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the members of the Rumor family took on symbolically ironic later roles in the opera. Fink further posited that the reaction of
American audiences to the portrayal of the Rumor family was partly because it was sociologically accurate. He discussed the scene in the historical context of past depictions in American popular culture of Jewish-American families. A separate academic study by Ruth Sara Longobardi discusses the opera with respect to issues about depictions of Palestinians and Jews. She explores how the use of contemporary media in productions, such as the Penny Woolcock film of the opera, affects perception of the two sides of the political conflict.
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706:. The plot of the opera does not contain a detailed re-enactment of the events of the hijacking and the murder of Klinghoffer; the major events are not directly portrayed on stage and occur between the opera's staged scenes. The artists originally considered the opera as more of a "dramatic meditation" or "reflection", in the manner of an oratorio, rather than a conventional narrative opera driven by plot.
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as "a profoundly perceptive and human commentary on a political/religious problem that continues to find no resolution". He added that
Juilliard and other institutions "have to be responsible for maintaining an environment in which challenging, as well as comforting, works of art are presented to the
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In a more academic analysis, musicologist Robert Fink countered
Taruskin's accusations of antisemitism, with particular reference to the deleted scene with the Rumor family. Fink has discussed how the removal of this scene disrupted the original dramaturgical structure of the opera, as the singers of
733:
The dramatic expression of asserted
Palestinian historical grievances generated criticism of the opera's alleged sympathy with Palestinian terrorism. Others accused the creators of anti-Semitism for their portrayal of fictional Jewish-American neighbours of the Klinghoffers, the Rumors, in a scene in
592:
are on the ship and one waiter has been wounded. The
Captain and First Officer try to keep the passengers calm. Molqi, one of the hijackers, explains the situation to the passengers at gunpoint. The Captain and Molqi have an encounter, where the Captain orders food and drink to be brought, and offers
914:
Equally, all of us have as strong a First
Amendment right to ... warn people that this work is both a distortion of history and helped, in some ways, to foster a three decade long feckless policy of creating a moral equivalency between the Palestinian Authority, a corrupt terrorist organization, and
226:
Controversy ensued. An opening scene depicting a suburban family, the Rumors, was permanently cut from the score on grounds that it caused offense due to anti-Semitic stereotypes. The
Nonesuch recording, released in 1992, does not include this music. Because of the reaction to the subject matter and
729:
Lisa
Klinghoffer and Ilsa Klinghoffer, the daughters of Leon and Marilyn Klinghoffer, anonymously attended the 1991 U.S. premiere of the opera in New York City. Afterward the Klinghoffer family released the following statement about the opera: "We are outraged at the exploitation of our parents and
646:
Marilyn
Klinghoffer talks about disability, illness, and death. She thinks that her husband Leon was taken to the ship's hospital, but he was shot, off-stage. The hijackers have ordered the Captain to say they will kill another passenger every fifteen minutes. Instead, the Captain offers himself as
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in New York cancelled an international simulcast and radio broadcast of this opera due to "an outpouring of concern" locally that it "might be used to fan global anti-semitism". In addition to cancelling both broadcasts, the company agreed to include a statement from
Klinghoffer's daughters in the
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Following the "Ocean Chorus", another hijacker, Mamoud, keeps guard over the Captain. Mamoud recalls his youth and songs he listened to on the radio. The Captain and Mamoud have a dialogue, in which the Captain pleads that individuals on the two sides of the Palestinian–Israeli conflict could meet
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cancelled a scheduled performance in November 2001 of extracts from the opera. This was partly in deference to a member of the Tanglewood Festival Chorus, who lost a family member on one of the hijacked planes, as well as due to perceptions that the work was overly sympathetic to terrorists. In a
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was particularly scathing in describing the scene and its place in the play; he described it as expressing "scorn of American Jews and anybody else without mythic claims on the world's attention" while eliminating altogether the Israeli position, asking rhetorically "Who could tell from this work
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Controversy surrounded the American premiere and other productions in the years which followed. Some critics and audience members condemned the production as antisemitic and appearing to be sympathetic to the hijackers. Adams, Goodman, and Sellars repeatedly claimed that they were trying to give
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recalls the events of the hijacking. Prior to that, most of the passengers had disembarked in Egypt for a tour of the Pyramids, and the ship set out to sea to return later for the touring passengers. The hijackers had boarded during the disembarkation. When the hijackers commandeer the ship, the
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was anti-Semitic or glorified terrorism, stating that the title character is "the opera's moral core, the one fully functioning human being." He described the opera as "imperfect" and "politically troubling", writing that its attempt to show the historical justifications for both sides is both
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Based on this aspect, the opera has been criticized as undramatic and static, particularly in act 1, whereas act 2 is more "conventional" in terms of operatic narrative. In defence of this unconventional structure, John Ginman has analysed the particular dramaturgy and structure of the opera.
