742:, "after the war, when Japanese Naval loss records were examined by U. S. Naval Intelligence experts, it was learned that these claims were inaccurate and exaggerated". Contemporary historians of President John F. Kennedy, William Doyle, and Fredrik Logevall noted that one of the primary problems of the PT boats were the accuracy and relatively slow speed of their Mark 8 torpedoes. Added to the problem of inaccuracy at reaching target, as many as 50% failed to explode on contact with enemy ships due to faulty calibration by the Navy in the early years of the war.
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crews, the small, inexpensive wood-hulled boats having proved their worth in combat. While waiting for the plane, Rusty runs into Ohio. Neither knows what happened to Sandy, trapped behind on Bataan. Each helps the other to hope she escaped to the hills rather than meet her likely dark fate. When the ensigns finally arrive late, Rusty bolts for the aircraft's exit, but is brought to heel by
Brickley, who reminds him his duty comes first. Ohio is forced to give up his seat on the plane and is left behind to face certain death or capture.
680:, Ford, a notoriously tough taskmaster who had received a commission as a commander in the U.S. Navy Reserve in his late 40s during WWII, was especially hard on Wayne, who had a 3-A — family deferment — draft rating. During production, Ford fell from scaffolding and broke his leg. He turned to Montgomery, who had actually commanded a PT boat, to temporarily take over for him as director. Montgomery did so well that within a few years he made the transition from actor to directing films.
736:
that PT Boats had "sunk two converted cruisers, an auxiliary aircraft carrier, a 10,000-ton tanker, a large freighter, a flock of barges and numerous sons of Nippon!" This statement is very similar to a claim made by the real
Commander Bulkeley himself during the war that "Our little half squadron sank one Jap cruiser, one plane tender, and one loaded transport, badly damaged another cruiser, set a tanker on fire and shot down four planes". According to William Doyle, the author of
1017:: "Bulkeley was a freshly minted national hero earning a Medal of Honor and fame in the book They Were Expendable. Bulkeley claimed his PTs had sunk a Japanese cruiser, a troopship, and a plane tender in the struggle for the Philippines, none of which was true. He was now touring the country promoting war bonds and touting the PT fleet as the Allies’ key to victory in the Pacific."
437:
The small PT flotilla successfully carries the commanders across spans of open ocean to their rendezvous. It then resumes its attacks against the
Japanese, who gradually whittle the squadron down until it is too small to function effectively. Crews without boats are sent to link up with the Army and
1026:
John Wayne's character of
Lieutenant (j.g.) "Rusty" Ryan was based on Commander Robert B. Kelly, USN, who became an instructor at the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis after the war. During November 1941 - early 1942, Kelly was executive officer of Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron 3 for Lieutenant John D.
735:
The movie likely exaggerated the actual effectiveness of the PT boats in the war, and in at least one instance loosely referenced
Commander Bulkeley's own exaggerated statements. Lt. Brickley, the character most closely based on the real Commander John Bulkeley, declares at one point in the movie
409:
Brick's attack sinks the cruiser. Rusty returns and the squadron is unleashed, achieving increasing success, though at the cost both of boats and men. Still, it is only a matter of time before the
Philippines fall. Sandy attends a dinner in her honor at the PT Base, reigniting the flame between her
445:
In a final assault that destroys another threatening cruiser, Rusty's boat is sunk, after which Brick's is turned over to the US Army, once again reduced to messenger duty. Brick, Ryan and two ensigns are ordered by Navy command to be airlifted out on the last plane, assigned stateside to train PT
374:
Japanese forces descend on the
Philippines and wreak havoc. Bypassed by local brass, Brick's squadron is kept out of combat and marginalized to menial mail and messenger duty. Frustration, particularly with Rusty, grows and threatens to boil over. Following a devastating attack on their base, the
865:
Including claims known by Cmdr. Buckeley to have been false when he made them, as well as those subsequently disproven or shown to have been highly exaggerated, again most notably by
Buckeley, in promoting the PT-boat as an effective naval weapon to both the Navy and potential PT flotilla
332:, depict certain combat-related events that were believed to have occurred during the war, alongside those which did not; nonetheless, the film is noted for its relatively accurate and detailed depiction of naval combat for the era in which it was made.
1027:
Bulkeley, USN. Later in the war Kelly would command USS Irwin (DD-794). Behind the Scenes of They Were
Expendable. A Pictorial History. Copyright 2015 Lou Sabini and Nick Scutti. McFarland & Company, Inc.: Jefferson, North Carolina. Page 34.
726:
Ford's onscreen directing credit reads, "Directed by John Ford, Captain U.S.N.R."; Frank Wead's onscreen credit reads: "Screenplay by Frank Wead Comdr. U.S.N., Ret"; Montgomery's onscreen credit reads: "Robert
Montgomery Comdr. U.S.N.R."
