651:
199:
584:. The 178-member higher council that governed Tell Abyad, elected mixed-gender co-mayors, as mandated under Rojava rules. The elected co-mayors were ethnic Arab Mansour Seloum (later elected co-chairperson for the executive committee to organize a new constitution for Rojava, and replaced by ethnic Arab Hamdan al-Abad) and ethnic Kurd Layla Mohammed. The latter was 27 years old and the first female mayor of Tell Abyad ever. Schools in which Arabs and Kurds each could learn in their own language were set up during their administration.
60:
44:
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779:(PYD) formed a council of elders in Tell Abyad which has the task to administer the region and which is said to be "a fair representation of the ethnic composition of the town" and the Arab majority population. It consisted of 15 people, of which were ten Arabs, three Kurds and respectively one Armenian and one Turkmen.
552:
with a
Kurdish name, "Gire Spi", and proclaim its new identity in signs throughout the town — written in the Latin script used by Turkish Kurds but not readily understood by Syrian Kurds or Arabs. They have also unilaterally detached it from the existing Syrian province of Raqqa and made it a part of
564:
However, many of the tens of thousands of Arab residents — namely those tribes that allegedly took part in the expulsion of the local
Kurdish population in 2013 — who fled the advancing Kurdish force have not returned, for fear of retribution from the YPG. There were reports that Kurds were forcibly
767:
The Arab residents of the town itself belong mainly to the
Baggara tribe. Several Arab tribes live in the countryside surrounding the town; Naim (to the east), Annaza (to the southeast), Jays (to the southeast, south and west) and Hannada (immediate south of the town). The Jays tribe is a powerful
667:
As part of the
Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria, Turkey launched airstrikes and fired artillery at SDF position inside the town. Social media images posted displayed Syrians fleeing the town. Two civilians were killed and others were wounded as part of the offensive according to
595:
police forces repelled the attack and eliminated all of the ISIL militants, but more than 40 security forces and around 20 civilians were left dead. A YPG spokesman claimed that ISIL militants had crossed from Turkey to attack the town. Turkey quickly denied this claim. According to the
503:
On July 21, 2013, the sounds of the minarets suddenly rose from the mosques of Tal Abyad, broadcasting a message calling on
Kurdish civilians to leave their homes within a period of “10” minutes, and thus the city witnessed the largest forced displacement process.
763:
families residing in the city center. The
Kurdish minority is concentrated in the west of the town and two small pockets in the countryside immediately to the east and west of town, while a small pocket of Turkman minority exists to the south of the town.
758:
reports that Tell Abyad is mainly populated by Arabs, and estimates that in the environs of Tell Abyad, 15% of the population is
Turkmen, 10% Kurdish, and the rest being Arabs. Other sources claim that Kurds make up 25%-30%. In addition, there are many
608:
and others entered the town on the eve of the offensive dressed in YPG uniforms. There have been multiple other instances of ISIL terror attacks in Tell Abyad, for example on 29 June and 8 July 2016 two bombings that each claimed ten civilian lives.
543:
said the people who had fled into Turkey were escaping fighting and there was no systematic effort to force people out. A report published by KurdWatch also accused the PYD of displacements while Liz Sly of the
Washington Post reported:
1273:
1706:
535:, Kurdish YPG fighters have been accused by Syrian rebels of deliberately displacing thousands of Arabs and Turkmens from the areas they captured from ISIL forces in northern Syria — a charge strongly denied by the
2139:
2048:
576:(AANES), declared by a council including representatives of local Arab, Kurdish, Turkmen and Armenian communities. The entity was neither formally recognized by the Syrian Government of
2572:
2448:
926:
1123:
480:, including Turkmen and Arab families, fled on 21 July. ISIL fighters systematically looted and destroyed the property of Kurds and resettled displaced Arab Sunni families from the
1281:
2500:
1501:"Kurdish Regional Self-rule Administration in Syria: A new Model of Statehood and its Status in International Law Compared to the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq"
2542:
1413:
709:, reported that in Tell Abyad the forces supported by Turkey would incur in widespread human rights violations and urged Turkey to initiate an investigation of the matter.
702:
has appointed a
Turkish led administration to Tell Abyad. The Governorate also stated it would provide a Syrian police trained by the Turkish authorities to the area. The
2530:
2453:
1619:
625:
2547:
553:
their newly formed autonomous enclave, carved from areas traditionally inhabited by Kurds but steadily encroaching also on territories that were historically Arab."
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1684:
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500:
of about $ 100 every six months. While ISIL controlled the border towards Turkey in Tell Abyad, it was a major source for supplies coming in from Turkey.
