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The head of one of the bloody nails that he holds is in front of the fictional wooden picture frame, though the point of the other nail is behind the tracery. Campbell argues that, in order to prevent these spatial distortions from becoming too obvious, Rogier took pains to conceal the principal pictorial junctions in the picture. For example, the ladder is in an impossible perspective: its top is behind the cross while its foot appears to be in front of the cross. To conceal the points at which the Cross and the ladder meet the landscape, Rogier has greatly lengthened the Virgin's left leg, so that her left foot and mantle cover the base of the Cross and one upright of the ladder.
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the assistant on his ladder. At the "back" of the painting, the assistant breaks the spatial illusion, by allowing one of the two nails he holds to protrude in front of the painted niche. Campbell argues that the key to the work is not naturalism in the detail of the painting, but rather the use of distortion to induce a sense of unease in the viewer. By including completely irrational details and by distorting otherwise extremely faithful images of reality, the artist shocks us into reconsidering our attitudes to his subjects. Campbell suggests that, in certain aspects, Rogier has more in common with
376:. Christ's feet appear to be still nailed together, while the spread of His arms retains the position of His body on the Cross. Christ's body is shown as if held out for the concentrated gaze of the viewer. Joseph of Arimathea looks across the body towards the skull of Adam. Joseph appears as a sumptuously dressed burgher and has the most portrait-like appearance of the figures in the painting; his gaze links the hands of Christ and his mother, the new Adam and Eve, with the skull of Adam. Thereby visualising the essence of the Redemption.
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340:, or sculptural group, the latter of which is created through the sense of condensed movement within a single instant. Mary faints and is supported by St John who rushes to her assistance. The man on the ladder lowers Christ's body, which is already reinforced by Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, both of whom seem to want to carry it to the right of the pictorial space. Nicodemus's movement transforms the weeping
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crossbow: " bow consists of a piece of wood or horn and a string, which represents our
Saviour. The string can represent his most holy body, which was miraculously strained and stretched in the suffering of his Passion." The fourteenth-century poet Heinrich von Neustadt wrote: "He was laid out on the cross:/There were his pure limbs/and his arms drawn/Like the string of a bow." In Rogier's
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146:, and that it was copied and adapted on a large scale in the two centuries after its completion. The emotional impact of the weeping mourners grieving over Christ's body, and the subtle depiction of space in van der Weyden's work have generated extensive critical comments, one of the most famous being, that of
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De Vos also analyses the spatial complexity of the painting. The action takes place in a space barely a shoulder-width deep, yet there are no fewer than five levels of depth within the painting: the Virgin Mary at the front, the body of Christ, the bearded figure of Joseph of
Arimathea, the cross and
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An example of the play with the illusion of space can be seen in the young man at the top of the ladder holding the nails withdrawn from Christ's body. Campbell points out that this servant behind the cross appears to have caught his sleeve in the wooden tracery depicted at the top of the painting.
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The shape of the crossbow can be seen in the bent and contorted outline and curve of Christ's body and arched back, which seems to reflect the patronage of the
Greater Guild of Crossbowmen. Powell argues that in medieval theology, a common metaphor compared the form of Christ on the cross to a taut
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and shows the older painter's influence, most notable in the hard sculpted surfaces, realistic facial features and vivid primary colours, mostly reds, whites and blues. The work was a self-conscious attempt by van der Weyden to create a masterpiece that would establish an international reputation.
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commented, "It seems that the innovation that van der Weyden made were so striking that other artists throughout Europe, almost could not get away from them. They are quoted again and again and again." Nash concluded, "I think there's a very, very strong case to be made that this is the most
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into a statue frozen in time. De Vos writes: "Time seems to have solidified into a composition. And what a composition. Interplay of undulating lines, swaying poses and counterposes of figures have rightly been compared to technique of counterpoint in polyphonic music."
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also emphasized the significance of the Virgin Mary and her belief in Christ at the moment of his death. Denis expresses the conviction that the Virgin Mary was near death when Christ gave up his spirit; Van der Weyden's painting powerfully conveys this idea.
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date is estimated based on the work's style, and because the artist acquired wealth and renown around this time, most likely from the prestige this masterwork brought him. It was painted early in his career, shortly after he completed his apprenticeship with
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was in a state of decay with cracks in the panel threatening to split the painting, and a marked deterioration of the paint surface. A major restoration of the painting was carried out by the Prado, under the supervision of George
Bisacca from the
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Arcus, qui ex ligno et chorda, vel cornu et chorda constat, eumdem
Dominum ac Redemptorem nostrum nobiliter demonstrat. Potest enim designari per chordam sanctissima ejus caro, diversis tribulationum angustiis mirabiliter attracta atque
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might lie behind many paintings of the
Deposition, including Rogier's: "Then the lady reverently receives the hanging right hand and places it against her cheek gazes upon it, and kisses it with heavy tears and sorrowful sighs."