413:
The squadron is marooned on the Philippine Island of Corregidor in Manila Bay, just Southeast of the large Northern-most Philippine Island of Luzon after the Japanese onslaught against the doomed American defenders at the
442:) for repairs. As the boats leave in haste ahead of an imminent Japanese assault, Dad refuses to flee, bidding his poignant farewell with a rifle folded in his arms and a whisky jug tucked securely at his feet.
660:
MGM asked Ford to direct a film based on the book; Ford repeatedly refused due to his conflicting service in the Navy Field Photographic Unit. While he was serving in the Photographic Unit, Ford met Lieutenant
434:, where they will be flown South to Australia. Rusty manages to make a last phone call to Sandy, now on Bataan, to explain he has been ordered out, but before they can say goodbye the connection is cut off.
1115:
Mark VIII torpedoes failure to explode, and inaccuracy in Doyle, William, PT 109: An American Epic of War, Survival, and the Destiny of John F. Kennedy, (2015), New York, William Morrow Publisher, pg. 55-57
738:
696:
695:. This region of sandy islands and palm trees around 25° North latitude sufficiently approximated the Philippines between approximately 10° and 15° North where the film's action took place in the
305:
While a work of fiction, the book was based on actual events and people. The characters John Brickley (Montgomery) and Rusty Ryan (Wayne) are fictionalizations of PT-Boat Squadron Three Commander
38:
707:
PT boats, (hull numbers PT-98, 100, 101, 102), were used throughout filming, given hull numbers in use in late 1941 and early 1942 for the film. Additional U.S. aircraft from nearby
367:, is hot on getting into combat. He becomes disgusted at the admiral's close-minded dismissal and is writing his request for transfer to destroyer duty when news of the Japanese
2612:
394:, Rusty arrives there still hissing and spitting, only to reluctantly admit to the severity of his life-threatening condition. There he meets another patient, "Ohio" (
708:
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419:
355:
in the Philippines. He puts on a demonstration of their maneuverability and seakeeping capabilities for the senior area commander, Admiral Blackwell (
810:
a four-star rating, describing it as a "moving, exquisitely detailed production" that is "one of the finest (and most underrated) of all WW2 films."
379:
shelling U.S. troop emplacements ashore. After initially choosing Rusty to skipper the second boat on the sortie, Brick discovers that his exec has
2331:
1282:
1097:
Doyle, William, PT 109: An American Epic of War, Survival, and the Destiny of John F. Kennedy, (2015), New York, William Morrow Publisher, pg. 30
1150:
750:
The movie was popular, earning $ 3,109,000 domestically and $ 1,238,000 foreign, but because of its high cost, recorded a loss of $ 101,000.
65:
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418:. Corregidor stands as the last American stronghold against the advancing Japanese invaders. The PT Squadron are then assigned to
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with the remnants of the U.S. Army and Filipino guerrillas, as expendable in the fight as their PT boats had been before them.
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fight as infantry. After Rusty's boat is damaged, the last two PTs pull into a small shipyard run by crusty "Dad" Knowland (
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20:
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Logevall, Fredrik (2020). JFK: Coming of Age in the American Century, 1917–1956. New York: Random House, pg. 335
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406:), so attractive, kind, and wholesomely appealing Ohio cracks, "Eleven-thousand men can't be wrong" about her.
399:
1088:
MTB Squadron Four, War Diary, Month of March 1945, FC8-4/A12-1 Serial 12, Dated April 2, 1945, NARA Collection
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from a previous combat wound and orders him to sick bay, selecting another boat and crew to take his place.
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2176:
1984:
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359:), who remains unimpressed by their diminutive size and lightweight construction. Lt. J. G. "Rusty" Ryan (
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1936:
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At Close Quarters – PT Boats in the United States Navy by Captain Robert J. Bulkley, Jr., USNR (Retired)
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398:), who chides him to cool off and get in line. Once he does, Rusty begins a romance with strong-willed
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1013:"The Truth About JFK ad his PT Boat's Collision With a Japanese Destroyer in WWII",
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912:
Glancy, H. Mark (1992). "MGM film grosses, 1924-1948: The Eddie Mannix Ledger".
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were temporarily re-marked and used to simulate Japanese aircraft in the film.
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PT 109: An American Epic of War, Survival, and the Destiny of John F. Kennedy
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and later signed Bulkeley's D-Day executive officer Robert Montgomery.