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After the hijackers have surrendered and the surviving passengers have disembarked safely in port, the Captain remains to tell Marilyn Klinghoffer about her husband's death. She reacts with sorrow and rage toward the Captain, for what she sees as his accommodation of the hijackers. Her final
784:, said that anyone who questioned his policies on civil rights after September 11 was aiding terrorists; what Taruskin said was the aesthetic version of that. If there is an aesthetic viewpoint that does not agree with his, it should not be heard. I find that very disturbing indeed.
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In an official statement, Adams said: "The cancellation of the international telecast is a deeply regrettable decision and goes far beyond issues of 'artistic freedom,' and ends in promoting the same kind of intolerance that the opera's detractors claim to be preventing."
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needlessly provocative and hampers the drama: "Explaining historical events is not an opera's job, and never has been. What matters is how vast events frame a human drama, translated into musical form." He also said that the decision to model the opera on the Bach
634:", responds in harsh terms about Jews and Americans. The passenger, the British Dancing Girl, recalls how well the fourth hijacker, Omar, treated her and the other passengers, for example, letting them have cigarettes. Omar sings of his desire for
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passengers still on board are collected in the ship's restaurant. The narrative shifts to a Swiss grandmother, traveling with her grandson while the boy's parents are touring the pyramids. The ship's first officer, given the fictitious name of
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and try to understand each other. Mamoud dismisses this idea. During this scene is a passenger narrative by the Austrian Woman, who locked herself in her cabin and remained hidden throughout the hijacking. Act 1 ends with the "Night Chorus."
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just what the Jewish side really is – a sort of touristy attachment to an ancient land?" Following the American premiere, Adams deleted this scene, while revising his opera for all future productions.
804:, responded with his own letter, stating that he was "a longtime friend of Israel and have visited the country on numerous occasions", as well as a recipient of the King Solomon Award from the
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consists of two choruses, the "Chorus of Exiled Palestinians" and the "Chorus of Exiled Jews", each of which is a general reflection about the respective peoples and their history.
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I'm convinced that the opera is not anti-Semitic, but I've also become convinced that there is genuine concern in the international Jewish community that the live transmission of
773:, in a review of the Penny Woolcock film version, countered that the opera ultimately "shows unequivocally that murder is nothing more than that, vicious and unconscionable".
1994:
1100:(London), October 17, 2005: the anonymous contributor describes the opposition as "Jewish Information League", although there is no source for a group of that name.
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the sole next person to be killed. Molqi appears and says that Leon Klinghoffer is dead. The "Aria of the Falling Body (Gymnopédie)", sung by Klinghoffer, follows.
923:, an opera aficionado, conceded the legal and artistic right to perform the opera, but claimed that it "beatifies terrorism, both musically and in the libretto".
1304:
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transmission of the production would be cancelled. The opera was set for seven performances at the Met in October and November 2014 and performed as scheduled.
903:. We can expect no arias to be sung in their defense at the Metropolitan Opera, and there is no justification for any to be sung for the Klinghoffer killers."
2332:
1704:
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1935:
292:, through its Curtis Opera Theatre and Curtis Symphony Orchestra, gave a performance in Philadelphia in February 2005. Four years later, students at the
881:"might actually be the most offensive thing about the opera, since a Jewish murder victim is conscripted to serve as a Christian symbol of redemption."
2142:
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sings, saying that he normally likes to avoid trouble and live simply and decently, but going on to denounce the hijackers. Another hijacker, called "
208:
The first performance took place at the Théatre Royal de la Monnaie, Brussels, Belgium, on March 19, 1991, directed by Sellars. The next month, the
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said: "It is not only permissible for the Met to do this piece – it's required for the Met to do the piece. It is a powerful and important opera."