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150:: "It may be said that the painted tear, a shining pearl born of the strongest emotion, epitomizes that which Italian most admired in Early Flemish painting: pictorial brilliance and sentiment".
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The work is unique in the period because of Mary's swoon; her collapse echoes the pose of her son, as far as to the two figures that hold her as she falls. This pose was entirely new for
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of the picture reflect the original patronage. De Vos and
Campbell both give an approximate date of 1435 for the painting. De Vos argues that the earliest known copy of Van der Weyden's
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473:: "A large panel on which is painted the deposition from the cross, with our Lady and eight other figures ... by the hand of Maestre Rogier, which used to belong to the queen Mary".
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in Leuwen, may have been completed by 1435, certainly before 1443. This implies that Van der Weyden's painting pre-dates it. The painting was exchanged around 1548 for a copy by
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503:. It was brought to Switzerland by train in the summer of 1939, where the Spanish Republic publicised its plight with an exhibition: "Masterpieces of the Prado", held in the
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In 1953 art historian Otto Von Simson claimed that "no other painting of its school has been copied or adapted so often". In a 2010 episode of the BBC documentary series
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290:, first published in 1418. The text, just as the image here, invites the reader or viewer to personally identify with the suffering of Christ and Mary. The doctrines of
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identifies Joseph of
Arimathea as the man in red supporting Christ's body, and Nicodemus as the man supporting Christ's legs, the opposite of Campbell's identification.
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The work has been often copied and is extremely influential; within van der Weyden's own lifetime, it was considered an important and unique work of art. In 1565, the
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257:(in field-of-cloth-of-gold robes, the most sumptuous costume in the painting), the bearded man behind Joseph holding a jar and probably another servant and
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filled with polychrome figures and thus elevate his painting to the level of grand-scale sculpture. The work's corners are filled with carved gilded
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the jar is likely an emblem of the
Magdalen, containing the 'pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly', with which she anointed the feet of Jesus
556:, which is inscribed with the words "M. Rogerij Belgiae inuentum". Cock's engraving is the earliest record of Rogier's name in association with the
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The image can be read as a petrified synthesis of all the stages during and after the
Descent from the Cross: the lowering of the corpse, the
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In her history of the veneration of the Virgin Mary, Miri Rubin writes that in the early 15th century artists began to depict the "
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became more elaborate, and more attention was paid to the role of Christ's mother. One example is the anonymous 14th-century text,
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174:(19:38–42) adds one assistant, Nicodemus. None of these accounts mention Mary. During the Middle Ages, the narrative of the
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from his aunt Mary in 1558, Philip transported the painting to Spain, where it was installed in his hunting lodge,
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was the most influential painting to show this moment. This swooning was described by theologians with the word
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There is disagreement between art historians as to the representation of Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus.
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Art historians have commented that this work was arguably the most influential Netherlandish painting of
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von Simson, Otto G., " Compassio and Co-redemption in Roger van der Weyden's Descent from the Cross".
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Powell, Amy. "The Errant Image: Rogier van der Weyden's Deposition from the Cross and its Copies".
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511:. That September, the painting returned to the Prado, where it has since remained. By 1992, the
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253:(in red), a young man on the ladder – either a servant of Nicodemus or of Joseph of Arimathea,
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Van Eyck to Dürer: The Influence of Early Netherlandish Painting on European Art, 1430–1530
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214:. In the early 16th century, such was the popularity of depictions of the swooning Virgin,
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and installed in the Chapel of Our Lady Without the Walls. The tiny crossbows in the side
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768:, Alexandria, 1996, vol. 174, 1150A-B. Quoted and discussed in Frederick P. Pickering,
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589:'s collaborative project with the Prado made twelve of its masterpieces, including
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The Errant Image: Rogier van der Weyden's Deposition from the Cross and its Copies
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The Errant Image: Rogier van der Weyden's Deposition from the Cross and its Copies
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The Errant Image: Rogier van der Weyden's Deposition from the Cross and its Copies
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Northern Renaissance Art; Painting, Sculpture, The Graphic Arts from 1350 to 1575
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Das gotische Christusbild: Zu den Quellen mittelalterlicher Passionsdarstellungen
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Mary of Clopas, Saint John the Evangelist and Mary Salome (according to Campbell)
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The altar and the altarpiece: sacramental themes in early Netherlandish painting
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broke out in Spain in 1936, many religious works of art were destroyed. The
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Campbell, Lorne. "The New Pictorial Language of Rogier van der Weyden", in
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De Vos suggests that van der Weyden wished to evoke a life-sized, carved
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Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good
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on his tour of his possessions in the Netherlands. After inheriting the
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In their accounts of the descent of Christ's body from the Cross, the
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The Victorious Hannibal Seeing Italy from the Alps for the First Time
1032:"Google brings masterpieces from Prado direct to armchair art lovers"
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was lobbied with a request to designate a holy day as a feast of the
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important painting of the whole period of the entire 15th century."