2577:
2490:
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1594:
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confirmed that U.S. Special
Operation Forces were flying U.S. flags in the town of Tell Abyad to deter Turkish harassment shelling or attacks against
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91:
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650:
4089:
2648:
2485:
2401:
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2734:
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2552:
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1909:
992:
2525:
2458:
628:
training of new SDF recruits in the fight against ISIL in Syria. On 27 November 2018, as a part of a deconfliction initiative with
2285:
1394:
922:
1893:
4069:
3743:
2257:
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958:
1623:
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703:
558:
457:
177:
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1306:
405:
The modern town was founded by French mandate authorities to control the border with Turkey, with first inhabitants being
617:
597:
540:
1875:
1223:
1100:
1982:
900:
1692:
460:(ISIL), who raised their flag at the border crossing with Turkey. After ISIL defeated the Kurdish forces, the YPG and
1771:
1480:
2505:
1343:"New Report: Ethnic Cleansing in Tall Abyad? Characteristics of YPG and PYD rule in the areas captured from the IS"
1101:"Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic: Twenty-seventh session"
1033:
624:(SDF) there. Notwithstanding, the Turkish military shelled the area on 22 September. Tell Abyad was also a hub for
2300:
399:
1830:
1324:
1248:
565:
removing the local Arab population, but the accusations were rejected by local Kurdish officials as well as the
59:
2750:
1933:
1750:
776:
557:
According to KurdWatch, repressive measures have been taken out in first line against persons with ties to the
643:, consisting of the Kobane Canton and the Tell Abyad Canton. Tell Abyad stayed a part of the canton until the
3558:
2796:
2432:
2161:
2074:
1598:
716:, two Turkish and one Syrian policemen lost their lives, and 11 policemen, 7 of them Turkish, were injured.
516:
272:
2811:
1726:
2280:
713:
449:
2591:
2293:
1178:"A special report covering the events and violations that the city of Tal Abyad witnessed in July 2013"
796:
699:
508:
2597:
2213:
ORSAM Rapor № 83. ORSAM – Ortadoğu Türkmenleri Programı Rapor № 14. Ankara — November 2011, 33 pages.
613:
432:
Arab tribe arrived as members of the French Levant army, and decided to stay and settle in the area.
203:
43:
4074:
2789:
692:
621:
572:
The Tell Abyad canton was established on 21 October 2015 and included into the de facto autonomous
2315:
417:
3948:
2819:
1543:
601:
395:
3608:
3099:
1365:
835:
732:
170:
948:
2827:
539:. The accusation was not backed by any evidence of ethnic or sectarian killings. The head of
251:
141:
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684:
680:
629:
588:
261:
8:
3783:
2699:
2611:
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1711:
847:
744:
736:
688:
532:
493:
309:
158:
2911:
1663:"Mysterious American Flags In Northern Syria Were Planted By U.S. Troops, Pentagon Says"
3658:
3618:
2920:
2155:
2008:
669:
481:
153:
1727:"Kurdistan 24 captures completion of first US observation post on Syria-Turkey border"
1153:
698:
Following the capture of Tell Abyad, Turkey imposed direct rule over the town and the
3958:
3878:
3818:
3723:
3398:
2323:
2253:
2228:
2068:
1810:
1522:
1421:
954:
870:
706:
647:. The SDF announced the creation of the Military Council of Tell Abyad in June 2019.
512:
421:
363:
341:
313:
198:
146:
3903:
3603:
3433:
3089:
3024:
3019:
1512:
983:
853:
640:
633:
520:
445:
441:
425:
1077:"Selected testimonies from victims of the Syrian conflict: Twenty-seventh session"
3908:
3898:
3748:
3593:
3438:
3388:
3154:
3144:
3139:
1129:
878:
826:
807:
769:
743:
According to multiple sources, the majority of the inhabitants of Tell Abyad and
592:
577:
345:
1707:"U.S. military aid is fueling big ambitions for Syria's leftist Kurdish militia"
3673:
3533:
3528:
3513:
3383:
3328:
2336:
2200:
1957:
1797:"The forces of Tal Abyad announced the establishment of their military council"
760:
581:
566:
453:
387:
1548:"Young female mayor breaks boundaries in Syrian town freed from Islamic State"
1517:
1500:
4063:
4038:
4028:
3988:
3918:
3863:
3788:
3718:
3703:
3638:
3578:
3548:
3343:
3313:
3248:
3198:
2443:
1910:"Turkey appoints governors in recently invaded northern Syrian towns – Rudaw"
1526:
1425:
639:
In October 2017, it was reported that Tell Abyad was to be included into the
461:
106:
93:
768:
tribe in the town with strong ties to Turkey and a former political ally of
4033:
3933:
3873:
3868:
3828:
3758:
3753:
3708:
3643:
3508:
3488:
3468:
3413:
3303:
3288:
3283:
3258:
3218:
3054:
3029:
2999:
2979:
2934:
2680:
2674:
2631:
2088:
1731:
605:
367:
353:
321:
317:
1274:"Syrian rebels accuse Kurdish forces of 'ethnic cleansing' of Sunni Arabs"
616:
was raised over several public institutional buildings in Tell Abyad. The
4003:
3998:
3913:
3798:
3773:
3728:
3683:
3518:
3498:
3443:
3378:
3348:
3273:
3263:
3129:
3094:
2949:
2891:
2851:
2739:
2724:
1853:
1447:"As Syrian Kurds advance against Islamic State, other ethnic groups flee"
485:
391:
1958:"UN rights chief calls for Turkey to probe violations in northern Syria"
325:
4048:
4008:
3993:
3978:
3823:
3763:
3653:
3648:
3573:
3538:
3428:
3333:
3243:
3228:
3193:
3164:
2989:
2974:
2896:
2861:
2712:
2536:
2361:
1569:"By Caliphate Cubs and Self-Defense Uniforms, IS Makes a Big Operation"
429:
358:
1414:"Arabs Accuse Kurds of Exploiting War With Islamic State to Grab Land"
4043:
4023:
3793:
3738:
3688:
3613:
3563:
3553:
3543:
3463:
3418:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3293:
3223:
3149:
3119:
3109:
3104:
3014:
2994:
2984:
2929:
2376:
1876:"Local council set up in terror-free Tal Abyad in Syria - World News"
1177:
755:
549:
511:, the town was besieged and in June 2015 taken over by forces of the
406:
371:
242:
1568:
724:
526:
424:, with around 250 Armenian families living in the city prior to the
3968:
3963:
3953:
3943:
3923:
3838:
3813:
3768:
3713:
3693:
3678:
3663:
3633:
3623:
3598:
3523:
3493:
3483:
3458:
3403:
3353:
3323:
3318:
3268:
3203:
3174:
3069:
2881:
2841:
2744:
2642:
1412:
Iraq, Sam Dagher in Beirut and Ben Kesling in Sinjar (2015-11-25).
1398:
1395:"In Raqqa offensive, Kurds seek 'insurance' against Turkish attack"
1194:
788:
477:
413:
375:
349:
1849:"Turkish army liberates Tel Abyad's Suluk village from terrorists"
1620:"Islamic State jihadis threaten civil peace in Syria's Tell Abyad"
1342:
3928:
3893:
3888:
3848:
3833:
3803:
3698:
3668:
3583:
3453:
3423:
3393:
3363:
3338:
3298:
3278:
3233:
3184:
3169:
3124:
3084:
3074:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3044:
2969:
2964:
2876:
2225:
Germany and the Ottoman Railways: Art, Empire, and Infrastructure
1451:
792:
751:
712:
On April 30, 2023, During the diffusion of explosives planted by
489:
465:
409:
383:
379:
290:
232:
165:
2209:
Suriye’de Değişimin Ortaya Çıkardığı Toplum: Suriye Türkmenleri,
1124:"They freed a Syrian town from ISIS. Now they have to govern it"
4018:
3973:
3883:
3858:
3853:
3843:
3808:
3778:
3628:
3588:
3568:
3478:
3448:
3213:
3134:
3114:
3079:
3039:
3034:
3009:
2959:
2944:
2939:
2901:
2836:
2464:
2275:
469:
329:
268:
247:
192:
1831:"Turkey Launches Offensive Against U.S.-Backed Syrian Militia"
1325:"Syrian Kurds battle Islamic State for town at Turkish border"
4013:
3983:
3503:
3473:
3408:
3308:
3238:
3208:
2886:
2871:
2846:
2814:
2349:
2318:
2142:. 6 August 2015. Archived from the original on August 6, 2015
1197:"Thousands of Syrians flee into Turkey amid intense fighting"
536:
497:
496:, ISIL also collected a tax from the Christians, a so called
305:
134:
1747:"Euphrates region within the administrative division | ANHA"
1307:"Kurdish Fighters Seize Large Parts of IS Border Stronghold"
3733:
3004:
2954:
2866:
2856:
2176:"YPG's greatest challenge: Kurdish-Arab relations in Syria"
473:
1772:"US-Turkish Joint Patrol East of Gire Spi Canton Archives"
1645:"US flags raised in Syrian Kurdish-held town of Tal Abyad"
747:
are Arabs, with a Kurdish, Turkmen and Armenian minority.
344:, Tell Abyad and the surrounding region were ruled by the
3253:
662:
1473:"UN says no ethnic cleansing by Kurds in northern Syria"
476:
had to leave Tell Abyad or else be killed. Thousands of
2114:"Surviving Aleppo: An Interview with Nerses Sarkissian"
1685:"Turkey bombs Kurdish positions near Syria's Tel-Abyad"
1542:
950:
The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion
1983:"Suriye'nin Tel Abyad kentinde patlama: 2 polis şehit"
1118:
1116:
1114:
626:
Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve
1249:"Kurds accused of "ethnic cleansing" by Syria rebels"
1195:
Lefteris Pitarakis And Bassem Mrque (June 14, 2014).
988:"Tal Abyad: Achilles Heel of the Syrian Kurdish Belt"
864:
488:, and Raqqa in abandoned Kurdish homes. According to
448:
in September 2012, On July 30, 2013, Tell Abyad was
366:. Later, various empires ruled the area, such as the
1895:
A new Gaza: Turkey's border policy in northern Syria
1224:"YPG and rebels take full control on Tal Abiad city"
840:
1595:"ISIS attack kills ten in Kurdish-held Syrian town"
1111:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
2011:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 2015
1934:"Turkey to appoint 4,000 police officers to Syria"
1154:"Is Tal Abyad a turning point for Syria's Kurds?"
574:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
527:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
4061:
967:
901:"General Census of Population and Housing 2004:
444:started in 2011, Tell Abyad was captured by the
2009:"Arab Tribes Split Between Kurds And Jihadists"
946:
677:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
390:. Tell Abyad remained Ottoman until the end of
2055:. Archived from the original on August 6, 2015
2049:"US Expresses Concerns About PYD Human Rights"
1301:
1299:
687:captured Tell Abyad, and many villages in the
2797:
2301:
1538:
1536:
1046:
695:. On October 28, a local council was formed.
352:. Tell Abyad could have been the site of the
1360:
1358:
1356:
2222:
1815:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1296:
940:
2804:
2790:
2308:
2294:
1533:
645:Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
600:, there was not any infiltration from the
4085:Divided cities on the Syria–Turkey border
2041:
2031:"Kurds eye new corridor to Mediterranean"
2023:
1516:
1353:
1007:
893:
308:. It is the administrative center of the
2248:Kerr, Stanley Elphinstone (1973-01-01).
1387:
1013:
982:
723:
649:
4080:Populated places in Tell Abyad District
2698:
2610:
2193:
1188:
4062:
1622:. ARA News. 2016-07-08. Archived from
1597:. ARA News. 2016-07-01. Archived from
1498:
1182:Center for Documentation of Violations
1095:
1093:
663:2019 Turkish/SNA capture of Tell Abyad
591:from ISIL militants. YPG militias and
2785:
2697:
2609:
2334:
2289:
2227:. Yale University Press. p. 22.
1505:Japanese Journal of Political Science
1494:
1492:
1490:
1444:
1151:
953:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 122–.
654:Bombardment of Tell Abyad during the
356:–era Aramean inhabited settlement of
2247:
2223:Christensen, Peter H. (2017-10-24).
1841:
1794:
1665:. Huffington Post. 20 September 2016
1411:
1014:Taştekin, Fehim (October 29, 2015).
882:
731:is the administrative center of the
704:UN High Commissioner on Human Rights
458:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
1691:. 22 September 2016. Archived from
1228:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
1090:
1016:"Is Turkey setting a Kurdish trap?"
857:
830:
675:On 13 October 2019, as part of the
618:United States Department of Defense
598:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
541:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
464:, ISIL fighters announced from the
435:
13:
2335:
1487:
1221:
394:, when it was incorporated in the
66:
14:
4101:
2269:
1499:Radpey, Loqman (September 2016).
1366:"Ethnic cleansing in Tall Abyad?"
782:
2910:
2813:
2596:
2590:
2317:
2274:
580:nor by any other country of the
197:
185:
127:
65:
58:
42:
2241:
2216:
2168:
2132:
2106:
2081:
2001:
1975:
1950:
1926:
1902:
1886:
1868:
1823:
1788:
1764:
1739:
1719:
1699:
1677:
1655:
1637:
1612:
1587:
1561:
1465:
1438:
1405:
1335:
1317:
1266:
1241:
1215:
1170:
1145:
719:
400:partition of the Ottoman Empire
1069:
1053:raises flag at Turkish border"
1040:
1026:
820:
632:in the area, the US set up an
561:or other political opponents.
1:
4090:Syria–Turkey border crossings
1445:Pamuk, Humeyra (2015-07-16).
813:
16:Town in Raqqa, northern Syria
4070:Turkmen communities in Syria
1776:Democratic Union Party (PYD)
1749:. 2017-08-18. Archived from
1047:Tulin Daloglu (2014-06-30).
909:Central Bureau of Statistics
787:The town was connected with
589:Tell Abyad came under attack
548:"The Kurds formally renamed
519:and their allies within the
7:
2252:. SUNY Press. p. 215.
1989:(in Turkish). 30 April 2023
920:Also available in English:
865:
841:
801:
324:with the bordering city of
10:
4106:
2089:"PanARMENIAN.Net - Mobile"
1152:Salih, Cale (2015-06-16).
1036:– via The Economist.
612:On 15 September 2016, the
335:
213:350 m (1,150 ft)
3183:
2919:
2908:
2826:
2820:Cities and towns of Syria
2706:
2693:
2618:
2605:
2588:
2454:al-Khayyalah al-Sharqiyah
2343:
2330:
2160:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2073:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1518:10.1017/S1468109916000190
923:"Syria: 2004 census data"
874:
614:flag of the United States
531:After the capture of the
289:
279:
258:
241:
230:
222:
217:
209:
204:Syrian Interim Government
176:
164:
152:
140:
122:
87:
53:
41:
34:
24:
993:The Washington Institute
947:Edward Lipiński (2000).