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protested the opera as "a political statement made by the composer to justify an act of terrorism by four Palestinians". The school's president,
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are used to evoke certain emotions. The drama is portrayed primarily in long monologues by individual characters, with commentary by the
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for his cause. At the end of the scene, Omar and Molqi have a dispute, and Molqi takes Klinghoffer away. The "Desert Chorus" follows.
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the original version. The couple were characterized in a way many Jews believed to be offensive and inappropriately satirical.
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wrote in October 2014 that, though there were no First Amendment issues: "the killers ... chose to commit their crime. So did
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The opera has generated controversy, including allegations by Klinghoffer's two daughters and others that the opera is
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Molqi is frustrated that he has received no reply to his demands. Mamoud threatens all of the passengers with death.
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in November 1992, the Jewish Information League mounted protests. The first staging in Germany took place in 1997 in
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1964:
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the coldblooded murder of our father as the centerpiece of a production that appears to us to be anti-Semitic."
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is sung. It represents the beginnings of Arab–Israeli tension, of which the hijacking is one historical result.
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conducted by Adams; its soundtrack was made in 2001, the telecast aired in 2003, and a DVD was released on
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185:. The opera was originally commissioned through a consortium of six entities: the Brussels opera company
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Both Adams and Sellars have acknowledged the affinity of the opera's dramatic structure to the sacred
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Adams responded to Taruskin's criticisms on a number of occasions, including this 2004 statement:
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defended the orchestra's action. He denounced Adams and the opera for "romanticizing terrorists".
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as Klinghoffer. The opera received its first London production on February 25, 2012, starring
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30:
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The opera received a new production at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in December 2003. The
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8:
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953:
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equal voice to both Israelis and Palestinians with respect to the political background.
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1913:
1867:
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developed the concept of this opera and was a major collaborator, as was choreographer
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1369:
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would be inappropriate at this time of rising anti-Semitism, particularly in Europe.
277:, New Zealand. The first fully staged UK production was given in August 2005 at the
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in France, the Los Angeles Festival (separate from that city's opera company), the
129:
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1999:
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in 2004. The first Australasian performance took place in February 2005 at the
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1909:
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sentiment is that she wished that she could have died in her husband's place.
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1960:
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766:
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143:. It was commissioned by five American and European opera companies, and the
136:
113:. First produced in Brussels and New York in 1991, the opera is based on the
110:
52:
173:, who originated the concept of the opera and directed its first performance
2907:
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2708:
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1281:
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wrote that while the Met had a First Amendment right to present the opera,
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The opera's choral passages have been performed and recorded separately as
672:
439:
228:
1091:
2819:
2417:
676:
396:
261:
directed a British television version of the opera, in revised form, for
151:
1649:; includes summary, instrumentation, critical observations, work details
253:. The first complete UK performance was a 2002 concert in London by the
239:
2650:
2394:, Philadelphia, on musicweb-international.com. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
843:
631:
589:
388:
343:
249:
Another European production was given in February 2001, in Helsinki at
186:
81:
1659:
Ginman, John (March 2004). "Opera as 'Information': The Dramaturgy of
361:, the opera received its Los Angeles area premiere in March 2014 with
2620:
1313:
534:
319:
262:
155:
2191:"John Adams decries cancellation of 'Klinghoffer' cinema broadcast"
1738:
693:
561:
406:
166:
106:
38:
1995:"John Adams: 'It was a rant, a riff and an ugly personal attack'"
158:. The work's creators and others have disputed these criticisms.
667:
The general style of the opera's music resembles that of Adams'
681:
635:
296:
performed a semi-staged concert version with Adams conducting.
1863:"Review/Opera; Seeking Symmetry Between Palestinians and Jews"
1374:"In a New Generation, a Searing Opera Breaks Free of Polemics"
720:
2429:
686:
449:
98:
2902:
2245:"Floyd Abrams: Klinghoffer and the 'Two Sides' of Terrorism"
209:
2165:"New York's Met cancel The Death of Klinghoffer simulcast"
302:
received its second full American staging in June 2011 at
135:
The concept of the opera originated with theatre director
2224:"The Trouble With Klinghoffer Isn't Quite What You Think"
2150:
216:
studio recording in that French city with the same cast.