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has identified the figures in the painting as (from left to right):
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336:, with the presentation of living figures on a stage intended as a
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Execution of Torrijos and his Companions on the Beach at Málaga
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The Christ Child and the Infant John the Baptist with a Shell
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Madonna and Child with Saint Mary Magdalene and Saint Ursula
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Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in his Painting Gallery in Brussels
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Excursion in the Countryside of Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia
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Van der Weyden positioned Christ's body in the T-shape of a
450:. The painting was initially installed in Mary's castle at
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Virgin and Child Between Saints Anthony of Padua and Roch
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Doña Antonia de Ipeñarrieta y Galdós and Her Son Don Luis
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who adopts a dramatic pose on the right of the painting.
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The Virgin and Child with Saint George and Saint Dorothy
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Feast of Herod with the Beheading of St John the Baptist
905:. Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Madrid, 1996. 448.
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Saint Peter Nolasco's Vision of Saint Peter the Apostle
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Early Netherlandish painting: Its Origins and Character
1010:"BBC Television reflects on the true meaning of Easter"
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The Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia in the Mariemont Park
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The Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia in the Mariemont Park
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Portrait of Marsilio Cassotti and His Bride Faustina
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Rogier van der Weyden: 1400-1464. Master of Passions
241:(in green, another half-sister of the Virgin Mary),
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Paintings in the Museo del Prado by Flemish artists
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Diptych of Philip de Croÿ with The Virgin and Child
4080:Landscape with St Paula of Rome Embarking at Ostia
3623:Madonna and Child with the Infant John the Baptist
495:took action to protect its artistic masterpieces;
457:Alvárez had accompanied the future king of Spain,
2673:Equestrian Portrait of the Count-Duke of Olivares
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2975:Triptych with Scenes from the Life of the Virgin
1157:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953.
2655:Equestrian Portrait of Prince Balthasar Charles
1547:Portrait of Antoine, 'Grand Bâtard' of Burgundy
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3713:Portrait of Camilla Gonzaga and Her Three Sons
2956:The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things
703:, ed. Campbell & Van der Stock, 2009. 2–64
186:. Barbara Lane suggests this passage from the
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1820:Fragments of a Cope with the Seven Sacraments
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1074:The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings
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552:, the first graphic reproduction of Rogier's
536:, c. 1518-1520, given a landscape background.
414:The painting was commissioned by the Greater
162:relate the story only in connection with the
3566:The Story of Nastagio Degli Onesti, part one
928:. Artinitiatives. 2005-10-18. Archived from
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569:which examined the history and influence of
134:
4110:Landscape with the Temptation of St Anthony
3719:Portrait of Pier Maria Rossi di San Secondo
2667:Equestrian Portrait of Margarita of Austria
2497:The Immaculate Conception of Los Venerables
1169:Mother of God: A History of the Virgin Mary
1119:. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1960
758:
128:
4280:On display at the Spanish Embassy in Paris
3521:Portrait of Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia
2836:Hercules Separates Mounts Calpe and Abylla
2649:Equestrian Portrait of Elisabeth of France
1889:
1875:
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1100:Campbell, Lorne & Van der Stock, Jan,
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2430:The Recovery of Bahía de Todos los Santos
2121:Portrait of the Marchioness of Santa Cruz
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1124:Rogier Van Der Weyden: The Complete Works
995:The Private Life of an Easter Masterpiece
923:"Frames: The Northern European Tradition"
903:Museo del Prado, Catálogo de las pinturas
766:Patrologia Latina: The Full-Text Database
701:Rogier van der Weyden, Master of Passions
4277:On display at Museo de América in Madrid
3341:Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma
2824:The Defence of Cádiz Against the English
2757:Infanta Margarita Teresa in a Pink Dress
2491:The Immaculate Conception of El Escorial
2157:Pilgrimage to the Fountain of San Isidro
1197:. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2005.
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4317:Paintings of the Descent from the Cross
4274:On display at El Greco Museum in Toledo
4098:Landscape with the Burial of St Serapia
3598:Mural Paintings from the Herrera Chapel
3282:Landscape with Charon Crossing the Styx
2230:The Nobleman with his Hand on his Chest
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4189:Time Defeated by Love, Beauty and Hope
3869:Alfonso d'Avalos Addressing his Troops
3131:Diana and a Nymph Surprised by a Satyr
3113:Self-portrait with Sir Endymion Porter
2703:View of the Garden of the Villa Medici
603:List of works by Rogier van der Weyden
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4176:Marriage Contract and Country Dancing
3527:Portrait of Giovanni Battista Caselli
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1062:. London: Thames & Hudson, 2011.