622:Syrian Democratic Forces
2548:al-Salhabiyah Gharbiyah
1544:Wladimir van Wilgenburg
1105:UN Human Rights Council
1084:UN Human Rights Council
754:-based internet portal
428:. After Armenians, the
396:French mandate of Syria
3609:Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud
3055:al-Mukharram al-Foqani
2439:Kasrat Shaykh al-Jumaa
1695:on September 23, 2016.
1034:"The next battlefield"
852:'White Hill';
777:Democratic Union Party
740:
733:Tell Abyad Subdistrict
659:
656:2019 Turkish offensive
555:
304:is a town in northern
2283:at Wikimedia Commons
727:
700:Governor of Sanlıurfa
653:
587:On 27 February 2016,
546:
484:area (Rif Damascus),
420:conducted during the
260: • Summer (
107:36.69750°N 38.95667°E
3939:al-Surah al-Saghirah
2568:Tell al-Samen Dahham
1651:. 16 September 2016.
986:(21 December 2018).
907:(in Arabic). Syrian
685:Syrian National Army
681:Turkish Armed Forces
316:. Located along the
19:Town in Raqqa, Syria
3784:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
2700:Al-Thawrah District
2612:Tell Abyad District
2250:The Lions of Marash
1880:Hürriyet Daily News
1795:sdf1 (2019-06-17).
1735:. 27 November 2018.
1712:The Washington Post
1418:Wall Street Journal
745:Tell Abyad District
737:Tell Abyad District
533:Tell Abyad district
509:Tell Abyad Campaign
416:, survivors of the
362:, mentioned in 814
320:, it constitutes a
310:Tell Abyad District
103: /
2563:Suwaydiyah Kabirah
2201:Suriye Türkmenleri
1837:. 11 October 2019.
1835:The New York Times
1483:on March 15, 2017.
1401:. 8 November 2016.
1311:The New York Times
1203:. Associated Press
903:Tell Abyad nahiyah
741:
670:The New York Times
660:
112:36.69750; 38.95667
4057:
4056:
3399:al-Hajar al-Aswad
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2689:
2688:
2586:
2585:
2491:Matab al-Burashid
2324:Raqqa Governorate
2279:Media related to
2259:978-1-4384-0882-8
2234:978-0-300-22847-2
2120:. 9 December 2015
1715:. 7 January 2017.
1550:. Middle East Eye
984:Balanche, Fabrice
960:978-90-429-0859-8
863:
851:
839:
707:Michelle Bachelet
513:Euphrates Volcano
507:In the June 2015
422:Armenian genocide
314:Raqqa Governorate
299:
298:
223: • Town
79:Location in Syria
4097:
3904:al-Shaykh Maskin
3604:Khirbet Ghazaleh
3434:Harran al-Awamid
3025:Maarat al-Numaan
3020:Jisr ash-Shughur
2914:
2818:
2817:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2695:
2694:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2476:Maghlah Saghirah
2332:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2278:
2264:
2263:
2245:
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2220:
2214:
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2197:
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2172:
2166:
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2147:
2136:
2130:
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2125:
2110:
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2099:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2045:
2039:
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2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1768:
1762:
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1759:
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1743:
1737:
1736:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:on July 11, 2016
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1496:
1485:
1484:
1479:. Archived from
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1370:
1362:
1351:
1350:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1284:on June 16, 2015
1280:. Archived from
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1201:AP The Big Story
1192:
1186:
1185:
1174:
1168:
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1044:
1038:
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1023:
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1000:
980:
965:
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944:
938:
937:
935:
933:
919:
917:
915:
897:
886:
884:
876:
868:
862:romanized:
861:
859:
846:
844:
834:
832:
824:
797:Baghdad Railway.