830:
Protesters picket the opening night, September 22, 2014
796:
performance generated renewed controversy. A letter to
2891:
593:
to let Molqi choose the food for the Captain to eat.
139:, who was a major collaborator, as was choreographer
124:
in 1985, and the hijackers' murder of a 69-year-old
2490:
I Was Looking at the Ceiling and Then I Saw the Sky
1006:"S.F. Opera Commissions 'The Death of Klinghoffer'"
949:
947:
2307:"Betrayal in the Metropolitan Opera Production of
1397:
2333:"Protests Greet Metropolitan Opera's Premiere of
1368:
1339:
1302:
2915:
2163:Michaels, Sean; Tilden, Imogen (June 18, 2014).
2056:: Opera and Arab Identity before and after 9/11"
1930:
1699:
1529:"Met cancels broadcast amidst anti-Semitism row"
1068:"Seeking Symmetry Between Palestinians and Jews"
1062:
944:
242:, followed by a second German production at the
1585:, Metropolitan Opera. Accessed October 21, 2014
1459:
1270:
1147:
2162:
1491:
915:the state of Israel, a democracy ruled by law.
2445:
2020:
1959:
1760:
1179:
1029:
227:philosophy of the opera, planned stagings at
2398:"Alice Goodman: The furore that finished me"
2242:
1793:
1242:
1210:
1116:
212:premiere took place. This was followed by a
2388:"Seen and Heard International Opera Review"
1992:
1429:
1217:A Fearless Dissection of Terrorist Mindset"
1143:
1141:
721:Controversy and allegations of antisemitism
650:The "Day Chorus" links scene 2 to scene 3.
357:After being dropped from production by the
310:, directed by James Robinson, and starring
234:When the original production was staged by
2452:
2438:
2049:
1936:"Music's Dangers and the Case for Control"
689:, which does not take part in the action.
346:announced that after discussions with the
342:. In June 2014, the Met's general manager
37:
2061:Journal of the Society for American Music
1857:
1822:
1595:
1546:
906:Former New York City mayor and opera fan
2270:
2221:
1138:
612:the Islamic story of Hagar and the Angel
165:
2691:Must the Devil Have All the Good Tunes?
2222:Davidson, Justin (September 21, 2014).
1887:
1885:
1035:"From an Episode of Terrorism, Adams's
1003:
846:, general manager for the Met, stated:
616:the Biblical story of Hagar and Ishmael
2994:Cultural depictions of American people
2916:
2788:Choruses from The Death of Klinghoffer
2518:The Gospel According to the Other Mary
2390:, performance of February 18, 2005 of
2330:
2106:
1658:
973:
161:
2999:Cultural depictions of businesspeople
2433:
1799:"Klinghoffer Daughters Protest Opera"
1460:Richard Fairman (February 27, 2012).
1303:Robert Thicknesse (August 24, 2005).
1004:Cariaga, Daniel (November 12, 1989).
671:period, in the vein also of music by
2331:Cooper, Michael (October 20, 2014).
1891:
1882:
1398:Sarah Bryan Miller (June 16, 2011).
1148:Andrew Clements (January 21, 2002).
980:Protesters Flock to Met Opera House"
974:Cooper, Michael (October 20, 2014).
679:. Intervallic relationships such as
219:The first US performance was at the
2959:Race-related controversies in opera
2944:Opera world premieres at La Monnaie
2107:Polisi, Joseph W. (February 2009).
1271:Andrew Clements (August 24, 2005).
842:printed program of the production.
780:Not long ago our attorney general,
662:
231:and in Los Angeles were cancelled.
13:
2188:
1345:"Giving Voice To an Act Of Terror"
1211:William Dart (February 18, 2005).
1117:Keith Potter (February 23, 2001).
1092:"Art Attack: John Adams, composer"
806:America-Israel Cultural Foundation
14:
3015:
2358:
2243:Floyd Abrams (October 15, 2014).
1763:"Art And Terror in the Same Boat"
379:Roles, voice types, premiere cast
115:hijacking of the passenger liner
2964:Religious controversies in opera
2901:
2276:"Rudy Giuliani: Why I Protested
1993:Anna Picard (January 13, 2002).
1243:Andrew Clark (August 25, 2005).
