2651:
31:
214:; Méliès's granddaughter, Madeleine Malthête-Méliès, indicated that starch was poured down the model to simulate lava, and that pieces of paper and unseasoned wood were burned to create smoke; and the Méliès expert John Frazer suggested that the model was made of cardboard and paper and that "the eruption created by a combination of flashing lights, powdered chalk, and cinders."
256:
catalogue), used four stagehands to create the eruption effect: one burning sulfur behind the model mountain, another pouring down smoke from a ladder off screen, a third on another ladder throwing down handfuls of sawdust to represent cinders, and a fourth agitating the miniature sea and raising the
292:
to recreate the eruption using a studio model. A dozen clips of Smith's real-life footage, and all three of Porter's films simulating different stages of the eruption, were sold by the Edison
Company in July 1902; the catalogue encouraged exhibitors to combine the real and faked films to "make a
184:
popular in the 19th century, which offered simulated views of places and events that would otherwise be inaccessible to spectators. Méliès's table-top miniature models recreate the eruption in a "storybook illustration" style highly indebted to
152:
Mount Pelée looms over the town of Saint-Pierre. Fire and smoke rises from the crater; then lava begins pouring down the sides of the mountain. The village is soon engulfed in smoke and flames.
225:. Méliès said simply: "By photographing cinders and chalk." Apollinaire remarked to a friend who was with them: "Monsieur and I have the same occupation, we enchant ordinary materials."
297:, the crew that created the Edison version found their own unique way to simulate the eruption: they exposed a barrel of beer to direct sunlight and waited for it to explode.
1466:
311:
was sometimes misidentified as Méliès's film, but it was in fact Zecca's version. Méliès's film was finally recovered in 2007, when a copy was found and restored by the
192:
Academic opinion is divided on the exact method Méliès used to create the eruption. The Méliès descendant and film scholar
Jacques Malthête hypothesized that a type of
585:
696:
1712:
210:); film historians René Jeanne and Charles Ford nominated a flammable combination of cloth, colored water, cinders, and a kind of powdered chalk called
2697:
1954:
2102:
995:
555:
Essai de reconstitution du catalogue français de la Star-Film; suivi d'une analyse catalographique des films de
Georges Méliès recensés en France
2707:
1417:
690:
170:
161:
667:
2643:
284:
The Edison
Company had sent the photographer J. Blair Smith to Martinique to film the aftermath of the accident; meanwhile, the filmmaker
2442:
2702:
2687:
2414:
2116:
784:
2587:
2267:
1051:
770:
2717:
865:
344:
1213:
136:. The film is a short reconstruction, using miniature models, of a recent historical event: the eruption on 8 May 1902 of
2552:
2344:
1638:
2727:
2692:
2460:
2204:
1947:
2722:
2712:
2158:
1986:
1926:
1810:
660:
381:
248:, produced their own miniature-model reconstructions of the Pelée eruption. Zecca's version, produced in May 1902 as
2288:
1898:
1775:
1768:
1754:
1680:
1645:
1311:
1139:
928:
2682:
2636:
2538:
2393:
1905:
1761:
1719:
1297:
30:
2573:
2095:
2088:
1919:
1206:
812:
562:
532:
308:
2407:
2253:
1673:
1631:
1568:
1325:
1146:
798:
2655:
2595:
2513:
2488:
2428:
2309:
1666:
1498:
1438:
1392:
1283:
1016:
653:
269:
176:
2506:
2232:
2197:
2056:
1803:
1561:
1473:
1346:
1276:
1248:
1192:
1125:
1083:
1076:
1069:
2610:
2351:
2302:
2274:
2123:
2028:
1891:
1617:
1603:
1589:
1533:
1318:
1044:
1023:
956:
900:
886:
557:, Bois d'Arcy: Service des archives du film du Centre national de la cinématographie, 1981, p. 6,
497:
472:
447:
265:
in its style, creating an effect markedly different from Méliès's deliberately
Romanticized portrayal.
