508:
118:
41:
104:
642:
110:
439:, the Temple of Mars Ultor and the Temple of Apollo Palatinus. Augustus himself visited the temple frequently. It was considered to be comparatively small. Unusually for Roman temples, its walls were constructed entirely of solid blocks of marble. According to a depiction of the temple on a coin of Augustus, minted around 19 BCE, its
395:
478:
were situated in front of the temple. The inclusion of statues by noted Greek artists, especially of the fourth and fifth centuries BCE and the archaic period, was almost universal in the temples built or restored by
Augustus in Rome, and has been described by the modern archaeologist
598:
The precise location of the temple is uncertain; it is believed to have located towards the south-east of the
Capitoline. Based on Suetonius's comment about it being a "doorkeeper" to the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, it is considered to have been located close to the entrance to the
342:
and may have been restored around the beginning of the second century CE. Nothing, except perhaps a small part of its foundations, survives of the temple. From 1555 until the nineteenth century, the
103:
406:, a religious and artistic festival revived by Augustus in 17 BCE and celebrated periodically thereafter, the temple was used as one of four centres from which the fifteen priests known as the
507:
486:
According to an anecdote related by
Suetonius, Augustus dreamed that Jupiter had castigated him for building the temple, as it had reduced the number of visitors to the older and grander
534:
shows a hexastyle temple which might be that of
Jupiter Tonans. It is generally held that this relief shows public monuments worked on by the tomb's founder, Quintus Haterius, a
812:
335:, a religious and artistic festival that he revived in 17 BCE. It was also noted by Roman authors for the artworks, particularly statues, displayed in and around it.
1854:
802:
572:
247:
1731:
490:
on the same hill: in response, Augustus declared the Temple of
Jupiter Tonans to be merely a gatekeeper to that of Jupiter Capitolinus, and hung bells (
500:. Gros has suggested that this story may have been concocted to explain an older, forgotten belief, by which the bells were intended to serve an
567:
as belonging to the Temple of
Jupiter Tonans, and these ruins were mislabelled as such in an engraving by the eighteenth-century Italian artist
1023:
1605:
Hekster, Olivier; Rich, John (2006). "Octavian and the
Thunderbolt: the Temple of Apollo Palatinus and Roman Traditions of Temple Building".
163:
379:, dedicated in 2 BCE. Augustus vowed its dedication in 26 BCE to celebrate his escape from being struck by lightning while on
1012:
1503:
1849:
590:
has been conjectured as part of the Temple of
Jupiter Tonans, but otherwise no remains of the temple are known to have survived.
1829:
1807:
1785:
1766:
1741:
1713:
1691:
1672:
1595:
1569:
1550:
1531:
1448:
1340:
511:
Piranesi's engraving of the Temple of
Vespasian and Titus, erroneously identified as the Temple of Jupiter Tonans until 1844
1294:
331:. The temple was considered among Augustus's most impressive archaeological projects, and played an important role in the
1859:
696:
328:
20:
548:. It is not clear whether other references to the temple in Latin poetry, such as by the first-century CE poet
1817:
582:
eventually confirmed the correct identification of the ruins, though it was not until 1844 that the archaeologist
1263:
409:
609:. A tentative identification has been made between the temple and a building shown at the eastern edge of the
1178:
970:
560:
487:
344:
1795:
1727:
480:
756:
873:
568:
515:
The temple is not known to have featured among the extensive reconstructions undertaken by the emperor
372:
391:, construction likely began in the middle of 24 BCE, after Augustus's return to Rome from Spain.
926:
916:
792:
1798:(2000). "The Moral Museum: Augustus and the City of Rome". In Coulston, Jon; Dodge, Hazel (eds.).