853:Descent from the Cross, Prado website
3744:Christ Falling on the Way to Calvary
2709:Prince Balthasar Charles as a Hunter
2217:Witches' Sabbath (The Great He-Goat)
1778:The Justice of Trajan and Herkinbald
1187:, Vol. 35, No. 1, March, 1953. 9–16.
271:
34:. Oil on oak panel, 220cm × 262 cm.
4104:Landscape with the Finding of Moses
4092:Landscape with St María de Cervelló
3636:The Birth of Saint John the Baptist
3295:Judith at the Banquet of Holofernes
2854:Saint Luke Painting the Crucifixion
2326:Portrait of Rodrigo Vázquez de Arce
1896:
780:Zeitschrift fur Literaturgeschichte
116:to reflect the commission from the
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4337:Paintings by Rogier van der Weyden
3804:Christ Washing the Disciples' Feet
2769:Portrait of Juan Martínez Montañés
2715:Portrait of the Infante Don Carlos
2485:The Holy Family with a Little Bird
2031:Charles IV of Spain and His Family
1595:Portrait of John I, Duke of Cleves
999:. BBC2, 3 April 2010 (documentary)
499:was evacuated from El Escorial to
233:(half-sister to the Virgin Mary);
84:, Madrid. The crucified Christ is
14:
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4163:Portrait of Ferdinand VI as a Boy
4116:Landscape with Tobias and Raphael
3220:Portrait of José Nicolás de Azara
2872:The Vision of Saint Peter Nolasco
2842:Hercules Fighting the Nemean Lion
2661:Equestrian Portrait of Philip III
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566:The Private Life of a Masterpiece
130:Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-van-Ginderbuiten
16:Painting by Rogier van der Weyden
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3926:Portrait of Isabella of Portugal
3914:Portrait of Charles V with a Dog
3857:Equestrian Portrait of Charles V
3245:Flemish Market and Washing Place
3233:Landscape with Sea and Mountains
2643:Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV
2320:Portrait of Jerónimo de Cevallos
2314:Portrait of an Unknown Gentleman
2085:The Duchess of Alba and la Beata
1535:Portrait of Isabella of Portugal
1249:by Rogier van der Weyden (Prado)
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1215:
438:and an organ. The new owner was
56:Descent of Christ from the Cross
3920:Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga
3875:Danaë Receiving the Golden Rain
3515:Portrait of Elisabeth of Valois
3417:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
2787:Portrait of Philip IV in Armour
2781:Portrait of Pablo de Valladolid
2242:Doña María de Aragón Altarpiece
1090:. London: Chaucer Press, 2004.
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222:. The request was turned down.
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3163:Francken the Younger
2994:The Wine of Saint Martin's Day
2926:The Garden of Earthly Delights
2799:Portrait of Sebastián de Morra
2793:Portrait of Mariana of Austria
2745:The Jester Don John of Austria
2452:Aranjuez Immaculate Conception
2332:Saint Andrew and Saint Francis
2284:Julián Romero and Saint Julian
1030:Tremlett, Giles (2009-01-13).
1012:. BBC Press Office. 2010-02-09
855:". Retrieved 26 December 2010.
706:
677:
668:
659:
646:
637:
628:
619:
394:than with his contemporaries.
153:
1:
3959:Saint Margaret and the Dragon
3851:The Bacchanal of the Andrians
3778:Holy Family under an Oak Tree
3081:Rest on the Flight into Egypt
2775:The Nun Jerónima de la Fuente
2751:Portrait of Francisco Lezcano
2739:The Jester Don Diego de Acedo
2685:Apollo in the Forge of Vulcan
2577:The Martyrdom of Saint Philip
2503:The Martyrdom of Saint Andrew
1950:
1909:
1383:Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin
1104:. Leuven: Davidsfonds, 2009.
608:
444:Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V
401:
310:
100:
74:
28:
4347:Paintings of the Virgin Mary
4135:Landscape with Three Figures
2962:The Temptation of St Anthony
2473:The Conversion of Saint Paul
2302:Portrait of a Young Nobleman
1854:Portrait of Charles the Bold
1559:Portrait of Francesco d'Este
1371:Virgin and Child with Saints
997:: The Descent From the Cross
891:Arte protegido/Protected Art
613:
523:
446:, for whom she governed the
180:Meditationes de Vita Christi
88:, his lifeless body held by
7:
4352:Paintings of Mary Magdalene
3377:Saint George and the Dragon
2848:Saint Elizabeth of Portugal
1846:Portrait of Philip the Good
1696:Seven Sacraments Altarpiece
1613:Diptych of Jeanne of France
596:
10:
4388:
4246:The Apotheosis of Claudius
3810:Joseph and Potiphar's Wife
3785:Andrea del Sarto
3472:The Descent from the Cross
3359:The Birth of the Milky Way
3329:The Dance of the Villagers
2596:The Mulattos of Esmeraldas
2443:Adoration of the Shepherds
2308:Portrait of an Elderly Man
2236:Adoration of the Shepherds
2151:A Pilgrimage to San Isidro
1838:A Man Reading (Saint Ivo?)