206:
2372:
2316:
2176:
1912:
1747:
1610:
1519:
1452:
1339:
1304:
1030:
935:
914:
858:
749:
2531:
2337:
2211:
1979:
1856:
1782:
1733:
1659:
1364:
1185:
1160:
1111:
1002:
921:
626:
141:
2545:
2365:
2260:
2225:
2190:
2151:
1972:
1817:
1796:
1705:
1582:
1227:
844:
756:
2400:
2358:
2323:
1884:
1877:
1740:
1624:
1554:
1505:
1445:
1385:
1332:
1153:
1097:
1090:
1037:
907:
312:
522:
2330:
2239:
2049:
2042:
2007:
1993:
1824:
1596:
1480:
1255:
1199:
1167:
1132:
1118:
728:
218:
211:
586:"La Filmoteca de Catalunya rescata quatre pel·lícules de Méliès que es donaven per perdudes"
2579:
2435:
2144:
2035:
1933:
1687:
1234:
1009:
735:
721:
634:
168:
was his third-to-last work in the genre. It was followed by two others also made in 1902:
8:
2677:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2379:
2295:
2021:
1838:
1789:
1726:
1652:
1378:
1269:
1262:
963:
893:
879:
676:
133:
44:
2621:
2246:
2218:
2109:
1870:
1547:
1540:
1526:
1512:
1459:
1424:
1290:
1104:
988:
970:
805:
791:
777:
289:
2386:
240:
and is numbered 397 in its catalogues. Two other filmmakers contemporary with Méliès,
2615:
2281:
2183:
2074:
2000:
1241:
942:
851:
621:
568:
558:
528:
377:
340:
253:
237:
197:
67:
2130:
1220:
949:
763:
262:
2421:
2137:
1431:
285:
241:
2081:
2014:
1940:
1575:
742:
258:
201:
137:
129:
The
Terrible Eruption of Mount Pelée and Destruction of St. Pierre, Martinique
2671:
1863:
245:
572:
524:
Before the
Nickelodeon: Edwin S. Porter and the Edison Manufacturing Company
1831:
872:
819:
294:
2603:
837:
186:
615:
1371:
402:
304:
403:"Un feu d'artifice improvisé? Les effets pyrotechniques chez Méliès"
473:"Mt. Pelee in Eruption and Destruction of St. Pierre (Martinique)"
200:
was used (as Méliès did four years later to create an eruption of
645:
640:
590:
431:
Rosen, Miriam (1987), "Méliès, Georges", in
Wakeman, John (ed.),
181:
278:
Mt. Pelee in
Eruption and Destruction of St. Pierre (Martinique)
293:
complete show in themselves." According to the film historian
193:
448:"Mt. Pelee Smoking Before Eruption (St. Pierre, Martinique)"
339:(in French), Paris: Éditions de La Martinière, p. 344,
217:
According to the film historian Pierre
Lephrohon, the poet
274:
Mt. Pelee Smoking Before Eruption (St. Pierre, Martinique)
527:, Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 208,
374:
Artificially Arranged Scenes: The Films of Georges Méliès
160:
The film is one of the most frequently cited examples of
1467:
Gulliver's Travels Among the Lilliputians and the Giants
257:
water level to suggest a tidal wave. The film historian
1713:
A Wager Between Two Magicians, or Jealous of Myself
1955:The Inventor Crazybrains and His Wonderful Airship
2103:The Eclipse, or the Courtship of the Sun and Moon
435:, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, p. 755
132:, is a 1902 French short silent film directed by
2669:
376:, Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., pp. 93–95,
307:for many years; a film in the collection of the
180:. Stylistically, the film is reminiscent of the
334:
661:
228:
335:Malthête, Jacques; Mannoni, Laurent (2008),
2443:Tribulation or the Misfortunes of a Cobbler
2415:The Good Shepherdess and the Evil Princess
996:Divers at Work on the Wreck of the "Maine"
668:
654:
29:
2698:Documentary films about historical events
785:Conjurer Making Ten Hats in Sixty Seconds
433:World Film Directors: Volume I, 1890–1945
400:
367:
365:
363:
361:
359:
357:
355:
164:staged re-enactments of current events.
1418:The Catastrophe of the Balloon "Le Pax"
495:
470:
445:
330:
328:
171:The Catastrophe of the Balloon "Le Pax"
2670:
771:Arrival of a Train (Joinville Station)
520:
371:
221:once asked Méliès himself how he made
649:
430:
396:
394:
392:
352:
272:version was released in three parts:
547:
498:"Burning of St. Pierre (Martinique)"
424:
325:
261:notes that Zecca's version aims for
2553:The Voyage of the Bourrichon Family
2117:Shakespeare Writing "Julius Caesar"
407:Mille Huit Cent Quatre-vingt-quinze
282:Burning of St. Pierre (Martinique).
