1181:
795:
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2022:
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2058:
2082:
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2034:
74:
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1035:, joined forces with Cyrenean and Barcan exiles on Crete and invaded Cyrenaica, capturing Cyrene's port and forcing Cyrene to accept his rule. However, one of his officers, Mnasicles, defected to the Cyreneans and helped them to expel Thibron's troops and recapture the port. Cyrene allied with the Libyans and Carthaginians, but Thibron returned in 322 BC and defeated them. A democratic revolution took place in Cyrene and the exiled aristocrats appealed to
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1526:, on a ridge of the Jabal Akhdar, about 600 metres above sea level. The southern edge of the ridge and the city is formed by the Wadi Bil Ghadir and the northern edge by the Wadi Bu Turqiyah. The Acropolis, at the western edge of the ridge, was the original centre of Greek occupation. From there, a road referred to by modern scholars as the "Street of Battus" or "Skyrotà" runs along the ridge to the southeast for around 1 kilometre, past the
7421:
865:, who besieged and sacked Barca in 515 BC. According to Herodotus, Aryandes marched his troops through Cyrene and then, regretting that he had not taken the opportunity to conquer Cyrene, attempted to get back in, but was prevented. The story is strange; it may be that the city was actually conquered by the Persians. Remains of an extramural temple destroyed by the Persians at this time have been found.
1217:. The provincial capital was on Crete, but Cyrene remained the chief city in Cyrenaica and enjoyed a highly prosperous period and much construction dates to the first century AD. In the mid-first century AD, the Roman authorities launched an extensive surveying campaign to reclaim the public land around Cyrene that had slipped into private control and stopped paying dividends to the
51:
1787:
by the growing city of Shahat, especially after 2013, when many tombs were bulldozed. The northern portion is better preserved. Several of the tombs of the Roman period have niches for portrait busts of the deceased. A common find are statues of the so-called "Goddess of Death", a female bust - often faceless - depicted in the process of unveiling herself.
1437:", a headless marble statue representing the goddess Venus, a Roman copy of a Greek original, which prompted them to restrict their base to the Acropolis. The statue was transported to Rome, where it remained until 2008, when it was returned to Libya. The village of Shahat grew up on the site as a result of the Italian presence.
975:
by the
Spartans arrived in Cyrene in 404 BC and joined forces with the exiles, but were almost all killed in a battle, after which the Cyrenean exiles and the followers of Ariston reconciled. The surviving Messenians settled at Euhesperides. There are some signs that civic conflict continued over the
1786:
The necropolis consists of graves, rock-cut tombs, temple-tombs, and sarcophagi, dating from the sixth century BC until the fifth century AD. It covers about 20 km² to the south and north of the city, making it one of the largest known Greek necropoleis. The southern section has been encroached upon
1590:
discovered 76 intact Roman statues at Cyrene from the 2nd century AD. The statues remained undiscovered for so long because "during the earthquake of 375 AD, a supporting wall of the temple fell on its side, burying all the statues. They remained hidden under stone, rubble and earth for 1,630 years.
1748:
and theater complex, is located south of the Wadi Bil Ghadir ravine, outside the city walls. The
Sanctuary comprised structures sprawled out over twenty miles and are divided into three terraces: the Lower, Middle and Upper Sanctuaries. The archaeological remains date from the late seventh century
1139:
in 163 BC after his siblings expelled him from Egypt. The city rebelled against him but was defeated. It is possible that he granted Cyrene's port, Apollonia, independence from Cyrene at this time, as a reward for remaining loyal. Ptolemy engaged in a wide-ranging construction project in the city,
1575:, which contains several public buildings and palatial residences. To the northeast, on another ridge, but still inside the city walls, is the largely unexcavated northeastern quarter, containing the Temple of Zeus, the hippodrome, and the East Church. Outside the city walls to the south is the
1324:. Many buildings were subsequently rebuilt, but a hurriedly built new defensive wall enclosed only the western half of the city. The civic hub shifted north from the street of Battus to the Valley street and many of the old public spaces were filled in with housing and shops. In the reforms of
1721:) has eight columns at the front and rear and seventeen columns on each of the long sides. It was destroyed in 115 AD during the Jewish sack of the city. Around 172-175 AD it was partially rebuilt as a non-peripteral temple. Between 185 and 192 AD, a colossal cult statue, modelled on the
747:, but the city rapidly expanded eastwards. The sanctuary of Apollo to the north of the Acropolis, of Demeter to the south, and of Zeus to the east all go back to the seventh or sixth centuries BC. Archaeological evidence shows that several other sites in Cyrenaica, such as Apollonia,
932:. Following this victory, he organised a new wave of Greek settlement at Euesperides. Some time after this however, the Cyreneans monarchy was abolished in obscure circumstances and the tomb of his ancestor Battus I was destroyed. In 454 BC, Cyrene gave refuge to the remnants of an
1043:
to occupy the city and established a new constitution for the city, which is recorded on a large inscription, which was heavily oligarchic and reserved a permanent role for himself in the city's administration. The city was accepted by the other
Macedonian leaders as part of the
1112:
in 246 BC, bringing Cyrene back under
Ptolemaic control. In the process, the city of Euesperides was destroyed and re-founded as Berenice and the cities of Cyrenaica formed a federation, called the Pentapolis, which minted its own coinage. Constitutional reforms by a pair of
881:
In the fifth century BC, perhaps as a consequence of the
Persian intervention, Cyrene's influence over the other Greek cities in Cyrenaica seems to have solidified into institutionalised political control. The city was prosperous and construction of the Temple of Apollo,
1364:, a wealthy magnate who became bishop of Ptolemais and whose letters are preserved, grew up in Cyrene in the generation after the earthquake. Letter 67 of Synesius tells of an irregular episcopal ordination carried out by a bishop Philo of Cyrene, which was condoned by
1440:
The
Italians created an antiquities service and, after the discovery of the Venus of Cyrene, carried out excavations at Cyrene on a very large scale, which were closely connected with the regime's propaganda. The Italian archaeologists were expelled in 1943 when the
821:
to the west. Archaeological evidence shows that Greek presence at Barca predates this foundation, going back to the seventh century. Arcesilaus was defeated by the
Barcans and Libyans at the Battle of Leuco, killed by his brother and succeeded by his infant son
736:) before relocating to Cyrene. The historicity of these narratives is uncertain, particularly the idea that Thera was Cyrene's sole "mother city." Relationships with other cities, such as Sparta and Samos, mentioned in the foundation narratives, are uncertain.
1449:, controller of antiquities from 1955 to 1966 moved the village of Shahat off the site and re-established it to the south; it has since expanded over much of the southern necropolis. He also restored control of excavations at the site to the Italians, under
1208:
visited the city in 87 BC, suppressed the tyranny and granted Cyrene a new constitution. But it was only in 74 BC that the Romans first sent a governor, Publius
Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus. At some point between 67 and 30 BC, Cyrenaica became part of the
898:; the herb was pictured on most Cyrenian coins. Silphium was in such demand that it was harvested to extinction by the end of the first century BC. Cyrene also made money from raising of horses and the transhipment trade between Egypt, the Aegean, and
1356:, describes Cyrene as "an ancient but deserted city." However, the damage may have been over-emphasised. Archaeology shows that most buildings were damaged, but also that many were rebuilt, including many temples, which were only closed by the
1276:, broke out in Cyrenaica, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Cyprus and Judaea in 115 AD. Cyrene was sacked and almost all of the city's buildings were destroyed. Literary sources claim that 220,000 people were killed before the revolt was quelled by
771:
After its foundation, the city was ruled by a series of monarchs descended from Battus I. Over the course of the sixth century BC, Cyrene grew to become the most powerful city in the region. In the first half of the sixth century BC,
1296:
and a long inscription records its attempts to block membership for one of its neighbours. Cyrene was once again prosperous by the third quarter of the second century AD and several palaces date to this period, including the
1546:
until it reaches the gates of the city. Below the
Acropolis to the north, the Springs of Apollo and Cyra emerge from the cliff-face onto a triangular plateau at the base of the Wadi Bu Turqiyah. This plateau contains the
1486:
Department of
Antiquities, and the Libyan Ministry of Culture, worked to preserve the ancient site through a combination of holistic conservation practices and training of local skilled and unskilled labor. The
940:. In the following years, Barca seems to have become the dominant city in the region and Cyrene was regularly in conflict with the other Greek cities of Cyrenaica and with the Libyans. In 414 BC, during the
1052:
in 321 BC. Cyrenean rebels attempted to expel the Ptolemaic garrison in 313 BC, but Ptolemy sent reinforcements who suppressed the revolt. In 308 BC, Ophellas led Cyrenaean and Athenian troops west to join
387:) in the late seventh century BC. It was initially ruled by a dynasty of monarchs called the Battiads, who grew rich and powerful as a result of successive waves of immigration and the export of horses and
1148:
in the event that he died without heirs. However, he regained control of Egypt in 145 BC. In the dynastic conflicts that followed, Cyrene probably remained under the control of Ptolemy VIII and then of
963:
Towards the end of the fifth century BC, one Ariston took control of the city, put five hundred leading Cyreneans to death and exiled others. It is possible that he attempted to establish a radical
739:
Archaeological evidence from the site, especially ceramic finds, confirm that Greek settlement began in the mid-seventh century BC. This early pottery derves from Thera, Sparta, and Samos, but also
2172:
353:
uplands. The archaeological remains cover several hectares and include several monumental temples, stoas, theatres, bathhouses, churches, and palatial residences. The city is surrounded by the
1007:, the Cyreneans sent an embassy to declare their friendship; they did not come under Macedonian control. An inscription records that during a famine in the late 320s, Cyrene sent over 800,000
1180:
3329:
3300:
2145:
732:. Some traditions say that the settlers left Thera because of a famine, others because of a civil war. Most say that the colonists first settled on an island at Aziris (east of
1559:. From the sanctuary, a road known as "Valley Street" leads southeast up the Wadi Bu Turqiyah, roughly parallel to the "Street of Battus", lined by a stepped portico and the
505:), which was considered sacred to Apollo by the city's Greco-Roman inhabitants. The legend of Thessalian Cyrene seems to long predate attestation of the spring, however, and
1535:
509:
instead suggests that the existing legend and name were adopted by the early Theran settlers for this specific location after some unattested but similar local name in the
834:. These reforms appear to have limited the authority of the king to religious matters, vested political power in the Cyrenaean people, and divided the Cyreneans into three
668:
to Egypt, but the only archaeological evidence for this are separate finds of a small Minoan altar and a Minoan seal, which might have been brought over at a later date.
431:, and slowly rebuilt over the following century. Earthquakes in 262 and 365 devastated the city, but some habitation continued through the early Byzantine period and the
8730:
3640:
996:
1288:
to maintain the viability of continued settlement. Restoration work is recorded in inscriptions and visible archaeologically; it was not completed until the reign of
4280:
L'Agorà di Cirene. II,4: Il lato sud della platea inferiore e il lato nord della terrazza superiore / Sandro Stucchi; Lidiano Bacchielli. Con contributi di G. Lepore
1572:
1568:
1556:
1527:
1492:
1340:
a bishop Theodorus of Cyrene was scourged and had his tongue cut out. Earlier editions of the Martyrology mentioned what may be the same person also under 26 March.
1360:
in 395. Settlement seems to have expanded east beyond Claudius Gothicus' fortification wall and a generation after the earthquake, Cyrene was a significant centre.
