describe it, while others endorse it.
123:
distinction between purposefulness (having an internal determination) and purposiveness (serving or effecting a useful function). Reese implies that non-teleological statements are called teleonomic when they represent an "if A then C" phenomenon's
233:
behaviors without inadvertently invoking teleology. Mayr was even more explicit, saying that while teleonomy certainly operates on the level of organisms, the process of evolution itself is necessarily non-teleonomic.
870:
Monroe JG, Srikant T, Carbonell-Bejerano P, Becker C, Lensink M, Exposito-Alonso M, Klein M, Hildebrandt J, Neumann M, Kliebenstein D, Weng ML, Imbert E, Ågren J, Rutter MT, Fenster CB, Weigel D (2022).
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views of evolution. Their recent rehabilitation is evident in teleonomy, which bears a number of features, such as the description of organisms, that are reminiscent of the
Aristotelian conception of
112:
evolutionary archeo-purpose. Language allows groups to share neo-purposes, and cultural evolution - occurring much faster than natural evolution - can lead to conflict or collaborations.
293:
as the tendency for individual things to persist in existence, meaning the pursuit of stability within the internal relations between their individual parts, in a similar way to
1086:
Lifson S (May 1987). "Chemical selection, diversity, teleonomy and the second law of thermodynamics. Reflections on Eigen's theory of self-organization of matter".
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and a related theory of world-history, adopted the concept of teleonomy as the fundamental organizing principle for directional processes and his theory of
22:
is the quality of apparent purposefulness and of goal-directedness of structures and functions in living organisms brought about by natural processes like
38:, where the latter is understood as a purposeful goal-directedness brought about through human or divine intention. Teleonomy is thought to derive from
997:
On the
Resistance to Entropic Elevation of Genetic Information: The Solution to the Non-Randomness of Mutations With Reference to Their Essentiality
84:
cited
Pittendrigh and criticized him for not making a "clear distinction between the two teleologies of Aristotle"; evolution involves Aristotle's
470:
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would also fit this description without the necessity of a localized intelligence. Whereas the concept of a teleonomic process, such as
63:, who coined the term in 1958, applied it to biological phenomena that appear to be end-directed, hoping to limit the much older term
1292:. Cambridge (MA): Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982 : pp. 47–51 (differentiating four kinds of teleology).
1247:
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627:
832:
Bartlett, J. (2023). "Random with
Respect to Fitness or External Selection? An Important but Often Overlooked Distinction".
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design" in nature. The harmony of the living universe, so far as it exists, is an a posteriori product of natural selection.
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In recent years, a few biologists believe that the separation of teleonomy from the process of evolution has gone too far.
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second sentence is greatly impoverished as far as information content is concerned, without gaining in causal strength.
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representation. The concept of purpose, as only being the teleology final cause, requires supposedly impossible
214:
further analysed the concept of goal-directedness in biology and by 1982, philosopher and historian of science
148:
46:, and/or the operation of a program. Teleonomy is related to programmatic or computational aspects of purpose.
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and asserted nature does not pursue specific goals and acts in a deterministic although non-directed way.
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they flaunt it. The only concession which they make to its disreputable past is to rename it ‘teleonomy’.
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This attitude towards the role of teleonomy in the evolutionary process is the consensus view of the
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the study of organisms, but only as a regulative principle, and with no ontological implications.
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from the environment via the selection of fitter coalitions of structures and functions.
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687:. Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey. Vol. 2. Hague: Nijhoff. pp. 280–316.
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What Makes
Biology Unique?: Considerations on the Autonomy of a Scientific Discipline
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Adaptation and natural selection; a critique of some current evolutionary thought
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Adaptation and Natural Selection; a critique of some current evolutionary thought
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to actions planned by an agent who can internally model alternative futures with
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International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology
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in general. In this way, Parsons tried to find a theoretical compromise between
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614:. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 14. pp. 133–159.
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the inclemency of the weather and the food shortages of the northern climates."
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the inclemency of the weather and the food shortages of the northern climates."
85:
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as a principle of action and the idea of a certain directionality in history.
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Pross, Addy (August 2005). "On the Chemical Nature and Origin of Teleonomy".
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Holmes, B. (2013). "Life's purpose: Can animals guide their own evolution?".
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786:"Evolution 'on purpose': how behaviour has shaped the evolutionary process"
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to systems operating on the basis of a program of coded information. (p.42)
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Chance and Necessity: An Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology
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which builds an internal model based on past and possible future states.
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de Laguna; Grace A. (April 1962). "The Role of Teleonomy in Evolution".