824:
610:The "Hagar Chorus", relating to
2924:Operas by John Adams (composer)
2324:
2299:
2264:
2236:
2215:
2182:
2156:
2135:
2100:
2043:
2014:
1986:
1953:
1924:
1851:
1816:
1787:
1761:Michael Walsh (April 1, 1991).
1754:
1726:
1693:
1652:
1643:(1990) 140': Opera in two acts"
1632:
1620:
1601:"Distress at Sea, and Offstage"
1589:
1575:
1540:
1522:
1485:
1453:
1423:
1404:is powerful night at the opera"
1391:
1362:
1333:
1296:
1264:
1245:"Reality of terrorism on stage"
1236:
1204:
2949:Operas set in the 20th century
2795:On the Transmigration of Souls
2459:
2375:"Going Under with Klinghoffer"
2050:Longobardi, Ruth Sara (2009).
1734:"Opera As A Source Of Healing"
1277:(Festival Theatre, Edinburgh)"
1173:
1110:
1085:
1056:
1023:
997:
967:
926:In support of the production,
369:and staged by James Robinson.
338:, in a co-production with the
1:
2724:John's Book of Alleged Dances
1430:Steve Smith (June 17, 2011).
937:
919:American writer and feminist
393:Premiere cast, March 19, 1991
326:as the Captain, conducted by
2579:Short Ride in a Fast Machine
1627:2014 performance information
1436:Returns, to Be Debated Anew"
1185:"Sing it again, Klinghoffer"
304:Opera Theatre of Saint Louis
128:wheelchair-using passenger,
7:
2954:Operas based on real people
2614:My Father Knew Charles Ives
2600:Naive and Sentimental Music
2189:Ng, David (June 17, 2014).
2109:"Letters to the Editor: On
1892:Fink, Robert (July 2005). "
1679:10.1080/1026716032000152217
1666:Contemporary Theatre Review
1629:on Long Beach Opera website
930:, the artistic director of
588:, informs the Captain that
577:The unnamed captain of the
555:
550:
10:
3020:
122:Palestine Liberation Front
3004:Works set on cruise ships
2868:
2850:
2804:
2772:
2747:
2700:
2630:
2541:
2467:
2074:10.1017/s1752196309990435
1910:10.1017/s0954586705001989
1119:"Klinghoffer resurrected"
823:
818:
754:Boston Symphony Orchestra
715:Choruses from Klinghoffer
543:
290:Curtis Institute of Music
267:London Symphony Orchestra
221:Brooklyn Academy of Music
203:Brooklyn Academy of Music
145:Brooklyn Academy of Music
66:
58:
48:
43:Composer John Adams, 2008
36:
28:
23:
2525:Girls of the Golden West
2483:The Death of Klinghoffer
2392:The Death of Klinghoffer
2309:The Death of Klinghoffer
2278:The Death of Klinghoffer
2111:The Death of Klinghoffer
1661:The Death of Klinghoffer
1641:The Death of Klinghoffer
1583:The Death of Klinghoffer
1554:The Death of Klinghoffer
1499:The Death of Klinghoffer
1464:The Death of Klinghoffer
1307:The Death of Klinghoffer
1275:The Death of Klinghoffer
1152:The Death of Klinghoffer
1104:October 7, 2015, at the
874:The Death of Klinghoffer
852:The Death of Klinghoffer
605:
567:
372:
300:The Death of Klinghoffer
94:The Death of Klinghoffer
24:The Death of Klinghoffer
2939:English-language operas
2607:Guide to Strange Places
2250:The Wall Street Journal
1898:Cambridge Opera Journal
1832:Sinks Into Minimal Sea"
1709:Sinks Into Minimal Sea"
1409:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
868:magazine piece, critic
105:to an English-language
71:19 March 1991
2380:Jewish Review of Books
1896:in Brooklyn Heights".
1826:(September 15, 1991).
1797:(September 11, 1991).
1703:(September 15, 1991).
1222:The New Zealand Herald
917:
856:
786:
348:Anti-Defamation League
336:English National Opera
294:Juilliard Opera Center
255:BBC Symphony Orchestra
251:Finnish National Opera
223:on September 5, 1991.
174:
2665:The Dharma at Big Sur
2147:Still Draws Protests"
2143:"Twenty Years Later,
2024:(December 15, 2001).
1861:(September 7, 1991).
1066:(September 7, 1991).
956:, "Breaking Taboos".