1352:
destroyed the city on 21 July 365. Skeletons crushed by falling masonry have been found and one tomb inscription mentions the earthquake. A contemporary historian,
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435:
in 642, after which the site was abandoned until the establishment of an Italian military base on the site in 1913. Excavations have been ongoing since that time.
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Dobias-Lalou, Catherine; Bencivenni, Alice; Berthelot, Hugues; Antolini, Simona; Marengo, Silvia Maria; Rosamilia, Emilio; Reynolds, Joyce; Roueché, Charlotte.
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as a separate kingdom ca. 105-101 BC. Apion made a similar will to that of his father and the territory passed to Rome when he died without heirs in 96 BC.
8725:
7457:
1539:
1141:
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826:(ca. 550-530 BC), under whom Cyrene continued to suffer from continued internal conflict. This was resolved through a reform of the city's laws by
3681:
1760:. The pottery excavated at the Sanctuary provides useful evidence concerning both the question of its foundation and type of religious activity.
4548:
1586:
Archaeological finds are stored and displayed in a temporary museum in the eastern portion of the site. In 2005, Italian archaeologists from the
1433:
The Italian colonial government established a military base at the site in 1913. In the course of building the base, Italian soldiers found the "
1384:
285:
1803:
Cyrene contributed to the intellectual life of the Greeks, through renowned philosophers and mathematicians. The School of Cyrene, known as the
8775:
8561:
1284:, the Jewish rebellion left Libya depopulated to such an extent that a few years later new colonies had to be established there by the emperor
3753:
3225:
1100:
of food prices and a large fundraising campaign, possibly for repairs to the city walls. After his death, Apama invited a Macedonian prince,
391:, a medicinal plant. By the fifth century BC, they had expanded their control over the other cities of Cyrenaica. It became the seat of the
8780:
1823:
has called Cyrene "a philosophical Atlantis" thanks to its huge importance in the birth and initial development of the ethics of pleasure.
1197:
794:
1753:
material was accumulated in its interior: pottery, lamps, coinage, stone sculpture, jewellery, inscriptions, glass, as well as bronze and
4464:
3510:
1410:
visited and produced the first site plans in 1821-1822. The French consul at Benghazi looted part of a tomb later in the century for the
8161:
3337:
6148:
3308:
1032:
890:, and structures in the Agora date to this time. Cyrene's chief local export through much of its early history was the medicinal herb
8639:
1430:
in 1911. The tomb of the excavation's epigrapher, Herbert de Cou, who was shot in mysterious circumstances, is located on the site.
1131:
Cyrene was reduced to subject status, a garrison was installed, and a succession of Ptolemaic courtiers were appointed to the city's
781:
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17:
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652:. There is some evidence for settlement in the caves below the Acropolis which may pre-date Greek settlement. It is possible that
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1460:. Goodchild also The Italian mission has excavated much of the site and restored several buildings through the process of
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66:
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La città del silfio. Istituzioni, culti ed economia di Cirene classica ed ellenistica attraverso le fonti epigrafiche
4104:
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849:(ca. 530-515 BC) attempted to revoke Demonax's constitution and was driven into exile. He returned with an army from
631:
590:
549:
2069:
2057:
1591:
The other walls sheltered the statues, so we were able to recover all the pieces, even works that had been broken."
1379:
were built in the fifth or sixth century AD and renovated several times. A bishop of Cyrene name Rufus attended the
1225:
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7355:
6104:
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5526:
1819:, though according to some accounts a grandson of Aristippus with the same name). French Neo-Epicurean philosopher
1507:
1394:
in 643. At some point thereafter it was abandoned, but the ancient name lived on as "Grennah" in the 19th century.
2081:
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2033:
1246:
and later says that Christians from Cyrene and Cyprus were among the assembled. According to the tradition of the
5998:
5858:
5853:
5130:
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1749:
BC to the mid-third century AD. During the time of this sacred activity at the Sanctuary a voluminous amount of
1072:
Cyrene rebelled against Ptolemy again around 305 BC. Control was re-established in 300 BC by Ptolemy's step-son
8585:
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8151:
8031:
7382:
6023:
5437:
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1423:
1391:
1368:. The same letter mentions that a nephew of this Philo, who bore the same name, also became bishop of Cyrene.
432:
1671:
was the largest ancient Greek temple at Cyrene, and one of the largest Greek temples ever built. The original
8745:
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6427:
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5863:
5561:
5271:
4080:"Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique, Libykai Historiai : de l'époque républicaine au principat d'Auguste"
2821:
1632:, which was originally constructed as early as 7th century BC. Other ancient structures include a temple to
8785:
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7474:
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was installed. The temple was destroyed once more in 365 AD by an earthquake and then burnt by Christians.
1242:
claims that Jews from Cyrene heard the disciples speaking in their own language in Jerusalem on the day of
937:
4406:
3607:
8790:
8363:
8294:
6405:
6013:
5889:
5551:
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1479:
342:, an important group of five cities in the region, and gave the area its classical and early modern name
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The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. IV – Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525 to 479 B.C.
7990:
7806:
7066:
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6072:
6067:
6043:
5953:
5470:
4568:
3700:
3582:
358:
323:
7781:
1898:
1060:
8765:
8525:
8496:
7856:
7711:
7424:
7367:
6323:
6126:
6111:
6033:
5968:
5288:
5183:
4657:
4591:
2140:
1722:
1427:
1403:
1380:
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1168:, is said by its author to be an abridgment of a five-volume work by a Hellenized Jew by the name of
1132:
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4771:
2513:(2006). "Egypt, 525–404 B.C.". In Boardman, John; Hammond, N.D.L.; Lewis, D.M.; Ostwald, M. (eds.).
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launched a military expedition against Cyrene, but was decisively defeated at the Battle of Irasa.
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L'Agorà di Cirene. II,1: L' area settentrionale del lato ovest della platea inferiore / F. Martelli
3748:
1717:
was two stories high and two rows of columns divided it into three aisles. The external colonnade (
846:
264:
3928:
Chronicles of the Pharaohs: the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of ancient Egypt
3909:
Cirene e l'acqua: ricerche e documenti sulla gestione delle risorse idriche in città e nella chora
1685:, with a length of 68.3 metres and a width of 30.4 metres, making it roughly the same size as the
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Griechische und lateinische Inschriften zum Ptolemäerreich und zur römischen Provinz Aegyptus.
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1422:. They include the Apollo of Cyrene and a unique bronze head of an African man. The American
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language. Although both the Greek and Latin forms of the name were pronounced something like
451:
743:. The initial area of habitation was a ridge stretching eastwards from the Acropolis to the
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3277:"Person/organisation: Sir Robert Murdoch Smith [Search for 'Robert Murdoch Smith']"
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and take the throne, but he was murdered after a short conflict with Berenice. She married
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Suffraganei Colonienses extraordinarii, sive de sacrae Coloniensis ecclesiae proepiscopis
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of 262, which destroyed much of the city. After the disaster, the city was raided by the
1214:
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L'Agorà di Cirene. II,3: L' area meridionale del lato ovest dell'agorà / Valeria Purcaro
3201:. Vol. II. Paris: Typographia Regia. pp. 621–624 – via Internet Archive.
2563:
1304:
In the mid-third century AD, Cyrene's economy began to decline. This was hastened by an
853:
and regained control but forced out once more and was assassinated at Barca. His mother
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In October 2023, a flood exposed a water canal, possibly dating back to the Roman era.
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temple was constructed around 500-480 BC, It faced east and stood atop a three-stepped
1101:
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and the trans-Saharan trade routes that ended there. The border was established at the
827:
725:
695:
677:
490:
479:
376:
316:
181:
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Parejko, Ken (2003). "Pliny the Elder's Silphium: First Recorded Species Extinction".
817:"the Cruel" (ca. 560-550 BC) led his brothers to leave the city and found the city of
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Alt-Thera und Kyrene – zwei verwandte griechische Städte. Mythos, Geschichte, Kultur.
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1455:
1446:
1333:
1045:
941:
211:
2587:
8580:
8451:
8368:
8124:
8112:
8060:
7796:
7239:
6771:
6736:
6553:
6410:
6288:
6175:
6170:
5495:
5450:
5281:
5188:
4804:
4637:
4622:
4612:
3988:
2567:
2260:
1261:
1114:
1093:
921:
729:
602:
561:
520:
396:
4075:
3438:
3196:
8221:
8211:
8105:
7831:
7254:
7012:
6800:
6613:
6355:
6221:
6153:
5480:
5078:
5060:
5054:
4968:
4945:
4819:
4730:
4690:
4627:
4366:
4355:
4055:
3946:
3783:
3774:
3757:
3203:
3192:
1999:
1931:
1881:
1838:
1808:
1690:
1313:
1273:
1229:
1169:
1085:
1073:
1065:
1036:
839:
683:
428:
416:
412:
408:
379:
by the Greeks themselves but it was probably actually colonized by settlers from
7279:
6992:
4449:
8481:
8476:
8304:
8196:
8176:
8004:
7561:
7531:
7136:
7076:
7071:
7027:
6808:
6756:
6746:
6726:
6716:
6460:
6455:
6450:
5303:
5102:
5096:
5084:
4884:
4859:
4632:
4557:
4515:
4431:
Reynolds, Joyce; Roueché, Charlotte; Bodard, Gabriel; Dobias-Lalou, Catherine.
3459:
3369:
3038:
1919:
1419:
1329:
1265:
1210:
1145:
1076:. After Ptolemy's death in 282 BC, Magas refused to submit to his half-brother
1023:
957:
933:
471:
420:
320:
313:
207:
3992:
2264:
1383:
in 449 and there was still a bishop of Cyrene, named Leontius, at the time of
1160:
The city became an important Jewish centre during the Hellenistic period. The
8719:
8309:
8279:
8100:
7908:
7851:
7372:
7289:
7264:
6954:
6558:
6501:
6400:
6390:
6360:
6342:
6216:
5368:
5150:
5042:
4998:
4960:
4799:
4720:
4000:
2316:
2272:
1820:
1277:
1257:
1154:
984:
917:
913:
895:
506:
143:
130:
7435:
1910:
Idaeus of Cyrene, an ancient Olympic winner at foot-race. He won at 275 B.C.
1640:
approximately 10 km between Cyrene and its ancient port of Apollonia.