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desperate admiral relents and orders them to attack a large Japanese
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of glory hogging and resisting evacuation to a military hospital on
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unit defending the Philippines against Japanese invasion during the
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For the rock group originally called They Were Expendable, see
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789:. It was also named in the "10 Best Films of 1945" list by
282:. The film is based on the 1942 novel of the same name by
703:
PT boats (hull numbers PT-139 and 141), and four 78-foot
656:
Following the acquisition of the film rights to White's
730:
344:) commands a squadron of agile but small and unproven
1126:"The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners"
827:– The fate of many captured by the Japanese on Bataan
683:
The film, which received extensive support from the
449:
The surviving enlisted men, led by Chief Mulcahey (
2613:Films about the United States Navy in World War II
563:as Lieutenant (J.G.) "Shorty" Long/Radio Announcer
2554:
1058:Univ. Press of Mississippi, p. 406, 11 Feb. 2011
946:Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television
914:Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television
1072:"They Were Expendable (1945) - Notes - TCM.com"
699:of World War II. Two actual U.S. Navy 80-foot
1307:
340:In December 1941, Lt. John "Brick" Brickley (
1038:""John Ford's Navy": A Filmmaker in the OSS"
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1300:
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2618:World War II films based on actual events
1280:: A Critique of John Ford's 1945 War Film
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16:1945 film by John Ford, Robert Montgomery
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286:, relating the story of the exploits of
1175:. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press, 1996.
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944:Glancy, H. Mark (1992). "Appendix".
753:
731:Depiction of PT boats' effectiveness
474:John Brickley (as Robert Montgomery
453:), shoulder rifles and march off to
296:Battle of the Philippines (1941–42)
13:
2623:World War II films made in wartime
1165:
880:
846:Japanese invasion of Lingayen Gulf
600:Alex Havier as ST3c "Benny" Lecoco
21:The Expendables (New Zealand band)
14:
2644:
1187:
985:White, W. L. (October 26, 1942).
288:Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three
2588:Films scored by Herbert Stothart
2281:The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance
836:Philippines campaign (1944–1945)
42:Theatrical release insert poster
2497:Korea: Battleground for Liberty
2145:When Willie Comes Marching Home
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1109:
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420:evacuate the commanding general
251:$ 4,347,000 (worldwide rentals)
2573:American black-and-white films
2516:(1971) (produced and co-wrote)
1710:The Face on the Bar-Room Floor
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1005:
978:
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665:during the preparation of the
1:
2505:Chesty: A Tribute to a Legend
873:
651:
2598:Films set in the Philippines
2583:1940s English-language films
2420:The Adventures of Marco Polo
1985:The Prisoner of Shark Island
1266:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
802:, film critic and historian
745:
616:as General Douglas MacArthur
7:
2593:Films directed by John Ford
813:
628:Tim Murdock as Ensign Brant
591:as SC2c "Squarehead" Larsen
371:arrives by radio bulletin.
199:December 19, 1945
10:
2649:
2633:English-language war films
1558:The Outcasts of Poker Flat
831:Patrol torpedo boat PT-109
697:South West Pacific Theater
18:
2603:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
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2438:
2355:
2323:
1840:
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1042:warfarehistorynetwork.com
958:10.1080/01439689208604539
926:10.1080/01439689200260081
489:Lieutenant (junior grade)
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2137:She Wore a Yellow Ribbon
2001:The Plough and the Stars
1977:Steamboat Round the Bend
1961:The Whole Town's Talking
1582:A Gun Fightin' Gentleman
1285:August 10, 2007, at the
1056:Searching for John Ford;
852:
537:as Ensign "Andy" Andrews
2473:December 7th: The Movie
2339:The Colter Craven Story
2089:How Green Was My Valley
460:
455:continue the resistance
335:
2233:The Rising of the Moon
2057:Drums Along the Mohawk
1702:The Village Blacksmith
1598:The Prince of Avenue A
987:"They Were Expendable"
761:was nominated for the
569:as Ensign George Cross
369:attack on Pearl Harbor
2532:Directed by John Ford
2185:The Sun Shines Bright
2105:My Darling Clementine
2025:Four Men and a Prayer
1798:The Shamrock Handicap
1606:The Girl in Number 29
1486:The Fighting Brothers
1157:on December 24, 2013.
1076:Turner Classic Movies
800:Movie and Video Guide
674:Turner Classic Movies
658:They Were Expendable,
284:William Lindsay White
93:William Lindsay White
2465:The Battle of Midway
2289:How the West Was Won
2097:They Were Expendable
2073:The Long Voyage Home
1278:They Were Expendable
1260:They Were Expendable
1244:They Were Expendable
1233:They Were Expendable
1217:They Were Expendable
1200:They Were Expendable
1044:. February 16, 2021.