162:Méliès's "reconstructed newsreels,"
120:, released in the United States as
117:Éruption volcanique à la Martinique
13:
2268:Mishaps of the New York–Paris Race
2205:Long Distance Wireless Photography
675:
389:
16:1902 French film by Georges Méliès
14:
2739:
2703:Documentary films about disasters
2688:Black-and-white documentary films
1987:The Tramp and the Mattress Makers
609:
174:and the most complex one of all,
2708:Films directed by Georges Méliès
2650:
2649:
2289:The Mischances of a Photographer
1899:The Palace of the Arabian Nights
1776:Tchin-Chao, the Chinese Conjurer
1755:The Imperceptible Transmutations
1681:The Terrible Turkish Executioner
1646:Alcofrisbas, the Master Magician
1312:What Is Home Without the Boarder
929:The Laboratory of Mephistopheles
2539:Cinderella or the Glass Slipper
1948:The Scheming Gambler's Paradise
1762:A Miracle Under the Inquisition
1720:Every Man His Own Cigar Lighter
1298:Going to Bed Under Difficulties
1052:The Temptation of Saint Anthony
594:(in Catalan), 27 September 2007
578:
496:Bennett, Carl (14 March 2008),
471:Bennett, Carl (14 March 2008),
446:Bennett, Carl (14 March 2008),
288:stayed at the Edison studio in
2096:Tunnelling the English Channel
1920:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
1207:The Misfortunes of an Explorer
514:
489:
464:
439:
140:, which destroyed the town of
1:
2408:Pharmaceutical Hallucinations
1632:Bob Kick, the Mischievous Kid
1569:A Spiritualistic Photographer
1326:The Brahmin and the Butterfly
318:
155:
2718:French black-and-white films
2596:The Invention of Hugo Cabret
2514:The Diabolical Church Window
2489:The Spider and the Butterfly
2310:French Cops Learning English
1499:Misfortune Never Comes Alone
1439:The Coronation of Edward VII
1393:The Man with the Rubber Head
1284:Fat and Lean Wrestling Match
270:Edison Manufacturing Company
250:Catastrophe de la Martinique
177:The Coronation of Edward VII
7:
2588:Around the World in 80 Days
2233:The New Lord of the Village
2198:The Dream of an Opium Fiend
2089:How Bridget's Lover Escaped
2057:Robert Macaire and Bertrand
1804:The Providence of the Waves
1411:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
1277:Coppelia, the Animated Doll
1249:The Artist and the Mannikin
1193:The Miracles of the Brahmin
1126:Christ Walking on the Water
1070:A Dinner Under Difficulties
636:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
628:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
617:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
301:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
234:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
223:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
166:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
123:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
24:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
10:
2744:
2352:The Old Footlight Favorite
2275:The Woes of Roller Skaters
2159:The Good Luck of a "Souse"
2124:Sightseeing Through Whisky
2029:The Merry Frolics of Satan
1892:The Venetian Looking-Glass
1618:Ten Ladies in One Umbrella
1590:The Kingdom of the Fairies
1534:The Inn Where No Man Rests
1319:China Versus Allied Powers
1045:The Four Troublesome Heads
1024:Adventures of William Tell
901:The Surrender of Tournavos
887:The School for Sons-in-law
799:Miss de Vère (English Jig)
401:Malthête, Jacques (2003),
337:L'oeuvre de Georges Méliès
229:Release and other versions
207:The Merry Frolics of Satan
147:
2728:Rediscovered French films
2693:French silent short films
2631:
2574:Georges Méliès in culture
2566:
2523:
2498:
2452:
2373:Incident from Don Quixote
2317:Fun With the Bridal Party
2177:Humanity Through the Ages
2168:
2066:
1964:
1913:The Enchanted Sedan Chair
1848:
1697:
1667:The Ballet-Master's Dream
1490:
1402:
1356:
1340:Dislocation Extraordinary
1305:The Doctor and the Monkey
1177:
1061:
980:
936:The Barber and the Farmer
915:Gugusse and the Automaton
859:An Hallucinated Alchemist
829:
713:
706:
697:Reconstructed actualities
683:
236:was released by Méliès's
105:
97:
74:
58:
50:
40:
28:
23:
2723:French documentary films
2713:1900s rediscovered films
2532:The Conquest of the Pole
2507:Baron Munchausen's Dream
2394:Fortune Favors the Brave
2212:The Prophetess of Thebes
1857:The Living Playing Cards
1783:The Wonderful Living Fan
1734:The Fugitive Apparitions
1186:Addition and Subtraction
1112:The Clown and Automobile
1084:The Bridegroom's Dilemma
1077:Robbing Cleopatra's Tomb
922:Between Calais and Dover
521:Musser, Charles (1991),
142:Saint-Pierre, Martinique
2546:The Knight of the Snows