1359:The Descent from the Cross
1311:Virgin and Child Enthroned
1140:. Harper & Row, 1984.
1076:. National Gallery, 1998.
1051:
579:Courtauld Institute of Art
571:The Descent From The Cross
548:published an engraving by
518:Metropolitan Museum of Art
497:The Descent from the Cross
471:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
245:(swooning), the corpse of
44:The Descent from the Cross
26:The Descent from the Cross
4270:
4237:
4233:
4222:
4198:
4023:
3838:The Immaculate Conception
3487:
3405:(with Brueghel the Elder)
3389:The Triumph of the Church
3270:(with Brueghel the Elder)
3261:(with Brueghel the Elder)
3182:Apollo as Victor over Pan
3169:The Sciences and the Arts
2881:
2356:Saint John the Evangelist
2344:Saint Bernardino of Siena
2254:Christ Carrying the Cross
2175:Self-portrait at 69 years
1960:
1956:
1945:
1915:
1904:
1829:
1811:
1792:
1769:
1746:
1651:
1604:
1523:Portrait of a Young Woman
1502:
1491:
1431:Saint Jerome and the Lion
1300:
1291:
1214:
1209:
1164:, Vol. 29, No. 4. 540–552
1126:. Harry N. Abrams, 1999.
505:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire
4327:Paintings in El Escorial
4008:Christ Among the Doctors
3592:Assumption of the Virgin
3143:The Crowning with Thorns
2697:Coronation of the Virgin
2374:Saint Thomas the Apostle
2199:Two Old Ones Eating Soup
2163:Saturn Devouring His Son
2133:The Milkmaid of Bordeaux
2061:The Countess of Chinchon
1933:Cloister of Saint Jerome
1732:Saint Columba Altarpiece
136:Notre-Dame-hors-les-Murs
3944:Religion saved by Spain
3825:The Washing of the Feet
3707:Holy Family with Angels
3604:Venus, Adonis and Cupid
3006:Life in the Countryside
2733:The Jester Calabacillas
2424:Portrait of a Gentleman
2296:Portrait of a Gentleman
2109:Man Mocked by Two Women
1395:Saint Hubert Altarpiece
1058:Borchert, Till-Holger.
757:Gottfried von Admont, "
287:The Imitation of Christ
278:Early Netherlandish art
4154:The Family of Philip V
4064:The Family of Philip V
4051:The Pearl and the Wave
3738:Portrait of a Cardinal
3308:The Judgement of Paris
3251:Landscape with Skaters
3119:The Betrayal of Christ
3046:Marriage of the Virgin
2830:Hercules and the Hydra
2763:Portrait of Maria Anna
2631:The Surrender of Breda
2622:
2617:The Triumph of Bacchus
2608:
2509:Our Lady of the Rosary
2405:The Death of Cleopatra
2338:Saint Anthony of Padua
2169:The Second of May 1808
1247:Descent from the Cross
779:
771:
759:
654:Altars and Altarpieces
591:Descent from the Cross
537:
484:
411:
361:
353:
317:
199:
135:
129:
86:lowered from the cross
69:by the Flemish artist
39:
3816:Judith and Holofernes
3323:Adoration of the Magi
3207:Adoration of the Magi
3188:Meleager and Atalanta
2932:Adoration of the Magi
2818:The Death of Hercules
2727:The Jester Barbarroja
2679:Adoration of the Magi
2515:The Patrician's Dream
2418:Adoration of the Magi
2350:Saint James the Great
2266:The Flight into Egypt
2187:The Third of May 1808
2097:Judith and Holofernes
2025:Boys playing soldiers
1923:Casón del Buen Retiro
1684:Miraflores Altarpiece
1660:Annunciation Triptych
1583:Portrait of Jean Gros
1467:Lamentation of Christ
1443:Saint John Altarpiece
1285:Rogier van der Weyden
1251:at Wikimedia Commons
643:Panofsky 1953, p. 258
531:
479:
409:
360:Mary, mother of Jesus
359:
351:
301:
197:
71:Rogier van der Weyden
24:
4014:The Finding of Moses
3989:The Worship of Venus
3649:The Finding of Moses
3395:Deucalion and Pyrrha
3371:The Rape of Ganymede
3194:The Painter's Family
2988:The Triumph of Death
2950:Head of a Halberdier
2944:The Haywain Triptych
2900:The Fountain of Life
2866:Still Life with Pots
2290:Portrait of a Doctor
2001:Allegory of Industry
1672:Crucifixion Triptych
1335:The Magdalen Reading
1323:The Madonna Standing
1171:, Allen Lane, 2009,
866:Northern Renaissance
448:Habsburg Netherlands
292:Denis the Carthusian
164:Entombment of Christ
144:Christ's crucifixion
50:Deposition of Christ
4367:Joseph of Arimathea
4038:Agony in the Garden
3908:Philip II in Armour
3750:Madonna of the Rose
3694:Death of the Virgin
3643:O. Gentileschi
3630:A. Gentileschi
3437:Teniers the Younger
2534:Doña Joanna the Mad
2521:Rebecca and Eleazar
2464:Christ on the Cross
1919:Villanueva building
1720:The Braque Triptych
1708:Bladelin Altarpiece
1625:Crucifixion Diptych
1511:Portrait of a Woman
1117:Looking at Pictures
432:Edeleheere triptych
303:The Crucified Thief
284:' popular treatise
255:Joseph of Arimathea
235:John the Evangelist
204:Swoon of the Virgin
166:. According to the
127:) for their chapel
90:Joseph of Arimathea
3974:Venus and Musician
3791:Sacrifice of Isaac
3365:The Rape of Europa
3353:The Garden of Love