747:
1182:
899:
586:
labelled them as such. A concrete foundation between the Temple of
Jupiter Capitolinus and the
961:
718:
577:
338:
Much of the temple's history is unclear, though it was mentioned in a fourth-century CE
252:
729:
376:
394:
8:
1723:
531:
462:(the Greek counterpart of Jupiter) made by the fourth-century BCE Athenian sculptor
1507:
1701:
1640:
1632:
1487:
1479:
1001:
847:
527:
387:. It was consecrated on 1 September 22 BCE. According to the French archaeologist
1825:
1803:
1781:
1762:
1737:
1709:
1687:
1668:
1644:
1591:
1583:
1565:
1546:
1527:
1491:
1444:
993:
981:
767:
618:
467:
458:, writing in the first century CE, the temple contained a bronze cult statue of
436:
40:
1660:
1622:
1614:
1471:
1063:
738:
587:
448:
398:
Possible depiction of the temple from the first-century CE Tomb of the Haterii
368:
1778:
The Gods of Ancient Rome: Religion in Everyday Life from Archaic to Imperial Times
1652:
1032:
886:
647:
630:
606:
455:
380:
351:
was misidentified as the Temple of Jupiter Tonans, but the Italian archaeologist
324:
318:
315:, the chief god of ancient Rome. It was probably situated at the entrance to the
308:
203:
150:
144:
1499:
1072:
1052:
952:
942:
826:
284:
1618:
552:, likely refer to this structure or to the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus.
1843:
1664:
1042:
680:
670:
556:
403:
332:
178:
165:
435:, it was among Augustus's most important architectural works, alongside the
583:
352:
259:
221:
1348:
447:(that is, constructed with six columns across its front) and built in the
1579:
1297:
776:
661:
564:
388:
348:
1636:
710:
501:
1657:
Concrete Vaulted Construction in Imperial Rome: Innovations in Context
1627:
1483:
1234:
363:
The temple was the third of four temples in Rome built by the emperor
541:
475:
463:
444:
432:
339:
61:
1802:. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology. pp. 61–75.
1590:(in French). Vol. 3. Rome: Edizioni Quazar. pp. 159–160.
1475:
689:
545:
516:
497:
384:
364:
355:
correctly identified the former temple during excavations in 1844.
48:
549:
471:
440:
425:
312:
1376:
641:
1780:. Translated by Nevill, Antonia. New York: Taylor and Francis.
1543:
Time in Roman Religion: One Thousand Years of Religious History
421:
375:(dedicated in 29 and 28 BCE respectively) and before the
1462:
1. 32 and the Dedication of the Temple of Apollo Palatinus".
1111:
1109:
530:
in 64 CE. A relief on the early second-century CE
109:
1392:
1364:
459:
1416:
1106:
1759:
The Pope's Archaeologist: The Life and Times of Carlo Fea
1562:
The Roman Forum: A Reconstruction and Architectural Guide
1094:
1269:
1156:
571:. Excavations begun in 1811–1812 by the papal architect
496:), which were often hung on the doors of houses, on its
1318:
1308:
1306:
615:
on the third-century CE map of Rome known as the
130:
Approximate location of the temple within ancient Rome
1222:
1177:, pp. 73–74. The other three locations were the
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1404:
1303:
1300:
says that the bells were placed on the cult statue.
1210:
1144:
1524:Cult Places and Cult Personnel in the Roman Empire
1121:
593:
483:as a means of turning Rome into a "moral museum".
1855:1st-century BC religious buildings and structures
1800:Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City
1841:
117:
1498:
1441:Rome Alive: A Source-Guide to the Ancient City
1422:
1560:Gorski, Gilbert J.; Packer, James E. (2015).
625:
540:(building contractor). It was mentioned in a
1722:
1559:
1443:. Vol. 1. Wauconda: Bolchazy-Carducci.
1398:
1370:
1358:
1287:
1256:
1240:
1115:
1604:
1202:
1100:
616:
610:
600:
535:
491:
415:
407:
316:
307:) was a small temple in Rome, dedicated by
292:
142:
77:
71:
65:
46:
1733:A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
1684:Celestial Inclinations: A Life of Augustus
39:
1824:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1708:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1706:Statius' Silvae and the Poetics of Empire
1651:
1626:
1564:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1324:
1181:, the Temple of Apollo Palatinus and the
559:misidentified the partial remains of the
1700:
1540:
1521:
1354:
1228:
1174:
1162:
506:
504:(protective) function against lightning.
393:
1457:
1194:
1842:
1794:
1775:
1756:
1438:
1410:
1382:
1275:
1150:
1681:
1216:
1816:
1578:
1458:Babcock, Charles L. (1967). "Horace
1386:
1336:
1312:
1244:
1138:
1736:. London: Oxford University Press.