2303:A Tricky Painter's Fate
2261:A Love Tragedy in Spain
2226:A Fake Diamond Swindler
2191:Why That Actor Was Late
2152:The Knight of Black Art
1973:A Mix-up in the Gallery
1818:The Wonderful Rose-Tree
1639:Extraordinary Illusions
845:Comedian Paulus Singing
757:The Rescue on the River
2683:1902 documentary films
2359:Honeymoon in a Balloon
1885:A Mesmerian Experiment
1878:The Lilliputian Minuet
1748:The Clockmaker's Dream
1741:The Untamable Whiskers
1674:The Damnation of Faust
1625:Jack Jaggs and Dum Dum
1611:Jupiter's Thunderbolts
1520:The Queen's Musketeers
1506:The Infernal Cake Walk
1446:The Treasures of Satan
1333:The Triple-Headed Lady
1214:Paris Exposition, 1900
1098:The Devil in a Convent
1091:An Up-to-Date Conjuror
1038:The Cave of the Demons
1031:The Astronomer's Dream
908:Sea Fighting in Greece
313:Filmoteca de Catalunya
309:Cinémathèque Française
2611:Théâtre Robert-Houdin
2338:A Grandmother's Story
2331:Buncoed Stage Johnnie
2043:The Mysterious Retort
1994:The Hilarious Posters
1927:The Mysterious Island
1825:The Impossible Voyage
1811:The Barber of Seville
1597:The Infernal Cauldron
1481:The Marvellous Wreath
1365:The Magician's Cavern
1256:Thanking the Audience
1168:The Mysterious Knight
1133:Summoning the Spirits
1119:A Mysterious Portrait
1017:Pygmalion and Galatea
372:Frazer, John (1979),
219:Guillaume Apollinaire
35:A frame from the film
2591:(1956 film prologue)
2436:The Frozen Policeman
2366:The Duke's Good Joke
2145:Delirium in a Studio
2036:A Seaside Flirtation
1934:Unexpected Fireworks
1769:Faust and Marguerite
1688:A Moonlight Serenade
1562:The Oracle of Delphi
1010:The Famous Box Trick
736:Watering the Flowers
2482:King of the Mediums
2475:Whimsical Illusions
2468:The Diabolic Tenant
2461:The Doctor's Secret
2401:Hypnotist's Revenge
2380:The Fairy Dragonfly
2296:The Indian Sorcerer
1906:The Tower of London
1839:The Christmas Angel
1790:The Cook in Trouble
1727:The Bewitched Trunk
1555:The Witch's Revenge
1379:The Sacred Fountain
1270:Crying and Laughing
1263:The Christmas Dream
964:A Hypnotist at Work
894:The Last Cartridges
880:D. Devant, Conjurer
252:(number 544 in the
2583:(1952 documentary)
2247:Sideshow Wrestlers
2219:In the Barber Shop
1871:The Crystal Casket
1548:The Mystical Flame
1541:The Drawing Lesson
1527:The Enchanted Well
1513:The Mysterious Box
1460:Up-to-Date Surgery
1425:A Trip to the Moon
1291:A Fantastical Meal
1200:The Cook's Revenge
1140:The Dreyfus Affair
1105:The Pillar of Fire
989:A Novice at X-Rays
971:Dancing in a Harem
866:The Haunted Castle
813:The Haunted Castle
806:The Vanishing Lady
792:A Serpentine Dance
778:A Lightning Sketch
290:Orange, New Jersey
126:and in Britain as
2665:
2664:
2562:
2561:
2282:Love and Molasses
2254:The Broken Violin
2184:The Genii of Fire
2001:A Desperate Crime
1980:The Chimney Sweep
1660:The Magic Lantern
1242:The Two Blind Men
1235:The Rajah's Dream
1147:The Human Pyramid
943:The Bewitched Inn
852:A Funny Mahometan
346:978-2-7324-3732-3
238:Star Film Company
113:
112:
68:Star Film Company
2735:
2653:
2652:
2345:The Helping Hand
2131:Good Glue Sticks
1221:The One-Man Band
950:A Private Dinner
764:A Terrible Night
711:
710:
670:
663:
656:
647:
646:
603:
602:
601:
599:
582:
576:
575:
551:
545:
544:
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541:
518:
512:
511:
510:
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493:
487:
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483:
468:
462:
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437:
436:
428:
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398:
387:
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369:
350:
349:
332:
263:academic realism
90:
88:
33:
21:
20:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2627:
2580:Le Grand Méliès
2558:
2519:
2494:
2448:
2422:The Living Doll
2387:Moitié de polka
2164:
2138:Satan in Prison
2062:
1960:
1844:
1693:
1486:
1474:Robinson Crusoe
1432:The Shadow-Girl
1398:
1352:
1347:Red Riding Hood
1173:
1057:
976:
825:
702:
679:
674:
612:
607:
606:
597:
595:
584:
583:
579:
565:
553:
552:
548:
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519:
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444:
440:
429:
425:
416:
414:
399:
390:
384:
370:
353:
347:
333:
326:
321:
286:Edwin S. Porter
242:Ferdinand Zecca
231:
212:Blanc d'Espagne
158:
150:
93:
86:
84:
77:
70:
63:
61:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2741:
2731:
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2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2616:Jehanne d'Alcy