641:Euphrates Region
634:observation post
521:Free Syrian Army
446:Free Syrian Army
442:Syrian civil war
436:Syrian civil war
426:Syrian civil war
386:and finally the
265:
202:
201:
191:
189:
188:
133:
131:
130:
118:
117:
115:
114:
113:
108:
104:
101:
100:
99:
96:
69:
68:
62:
48:Tell Abyad, 2009
46:
22:
21:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4075:Cities in Syria
4060:
4059:
4058:
4053:
3909:Shayukh Tahtani
3899:Shaykh al-Hadid
3749:Qalaat al-Madiq
3619:Ma'arrat Misrin
3594:Kuwayris Sharqi
3179:
3145:al-Suqaylabiyah
3140:ash-Shaykh Badr
2915:
2906:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2780:
2771:
2702:
2685:
2614:
2601:
2595:
2582:
2471:Maghlah Kabirah
2417:Judaydat Khabur
2397:Huwayjat Shinan
2339:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2221:
2217:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2180:Middle East Eye
2174:
2173:
2169:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2118:Armenian Weekly
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2093:panarmenian.net
2087:
2086:
2082:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1903:
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1824:
1808:
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1756:
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1725:
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1705:
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1700:
1683:
1682:
1678:
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1666:
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1660:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1601:on July 8, 2016
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1541:
1534:
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1471:
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1242:
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1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1193:
1189:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1130:Washington Post
1122:
1121:
1112:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1045:
1041:
1032:
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1027:
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1008:
998:
996:
981:
968:
961:
945:
941:
931:
929:
921:
913:
911:
899:
898:
894:
890:
889:
825:
821:
816:
808:Tell Sabi Abyad
804:
785:
770:Bashar al Assad
722:
665:
604:but dormant IS
578:Bashar al-Assad
529:
494:Washington Post
438:
348:and settled by
346:Assyrian Empire
338:
285:
259:
196:
195:
186:
184:
128:
126:
111:
109:
105:
102:
97:
94:
92:
90:
89:
83:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
75:
74:
70:
49:
37:
30:
27:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4103:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
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4072:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
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4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
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3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
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3926:
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3896:
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3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:al-Sabe' Biyar
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:Mashta al-Helu
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:Jubb al-Jarrah
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3384:al-Ghizlaniyah
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
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3271:
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3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
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3216:
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3196:
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3172:
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3162:
3157:
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3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
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3067:
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3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
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2737:
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2722:
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2707:
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2703:
2691:
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2686:
2684:
2683:
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2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2412:Judaydat Kahit
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2337:Raqqa District
2328:
2327:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2271:
2270:External links
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2240:
2233:
2215:
2192:
2167:
2131:
2105:
2080:
2040:
2022:
2000:
1974:
1949:
1925:
1901:
1885:
1867:
1840:
1822:
1787:
1763:
1738:
1718:
1698:
1676:
1654:
1636:
1611:
1586:
1560:
1546:(2016-07-01).
1532:
1511:(3): 468–488.
1486:
1464:
1437:
1404:
1386:
1375:. January 2016
1352:
1334:
1316:
1295:
1265:
1240:
1214:
1187:
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1110:
1089:
1068:
1039:
1025:
1006:
966:
959:
939:
891:
888:
887:
818:
817:
815:
812:
811:
810:
803:
800:
784:
783:Transportation
781:
721:
718:
664:
661:
636:in Tal Abyad.
630:Turkish forces
602:Turkish border
582:United Nations
567:United Nations
528:
525:
454:al-Nusra Front
437:
434:
388:Ottoman Empire
337:
334:
297:
296:
293:
287:
286:
283:
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277:
276:
266:
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50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
28:
25:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4102:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4039:al-Yaarubiyah
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4029:Urum al-Kubra
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3989:Tell al-Daman
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
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3860:
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3810:
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3802:
3800:
3797:
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3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3744:al-Qahtaniyah
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3719:al-Nashabiyah
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:al-Musayfirah
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3579:Khan Shaykhun
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3549:Kafr Takharim
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:al-Darbasiyah