952:
were driven to Cyrenaica by adverse winds and Cyrene provided them with two
712:
and in a fourth-century BC inscription found at Cyrene, say that a group of
8383:
8171:
7846:
7606:
7596:
7189:
7141:
7007:
6861:
6731:
6370:
6206:
5712:
5674:
5373:
4500:
4220:
3551:
1890:
1774:
1710:
1625:
1523:
1418:
and E. A. Porcher between 1860 and 1861; their findings mostly went to the
1293:
1233:
1136:
1120:
945:
733:
649:
335:
3948:
The Architecture of Ancient Greece: An Account of Its Historic Development
1653:
873:
7997:
7885:
7591:
7576:
7209:
7101:
7081:
6909:
6417:
6395:
6385:
6380:
6303:
6260:
5807:
5717:
5707:
5594:
5584:
5348:
4725:
4700:
4432:
4418:
Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica and Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica
3062:
2510:
2003:
1867:
1672:
1461:
1317:
1165:
1109:
1089:
780:
and Crete. This sparked conflict with the indigenous Libyans, whose king
777:
748:
6914:
4299:
L'Agorà di Cirene. III,1: Il monumento navale / Anna Lia Ermeti Allegati
4008:
3976:
3563:
2280:
1893:(276 – 194 BC), mathematician, geographer, astronomer; librarian at the
7983:
7902:
7841:
7836:
7776:
7761:
7706:
7691:
7646:
7586:
7571:
7551:
7521:
7486:
7146:
7116:
7111:
7096:
6982:
6949:
6618:
6588:
6255:
5983:
5817:
5659:
5654:
5644:
5629:
5614:
5604:
5579:
4955:
4710:
4665:
4368:
Il tempio e l'altare di Apollo a Cirene: scavi e studi dal 1925 al 1934
2579:
1968:
1844:
1812:
1754:
1718:
1678:
1637:
1365:
1325:
1305:
1251:
1150:
1077:
858:
823:
665:
661:
657:
514:
400:
339:
4337:
Il santuario delle nymphai chthoniai a Cirene: il sito e le terrecotte
2233:
7736:
7721:
7671:
7566:
7556:
7541:
7511:
7121:
7047:
7032:
7002:
6997:
6929:
6853:
6838:
6823:
6766:
6666:
6318:
6250:
5822:
5802:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5727:
5722:
5692:
5639:
5599:
5378:
5244:
5198:
5178:
4809:
4680:
3412:
2957:
2738:
2697:
2130:
2125:
1854:
1848:
1804:
1694:
1682:
1675:
1309:
1243:
1097:
972:
964:
854:
776:
encouraged further Greek settlement in the city, especially from the
752:
721:
703:
699:
500:
459:
392:
384:
373:
343:
275:
177:
105:
4039:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 143–152 & 181–194.
3682:"Libya flood disaster damaged ancient city but revealed new remains"
3170:
2215:
Homer, Hesiod, and the Hymns: Diachronic Development in Epic Diction
1426:
began more scientific excavations in 1910, which were halted by the
415:
and the capital of an independent kingdom. It was also an important
7873:
7651:
7496:
7171:
7161:
7151:
7126:
6904:
6871:
6833:
6776:
6691:
6676:
6533:
6523:
6440:
6435:
5832:
5827:
5787:
5782:
5757:
5737:
5664:
5619:
5609:
5465:
5363:
5298:
5226:
4834:
4510:
4505:
4411:
2656:(The Landmark Thucydides ed.). New York: Touchstone. sec.7.50.
1937:
1816:
1757:
1706:
1361:
1289:
1205:
1193:
1081:
1040:
980:
968:
902:. It was a landing point for Greeks seeking to visit the oracle of
899:
862:
831:
802:
756:
475:
404:
388:
6924:
1003:
conquered Egypt in 331 BC and marched west to visit the oracle at
8446:
7771:
7766:
7666:
7656:
7631:
7314:
7304:
7249:
7244:
7229:
7219:
7204:
7199:
7086:
6974:
6964:
6843:
6818:
6813:
6786:
6781:
6761:
6751:
6741:
6706:
6696:
6686:
6638:
6628:
6603:
6568:
6563:
6538:
6191:
5973:
5634:
5624:
5383:
5353:
5343:
5338:
5318:
5313:
5193:
5140:
4849:
4839:
4829:
4824:
4814:
4526:
3787:
3761:
3686:
2897:
1998:
No longer a residential bishopric, Cyrene is today listed by the
1982:
1975:
1702:
1633:
1519:
1285:
1204:
and succeeded by his brother Learchus, who was murdered in turn.
1092:
and assisted him in an unsuccessful invasion of Egypt during the
1008:
953:
785:
653:
483:
427:. The city was destroyed by Jewish fighters in AD 115 during the
327:
101:
7259:
6573:
3114:
1264:
from Cyrene. Roman statue from the second century AD now in the
1254:
was a native of Cyrene and ordained the first bishop of Cyrene.
1184:
Marble bust of Emperor Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161 AD), from the
7741:
7616:
7284:
7214:
7194:
7156:
7022:
6828:
6721:
6658:
6648:
6593:
6211:
6196:
5792:
5777:
5752:
5747:
5732:
5393:
5388:
5155:
5135:
4879:
4869:
4864:
4735:
4695:
4685:
4670:
4222:
L'Agorà di Cirene. I: I lati nord ed est della platea inferiore
3662:
2146:
Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya
1750:
1745:
1698:
1629:
1503:
1468:
1411:
992:
949:
788:
740:
717:
691:
687:
526:
486:
369:
4090:(1). Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
3146:
3085:
838:. He may also have mediated a peace with Barca and introduced
617:
576:
8117:
8095:
7751:
7294:
7269:
7166:
7106:
7091:
6959:
6919:
6671:
6583:
6578:
6548:
6543:
6518:
6201:
5742:
5697:
5649:
5221:
5173:
4874:
4844:
4791:
4766:
4705:
4675:
4484:
4430:
2606:
1714:
1518:
Cyrene is now an archaeological site north of the village of
1483:
1192:
After 96 BC, the Romans initially ignored the new territory.
1153:. It was apparently given to Ptolemy VIII's illegitimate son
1135:. Cyrene was established as a separate kingdom once more for
1012:
1004:
907:
903:
850:
835:
806:
760:
744:
713:
494:
465:
380:
331:
39:
4060:. Libya Archaeological Guides. Vol. 2. Silphium Press.
3975:
Goodchild, R. G.; Reynolds, J. M.; Herington, C. J. (1958).
3586:
2780:
Agathokles of Syracuse: Sicilian Tyrant and Hellenistic King
1609:
27:
Ancient Greek and Roman city near present-day Shahhat, Libya
7299:
7274:
7224:
6711:
6701:
1402:
The site was totally abandoned in the early modern period.
1218:
1117:, Ecdelus and Demophanes, may also belong in this period.
1015:) to the cities of Greece and the Macedonian royal family.
623:
608:
582:
567:
541:
535:
510:
489:. Some modern scholars sometimes attribute the name to its
4413:
4195:
The Necropolis of Cyrene: two hundred years of exploration
3974:
3569:
3557:
3481:
3003:
3001:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2887:
2885:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2660:
2623:
2621:
2474:
2472:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2392:
2390:
2165:"21 World Heritage Sites you have probably never heard of"
1744:
The sanctuary to Demeter and Persephone, which includes a
1657:
The reconstructed temple of Zeus, seen from the southwest.
1491:-led team conducted ongoing emergency conservation on the
50:
4115:
De Cyrène à Catherine : trois mille ans de libyennes
3529:
3527:
3370:
Alessandro Chechi; Anne Laure Bandle; Marc-André Renold.
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3075:
3073:
3071:
2987:. Loeb Classical Library edition, Plutarch. Vol. III
2517:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 266.
2330:
2328:
2326:
1583:
covers about 20 km² to the south and north of the city.
991:. Cyrene may also have extended its control eastwards to
365:, located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) to the north.
3259:
3257:
3255:
3227:
Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques
2909:
2193:
2191:
2189:
1144:. He also had a will inscribed, promising Cyrene to the
698:
and brought her to Libya, where she gave birth to a son
4407:
University of Pennsylvania Museum excavations at Cyrene
3104:
3102:
3100:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2998:
2921:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2796:
2714:
2672:
2633:
2618:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2469:
2414:
2387:
2370:"Archaic Cyrene and the Cult of Demeter and Persephone"
3621:
3539:
3524:
3351:
3233:
3068:
2938:
2531:
2402:
2323:
2251:
Boardman, John (1968). "Bronze Age Greece and Libya".
1740:
Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone, Cyrene
1733:
1414:. The first systematic excavations were undertaken by
1224:
Because of its large Jewish population, Cyrene was an
1027:
The Cyrene bronze head in the British Museum (300 BC).
4139:
4097:
La scoperta di Cirene: un secolo di scavi (1913-2013)
3393:
3252:
2782:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 265–267.
2457:
2186:
1880:
winner at chariot-race. There was a statue of him at
1870:(310/305 – 240 BC), poet, critic, and scholar at the
1847:(c. 435 – c. 356 BC), philosopher and founder of the
632:
620:
605:
591:
579:
564:
550:
538:
523:
3198:
Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus
3158:
3097:
3013:
2863:
2594:
2484:
2445:
1057:'s attack on Carthage and was immediately murdered.
924:
in 460 BC, in celebration of which Pindar wrote the
724:, founded Cyrene in 631 BC, under the leadership of
614:
573:
532:
4142:
Justinianic mosaic pavements in Cyrenaican Churches
2981:Plutarch (1931). "Bravery of Women (Part 2 of 2)".
1080:and had crowned himself king by 276 BC. He married
690:in the early fifth century BC reports that the god
611:
570:
529:
482:who supposedly founded the city with help from the
8731:Populated places established in the 7th century BC
3608:"Mediterranean and Near Eastern Fieldwork at Penn"
3187:
3185:
979:During the fourth century BC, Cyrene clashed with
4479:
4277:
4162:Antiquitates, vol 71. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač,
4140:Rosenbaum, Elizabeth; Ward-Perkins, John (1980).
3887:
8717:
4296:
2221:: Cambridge University Press, p. 247, n. 38
664:, since it is on the easiest sea route from the
558:, they are more often read in modern English as
4762:
4371:(in Italian). Istituto Italiano dÁrti Grafiche.
4334:
3888:Asolati, Michele; Crisafulli, Cristina (2018).
3191:
3182:
2652:Thucydides (1998). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1534:and a number of other palatial residences, the
4297:Ermeti, Anna Lia; Bacchielli, Lidiano (1981).
4125:(in Italian). Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore.
3712:Pausanias, Description of Greece, Paus. 6.18.1
1336:mentions under 4 July a tradition that in the
784:appealed to Egypt for help around 570 BC. The
7465:
7451:
4542:
4465:
4335:Santucci, Anna; Micheli, Maria Elisa (2000).
4278:Bacchielli, Lidiano; Stucchi, Sandro (1983).
1934:, the man who helped carry the cross of Jesus
1312:, Libyan nomads, who were defeated in 269 by
470:) of uncertain origin. The Greeks themselves
3437:. Global Heritage Fund (GHF). Archived from
1624:One of its more significant features is the
1328:, Cyrene became part of the new province of
1292:. The city was an early member of Hadrian's
1188:at Cyrene, now in The British Museum, London
411:, the city alternated between being part of
8726:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Libya
4353:
3890:Cirene e la Cirenaica in età greca e romana
1940:(c. 373 – c. 414 AD), author and bishop of
1140:including the construction of a monumental
813:According to Herodotus, conflict with king
763:) were settled at the same time as Cyrene.
702:. Greek historical traditions, reported in
445:
7458:
7444:
5428:
4549:
4535:
4472:
4458:
4315:
4239:
2651:
2253:The Annual of the British School at Athens
1068:as king of Cyrene, circa 282/75 to 261 BC.
4120:
3965:
3501:"Interview with archaeologist Mario Luni"
3372:"Case: Venus of Cyrene – Italy and Libya"
3007:
2932:
2891:
2807:
2725:
2683:
2666:
2639:
2627:
2478:
2427:
2396:
2334:
2292:
2290:
1610:Caesareum and Stoa of Hermes and Heracles
648:People have lived in Cyrenaica since the
4433:"IRCyr. Inscriptions of Roman Cyrenaica"
4015:
3944:
3734:Pausanias, Description of Greece, 6.12.2
3570:Goodchild, Reynolds & Herington 1958
3558:Goodchild, Reynolds & Herington 1958
3545:
3378:. Art-Law Centre, University of Geneva.