2613:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2584:
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2570:
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2560:
2559:
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2527:
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2517:
2510:
2502:
2500:
2496:
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2493:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2082:Under the Seas
2078:
2075:Rogues' Tricks
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2015:A Roadside Inn
2011:
2008:Punch and Judy
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
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1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1604:The Apparition
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1576:The Melomaniac
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
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1421:
1414:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1360:
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750:Post No Bills
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409:(in French),
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383:0-8161-8368-6
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303:was presumed
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246:Thomas Edison
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196:known as the
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32:
27:
22:
19:
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2644:Bibliography
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2115:
2108:
2101:
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2087:
2080:
2073:
2055:
2048:
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2034:
2027:
2022:Soap Bubbles
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1837:
1832:The Firefall
1830:
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1809:
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1795:
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1767:
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1753:
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1739:
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1686:
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1672:
1665:
1658:
1653:Jack and Jim
1651:
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1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1166:
1161:The Snow Man
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1003:The Magician
1001:
994:
987:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
899:
892:
885:
878:
873:On the Roofs
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
820:Tom Old Boot
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
635:
630:at SilentEra
627:
616:
596:, retrieved
589:
580:
554:
549:
538:, retrieved
523:
516:
505:, retrieved
501:
491:
480:, retrieved
476:
466:
455:, retrieved
451:
441:
432:
426:
415:, retrieved
410:
406:
373:
336:
300:
299:
295:Lewis Jacobs
281:
277:
273:
267:
254:Pathé Frères
249:
233:
232:
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191:
175:
169:
165:
159:
151:
128:
127:
122:
121:
116:
115:
114:
76:Release date
18:
2637:Filmography
2607:(2011 film)
2599:(2007 book)
1941:Rip's Dream
1797:The Mermaid
1706:Tit for Tat
1583:The Monster
1228:Joan of Arc
838:A Nightmare
699:(1897–1902)
693:(1896–1900)
691:Actualities
684:Actualities
187:Romanticism
138:Mount Pelée
51:Produced by
41:Directed by
2678:1902 films
2672:Categories
2324:Not Guilty
1386:Blue Beard
1372:Excelsior!
1154:Cinderella
598:5 December
564:2903053073
540:5 December
534:0520060806
507:5 December
502:Silent Era
482:5 December
477:Silent Era
457:5 December
452:Silent Era
417:5 December
319:References
156:Production
60:Production
2624:(brother)
2240:The Miser
2050:The Witch
729:Conjuring
2656:Category
573:10506429
182:dioramas
106:Language
2567:Related
641:YouTube
591:Vilaweb
413:: 61–72
148:Summary
98:Country
85: (
62:company
2618:(wife)
2110:Hamlet
571:
561:
531:
380:
343:
280:, and
109:Silent
101:France
707:Films
194:flare
2604:Hugo
2524:1912
2499:1911
2453:1909
2169:1908
2067:1907
1965:1906
1849:1905
1698:1904
1491:1903
1403:1902
1357:1901
1178:1900
1062:1899
981:1898
830:1897
714:1896
622:IMDb
600:2014
569:OCLC
559:ISBN
542:2014
529:ISBN
509:2014
484:2014
459:2014
419:2014
378:ISBN
341:ISBN
305:lost
268:The
244:and
87:1902
83:1902
639:on
620:at
204:in
2674::
588:,
567:,
500:,
475:,
450:,
411:39
405:,
391:^
354:^
327:^
315:.
276:,
189:.
144:.
669:e
662:t
655:v
89:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