912:
848:
798:The Juilliard Journal
778:
698:Johann Sebastian Bach
509:British Dancing Girl
199:Glyndebourne Festival
169:
2748:Other ensemble works
2532:Antony and Cleopatra
2400:by Stuart Jeffries,
2274:(October 20, 2014).
1963:(December 4, 2003).
1934:(December 9, 2001).
1775:on November 22, 2010
1599:(October 21, 2014).
1550:(November 3, 2014).
1402:Death of Klinghoffer
1372:(February 1, 2009).
1343:(December 5, 2003).
1215:Death of Klinghoffer
1037:Death of Klinghoffer
964:, 543–548 (May 2003)
954:Christiansen, Rupert
862:In a September 2014
750:September 11 attacks
700:, in particular his
531:Marilyn Klinghoffer
201:in England, and the
2969:Opera controversies
2827:Hallelujah Junction
2763:Grand Pianola Music
2565:The Chairman Dances
2369:Boosey & Hawkes
1647:Boosey & Hawkes
1466:, Coliseum, London"
1154:(Barbican, London)"
526:Stephanie Friedman
381:
324:Christopher Magiera
322:as Klinghoffer and
314:as the Captain and
312:Christopher Magiera
244:Opernhaus Wuppertal
236:San Francisco Opera
191:San Francisco Opera
162:Performance history
16:Opera by John Adams
2678:Saxophone Concerto
2586:Slonimsky's Earbox
2386:Bernard Jacobsen,
2341:The New York Times
2203:on October 6, 2012
2153:, October 17, 2014
1973:The New York Times
1940:The New York Times
1868:The New York Times
1837:The New York Times
1803:The New York Times
1713:The New York Times
1606:The New York Times
1597:Tommasini, Anthony
1440:The New York Times
1378:The New York Times
1349:The New York Times
1072:The New York Times
1043:The New York Times
1033:(March 21, 1991).
984:The New York Times
932:The Public Theater
839:Metropolitan Opera
837:In June 2014, the
771:The New York Times
737:The New York Times
431:Swiss Grandmother
418:The First Officer
377:
340:Metropolitan Opera
279:Edinburgh Festival
175:
2934:Minimalist operas
2889:
2888:
2756:American Standard
2639:The Wound-Dresser
2426:, 23 October 2014
2406:, 30 January 2012
2196:Los Angeles Times
2117:Juilliard Journal
1859:Rothstein, Edward
1828:"Classical View;
1824:Rothstein, Edward
1495:(March 2, 2012).
1370:Anthony Tommasini
1341:Anthony Tommasini
1010:Los Angeles Times
893:Lee Harvey Oswald
835:
834:
757:widely discussed
548:
547:
359:Los Angeles Opera
328:Baldur Brönnimann
275:Auckland Festival
177:Theatre director
90:
89:
3011:
2989:MS Achille Lauro
2974:Political operas
2906:
2905:
2897:
2881:Postmodern music
2869:Related articles
2834:American Berserk
2717:Chamber Symphony
2542:Orchestral works
2511:A Flowering Tree
2454:
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2373:Mitchell Cohen,
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2199:. Archived from
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2139:
2133:
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2095:
2093:
2088:on July 25, 2011
2084:. Archived from
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2026:"The witch-hunt"
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1990:
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1771:. Archived from
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1742:. March 31, 1991
1730:
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1701:Edward Rothstein
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1321:on June 16, 2011
1317:. Archived from
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763:Richard Taruskin
742:Edward Rothstein
669:minimalist music
663:Musical analysis
628:Leon Klinghoffer
580:MS Achille Lauro
544:Chorus, dancers
484:Leon Klinghoffer
382:
380:
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363:Long Beach Opera
308:Michael Christie
130:Leon Klinghoffer
101:, with music by
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1537:, June 18, 2014
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921:Phyllis Chesler
901:Osama bin Laden
885:First Amendment
870:Justin Davidson
825:
808:. He described
740:theater critic
723:
665:
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570:
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504:Thomas Hammons
472:Austrian Woman
426:Thomas Hammons
412:James Maddalena
394:
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365:, conducted by
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97:is an American
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2383:, Spring 2015.
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2272:Giuliani, Rudy
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2068:(3): 273–310.
2052:"Re-producing
2042:
2013:
1985:
1969:Anti-Semitic?"
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