3335:Diana and Callisto
3125:The Brazen Serpent
2913:The Ages and Death
2583:The Blind Sculptor
2272:Holy Face of Jesus
2091:Fight with Cudgels
1975:José de Espronceda
1571:Portrait of a Lady
992:Gold, Mick (dir).
730:von Simson, 14–15.
538:
485:
418:of Crossbowmen of
412:
362:
354:
318:
200:
40:
4332:Flemish paintings
4299:
4298:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4253:Castor and Pollux
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4206:British paintings
3579:David and Goliath
2982:Bruegel the Elder
2938:Cutting the Stone
2479:The Good Shepherd
2019:Blind Man's Bluff
1941:
1940:
1864:
1863:
1755:Beaune Altarpiece
1244:Media related to
1237:
1236:
1221:Van der Weyden's
1110:978-90-8526-105-6
1086:Campbell, Lorne.
1082:978-1-85709-171-7
1072:Campbell, Lorne.
1068:978-0-500-23883-7
784:, 47, 1953, 31–2.
272:Sources and style
184:Ludolph of Saxony
168:canonical gospels
4379:
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4288:
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4223:
4185:
4172:
4159:
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4125:
4076:
4069:
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4047:
4034:
4002:Venus and Adonis
3998:
3979:
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3965:Venus and Adonis
3955:
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3468:
3459:Alpine Landscape
3455:
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3406:
3317:The Three Graces
3313:
3304:
3291:
3278:
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3203:
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3109:
3090:
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3035:
3026:
3025:(with de Momper)
3017:
3016:(with de Momper)
2984:
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2922:
2909:
2896:
2808:
2691:Christ Crucified
2627:
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2605:
2592:
2543:
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2469:
2448:
2439:
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2049:The Clothed Maja
2043:Christ Crucified
1997:
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1455:Virgin and Child
1449:
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1341:
1329:
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1301:Single religious
1278:
1271:
1264:
1255:
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1218:
1207:
1206:
1184:The Art Bulletin
1115:Clark, Kenneth.
1046:
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961:von Simson, 9–10
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59:, or in Flemish
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4312:1430s paintings
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3878:
3863:The Fall of Man
3843:
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3820:(by his studio)
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3699:
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3669:(by his studio)
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3617:Noli me tangere
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3401:The Five Senses
3347:The Fall of Man
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3199:
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3030:The Five Senses
3024:
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2918:
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2892:
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2804:
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2590:Sánchez Gallque
2588:
2559:Isaac and Jacob
2539:
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2467:
2446:
2435:
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2397:
2368:Saint Sebastian
2222:
2211:Witches' Flight
2079:The Drunk Mason
1993:
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1967:
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1898:Museo del Prado
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1210:External videos
1205:
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1151:Panofsky, Erwin
1136:Lane, Barbara.
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440:Mary of Austria
404:
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282:Thomas à Kempis
274:
243:The Virgin Mary
156:
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82:Museo del Prado
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36:Museo del Prado
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3884:The Entombment
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2139:The Naked Maja
2067:Los disparates
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1122:De Vos, Dirk.