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Assal al-Ward
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:Abu al-Thuhur
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
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2669:Tell al-Kabir
2667:
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2654:Hawaij Saghir
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2573:al-Yaarubiyah
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2514:
2512:
2511:Rabi'a, Raqqa
2509:
2507:
2506:al-Qahtaniyah
2504:
2502:
2499:
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2449:al-Khatuniyah
2447:
2445:
2444:al-Khamisiyah
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2387:al-Hamdaniyah
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2010:
2004:
1988:
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1911:
1905:
1897:
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1753:on 2017-08-18
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623:
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606:sleeper cells
603:
599:
594:
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585:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
562:
560:
559:Islamic State
554:
551:
545:
542:
538:
534:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:of the local
467:
463:
462:Kurdish Front
459:
455:
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443:
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427:
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88:Coordinates:
86:
61:
52:
45:
40:
33:
23:
4034:Wadi al-Oyun
3874:al-Shaddadah
3759:al-Qaryatayn
3709:al-Mushannaf
3509:al-Jawadiyah
3489:al-Janudiyah
3469:Ibbin Samaan
3414:al-Hamidiyah
3304:Bir al-Helou
3289:Barri Sharqi
3259:Ayn al-Fijah
3185:Sub-district
3159:
3100:Ra's al-'Ayn
3030:al-Malikiyah
2762:Shams al-Din
2749:
2711:
2710:
2673:
2641:
2632:Ain al-Arous
2624:
2623:
2622:
2535:
2463:
2431:
2348:
2347:
2273:
2249:
2243:
2224:
2218:
2208:
2204:(in Turkish)
2195:
2183:. Retrieved
2179:
2170:
2144:. Retrieved
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2117:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:
2083:
2057:. Retrieved
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1986:
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1964:. 2020-09-18
1961:
1952:
1941:. Retrieved
1937:
1928:
1917:. Retrieved
1913:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1800:. Retrieved
1790:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:
1766:
1755:. Retrieved
1751:the original
1741:
1732:Kurdistan 24
1730:
1721:
1710:
1701:
1693:the original
1688:
1679:
1669:20 September
1667:. Retrieved
1657:
1648:
1639:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:the original
1614:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:the original
1589:
1579:February 28,
1577:. Retrieved
1572:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1508:
1504:
1481:the original
1476:
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1450:
1440:
1429:. Retrieved
1417:
1407:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1372:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:the original
1277:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1200:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
1157:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1127:
1104:
1083:
1071:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:
1050:
1042:
1028:
1019:
1009:
997:. Retrieved
991:
949:
942:
930:. Retrieved
912:. Retrieved
902:
895:
831:تَلّ أَبْيَض
822:
795:through the
786:
774:
766:
749:
742:
728:
720:Demographics
711:
697:
674:
666:
638:
611:
586:
571:
563:
556:
547:
530:
506:
502:
439:
418:deportations
404:
357:
354:neo-Assyrian
339:
322:divided city
318:Balikh River
301:
300:
182:
29:تَلّ أَبْيَض
4004:Tell Salhab
3999:Tell Rifaat
3799:al-Ruhaybah
3684:al-Masmiyah
3659:al-Mansurah
3519:Jubb Ramlah
3499:al-Jarniyah
3379:al-Ghariyah
3349:Deir Atiyah
3274:Ayn al-Nasr
3264:Ayn Halaqim
3130:al-Sanamayn
3095:al-Qutayfah
2950:Ayn al-Arab
2892:Rif Dimashq
2852:Deir ez-Zor
2828:Governorate
2767:Tell Othman
2757:al-Safsafah
2751:al-Mansurah
2740:al-Jarniyah
2730:Fallah Rabu
2725:Dibsi Faraj
2720:Dibsi Afnan
2664:Tell Hammam
2558:al-Suwaydah
1860:October 13,
1854:Daily Sabah
1649:Kurdistan24
1575:(in Arabic)
486:Deir ez-Zor
398:during the
392:World War I
312:within the
166:Subdistrict
142:Governorate
110: /
4064:Categories
4049:az-Ziyarah
4009:Tell Tamer
3994:Tell Hamis
3979:al-Tamanah
3959:al-Sukhnah
3879:al-Shajara
3824:al-Sabkhah
3764:al-Qurayya
3724:al-Nasirah
3654:al-Malihah
3574:al-Khafsah
3559:al-Karamah
3539:Kafr Batna
3429:Harbnafsah
3334:Darat Izza
3244:al-Asharah
3229:al-Arishah
3194:Abu Qilqil
3165:al-Thawrah
3160:Tell Abyad
2975:Dayr Hafir
2897:as-Suwayda
2862:al-Hasakah
2713:Al-Thawrah
2625:Tell Abyad
2578:al-Yarmouk
2537:al-Sabkhah
2516:al-Rabiyah
2501:al-Nasirah
2496:al-Namisah
2481:al-Manamah
2433:al-Karamah
2427:al-Kalitah
2362:al-Akirshi
2281:Tell Abyad
2199:Günümüzde
2035:Al-Monitor
1968:2020-09-21
1943:2020-06-22
1919:2020-06-22
1802:2020-07-03
1781:2021-02-24
1757:2020-06-26
1630:2016-07-09
1605:2016-07-09
1554:2016-07-01
1458:2022-08-25
1431:2020-06-24
1163:2020-06-25
1137:30 October
1062:2015-09-10
1057:Al-Monitor
1020:Al-Monitor
999:14 October
932:15 October
914:15 October
842:Tall Abyaḍ
814:References
729:Tell Abyad
440:After the
372:Byzantines
302:Tell Abyad
218:Population
171:Tell Abyad
159:Tell Abyad
98:38°57′24″E
95:36°41′51″N
73:Tell Abyad
26:Tell Abyad
4044:al-Zirbah
4024:Uqayribat
3794:al-Riqama
3739:al-Qadmus
3689:al-Mazraa
3614:al-Kiswah
3564:al-Kasrah
3554:Kafr Zita
3544:Kafr Nabl
3464:al-Huwash
3419:al-Hamraa
3374:Ghandoura
3369:Ghabaghib
3359:al-Dumayr
3294:Beit Jinn
3224:al-Ariqah
3150:Talkalakh
3120:Salamiyah
3110:as-Safira
3105:al-Rastan
3090:al-Qusayr
3015:Jarabulus
2995:al-Haffah
2985:Duraykish
2930:Abu Kamal
2681:al-Zaazu'
2521:al-Rahibi
2407:al-Jabali
2377:al-Ghutah
2372:Ghirnatah
2367:al-Fariaa
2357:Abu Susah
2156:cite news
2140:"BasNews"
1527:1468-1099
1426:0099-9660
1373:Kurdwatch
1347:KurdWatch
875:Թել Աբյադ
836:romanized
756:KurdWatch
691:from the
550:Tal Abyad
478:civilians
472:that all
376:Sassanids
342:antiquity
243:Time zone
210:Elevation
3969:Talbiseh
3964:al-Tabni
3954:al-Susah
3944:al-Suwar
3924:Sirghaya
3839:Saidnaya
3814:Sabburah
3769:Qurqania
3714:Muzayrib
3694:Muhambal
3679:Maskanah
3634:Maaloula
3624:Maabatli
3599:Khanaser
3524:Jindires
3494:Jaramana
3484:al-Jalaa
3459:Huraytan
3439:al-Hirak
3404:al-Hajib
3389:al-Hader
3354:al-Dimas
3319:Busayrah
3269:Ayn Issa
3204:Akhtarin
3175:Zabadani
3070:Qamishli
2921:District
2882:Quneitra
2842:Damascus
2745:Mahmudli
2649:Bir Issa
2643:Ayn Issa
2543:al-Sahel
2486:Masaadah
2402:Huzaymah
2382:al-Hamah
2069:cite web
1993:30 April
1811:cite web
1477:ARA News
1399:France24
1288:June 22,
1258:June 22,
1233:June 30,
1222:Master.