1686:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
544:by the fourth-century CE poet
431:According to Augustus's biographer
13:
1342:De Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti
605:, the sanctuary of Jupiter on the
323:, the sanctuary of Jupiter on the
14:
1871:
1588:Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae
1290:, p. 305, citing Suetonius,
329:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
327:, near the much older and larger
21:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
1339:, p. 160, citing Claudian,
640:
454:According to the Roman polymath
116:
108:
102:
1431:
1330:
1281:
1250:
1183:Temple of Diana on the Aventine
594:Location on the Capitoline Hill
555:In 1555, the Italian architect
521:
466:, while statues of the deities
302:Temple of Jupiter the Thunderer
1850:Temples of the Capitoline Hill
1659:. Cambridge University Press.
1582:(1997). "Iuppiter Tonans". In
1504:"Temple of Jove the Thunderer"
1188:
1168:
414:would issue purifying agents (
410:quindecimviri sacris faciundis
1:
1259:, p. 305, citing Pliny,
1197:, p. 189. Suetonius, at
1179:Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus
561:Temple of Vespasian and Titus
488:Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus
345:Temple of Vespasian and Titus
54:
1088:
629:
381:a military campaign in Spain
7:
10:
1876:
1860:Temples of Jupiter in Rome
1757:Ridley, Ronald T. (2000).
1682:Lewis, Anne-Marie (2023).
935:Inter duos lucos
569:Giovanni Battista Piranesi
373:Temple of Apollo Palatinus
358:
18:
1761:. Rome: Edizioni Quasar.
1619:10.1017/S0009838806000127
1522:Fishwick, Duncan (2014).
1439:Aicher, Peter J. (2004).
639:
628:
268:
240:
232:
227:
217:
209:
199:
194:
157:
138:
97:
38:
31:
1822:A History of Art History
1776:Turcan, Robert (2013) .
1665:10.1017/CBO9780511610516
1399:Gorski & Packer 2015
1371:Gorski & Packer 2015
1359:Platner & Ashby 1929
1288:Platner & Ashby 1929
1257:Platner & Ashby 1929
1241:Platner & Ashby 1929
1201:29.1–3, uses the phrase
1116:Platner & Ashby 1929
815:Jupiter Conservator
281:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
124:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
87:Of Jupiter the Thunderer
32:
27:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
19:Not to be confused with
1607:The Classical Quarterly
1545:. Abingdon: Routledge.
1541:Forsythe, Gary (2012).
1526:. Abingdon: Routledge.
1101:Hekster & Rich 2006
428:– to the Roman people.
1584:Steinby, Eva Margareta
1296:. The Roman historian
1203:
617:
611:
601:
536:
512:
492:
416:
408:
399:
317:
288:
143:
72:
66:
64:temple with the label
47:
16:Ancient temple in Rome
1204:inter opera praecipua
510:
470:by the fifth-century
397:
233:Excavation dates
179:41.89194°N 12.48361°E
1818:Wood, Christopher S.
1724:Platner, Samuel Ball
524: 81–96 CE
377:Temple of Mars Ultor
289:Aedes Iovis Tonantis
33:Aedes Iovis Tonantis
1702:Newlands, Carole E.
1653:Lancaster, Lynne C.
1464:Classical Philology
1423:British Museum 2020
795:Jupiter Custos
532:Tomb of the Haterii
175: /
28:
1278:, pp. 61, 71.
964:Dii Consentes
867:Porta Pandana
573:Giuseppe Camporese
528:Great Fire of Rome
513:
400:
311:in 22 BCE to
248:Giuseppe Camporese
184:41.89194; 12.48361
58: 19 BCE
26:
1831:978-0-691-20476-5
1809:978-0-947816-55-1
1787:978-1-136-05850-9
1768:978-88-7140-177-5
1743:978-0-19-925649-5
1715:978-1-139-43270-2
1693:978-0-19-759964-8
1674:978-0-511-61051-6
1597:978-88-7140-096-9
1571:978-0-521-19244-6
1552:978-1-136-31441-4
1533:978-1-000-94027-5
1450:978-0-86516-473-4
1165:, pp. 73–74.