3230:, vol. XIII, Paris 1956, coll. 1162–1164
3216:
3214:
3212:
2980:
2903:
2777:
2698:"Account of Cyrene about grain supplies"
2695:
2250:
1773:
1652:
1604:
1256:
1179:
1119:
1059:
1022:
967:on the Athenian model. A group of 3,000
872:
793:
4364:
4258:
4218:
4173:
4074:
4053:
3925:
3906:
3824:"Titular Episcopal See of Cyrene Libya"
3750:Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae
3668:
3633:
3627:
3533:
3487:
3460:"Archaeological Site of Cyrene (Libya)"
3399:
3357:
3263:
3246:
3176:
3164:
3152:
3120:
3108:
3091:
3079:
3026:
2944:
2876:
2612:
2600:
2549:
2537:
2497:
2463:
2451:
2439:
2408:
2376:. Vol. 17, no. 4. Penn Museum
2296:
2208:
2206:
2197:
1542:, two theatres, a sacred area, and the
1031:In 324 BC, a Spartan mercenary leader,
999:at Delphi between 350 and 325 BC. When
14:
8718:
8487:Latin translations of the 12th century
6482:
4225:(in Italian). L'Erma di Bretchneider.
2773:
2771:
2287:
2010:has also treated it as a titular see.
1619:
1513:
8776:Populated places in ancient Cyrenaica
8217:Straightedge and compass construction
7439:
7339:
6481:
5910:
5414:
4761:
4581:
4530:
4453:
4357:Gli scavi delle terme romane a Cirene
4192:
4034:
3641:"Ancient Libyan Necropolis Bulldozed"
3209:
2915:
2367:
2212:
1096:. Inscribed accounts indicate severe
1018:
399:in the fourth century BC, founded by
73:
8182:Incircle and excircles of a triangle
6950:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
4582:
4094:
3981:Papers of the British School at Rome
2203:
8781:Roman amphitheaters in North Africa
4501:Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna
4339:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.
4301:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.
4197:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.
4099:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.
3911:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.
3892:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.
2958:"Will of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II"
2844:
2819:
2778:de Lisle, Christopher Mark (2021).
2768:
2509:
1734:Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone
1577:Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone
1343:
1039:for help. Ptolemy sent his general
868:
716:Greeks, who had been expelled from
423:and became part of the province of
24:
5911:
4556:
4318:L'insula di Giasone Magno a Cirene
3966:Goodchild, Richard George (1971).
3583:"Cyrenaica Archaeological Project"
3301:"Colossal marble statue of Apollo"
2299:Greece in the making, 1200–469 B.C
1964:Known bishops of the town include
1959:
1949:(c. 5th century BC), mathematician
1643:
25:
8802:
4376:
4037:A History of the Ptolemaic Empire
3951:. Biblo & Tannen Publishers.
3805:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
2348:"Art and Craft in Archaic Sparta"
1826:
1713:) by three columns in antis. The
1648:
1397:
938:defeated by the Persians in Egypt
894:, which may have been used as an
766:
8699:
8686:
7419:
7409:
7400:
7399:
4516:Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus
4392:Explore Cyrene with Google Earth
3585:. Cyrenacica.org. Archived from
2572:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02067.x
2301:. London: Routledge. p. 8.
2110:
2101:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2020:
1508:List of World Heritage in Danger
1474:in 1982. Beginning in 2006, the
1316:, prefect of Egypt. The emperor
601:
560:
519:
419:hub. In 96 BC, it passed to the
72:
65:
49:
7420:
4506:Archaeological Site of Sabratha
3945:Dinsmoor, William Bell (1950).
3881:
3867:from the original on 2017-06-25
3845:
3834:from the original on 2017-06-17
3816:
3793:
3767:
3738:
3727:
3716:
3705:
3694:
3674:
3600:
3575:
3513:from the original on 2011-05-14
3493:
3470:from the original on 2017-10-22
3452:
3423:
3413:"Archaeological Site of Cyrene"
3405:
3382:from the original on 2013-12-13
3363:
3322:
3293:
3269:
3126:
3056:
3044:
3032:
2974:
2962:Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica
2950:
2838:
2813:
2755:
2743:Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica
2731:
2702:Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica
2689:
2645:
2543:
2503:
2175:from the original on 2015-12-03
1907:(fl. 6th century BC), epic poet
1790:
1705:) was supported by two columns
1614:
1390:(580–607). The city fell under
1175:
694:fell in love with the huntress
8519:A History of Greek Mathematics
8032:The Quadrature of the Parabola
4084:Études d'Antiquités Africaines
3977:"The Temple of Zeus at Cyrene"
2765:Münster: Lit, 2015, pp. 26–33.
2361:
2340:
2244:
2226:
2157:
1728:
1332:(also called Pentapolis). The
1200:, who was deposed by his wife
433:Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
349:Cyrene lies on a ridge of the
13:
1:
8756:Archaeological sites in Libya
8751:World Heritage Sites in Libya
5021:
5008:
4989:
4972:
4496:Archaeological Site of Cyrene
4193:Thorn, James Copland (2005).
3701:Polyaenus, Strategems, 2.27.1
3179:, pp. 150, 188, 225–226.
2151:
1916:(3rd century BC), philosopher
1798:
1763:
1272:A massive Jewish revolt, the
1196:mentions a tyrant of Cyrene,
720:and settled on the island of
671:
357:. Since 1982, it has been a
239:Archaeological Site of Cyrene
55:Sanctuary of Apollo at Cyrene
8300:Intersecting secants theorem
6149:Funeral and burial practices
5334:Military of Mycenaean Greece
4354:Ghislanzoni, Ettore (1916).
4316:Mingazzini, Paolino (1966).
4240:Bacchielli, Lidiano (1981).
3723:Perseus Encyclopedia, Idaeus
3417:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
2350:. Metropolitan Museum of Art
1807:, developed here as a minor
1594:
1226:early centre of Christianity
916:won the chariot race at the
501:
460:
7:
8295:Intersecting chords theorem
8162:Doctrine of proportionality
4113:Poli Fabrice, Vottéro Guy,
3970:(in German). Zurich: Raggi.
3135:(Typographia Vaticana 2001
2119:
1876:Cratisthenes of Cyrene, an
1536:Stoa of Hermes and Heracles
1480:Second University of Naples
1320:restored Cyrene, naming it
971:who had been expelled from
368:The city was attributed to
10:
8807:
7991:On the Sphere and Cylinder
7944:On the Sizes and Distances
6073:Greek Revival architecture
5415:
4437:ircyr2020.inslib.kcl.ac.uk
4121:Rosamilia, Emilio (2023).
4117:, Nancy, ADRA, 2005, 464p.
4016:Grainger, John D. (2010).
3926:Clayton, Peter A. (2006).
3330:"Bronze portrait of a man"
2013:
1899:circumference of the Earth
1767:
1737:
1660:
1478:, in partnership with the
877:The Temple of Zeus, Cyrene
805:for export, on a Laconian
728:, at the prompting of the
675:
643:
495:
466:
359:UNESCO World Heritage Site
229:UNESCO World Heritage Site
40:
8693:Ancient Greece portal
8682:
8632:
8510:
8497:Philosophy of mathematics
8467:
8460:
8434:
8412:Ptolemy's table of chords
8356:
8338:
8237:
8230:
8086:
8048:
7865:
7473:
7467:Ancient Greek mathematics
7395:
7346:
7340:
7335:
7180:
7057:
7046:
6973:
6895:
6852:
6799:
6657:
6509:
6500:
6496:
6477:
6426:
6341:
6279:
6241:
6234:
6184:
6144:
6135:
6057:
5934:
5930:
5906:
5872:
5841:
5683:
5570:
5514:
5481:Attalid kings of Pergamon
5436:
5427:
5423:
5410:
5289:Antigonid Macedonian army
5262:
5235:
5207:
5164:
5121:
5112:
4954:
4893:
4790:
4786:
4757:
4656:
4605:
4601:
4577:
4564:
4491:
4259:Purcaro, Valeria (2001).
3993:10.1017/S0068246200007054
3907:Cariddi, Lorenzo (2020).
3334:British Museum Highlights
3305:British Museum Highlights
3281:British Museum Collection
3123:, pp. 149 & 154.
2906:, pp. 325 & 327.
2696:Dobias-Lalou, Catherine.
2265:10.1017/S006824540001426X
2141:Priest of Apollo (Cyrene)
1897:. First to calculate the
1723:Statue of Zeus at Olympia
1428:Italian invasion of Libya
1381:Robber Council of Ephesus
1338:persecution of Diocletian
1172:who lived around 100 BC.
1011:of grain (ca. 40,000,000
960:to lead them to Sicily.
801:oversees the weighing of
295:
291:
281:
271:
259:
251:
243:
235:
226:
222:
217:
203:
195:
187:
172:
167:
159:
122:
112:
97:
89:
60:
48:
37:
8364:Aristarchus's inequality
7937:On Conoids and Spheroids
4401:Cyrene and the Cyrenaica
4219:Stucchi, Sandro (1965).
4174:Stucchi, Sandro (1976).
4054:Kenrick, Philip (2013).
3645:Archaeology News Network
2851:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
2826:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
2739:"Diagramma of Ptolemy I"
1864:Callicratidas, a general
1599:
1467:The site was declared a
1104:, to marry her daughter
18:Temple of Apollo, Cyrene
8761:Greek colonies in Libya
8472:Ancient Greek astronomy
8285:Inscribed angle theorem
8275:Greek geometric algebra
7930:Measurement of a Circle
4396:Global Heritage Network
4365:Pernier, Luigi (1935).
4320:. Rome: Bretschneider.
4282:. Roma: Bretschneider.
4263:. Roma: Bretschneider.
4244:. Roma: Bretschneider.
4178:. Rome: Bretschneider.
4144:. Rome: Bretschneider.
4035:Hölbl, Günther (2001).
3930:. Thames & Hudson.
3773:Anton Joseph Binterim,
3671:, p. 238, 244-245.
3155:, pp. 7 & 150.
3094:, pp. 6 & 163.
2297:Osborne, Robin (2009).
2213:Janko, Richard (1982),
2136:List of Kings of Cyrene
1994:Leontius (fl.600 circa)
1815:(perhaps the friend of
995:. Cyrene constructed a
599:or, in its Latin form,
440:
363:Apollonia (Marsa Sousa)
8706:Mathematics portal
8492:Non-Euclidean geometry
8447:Mouseion of Alexandria
8320:Tangent-secant theorem
8270:Geometric mean theorem
8255:Exterior angle theorem
8250:Angle bisector theorem
7954:On Sizes and Distances
5515:Artists & scholars
5430:List of ancient Greeks
5067:Second Athenian League
4916:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
4741:Ancient Greek colonies
4383:Cyrene project summary
4360:(in Italian). Alfieri.
4176:Architettura cirenaica
3853:"Cyrene (Titular See)
3647:. 2013. Archived from
2984:De Mulierum Virtutibus
2845:Bennett, Christopher.
2822:"Magas king of Cyrene"
2820:Bennett, Christopher.
2615:, pp. 3 & 39.
2368:White, Domald (1975).