1207:June 15,
1158:BBC News
871:Armenian
866:Girê Spî
802:See also
789:Istanbul
735:and the
689:district
683:and the
482:Qalamoun
466:minarets
456:and the
450:captured
414:Anatolia
410:refugees
407:Armenian
384:Abbasids
380:Umayyads
350:Arameans
326:Akçakale
295:SY110200
154:District
3929:Slinfah
3894:Shathah
3889:Sharran
3849:Saraqib
3834:Sahnaya
3804:al-Saan
3699:Muhasan
3669:Markada
3584:Khasham
3534:al-Qabu
3529:al-Jiza
3454:al-Hawl
3424:Harasta
3394:Hadidah
3364:Furqlus
3339:Darkush
3329:al-Dana
3299:Binnish
3279:Babbila
3234:Armanaz
3187:centres
3170:Yabroud
3155:al-Tall
3125:Salkhad
3085:Qudsaya
3075:Qardaha
3065:Palmyra
3060:an-Nabk
3050:Mhardeh
3045:Mayadin
2970:Darayya
2965:Baniyas
2923:centres
2877:Latakia
2830:centres
2735:Jaaidin
2659:Hayshah
2637:al-Amin
2553:Shamrah
2422:Kadiran
2059:26 June
2053:BasNews
2015:26 June
1962:UN News
1689:AraNews
1573:syriahr
1452:Reuters
1329:Reuters
1253:cbsnews
927:UN OCHA
883:ܬܠ ܐܒܝܕ
858:گرێ سپی
854:Kurdish
850:
838::
793:Baghdad
761:Turkmen
752:Germany
593:Asayish
492:of the
490:Liz Sly
470:mosques
452:by the
430:Baggara
336:History
291:Geocode
233:Nahiyah
178:Control
123:Country
4019:Thiban
3974:Taldou
3919:Sinjar
3884:Shaqqa
3864:Sawran
3859:Sarrin
3854:Sarmin
3844:Salqin
3809:Saasaa
3789:al-Rai
3779:Rankus
3639:Madaya
3629:Maadan
3589:Kirnaz
3569:Kessab
3479:Jayrud
3449:Hisyah
3314:Bulbul
3214:Arbeen
3135:Shahba
3115:Safita
3080:Qatana
3040:Masyaf
3035:Manbij
3010:Jableh
2960:al-Bab
2945:Atarib
2940:Arihah
2902:Tartus
2837:Aleppo
2531:Samrah
2526:Ratlah
2465:Maadan
2459:Laksun
2392:Hittin
2256:
2231:
2185:14 May
2146:11 May
2124:14 May
2098:14 May
1525:
1424:
1379:14 May
1133:. 2015
1049:"ISIS
957:
879:Syriac
827:Arabic
515:, the
368:Romans
359:Baliḫu
330:Turkey
280:P-Code
237:44,671
226:14,825
193:Turkey
190:
132:
4014:Tedef
3984:Tasil
3949:Suran
3934:Suluk
3869:Sebei
3829:Sadad
3754:Qarah
3664:Mare'
3649:Malah
3644:Mahin
3504:Jasim
3474:Ihsim
3409:Hajin
3324:Da'el
3309:Bosra
3284:Banan
3239:Arwad
3219:Arima
3209:Amuda
3005:Izra'
3000:Harem
2980:Douma
2935:Afrin
2887:Raqqa
2872:Idlib
2847:Daraa
2675:Suluk
2350:Raqqa
2211:p. 20
1938:Ahval
1914:Ahval
1369:(PDF)
1080:(PDF)
537:Kurds
498:Jizya
474:Kurds
412:from
306:Syria
284:C5792
269:UTC+3
248:UTC+2
147:Raqqa
135:Syria
3914:Shin
3774:Rajo
3734:Nubl
3729:Nawa
3444:Hish
2955:Azaz
2867:Homs
2857:Hama
2254:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2187:2016
2162:link
2148:2016
2126:2016
2100:2016
2075:link
2061:2015
2017:2015
1995:2023
1862:2019
1817:link
1671:2016
1581:2016
1523:ISSN
1422:ISSN
1381:2016
1290:2015
1260:2015
1235:2015
1209:2015
1139:2015
1128:The
1001:2019
955:ISBN
934:2015
916:2015
848:lit.
791:and
775:The
750:The
273:EEST
36:Town
3254:Awj
2990:Fiq
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