1083:
1082:
919:of Divus Augustus
619:Forma Urbis Romae
468:Castor and Pollux
437:Forum of Augustus
276:
275:
1867:
1835:
1813:
1791:
1772:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1719:
1697:
1678:
1648:
1630:
1601:
1575:
1556:
1537:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1506:. Archived from
1495:
1454:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
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1214:
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1206:
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1142:
1136:
1119:
1113:
1104:
1098:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1048:
1038:
1028:
1019:
1008:
997:
988:
977:
966:
957:
948:
937:
930:
921:
912:
909:
903:
895:
890:
882:
877:
869:
862:
853:
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831:
822:
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798:
788:
781:
772:
763:
752:
743:
734:
725:
714:
705:
692:
685:
676:
665:
656:
644:
634:
626:
622:
614:
604:
588:Temple of Saturn
581:
539:
526:) following the
525:
523:
495:
449:Corinthian order
419:
413:
369:Temple of Caesar
322:
306:
303:
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297:
294:
256:
190:
189:
187:
186:
185:
180:
176:
173:
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148:
120:
119:
112:
106:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
75:
69:
59:
56:
52:
43:
29:
25:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1866:
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1864:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1810:
1788:
1769:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1716:
1694:
1675:
1598:
1572:
1553:
1534:
1513:
1511:
1451:
1434:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:, p. 414;
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:, p. 169;
1353:
1349:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1304:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1261:Natural History
1255:
1251:
1243:, p. 305;
1239:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1193:
1189:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1122:
1114:
1107:
1099:
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1091:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1074:
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749:
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731:
730:Theatre of
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695:
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688:
686:
682:
679:
677:
672:
668:
666:
659:
657:
651:
646:
631:Capitoline Hill
612:Area Capitolina
607:Capitoline Hill
602:Area Capitolina
596:
575:
520:
456:Pliny the Elder
361:
325:Capitoline Hill
319:Area Capitolina
309:Augustus Caesar
304:
301:
298:
295:
278:
264:
250:
204:Augustus Caesar
183:
181:
177:
174:
169:
166:
164:
162:
161:
151:Capitoline Hill
145:Area Capitolina
134:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
125:
121:
113:
93:
89:
86:
83:
80:
57:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1873:
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1814:
1808:
1792:
1786:
1773:
1767:
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1742:
1720:
1714:
1698:
1692:
1679:
1673:
1649:
1613:(1): 149–168.
1602:
1596:
1576:
1570:
1557:
1551:
1538:
1532:
1519:
1502:(2020-05-23).
1500:British Museum
1496:
1476:10.1086/365257
1470:(3): 189–194.
1455:
1449:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1401:, p. 189.
1391:
1389:, p. 164.
1375:
1373:, p. 186.
1363:
1361:, p. 305.
1347:
1329:
1325:Lancaster 2005
1317:
1315:, p. 160.
1302:
1292:Divus Augustus
1280:
1268:
1249:
1247:, p. 160.
1233:
1221:
1219:, p. 313.
1209:
1199:Divus Augustus
1187:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1141:, p. 159.
1120:
1118:, p. 305.
1105:
1103:, p. 153.
1092:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1064:Temple of
1061:
1050:
1040:
1033:Temple of
1030:
1024:Temple of
1021:
1013:Temple of
1010:
999:
990:
979:
971:Temple of
968:
959:
950:
939:
932:
923:
914:
897:
893:Piety (Pietas)
884:
871:
864:
855:
844:
836:Temple of
833:
824:
819:
813:Temple of
810:
803:Temple of
800:
793:Temple of
790:
783:
774:
768:Temple of
765:
757:Temple of
754:
748:Temple of
745:
736:
727:
719:Temple of
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707:
697:Temple of
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241:Archaeologists
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107:
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73:Iovis Tonantis
44:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1872:
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1797:
1796:Walker, Susan
1793:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1728:Ashby, Thomas
1725:
1721:
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1707:
1703:
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1525:
1520:
1510:on 2022-03-24
1509:
1505:
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1497:
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1461:
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1446:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1424:
1419:
1413:, p. 62.
1412:
1407:
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1395:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1355:Newlands 2002
1351:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:, p. 19.
1326:
1321:
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1242:
1237:
1231:, p. 68.
1230:
1229:Fishwick 2014
1225:
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1205:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Forsythe 2012
1171:
1164:
1163:Forsythe 2012
1159:
1153:, p. 83.
1152:
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1026:Mens (?)