2027:Agora Victory Monument
1988:Filo II (fl.370 circa)
1928:, philosopher of music
1783:
1778:Rock-cut tombs in the
1663:Temple of Zeus, Cyrene
1658:
1388:Eulogius of Alexandria
1269:
1248:Coptic Orthodox Church
1189:
1128:
1069:
1055:Agathocles of Syracuse
1050:Treaty of Triparadisus
1028:
878:
810:
660:visited Cyrene in the
446:
361:. The city's port was
8394:Pappus's area theorem
8330:Theorem of the gnomon
8207:Quadratrix of Hippias
8130:Circles of Apollonius
8078:Problem of Apollonius
8056:Constructible numbers
7880:Archimedes Palimpsest
6634:Sybaris on the Traeis
5359:Sacred Band of Thebes
5099:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
4613:Cycladic civilization
3764:, 1931), p. 462.
3133:Martyrologium Romanum
2654:The Peloponnesian War
2008:Greek Orthodox Church
1895:Library of Alexandria
1872:Library of Alexandria
1777:
1656:
1605:House of Jason Magnus
1532:House of Jason Magnus
1299:House of Jason Magnus
1260:
1232:carried the cross of
1186:house of Jason Magnus
1183:
1123:
1063:
1026:
989:Altars of the Phileni
920:in 462 BC and at the
876:
797:
338:. It was part of the
144:32.82500°N 21.85806°E
90:Alternative name
8746:Jebel Akhdar (Libya)
8610:prehistoric counting
8407:Ptolemy's inequality
8348:Apollonius's theorem
8187:Method of exhaustion
8157:Diophantine equation
8147:Circumscribed circle
7964:On the Moving Sphere
6159:mythological figures
5880:Ancient Greek tribes
5005:Peloponnesian League
4511:Old Town of Ghadamès
4481:World Heritage Sites
4387:Global Heritage Fund
4158:Sachs, Gerd (2019).
4095:Luni, Mario (2014).
3968:Kyrene und Apollonia
3745:Pius Bonifacius Gams
2552:Conservation Biology
2238:Strong's Concordance
2075:The Temple of Apollo
2063:The Temple of Apollo
1953:Theaetetus of Cyrene
1922:, Hellenistic writer
1833:Aretaphila of Cyrene
1780:necropolis of Cyrene
1770:Necropolis of Cyrene
1588:University of Urbino
1581:necropolis of Cyrene
1506:added Cyrene to its
1476:Global Heritage Fund
1445:captured Cyrenaica.
1416:Robert Murdoch Smith
1354:Ammianus Marcellinus
1282:Eusebius of Caesarea
1202:Aretaphila of Cyrene
1133:priesthood of Apollo
1084:the daughter of the
397:school of philosophy
355:Necropolis of Cyrene
8786:Crete and Cyrenaica
8696: •
8502:Neusis construction
8422:Spiral of Theodorus
8315:Pythagorean theorem
8260:Euclidean algorithm
8202:Lune of Hippocrates
8071:Squaring the circle
7827:Theon of Alexandria
7502:Aristaeus the Elder
6271:Tunnel of Eupalinos
6266:Theatre of Dionysus
5890:Ancient Macedonians
5506:Tyrants of Syracuse
5018:Amphictyonic League
4618:Minoan civilization
3801:Annuario Pontificio
3490:, pp. 148–254.
3041:15:21 and parallels
2918:, pp. 185–186.
2564:2003ConBi..17..925P
2442:, pp. 195–197.
2374:Expedition Magazine
1701:. The front porch (
1636:. There is a large
1620:Sanctuary of Apollo
1553:Sanctuary of Apollo
1514:Archaeological site
1497:Sanctuary of Apollo
1472:World Heritage Site
1228:. A Cyrenian named
1215:Crete and Cyrenaica
1001:Alexander the Great
976:following century.
936:army that had been
861:governor of Egypt,
472:attributed the name
425:Crete and Cyrenaica
140: /
104:, Jabal al Akhdar,
34:
8791:Baladiyat of Libya
8389:Menelaus's theorem
8379:Irrational numbers
8192:Parallel postulate
8167:Euclidean geometry
8135:Apollonian circles
7677:Isidore of Miletus
6945:Menestheus's Limin
6599:Pandosia (Lucania)
6487:Greek colonisation
5849:Athenian statesmen
5610:Diogenes of Sinope
5471:Kings of Macedonia
5461:Kings of Commagene
5329:Macedonian phalanx
5309:Hellenistic armies
5057:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
4921:Indo-Greek Kingdom
4643:Hellenistic Greece
4213:Excavation reports
3861:Catholic-Hierarchy
3782:2018-01-07 at the
3756:2015-06-26 at the
3220:Raymond Janin, v.
2761:Pfeiffer, Stefan:
2087:The Tomb of Battus
2051:The Temple of Zeus
2039:The Temple of Zeus
1811:school founded by
1784:
1709:; the back porch (
1659:
1482:(SUN, Italy), the
1358:Theodosian decrees
1270:
1262:Apollo Kitharoidos
1190:
1129:
1102:Demetrius the Fair
1070:
1029:
1019:Hellenistic period
993:Catabathmus Magnus
930:Fifth Pythian Odes
879:
811:
686:first recorded by
678:Greek colonisation
372:and the legendary
272:Reference no.
149:32.82500; 21.85806
81:Shown within Libya
32:
8713:
8712:
8678:
8677:
8430:
8429:
8417:Ptolemy's theorem
8290:Intercept theorem
8140:Apollonian gasket
8066:Doubling the cube
8039:The Sand Reckoner
7433:
7432:
7391:
7390:
7331:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7323:
7322:
6897:Iberian Peninsula
6829:Lipara/Meligounis
6795:
6794:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6446:Cypriot syllabary
6337:
6336:
6246:Athenian Treasury
6230:
6229:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5491:Ptolemaic dynasty
5451:Archons of Athens
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5277:Athenian military
5258:
5257:
5091:League of Corinth
5073:Thessalian League
5049:Chalcidian League
5031:Acarnanian League
4941:Ptolemaic Kingdom
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4524:
4523:
4403:by Jona Lendering
4168:978-3-339-10636-0
4067:978-1-900971-14-0
3958:978-0-8196-0283-1
3811:978-88-209-9070-1
3690:. 5 October 2023.
3506:The Art Newspaper
3376:Platform ArThemis
3141:978-88-209-7210-3
2669:, pp. 23–24.
2308:978-0-415-46991-3
1447:Richard Goodchild
1334:Roman Martyrology
1318:Claudius Gothicus
942:Peloponnesian War
888:Temple of Demeter
845:Battus III's son
809:, ca. 565-560 BC.
474:to the legendary
326:near present-day
304:, also sometimes
299:
298:
212:Umayyad Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
8798:
8766:Tourism in Libya
8704:
8703:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8465:
8464:
8452:Platonic Academy
8399:Problem II.8 of
8369:Crossbar theorem
8325:Thales's theorem
8265:Euclid's theorem
8235:
8234:
8152:Commensurability
8113:Axiomatic system
8061:Angle trisection
8026:
8016:
7978:
7968:
7958:
7948:
7924:
7914:
7897:
7460:
7453:
7446:
7437:
7436:
7423:
7422:
7413:
7403:
7402:
7337:
7336:
7055:
7054:
6554:Heraclea Lucania
6507:
6506:
6498:
6497:
6479:
6478:
6239:
6238:
6171:Twelve Olympians
6142:
6141:
5932:
5931:
5908:
5907:
5496:Seleucid dynasty
5476:Kings of Paionia
5425:
5424:
5412:
5411:
5282:Scythian archers
5189:Graphe paranomon
5119:
5118:
5026:
5023:
5013:
5010:
4994:
4991:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4788:
4787:
4759:
4758:
4638:Classical Greece
4623:Mycenaean Greece
4603:
4602:
4579:
4578:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4372:
4361:
4350:
4331:
4312:
4293:
4274:
4255:
4236:
4208:
4189:
4155:
4136:
4110:
4091:
4071:
4050:
4031:
4012:
3971:
3962:
3941:
3922:
3903:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3820:
3814:
3797:
3791:
3771:
3765:
3742:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3560:, p. 51-61.