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The Growth of Biological Thought. Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance
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Pittendrigh, C. S. "Adaptation, natural selection, and behavior", in
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Christensen, W.D. (1996). "A complex systems theory of teleology".
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96:. Mayr adopted Pittendrigh's term, but supplied his own definition:
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873:"Mutation bias reflects natural selection in Arabidopsis thaliana"
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In 1974 Ernst Mayr illustrated the difference in the statements:
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Mayr, E. (1974). "Teleological and Teleonomic, a New Analysis".
471:"The Purpose of Purpose - Richard Dawkins - RichardDawkins.net"
30:
words, τέλος, from τελε-, ("end", "goal", "purpose") and νόμος
1245:"Teleology's New Clothes: Teleonomy and the Notion of Program"
218:
joked about the use of teleology and teleonomy by biologists:
1272:
Nature's Purposes: Analyses Of Function and Design in Biology
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Neander, K. (1991). "The Teleological Notion of 'Function'".
1178:, Journal of 18th Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry
429:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958, 390–416; p. 394.
166:, suggested teleonomy as a key feature that defines life:
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Apparent purposefulness brought about by natural processes
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164:, an Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology
327:, in the later part of his working with a theory of
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100:It would seem useful to rigidly restrict the term
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1030:. University of Rochester Press. pp. 1–37.
679:Hull, D.L. (1982). "Philosophy and Biology". In
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151:approved of the term in the last chapter of his
34:("law"). Teleonomy is sometimes contrasted with
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669:Reprinted in Allen, Bekoff & Lauder, 1998.
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497:"Teleology and Teleonomy in Behavior Analysis"
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1176:On the Chemical Nature of Purpose (Teleonomy)
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347:Teleonomy is closely related to concepts of
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994:Silva, Rafael Barbosa Da (2024-04-16),
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194:"The Wood Thrush migrates in the fall
181:"The Wood Thrush migrates in the fall
1302:, Cambridge University Press, 2004. (
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269:humans, but also to cultural ideals.
297:. Spinoza also rejected the idea of
1319:, Harvard University Press; 2004. (
261:has described these features as an
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455:. New York: Free Press. pp.
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26:. The term derives from two
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50:Relationship with teleology
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1343:Nonlinearity and Teleology
1338:Merriam Webster definition
1026:Huneman, Philippe (2007).
955:10.1038/s41586-023-06315-x
897:10.1038/s41586-021-04269-6
846:10.1007/s10441-023-09464-8
554:Princeton University Press
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1202:10.1080/00048409112344881
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249:Evolution largely hoards
228:Relationship to evolution
71:, purpose and foresight:
1221:Rowman & Littlefield
495:Reese, Hayne W. (1994).
128:; where, teleology is a
42:history, adaptation for
1373:Concepts in metaphysics
1215:Nissen, Lowell (1997).
577:Monod, Jacques (1971).
544:Williams, G.C. (1966).
451:. In Lerner, D. (ed.).
384:Naturalism (philosophy)
357:self-organizing systems
119:, Hayne Reese made the
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1274:. MIT Press, 1998. (
784:Corning, P. (2013).
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333:societal development
310:Critique of Judgment
162:Chance and Necessity
56:Teleology in biology
44:reproductive success
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708:Merlin, F. (2010).
369:Anthropic principle
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196:and thereby escapes
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834:Acta Biotheoretica
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399:Theistic evolution
183:in order to escape
149:George C. Williams
1317:Darwin and Design
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883:(7895): 101–105.
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681:Fløistad, Guttorm
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552:. Princeton, NJ:
425:, ed. A. Roe and
353:complexity theory
117:behavior analysis
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134:time reversal
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475:the original
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389:Orthogenesis
346:
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318:final causes
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92:rather than
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1296:Mayr, Ernst
1286:Mayr, Ernst
443:Mayr, Ernst
374:Autopoiesis
337:voluntarism
295:homeostasis
155:. In 1970,
1357:Categories
1243:Kober, G.
1013:2024-04-18
481:2012-12-19
410:References
404:T-symmetry
281:Philosophy
216:David Hull
130:consequent
126:antecedent
102:teleonomic
82:Ernst Mayr
1368:Evolution
1363:Teleology
1073:170263111
963:1476-4687
840:(2): 12.
771:224844288
349:emergence
251:hindsight
142:evolution
121:adverbial
69:intention
65:teleology
36:teleology
20:Teleonomy
1248:Archived
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981:37495874
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531:22478174
445:(1965).
363:See also
314:vitalist
299:finalism
289:defined
255:feedback
147:In 1966
80:In 1965
1131:Bibcode
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683:(ed.).
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1321:ISBN
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1172:ibid
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