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751:
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557:Pirro Ligorio
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420:) – torches,
418:
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404:Secular Games
396:
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333:Secular Games
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53:of Augustus (
51:
50:
42:
37:
30:
22:
1821:
1799:
1777:
1758:
1747:. Retrieved
1732:
1705:
1683:
1656:
1610:
1606:
1587:
1580:Gros, Pierre
1561:
1542:
1523:
1512:. Retrieved
1508:the original
1467:
1463:
1459:
1440:
1432:Bibliography
1418:
1406:
1394:
1378:
1366:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1320:
1291:
1283:
1271:
1260:
1252:
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1212:
1198:
1195:Babcock 1967
1190:
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1096:
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941:
934:
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857:
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835:
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669:
660:
652:
648:
597:
584:Luigi Canina
554:
514:
485:
481:Susan Walker
453:
430:
401:
383:against the
367:, after the
362:
353:Luigi Canina
337:
280:
277:
260:Luigi Canina
222:Roman Empire
60:) showing a
1411:Aicher 2004
1383:Ridley 2000
1298:Cassius Dio
1276:Walker 2000
1151:Turcan 2013
1035:Fides
1005:Argentarius
880:Hope (Spes)
850:Capitolinus
778:Auguraculum
576: [
565:Roman Forum
493:tinnitabula
402:During the
389:Pierre Gros
349:Roman Forum
251: [
213:22 BCE
182: /
158:Coordinates
1844:Categories
1749:2023-06-17
1628:2066/42841
1514:2023-08-01
1217:Lewis 2023
741:Holitorium
711:Tabularium
653:Capitolina
502:apotropaic
472:Corinthian
417:purgamenta
228:Site notes
167:41°53′31″N
1645:170382655
1492:162618366
1387:Wood 2021
1337:Gros 1997
1313:Gros 1997
1245:Gros 1997
1139:Gros 1997
1089:Footnotes
994:Tullianum
975:and Titus
973:Vespasian
807: (?)
797: (?)
761:Feretrius
732:Marcellus
683:Imperiali
542:panegyric
537:redemptor
476:Euphranor
474:sculptor
464:Leochares
445:hexastyle
433:Suetonius
340:panegyric
269:Condition
236:1811–1812
170:12°29′1″E
62:hexastyle
1820:(2021).
1730:(1929).
1704:(2002).
1655:(2005).
1264:34.77–78
1073:Basilica
945:Jugarius
829:Tensarum
690:Velabrum
546:Claudian
517:Domitian
498:pediment
385:Cantabri
371:and the
365:Augustus
139:Location
49:denarius
1637:4493394
1586:(ed.).
1017:Erycina
986:Concord
962:Portico
955:Martius
910:Sospita
838:Jupiter
805:Concord
770:Veiovis
759:Jupiter
750:Bellona
703:Maximus
701:Optimus
699:Jupiter
673:Romanum
563:in the
550:Statius
441:portico
426:bitumen
422:sulphur
359:History
347:in the
313:Jupiter
296:
218:Periods
210:Founded
200:Builder
195:History
81:
67:IOV TON
1828:
1806:
1784:
1765:
1740:
1712:
1690:
1671:
1643:
1635:
1594:
1568:
1549:
1530:
1490:
1484:268380
1482:
1447:
1066:Saturn
1057:Scipio
1045:of Ops
1043:Temple
1003:Clivus
982:Temple
953:Campus
927:Asylum
917:Temple
908:
902:
900:Temple
889:
887:Temple
876:
874:Temple
860:Gradus
858:Centus
848:Clivus
840:Tonans
723:Moneta
272:Ruined
153:, Rome
1641:S2CID
1633:JSTOR
1488:S2CID
1480:JSTOR
1460:Carm.
1075:Julia
1015:Venus
943:Vicus
827:Aedes
821:Altar
786:Iseum
739:Forum
671:Forum
580:]
285:Latin
255:]
1826:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1738:ISBN
1710:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1592:ISBN
1566:ISBN
1547:ISBN
1528:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1053:Arch
906:Juno
721:Juno
681:Fori
649:Area
633:plan
460:Zeus
443:was
424:and
293:lit.
279:The
78:lit.
1661:doi
1623:hdl
1615:doi
1472:doi
1047:(?)
1037:(?)
662:Arx
1846::
1726:;
1667:.
1639:.
1631:.
1621:.
1611:56
1609:.
1486:.
1478:.
1468:62
1466:.
1344:47
1305:^
1123:^
1108:^
1055:of
984:of
904:of
891:of
878:of
623:.
578:it
522:r.
451:.
291:,
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519:(
305:'
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283:(
92:)
90:'
84:'
70:(
23:.
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