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3336:. Archived from
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3307:. Archived from
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3250:
3244:
3231:
3218:
3207:
3204:Via Google Books
3202:
3189:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3011:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2880:
2874:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2794:
2793:
2775:
2766:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2482:
2476:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2321:
2320:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2210:
2201:
2195:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2161:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
1859:Academic skeptic
1459:
1344:Byzantine period
1162:deuterocanonical
1094:First Syrian War
869:Classical period
857:appealed to the
730:Oracle of Delphi
636:
630:
629:
626:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
595:
589:
588:
585:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
554:
548:
547:
544:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
504:
498:
497:
469:
468:
463:
449:
403:, a disciple of
330:in northeastern
155:
154:
152:
151:
150:
145:
141:
138:
137:
136:
133:
76:
75:
69:
53:
43:
42:
35:
31:
21:
8806:
8805:
8801:
8800:
8799:
8797:
8796:
8795:
8736:Dorian colonies
8716:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8698:
8687:
8685:
8674:
8640:Arabian/Islamic
8628:
8617:numeral systems
8506:
8456:
8426:
8374:Heron's formula
8352:
8334:
8226:
8222:Triangle center
8212:Regular polygon
8089:and definitions
8088:
8082:
8044:
8024:
8014:
7976:
7966:
7956:
7946:
7922:
7912:
7895:
7861:
7832:Theon of Smyrna
7477:
7469:
7464:
7434:
7429:
7387:
7342:
7319:
7182:
7176:
7059:
7050:
7042:
7013:Melaina Korkyra
6969:
6891:
6848:
6801:Aeolian Islands
6791:
6653:
6511:
6492:
6491:
6465:
6422:
6333:
6275:
6226:
6180:
6131:
6053:
6044:Wedding customs
5926:
5925:
5894:
5885:Thracian Greeks
5868:
5859:Olympic victors
5837:
5679:
5566:
5510:
5501:Kings of Sparta
5486:Kings of Pontus
5456:Kings of Athens
5432:
5419:
5398:
5294:Army of Macedon
5254:
5231:
5203:
5160:
5108:
5081:(370–c. 230 BC)
5079:Arcadian League
5063:(c. 400–188 BC)
5061:Aetolian League
5055:Boeotian League
5037:Hellenic League
5024:
5011:
5001:(c. 650–404 BC)
4992:
4986:Italiote League
4979:
4975:
4969:Doric Hexapolis
4959:
4950:
4946:Seleucid Empire
4889:
4782:
4781:
4745:
4652:
4628:Greek Dark Ages
4597:
4596:
4573:
4560:
4555:
4525:
4520:
4487:
4478:
4441:
4439:
4422:
4420:
4379:
4347:
4328:
4309:
4290:
4271:
4252:
4233:
4205:
4186:
4152:
4133:
4107:
4068:
4047:
4028:
4018:The Syrian Wars
3959:
3938:
3919:
3900:
3884:
3879:
3870:
3868:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3837:
3835:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3798:
3794:
3784:Wayback Machine
3772:
3768:
3758:Wayback Machine
3743:
3739:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3706:
3699:
3695:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3613:
3611:
3610:. Sas.upenn.edu
3606:
3605:
3601:
3592:
3590:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3568:
3564:
3556:
3552:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3525:
3516:
3514:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3473:
3471:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3444:
3442:
3431:"Cyrene, Libya"
3429:
3428:
3424:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3385:
3383:
3368:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3343:
3341:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3314:
3312:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3285:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3253:
3245:
3234:
3219:
3210:
3193:Michel Le Quien
3190:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3131:
3127:
3119:
3115:
3107:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3078:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3014:
3006:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2979:
2975:
2966:
2964:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2883:
2875:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2797:
2790:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2704:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2485:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2388:
2379:
2377:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2324:
2309:
2295:
2288:
2249:
2245:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2169:Daily Telegraph
2163:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2085:
2076:
2073:
2064:
2061:
2052:
2049:
2040:
2037:
2028:
2025:
2016:
2000:Catholic Church
1962:
1960:List of bishops
1932:Simon of Cyrene
1849:Cyrenaic School
1839:Arete of Cyrene
1829:
1801:
1793:
1772:
1766:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1665:
1651:
1646:
1644:Central Quarter
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1573:Central Quarter
1557:Baths of Trajan
1516:
1453:
1435:Venus of Cyrene
1408:Richard Beechey
1400:
1346:
1314:Tenagino Probus
1280:. According to
1274:Diaspora revolt
1250:, its founder,
1178:
1170:Jason of Cyrene
1046:Ptolemaic realm
1037:Ptolemy I Soter
1021:
871:
840:trial by combat
769:
680:
674:
646:
634:
604:
600:
593:
563:
559:
552:
522:
518:
443:
429:Diaspora revolt
413:Ptolemaic Egypt
409:Hellenistic Age
231:
176:Colonists from
148:
146:
142:
139:
134:
131:
129:
127:
126:
85:
84:
83:
82:
79:
78:
77:
56:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8804:
8794:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8711:
8710:
8683:
8680:
8679:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8636:
8634:
8633:Other cultures
8630:
8629:
8627:
8626:
8625:
8624:
8614:
8613:
8612:
8602:
8601:
8600:
8590:
8589:
8588:
8578:
8577:
8576:
8566:
8565:
8564:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8542:
8541:
8540:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8514:
8512:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8482:Greek numerals
8479:
8477:Attic numerals
8474:
8468:
8462:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8438:
8436:
8432:
8431:
8428:
8427:
8425:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8344:
8342:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8305:Law of cosines
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8246:
8244:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8197:Platonic solid
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8177:Greek numerals
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8137:
8127:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8110:
8109:
8108:
8103:
8092:
8090:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8075:
8074:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8052:
8050:
8046:
8045:
8043:
8042:
8035:
8028:
8018:
8008:
8005:Planisphaerium
8001:
7994:
7987:
7980:
7970:
7960:
7950:
7940:
7933:
7926:
7916:
7906:
7899:
7889:
7882:
7877:
7869:
7867:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7483:
7481:
7475:Mathematicians
7471:
7470:
7463:
7462:
7455:
7448:
7440:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7427:
7417:
7407:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7333:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7186:
7184:
7178:
7177:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7063:
7061:
7052:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6979:
6977:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6858:
6856:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6805:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6747:Megara Hyblaea
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6727:Hybla Gereatis
6724:
6719:
6717:Heraclea Minoa
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6663:
6661:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6513:
6504:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6483:
6475:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6461:Attic numerals
6458:
6456:Greek numerals
6453:
6451:Greek alphabet
6448:
6443:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6347:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6242:
6236:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6151:
6145:
6139:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6105:Musical system
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6064:
6062:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5940:
5938:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5912:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5537:Mathematicians
5534:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5446:Kings of Argos
5442:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5421:
5420:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5304:Cretan archers
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5103:Achaean League
5100:
5097:Euboean League
5094:
5088:
5085:Epirote League
5082:
5076:
5070:
5064:
5058:
5052:
5046:
5040:
5034:
5033:(c. 500–31 BC)
5028:
5015:
5002:
4996:
4983:
4965:
4963:
4961:Confederations
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4885:Lissus (Crete)
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4794:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4763:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4633:Archaic Greece
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4609:
4607:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4583:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4558:Ancient Greece
4554:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4531:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4477:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4428:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4389:
4378:
4377:External links
4375:
4374:
4373:
4362:
4351:
4345:
4332:
4326:
4313:
4307:
4294:
4288:
4275:
4269:
4256:
4250:
4237:
4231:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4203:
4190:
4184:
4171:
4156:
4150:
4137:
4131:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4092:
4076:Laronde, Andre
4072:
4066:
4051:
4045:
4032:
4026:
4013:
3972:
3963:
3957:
3942:
3936:
3923:
3917:
3904:
3898:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3844:
3815:
3792:
3766:
3737:
3726:
3715:
3704:
3693:
3673:
3661:
3632:
3630:, p. 235.
3620:
3599:
3574:
3562:
3550:
3538:
3536:, p. 222.
3523:
3492:
3480:
3451:
3422:
3404:
3392:
3362:
3360:, p. 237.
3350:
3321:
3292:
3268:
3251:
3249:, p. 151.
3232:
3208:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3125:
3113:
3096:
3084:
3082:, p. 149.
3067:
3055:
3043:
3031:
3012:
3008:Rosamilia 2023
2997:
2973:
2949:
2947:, p. 259.
2937:
2933:Rosamilia 2023
2920:
2908:
2896:
2892:Rosamilia 2023
2881:
2862:
2837:
2812:
2808:Rosamilia 2023
2795:
2788:
2767:
2754:
2730:
2726:Rosamilia 2023
2713:
2688:
2684:Rosamilia 2023
2671:
2667:Rosamilia 2023
2659:
2644:
2640:Rosamilia 2023
2632:
2628:Rosamilia 2023
2617:
2605:
2593:
2558:(3): 925–927.
2542:
2540:, p. 242.
2530:
2523:
2502:
2483:
2479:Rosamilia 2023
2468:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2428:Rosamilia 2023
2413:
2411:, p. 156.
2401:
2397:Rosamilia 2023
2386:
2360:
2339:
2335:Rosamilia 2023
2322:
2307:
2286:
2243:
2234:"2957. Kuréné"
2225:
2202:
2200:, p. 200.
2185:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2019:
2015:
2012:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1920:Philostephanus
1917:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1888:
1874:
1865:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1828:
1827:Notable people
1825:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1768:Main article:
1765:
1762:
1738:Main article:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1687:Temple of Zeus
1669:Temple of Zeus
1661:Main article:
1650:
1649:Temple of Zeus
1647:
1645:
1642:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1569:Market Theatre
1565:Baths of Paris
1515:
1512:
1451:Sandro Stucchi
1424:Richard Norton
1420:British Museum
1399:
1398:Modern history
1396:
1345:
1342:
1330:Libya Superior
1266:British Museum
1211:Roman province
1177:
1174:
1146:Roman Republic
1020:
1017:
948:travelling to
946:Spartan forces
884:Temple of Zeus
870:
867:
847:Arcesilaus III
768:
767:Archaic period
765:
676:Main article:
673:
670:
645:
642:
442:
439:
421:Roman Republic
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
261:
257:
256:
253:
249:
248:
245:
241:
240:
237:
233:
232:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
215:
214:
208:Archaic Greece
205:
201:
200:
199:7th century AD
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
174:
170:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
80:
71:
70:
64:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8803:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8771:Cyrene, Libya
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8741:Ancient Thera
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8708:
8707:
8702:
8695:
8694:
8681:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8631:
8623:
8620:
8619:
8618:
8615:
8611:
8608:
8607:
8606:
8603:
8599:
8596:
8595:
8594:
8591:
8587:
8584:
8583:
8582:
8579:
8575:
8572:
8571:
8570:
8567:
8563:
8560:
8559:
8558:
8555:
8551:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8543:
8539:
8536:
8535:
8534:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8509:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8469:
8466:
8463:
8459:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8355:
8349:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8341:
8337:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8310:Pons asinorum
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8280:Hinge theorem
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8243:
8242:
8236:
8233:
8229:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8115:
8114:
8111:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8085:
8079:
8076:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8051:
8047:
8041:
8040:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8029:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8017:
8013:
8009:
8007:
8006:
8002:
8000:
7999:
7995:
7993:
7992:
7988:
7986:
7985:
7981:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7969:
7965:
7961:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7949:
7947:(Aristarchus)
7945:
7941:
7939:
7938:
7934:
7932:
7931:
7927:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7915:
7911:
7907:
7905:
7904:
7900:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7864:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7852:Zeno of Sidon
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7461:
7456:
7454:
7449:
7447:
7442:
7441:
7438:
7426:
7418:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7406:
7398:
7397:
7394:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7338:
7334:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7179:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6976:
6972:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6925:Hemeroscopion
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6894:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6798:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6660:
6656:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6502:Magna Graecia
6499:
6495:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6419:
6416:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6376:Arcadocypriot
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6330:
6329:Zeus, Olympia
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6314:Hera, Olympia
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6233:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6217:Mount Olympus
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:Sacred places
6183:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6056:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6009:Olympic Games
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5999:Homosexuality
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5871:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5409:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5369:Seleucid army
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5043:Delian League
5041:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5019:
5016:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4999:Ionian League
4997:
4987:
4984:
4980: 560 BC
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
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4346:9788882650759
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4308:9788870625035
4304:
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4289:9788870625387
4285:
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4270:9788882651169
4266:
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4251:9788870625028
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4232:9788870624472
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4132:9788876427367
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4027:9789004180505
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3937:0-500-28628-0
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3918:9788891319623
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3899:9788891317155
3895:
3891:
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3866:
3862:
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3856:
3848:
3833:
3829:
3828:GCatholic.org
3825:
3819:
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3808:
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3724:
3719:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3697:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3670:
3665:
3651:on 2017-10-21
3650:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3629:
3624:
3609:
3603:
3589:on 2013-01-21
3588:
3584:
3578:
3572:, p. 39.
3571:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3548:, p. 86.
3547:
3546:Dinsmoor 1950
3542:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3489:
3484:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3441:on 2009-04-09
3440:
3436:
3435:Where We Work
3432:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3402:, p. 16.
3401:
3396:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3354:
3340:on 2015-10-18
3339:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3311:on 2015-10-18
3310:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3266:, p. 15.
3265:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3248:
3243:
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3239:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3223:
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3199:
3194:
3188:
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3178:
3173:
3166:
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3154:
3149:
3142:
3138:
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3129:
3122:
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3110:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3052:
3047:
3040:
3035:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3010:, p. 30.
3009:
3004:
3002:
2986:
2985:
2977:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2935:, p. 29.
2934:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2904:Grainger 2010
2900:
2894:, p. 28.
2893:
2888:
2886:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2852:
2848:
2847:"Berenice II"
2841:
2827:
2823:
2816:
2810:, p. 27.
2809:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2791:
2789:9780198861720
2785:
2781:
2774:
2772:
2764:
2758:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2728:, p. 26.
2727:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2686:, p. 25.
2685:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2668:
2663:
2655:
2648:
2642:, p. 23.
2641:
2636:
2630:, p. 22.
2629:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2524:0-521-22804-2
2520:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2481:, p. 20.
2480:
2475:
2473:
2466:, p. 68.
2465:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2430:, p. 21.
2429:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2399:, p. 18.
2398:
2393:
2391:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2349:
2343:
2337:, p. 19.