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410:Mary Magdalene
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338:tableau vivant
273:
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259:Mary Magdalene
227:Lorne Campbell
225:Art historian
216:Pope Julius II
155:
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148:Erwin Panofsky
67:panel painting
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4362:Skulls in art
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3976:
3975:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3950:Self-Portrait
3946:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3773:
3769:
3766:(with Romano)
3764:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3725:Saint Barbara
3721:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3561:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3548:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3478:Durán Madonna
3474:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3137:Saint Rosalia
3133:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3100:Self-Portrait
3096:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3052:Werl Triptych
3048:
3047:
3041:
3037:
3034:(with Rubens)
3032:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2547:Jacob's Dream
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2224:El Greco
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2037:Los caprichos
2033:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1347:Durán Madonna
1344:
1338:(fragment, c.
1337:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1294:List of works
1290:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1208:
1196:
1192:
1191:Snyder, James
1189:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1177:0-7139-9818-0
1174:
1170:
1167:Rubin, Miri.
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:0-06-435000-2
1143:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1132:0-8109-6390-6
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1096:1-904449-24-7
1093:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1011:
1005:
998:
996:
989:
983:von Simson, 9
980:
973:
967:
958:
949:
935:on 2011-10-03
931:
924:
918:
912:
911:84-87317-53-7
908:
904:
899:
892:
887:
880:
874:
867:
861:
854:
848:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
821:
812:
806:De Vos, 14–16
803:
796:
790:
783:
781:
776:, Euphorion:
775:
773:
767:
762:
754:
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
702:
696:
694:
692:
690:
680:
671:
662:
655:
649:
640:
631:
622:
618:
604:
601:
600:
594:
592:
588:
583:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
561:
559:
555:
551:
550:Cornelis Cort
547:
543:
535:
530:
521:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
483:
478:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
408:
399:
395:
393:
392:
387:
383:
377:
375:
371:
367:
358:
352:Head of Jesus
350:
346:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
308:
307:Robert Campin
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
269:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:Mary Cleophas
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182:, perhaps by
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
151:
149:
145:
140:
137:
131:
126:
122:
119:
115:
110:
109:Robert Campin
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:, now in the
72:
68:
64:
63:
62:Kruisafneming
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
45:
37:
27:
23:
19:
4251:
4244:
4187:
4182:
4174:
4169:
4161:
4152:
4147:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4122:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4073:
4062:
4057:
4049:
4044:
4036:
4031:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3995:
3987:
3981:
3978:(1550, 1555)
3972:
3963:
3957:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3823:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3797:
3789:
3784:
3776:
3771:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3731:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3701:Parmigianino
3700:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3663:
3658:
3647:
3642:
3634:
3629:
3621:
3615:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3585:
3577:
3572:
3564:
3559:
3551:
3546:
3538:
3533:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3508:
3502:Annunciation
3500:
3496:Fra Angelico
3495:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3457:
3452:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3410:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3306:
3301:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3264:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3167:
3162:
3154:
3150:van Hemessen
3149:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3106:
3098:
3094:Adam and Eve
3092:
3087:
3079:
3074:
3063:
3058:
3050:
3044:
3039:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2981:
2973:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2919:
2911:
2906:
2898:
2893:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2637:Mars Resting
2635:
2629:
2615:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2468:(1675, 1677)
2462:
2456:
2450:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2390:
2384:
2380:Holy Trinity
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2278:Holy Trinity
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2248:Annunciation
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2115:La novillada
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2055:The Colossus
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1973:
1968:
1852:
1849:(after 1450)
1844:
1836:
1818:
1799:
1776:
1753:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1477:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1358:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1246:
1238:
1232:Khan Academy
1228:Smarthistory
1222:
1194:
1182:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1137:
1123:
1116:
1101:
1087:
1073:
1059:
1039:. Retrieved
1036:The Guardian
1035:
1025:
1014:. Retrieved
1004:
993:
988:
979:
971:
966:
957:
948:
937:. Retrieved
930:the original
917:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
873:
865:
860:
847:
820:
811:
802:
794:
789:
777:
769:
765:
753:
744:
735:
726:
717:
708:
700:
679:
670:
661:
653:
648:
639:
630:
621:
590:
587:Google Earth
584:
573:, Professor
570:
564:
562:
557:
553:
539:
520:, New York.