2336:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2318:
2314:
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2304:
2300:
2293:
2291:
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2066:
2059:
2054:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1991:Rufo (fl.449)
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1936:
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1918:
1915:
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1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:, created by
1883:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1841:, philosopher
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1821:Michel Onfray
1818:
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1549:Greek Theatre
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927:
923:
922:Olympic Games
919:
918:Pythian Games
915:
914:Arcesilaus IV
911:
909:
905:
901:
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896:abortifacient
893:
889:
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866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
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843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
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820:
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815:Arcesilaus II
808:
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800:
799:Arcesilaus II
796:
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329:
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314:ancient Greek
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236:Official name
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88:
68:
59:
52:
47:
36:
30:
19:
8697:
8684:
8526:Thomas Heath
8517:
8441:
8400:
8384:Law of sines
8240:
8172:Golden ratio
8037:
8030:
8021:
8015:(Theodosius)
8011:
8003:
7996:
7989:
7982:
7973:
7963:
7957:(Hipparchus)
7953:
7943:
7935:
7928:
7919:
7909:
7901:
7896:(Apollonius)
7892:
7884:
7872:
7847:Zeno of Elea
7607:Eratosthenes
7597:Dionysodorus
7220:Dionysopolis
7190:Abonoteichos
7142:Pantikapaion
6876:
6732:Hybla Heraea
6068:Architecture
6024:Prostitution
5713:Aristophanes
5572:Philosophers
5542:Philosophers
5374:Spartan army
5105:(280–146 BC)
5093:(338–322 BC)
5087:(370–168 BC)
5075:(374–196 BC)
5069:(378–355 BC)
5051:(430–348 BC)
5045:(478–404 BC)
5039:(499–449 BC)
4726:Peloponnesus
4648:Roman Greece
4495:
4440:. Retrieved
4436:
4421:. Retrieved
4417:
4367:
4356:
4336:
4317:
4298:
4279:
4260:
4241:
4221:
4194:
4175:
4159:
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4096:
4087:
4083:
4056:
4036:
4017:
3984:
3980:
3967:
3947:
3927:
3908:
3889:
3882:Bibliography
3869:. Retrieved
3860:
3854:
3847:
3836:. Retrieved
3827:
3818:
3799:
3795:
3775:
3769:
3749:
3740:
3729:
3718:
3707:
3696:
3685:
3676:
3669:Kenrick 2013
3664:
3653:. Retrieved
3649:the original
3644:
3635:
3628:Kenrick 2013
3623:
3612:. Retrieved
3602:
3591:. Retrieved
3587:the original
3577:
3565:
3553:
3541:
3534:Kenrick 2013
3515:. Retrieved
3504:
3495:
3488:Kenrick 2013
3483:
3472:. Retrieved
3463:
3454:
3443:. Retrieved
3439:the original
3434:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3400:Kenrick 2013
3395:
3384:. Retrieved
3375:
3365:
3358:Kenrick 2013
3353:
3342:. Retrieved
3338:the original
3333:
3324:
3313:. Retrieved
3309:the original
3304:
3295:
3284:. Retrieved
3280:
3271:
3264:Kenrick 2013
3247:Kenrick 2013
3226:
3221:
3197:
3177:Kenrick 2013
3172:
3167:, p. 8.
3165:Kenrick 2013
3160:
3153:Kenrick 2013
3148:
3132:
3128:
3121:Kenrick 2013
3116:
3111:, p. 7.
3109:Kenrick 2013
3092:Kenrick 2013
3087:
3080:Kenrick 2013
3065:, lxviii. 32
3058:
3050:
3046:
3034:
3029:, p. 6.
3027:Kenrick 2013
2989:. Retrieved
2983:
2976:
2965:. Retrieved
2961:
2952:
2945:Kenrick 2013
2940:
2911:
2899:
2879:, p. 5.
2877:Kenrick 2013
2854:. Retrieved
2850:
2840:
2829:. Retrieved
2825:
2815:
2779:
2762:
2757:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:
2733:
2705:. Retrieved
2701:
2691:
2662:
2653:
2647:
2635:
2613:Kenrick 2013
2608:
2603:, p. 4.
2601:Kenrick 2013
2596:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2538:Kenrick 2013
2533:
2514:
2511:Ray, John D.
2505:
2500:, p. 3.
2498:Kenrick 2013
2464:Kenrick 2013
2459:
2454:, p. 2.
2452:Kenrick 2013
2447:
2440:Clayton 2006
2435:
2409:Kenrick 2013
2404:
2378:. Retrieved
2373:
2363:
2352:. Retrieved
2342:
2298:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2214:
2198:Kenrick 2013
2177:. Retrieved
2168:
2159:
1997:
1971:by tradition
1963:
1891:Eratosthenes
1835:, noblewoman
1802:
1794:
1791:Water system
1785:
1743:
1711:opisthodomos
1668:
1666:
1623:
1615:Caravanserai
1585:
1561:Aqua Augusta
1544:caravanserai
1522:and east of
1517:
1501:
1466:
1439:
1432:
1401:
1370:
1347:
1322:Claudiopolis
1321:
1303:
1294:Panhellenion
1271:
1237:
1223:
1191:
1176:Roman period
1159:
1137:Ptolemy VIII
1130:
1071:
1030:
978:
962:
929:
925:
912:
880:
844:
812:
770:
738:
707:
681:
650:Palaeolithic
647:
454:form of the
444:
437:
367:
351:Jebel Akhdar
348:
336:North Africa
309:
301:
300:
117:Jebel Akhdar
29:
8593:mathematics
8401:Arithmetica
7998:Ostomachion
7967:(Autolycus)
7886:Arithmetica
7662:Hippocrates
7592:Dinostratus
7577:Dicaearchus
7507:Aristarchus
7368:Place names
7280:Salmydessus
7102:Kalos Limen
7082:Chersonesus
7072:Borysthenes
6777:Tauromenion
6589:Metapontion
6351:Proto-Greek
6304:Erechtheion
6299:Athena Nike
6261:Philippeion
6090:Mathematics
6061:and science
5944:Agriculture
5808:Stesichorus
5718:Bacchylides
5708:Archilochus
5595:Antisthenes
5585:Anaximander
5557:Seven Sages
5547:Playwrights
5527:Geographers
5522:Astronomers
5349:Pezhetairos
4976: 1100
4956:Federations
4855:Megalopolis
4792:City states
4767:City states
3063:Cassius Dio
3053:2.10, 11.20
2004:titular see
1868:Callimachus
1861:philosopher
1729:East Church
1563:, past the
1495:inside the
1462:anastylosis
1454: [
1166:2 Maccabees
1110:Ptolemy III
1090:Antiochus I
778:Peloponnese
749:Euesperides
515:Garamantian
286:Arab States
255:ii, iii, vi
147: /
123:Coordinates
8720:Categories
8645:Babylonian
8545:arithmetic
8511:History of
8340:Apollonius
8025:(Menelaus)
7984:On Spirals
7903:Catoptrics
7842:Xenocrates
7837:Thymaridas
7822:Theodosius
7807:Theaetetus
7787:Simplicius
7777:Pythagoras
7762:Posidonius
7747:Philonides
7707:Nicomachus
7702:Metrodorus
7692:Menaechmus
7647:Hipparchus
7637:Heliodorus
7587:Diophantus
7572:Democritus
7552:Chrysippus
7522:Archimedes
7517:Apollonius
7487:Anaxagoras
7479:(timeline)
7270:Polemonion
7147:Phanagoria
7117:Kimmerikon
7112:Kerkinitis
7097:Hermonassa
7087:Dioscurias
6983:Aspalathos
6930:Kalathousa
6905:Akra Leuke
6834:Phoenicusa
6619:Scylletium
6604:Poseidonia
6524:Brentesion
6411:Pamphylian
6406:Macedonian
6324:Samothrace
6309:Hephaestus
6256:Long Walls
6235:Structures
6176:Underworld
6122:Technology
6085:Literature
6019:Philosophy
5984:Euergetism
5873:By culture
5818:Thucydides
5660:Pythagoras
5655:Protagoras
5645:Parmenides
5630:Heraclitus
5615:Empedocles
5605:Democritus
5590:Anaximenes
5580:Anaxagoras
5532:Historians
5025: 595
5012: 550
4993: 800
4978: – c.
4906:Cappadocia
4711:Ionian Sea
4701:Hellespont
4666:Aegean Sea
4442:2023-09-14
4423:2023-09-14
4327:8870623742
4185:887062448X
4046:0415201454
3871:2023-09-14
3838:2023-09-14
3655:2023-09-23
3614:2014-11-19
3593:2014-11-19
3517:2009-05-22
3474:2017-10-21
3445:2009-04-27
3386:2013-12-09
3344:2016-07-22
3315:2016-07-22
3286:2023-09-14
2991:2008-02-14
2967:2023-09-13
2916:Hölbl 2001
2856:2023-09-13
2831:2023-09-13
2748:2023-09-13
2707:2023-09-17
2380:2021-10-16
2354:2021-10-16
2179:2018-04-04
2152:References
1985:370 circa)
1974:Theodoro (
1969:Saint Luke
1886:Pythagoras
1845:Aristippus
1813:Aristippus
1799:Philosophy
1764:Necropolis
1755:terracotta
1719:peripteros
1679:peripteral
1638:necropolis
1555:, and the
1366:Athanasius
1350:earthquake
1326:Diocletian
1310:Marmaritae
1306:earthquake
1252:Saint Mark
1198:Nicocrates
1151:Ptolemy IX
1127:of Cyrene.
1078:Ptolemy II
969:Messenians
859:Achaemenid
824:Battus III
684:Greek myth
672:Foundation
662:Bronze Age
658:Mycenaeans
476:Thessalian
401:Aristippus
340:Pentapolis
306:anglicized
263:1982 (6th
260:Designated
218:Site notes
163:Settlement
135:21°51′29″E
132:32°49′30″N
8106:Inscribed
7866:Treatises
7857:Zenodorus
7817:Theodorus
7792:Sosigenes
7737:Philolaus
7722:Oenopides
7717:Nicoteles
7712:Nicomedes
7672:Hypsicles
7567:Ctesibius
7557:Cleomedes
7542:Callippus
7527:Autolycus
7512:Aristotle
7492:Anthemius
7356:in Epirus
7305:Trapezous
7250:Mesambria
7235:Eupatoria
7205:Apollonia
7200:Anchialos
7162:Theodosia
7132:Nymphaion
7122:Myrmekion
7092:Gorgippia
7048:Black Sea
7033:Tragurion
7018:Nymphaion
7003:Epidauros
6998:Epidamnos
6988:Apollonia
6965:Zacynthos
6887:Ptolemais
6881:Apollonia
6854:Cyrenaica
6844:Therassía
6839:Strongyle
6819:Ereikousa
6742:Leontinoi
6682:Apollonia
6559:Hipponion
6356:Mycenaean
6319:Parthenon
6251:Lion Gate
6154:Mythology
6117:Sculpture
6080:Astronomy
6014:Pederasty
5989:Festivals
5974:Education
5854:Lawgivers
5823:Timocreon
5803:Sophocles
5798:Simonides
5773:Philocles
5768:Panyassis
5763:Mimnermus
5728:Herodotus
5723:Euripides
5693:Aeschylus
5640:Leucippus
5600:Aristotle
5379:Strategos
5245:Synedrion
5199:Ostracism
5179:Areopagus
5131:Free city
4926:Macedonia
4810:Byzantion
4716:Macedonia
4681:Cyrenaica
4658:Geography
4592:Geography
4057:Cyrenaica
4020:. Brill.