512:
496:
486:
462:
456:
442:, sister of
431:
427:
413:
396:
390:
378:
363:
327:
322:
319:
302:
285:
275:
263:
247:Jesus Christ
224:
219:
211:
207:
201:
188:Vita Christi
179:
157:
141:
123:of archers (
98:
61:
60:
55:
54:
49:
48:
43:
42:
41:
25:
18:
4357:Altarpieces
3156:The Surgeon
2610:Las Meninas
2392:Virgin Mary
2386:The Saviour
2193:Two Old Men
2145:The Parasol
2127:Men Reading
2103:La Leocadia
1804:(1447–1448)
1402:late 1430s)
1162:Art History
748:Powell, 544
721:Snyder, 118
532:Version by
370:Lamentation
266:Dirk de Vos
239:Mary Salome
160:evangelists
154:Description
104: 1435
78: 1435
32: 1435
4306:Categories
4228:Sculptures
3798:Tintoretto
3756:Visitation
3573:Caravaggio
3560:Botticelli
3509:Anguissola
2553:Democritus
2362:Saint Paul
1812:Embroidery
1793:Miniatures
1762:1445–1450)
1747:Polyptychs
1691:1442–1445)
1632:1464–1465)
1620:1452–1470)
1590:1460–1464)
1542:1445–1450)
1530:1440–1445)
1486:1460–1464)
1474:1460–1463)
1438:1450–1465)
1419:Visitation
1390:1435–1440)
1378:1435–1438)
1366:1435–1438)
1354:1435–1438)
1342:1435–1438)
1330:1430–1432)
1318:1430–1432)
1223:Deposition
1041:2009-09-02
1016:2011-01-17
939:2010-08-23
824:De Vos, 15
815:De Vos, 22
712:De Vos, 21
674:Rubin, 362
609:References
575:Susie Nash
558:Deposition
544:publisher
428:Deposition
402:Provenance
374:Entombment
366:Deposition
323:Deposition
125:Schutterij
4372:Nicodemus
4129:Parnassus
4032:Anonymous
3890:La Gloria
3665:Mona Lisa
3611:Correggio
3453:Verhaecht
3289:Rembrandt
3266:Landscape
3227:de Momper
3059:de Crayer
3021:Landscape
2894:Anonymous
2812:Agnus Dei
2603:Velázquez
2260:The Fable
1951:Paintings
1910:Buildings
1841:(c. 1450)
1652:Triptychs
1503:Portraits
739:Clark, 45
634:Clark, 47
625:Clark, 52
614:Citations
524:Influence
489:Civil War
480:Tears of
459:Philip II
424:spandrels
342:Magdalene
251:Nicodemus
94:Nicodemus
4291:Category
4086:The Ford
3996:Veronese
3932:Sisyphus
3762:La Perla
3688:Mantegna
3659:Leonardo
3586:Carracci
3540:Nativity
3176:Jordaens
3107:van Dyck
2884:Flemish,
2806:Zurbarán
2528:Pradilla
1969:Esquivel
1830:Workshop
1605:Diptychs
864:Snyder,
761:distenta
597:See also
501:Valencia
467:El Pardo
391:Guernica
372:and the
114:crossbow
73:created
38:, Madrid
4186::
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4077::
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2415::
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2227::
2073:The Dog
2013:Atropos
2007:Asmodea
1998::
1985::
1982:Gisbert
1972::
1961:Spanish
1052:Sources
577:of the
554:Descent
542:Antwerp
513:Descent
463:Descent
386:Picasso
384:or the
382:Matisse
334:tracery
220:spasimo
212:spasimo
208:Descent
176:Passion
65:) is a
4158:(1723)
4068:(1743)
4045:Baudry
4024:French
3969:(1554)
3954:(1567)
3938:Tityus
3879:(1565)
3845:Titian
3772:Romano
3653:(1633)
3447:(1651)
3383:Saturn
3312:(1638)
3302:Rubens
3239:A Farm
3069:(1625)
3040:Campin
2886:German
2882:Dutch,
2571:Tityos
2541:Ribera
2447:(1650)
2181:Summer
1857:(1460)
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909:
652:Lane,
509:Geneva
452:Binche
430:, the
420:Leuven
330:relief
118:Leuven
4199:Other
4183:Vouet
3675:Lotto
3214:Mengs
3088:Dürer
3075:David
2969:Bouts
2920:Bosch
2565:Ixion
2412:Maíno
1785:1450)
1770:Civic
1739:1455)
1727:1452)
1715:1450)
1703:1448)
1679:1440)
1667:1434)
1644:1460)
1578:1460)
1566:1460)
1554:1460)
1518:1435)
1462:1460)
1450:1455)
1426:1445)
1414:1441)
1407:Pietà
1303:works
974:, 550
933:(PDF)
926:(PDF)
881:, 552
868:, 118
797:, 545
487:When
416:Guild
121:guild
53:, or
4238:Rome
4148:Ranc
3411:Stom
2399:Luna
1995:Goya
1173:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1128:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1064:ISBN
907:ISBN
656:, 89
172:John
99:The
92:and
47:(or
1781:(c.
1758:(c.
1735:(c.
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1711:(c.
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507:in
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