4001:0068-2462
3987:: 30–62.
3813:), p. 870
2317:488610565
2273:0068-2454
2259:: 41–44.
2219:Cambridge
2131:Cyrenaics
2126:Cyrenaica
1947:Theodorus
1942:Ptolemais
1926:Ptolemais
1855:Carneades
1805:Cyrenaics
1758:figurines
1695:Parthenon
1683:crepidoma
1676:octastyle
1595:Acropolis
1540:Caesareum
1404:Frederick
1385:Patriarch
1244:Pentecost
1142:gymnasium
1125:Gymnasium
1115:Arcadians
1098:inflation
983:over the
973:Naupactus
965:democracy
855:Pheretime
774:Battus II
753:Taucheira
709:Histories
704:Herodotus
700:Aristaeus
478:princess
452:latinized
407:. In the
393:Cyrenaics
385:Santorini
344:Cyrenaica
312:, was an
196:Abandoned
106:Cyrenaica
8670:Japanese
8655:Egyptian
8598:timeline
8586:timeline
8574:timeline
8569:geometry
8562:timeline
8557:calculus
8550:timeline
8538:timeline
8241:Elements
8087:Concepts
8049:Problems
8022:Spherics
8012:Spherics
7977:(Euclid)
7923:(Euclid)
7920:Elements
7913:(Euclid)
7874:Almagest
7782:Serenus
7757:Porphyry
7697:Menelaus
7652:Hippasus
7627:Eutocius
7602:Domninus
7497:Archytas
7405:Category
7383:Theatres
7310:Tripolis
7245:Kerasous
7240:Heraclea
7172:Tyritake
7127:Nikonion
7038:Thronion
6960:Salauris
6915:Emporion
6872:Berenice
6862:Balagrae
6814:Euonymos
6787:Tyndaris
6772:Syracuse
6767:Selinous
6737:Kamarina
6692:Casmenae
6677:Akrillai
6594:Neápolis
6529:Caulonia
6510:Mainland
6441:Linear B
6436:Linear A
6366:Dialects
6343:Language
6137:Religion
6095:Medicine
6029:Religion
5994:Folklore
5979:Emporium
5954:Clothing
5949:Calendar
5833:Xenophon
5828:Tyrtaeus
5813:Theognis
5788:Polybius
5783:Plutarch
5758:Menander
5738:Hipponax
5665:Socrates
5620:Epicurus
5466:Diadochi
5364:Sciritae
5324:Hetairoi
5299:Ballista
5264:Military
5227:Gerousia
5217:Ekklesia
5184:Ecclesia
5166:Athenian
5114:Politics
5027:–279 BC)
5014:–366 BC)
4995:–389 BC)
4931:Pergamon
4901:Bithynia
4894:Kingdoms
4835:Pergamon
4777:Military
4772:Politics
4569:Timeline
4078:(1987).
4009:40310596
3865:Archived
3855:Cyrenaea
3832:Archived
3790:, 1843).
3780:Archived
3754:Archived
3511:Archived
3468:Archived
3380:Archived
3195:(1740).
2588:84007922
2281:30103182
2173:Archived
2120:See also
1981:Filo I (
1938:Synesius
1905:Eugammon
1817:Socrates
1809:Socratic
1707:in antis
1693:and the
1571:and the
1502:In 2017
1362:Synesius
1348:Another
1290:Commodus
1206:Lucullus
1194:Plutarch
1106:Berenice
1086:Seleucid
1064:Coin of
1041:Ophellas
997:treasury
981:Carthage
954:triremes
934:Athenian
900:Carthage
892:silphium
863:Aryandes
832:Mantinea
803:silphium
757:Benghazi
755:(modern
726:Battus I
405:Socrates
389:silphium
383:(modern
252:Criteria
247:Cultural
182:Battus I
98:Location
8650:Chinese
8605:numbers
8533:algebra
8461:Related
8435:Centers
8231:Results
8101:Central
7772:Ptolemy
7767:Proclus
7732:Perseus
7687:Marinus
7667:Hypatia
7657:Hippias
7632:Geminus
7622:Eudoxus
7612:Eudemus
7582:Diocles
7425:Outline
7378:Temples
7315:Zaliche
7295:Thèrmae
7285:Sesamus
7255:Odessos
7230:Cytorus
7225:Cotyora
6975:Illyria
6940:Mainake
6935:Kypsela
6824:Hycesia
6782:Thermae
6762:Segesta
6752:Messana
6707:Helorus
6687:Calacte
6667:Akragas
6629:Sybaris
6614:Rhegion
6569:Krimisa
6519:Alision
6428:Writing
6401:Locrian
6391:Epirote
6361:Homeric
6294:Artemis
6281:Temples
6222:Olympia
6192:Eleusis
6127:Theatre
6112:Pottery
6039:Warfare
6034:Slavery
5969:Economy
5964:Cuisine
5959:Coinage
5936:Society
5921:Culture
5916:Society
5864:Tyrants
5703:Alcaeus
5685:Authors
5635:Hypatia
5625:Gorgias
5562:Writers
5384:Toxotai
5354:Sarissa
5344:Peltast
5339:Phalanx
5319:Hoplite
5314:Hippeis
5237:Macedon
5209:Spartan
5194:Heliaia
5141:Proxeny
4850:Larissa
4845:Kerkyra
4840:Eretria
4830:Miletus
4825:Ephesus
4820:Corinth
4815:Chalcis
4736:Taurica
4606:Periods
4587:History
3788:Magonza
3762:Leipzig
3687:Reuters
2580:3095254
2560:Bibcode
2014:Gallery
1914:Lacydes
1882:Olympia
1878:Olympic
1703:pronaos
1691:Olympia
1634:Demeter
1567:to the
1520:Shahhat
1493:theater
1373:Central
1286:Hadrian
1048:in the
1033:Thibron
1009:medimni
828:Demonax
786:pharaoh
782:Adicran
654:Minoans
644:History
484:sun god
450:is the
328:Shahhat
265:session
204:Periods
188:Founded
180:led by
173:Builder
168:History
108:, Libya
102:Shahhat
8665:Indian
8442:Cyrene
7974:Optics
7893:Conics
7812:Theano
7802:Thales
7797:Sporus
7742:Philon
7727:Pappus
7617:Euclid
7547:Carpus
7537:Bryson
7415:Portal
7363:People
7351:Cities
7290:Sinope
7275:Rhizos
7265:Phasis
7215:Bathus
7210:Athina
7195:Amisos
7157:Tanais
7152:Pityus
7077:Charax
7028:Pharos
7023:Orikon
6920:Helike
6910:Alonis
6877:Cyrene
6809:Didyme
6722:Himera
6697:Catana
6659:Sicily
6649:Thurii
6644:Terina
6609:Pixous
6564:Hydrus
6539:Croton
6371:Aeolic
6289:Aphaea
6212:Dodona
6197:Delphi
6166:Temple
5842:Others
5793:Sappho
5778:Pindar
5753:Lucian
5748:Ibycus
5733:Hesiod
5670:Thales
5438:Rulers
5417:People
5394:Xyston
5389:Xiphos
5250:Koinon
5156:Tyrant
5146:Stasis
5136:Koinon
4936:Pontus
4911:Epirus
4880:Sparta
4870:Rhodes
4865:Megara
4860:Thebes
4805:Athens
4731:Pontus
4696:Epirus
4686:Cyprus
4671:Aeolis
4414:"Home"
4343:
4324:
4305:
4286:
4267:
4248:
4229:
4201:
4182:
4166:
4148:
4129:
4103:
4064:
4043:
4024:
4007:
3999:
3955:
3934:
3915:
3896:
3809:
3464:UNESCO
3222:Cyrène
3139:
2786:
2586:
2578:
2521:
2315:
2305:
2279:
2271:
2006:. The
1955:, poet
1751:votive
1746:temple
1699:Athens
1630:Apollo
1626:temple
1579:. The
1551:, the
1538:, the
1530:, the
1504:UNESCO
1484:Libyan
1469:UNESCO
1443:Allies
1412:Louvre
1013:litres
985:Syrtis
958:pilots
950:Sicily
926:Fourth
836:tribes
789:Apries
751:, and
741:Rhodes
718:Sparta
714:Cretan
696:Cyrene
692:Apollo
688:Pindar
666:Aegean
493:Cyra (
491:spring
487:Apollo
480:Cyrene
467:Κυρήνη
461:Kȳrḗnē
447:Cyrene
417:Jewish
377:Cyrene
374:etymon
370:Apollo
317:colony
310:Kyrene
302:Cyrene
282:Region
191:631 BC
113:Region
93:Kyrene
41:Κυρήνη
33:Cyrene
8660:Incan
8581:logic
8357:Other
8125:Chord
8118:Axiom
8096:Angle
7752:Plato
7642:Heron
7562:Conon
7373:Stoae
7341:Lists
7260:Oinòe
7183:coast
7181:South
7167:Tyras
7137:Olbia
7107:Kepoi
7060:coast
7058:North
7051:basin
6993:Aulon
6955:Rhode
6867:Barca
6757:Naxos
6712:Henna
6672:Akrai
6639:Taras
6624:Siris
6584:Medma
6579:Locri
6544:Cumae
6534:Chone
6512:Italy
6418:Koine
6396:Ionic
6386:Doric
6381:Attic
6202:Delos
6100:Music
5743:Homer
5698:Aesop
5650:Plato
5552:Poets
5222:Ephor
5174:Agora
5151:Tagus
5126:Boule
4875:Samos
4800:Argos
4706:Ionia
4691:Doris
4676:Crete
4485:Libya
4005:JSTOR
2584:S2CID
2576:JSTOR
2277:JSTOR
2002:as a
1715:cella
1673:Doric
1600:Agora
1528:Agora
1524:Bayda
1458:]
1234:Jesus
1230:Simon
1164:book
1088:king
1082:Apama
1074:Magas
1066:Magas
1005:Siwah
908:Siwah
904:Ammon
851:Samos
819:Barca
807:kylix
761:Tocra
745:Agora
734:Derna
722:Thera
507:Janko
458:name
456:Greek
381:Thera
332:Libya
321:Roman
178:Thera
8622:list
7910:Data
7682:Leon
7532:Bion
7300:Tium
7067:Akra
7008:Issa
6702:Gela
6574:Laüs
6549:Elea
6207:Dion
6059:Arts
6049:Wine
5675:Zeno
5272:Wars
4341:ISBN
4322:ISBN
4303:ISBN
4284:ISBN
4265:ISBN
4246:ISBN
4227:ISBN
4199:ISBN
4180:ISBN
4164:ISBN
4146:ISBN
4127:ISBN
4101:ISBN
4062:ISBN
4041:ISBN
4022:ISBN
3997:ISSN
3953:ISBN
3932:ISBN
3913:ISBN
3894:ISBN
3807:ISBN
3803:2013
3137:ISBN
3051:Acts
3039:Mark
2784:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2313:OCLC
2303:ISBN
2269:ISSN
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1667:The
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1406:and
1375:and
1371:The
1239:Acts
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956:and
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656:and
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511:Libu
502:Kýra
496:Κύρα
441:Name
395:, a
324:city
319:and
244:Type
160:Type
8524:by
8238:In
6004:Law
4483:in
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4385:at
3989:doi
3786:, (
3760:, (
3224:in
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2261:doi
1983:fl.
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