891:They Were Expendable
820:Battle of Corregidor
808:They Were Expendable
767:Best Sound Recording
575:as Ensign Tony Aiken
363:), Brick's immature
259:They Were Expendable
86:They Were Expendable
31:They Were Expendable
2225:The Wings of Eagles
2065:The Grapes of Wrath
1734:North of Hudson Bay
1542:Riders of Vengeance
785:were nominated for
771:A. Arnold Gillespie
386:After accusing his
313:recipient, and his
262:is a 1945 American
174:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
2578:American war films
2542:(2017 documentary)
2534:(1971 documentary)
2441:and training films
2332:Rookie of the Year
2257:The Horse Soldiers
2201:The Long Gray Line
1945:The World Moves On
1790:The Fighting Heart
1686:Little Miss Smiles
1414:The Phantom Riders
1249:TCM Movie Database
1171:Blank, Joan Gill.
896:TCM Movie Database
825:Bataan Death March
792:The New York Times
709:naval air stations
691:, Florida and the
622:as Elder Tompkins
604:Charles Trowbridge
357:Charles Trowbridge
290:, a United States
2628:Films set in 1941
2608:Pacific War films
2550:
2549:
2513:Vietnam! Vietnam!
2273:Two Rode Together
2265:Sergeant Rutledge
2049:Young Mr. Lincoln
2009:Wee Willie Winkie
1857:Men Without Women
1718:Three Jumps Ahead
1566:Ace of the Saddle
1470:Three Mounted Men
1382:Straight Shooting
1350:The Trail of Hate
972:"Empire Magazine"
841:Douglas MacArthur
754:Awards and honors
667:Normandy Invasion
640:as "Dad" Knowland
525:Marshall Thompson
509:Brigadier General
468:Robert Montgomery
428:Douglas MacArthur
365:executive officer
342:Robert Montgomery
315:executive officer
272:Robert Montgomery
255:
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111:Robert Montgomery
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2449:Torpedo Squadron
2177:What Price Glory
2033:Submarine Patrol
1993:Mary of Scotland
1654:Desperate Trails
1574:Rider of the Law
1494:A Fight for Love
1438:The Scarlet Drop
1406:Bucking Broadway
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783:Michael Steinore
663:John D. Bulkeley
632:Louis Jean Heydt
567:Cameron Mitchell
521:"Boats" Mulcahey
396:Louis Jean Heydt
307:John D. Bulkeley
278:, and featuring
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159:Herbert Stothart
137:Joseph H. August
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2249:The Last Hurrah
1937:The Lost Patrol
1849:The Black Watch
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1550:The Last Outlaw
1374:The Soul Herder
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1287:Wayback Machine
1238:Rotten Tomatoes
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759:Douglas Shearer
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717:Fort Lauderdale
685:Navy Department
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638:Russell Simpson
531:"Snake" Gardner
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424:Pacific Theatre
381:blood poisoning
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2212:(co-d, 1955)
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2129:3 Godfathers
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1969:The Informer
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1953:Judge Priest
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1873:Up the River
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1398:A Marked Man
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1358:The Scrapper
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1334:Silent films
1277:
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1172:
1155:the original
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
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997:November 22,
995:. Retrieved
990:
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966:
952:(S2): 1–20.
949:
945:
917:
913:
890:
861:
848:, Background
807:
799:
797:
790:
787:Best Effects
757:
749:
737:
734:
725:
693:Florida Keys
689:Key Biscayne
682:
671:
657:
655:
608:Rear Admiral
595:Jack Pennick
585:"Slug" Mahan
579:Murray Alper
551:Arthur Walsh
547:James Morton
535:Paul Langton
501:Sandy Davyss
491:"Rusty" Ryan
448:
444:
436:
412:
408:
385:
373:
339:
327:
321:
318:Robert Kelly
304:
300:World War II
266:directed by
258:
257:
256:
215:Running time
192:Release date
85:
76:(uncredited)
75:
25:
2457:Sex Hygiene
2356:Productions
2121:Fort Apache
1929:Doctor Bull
1841:Sound films
1726:Cameo Kirby
1462:The Craving
1342:The Tornado
1151:"Moviefone"
410:and Rusty.
270:, starring
243:$ 2,933,000
219:135 minutes
185:Loew's Inc.
99:Produced by
69: [
48:Directed by
2563:1945 films
2557:Categories
2481:Undercover
2324:Television
2161:Rio Grande
2041:Stagecoach
1921:Pilgrimage
1897:Arrowsmith
1830:Strong Boy
1646:The Wallop
1590:Marked Men
1510:Bare Fists
1422:Wild Women
1135:August 16,
1130:oscars.org
874:References
652:Production
495:Donna Reed
485:John Wayne
472:Lieutenant
404:Donna Reed
400:Army nurse
392:Corregidor
361:John Wayne
280:Donna Reed
276:John Wayne
248:Box office
203:1945-12-19
166:Production
119:Donna Reed
115:John Wayne
89:1942 book
66:Jan Lustig
62:Frank Wead
1822:Four Sons
1806:3 Bad Men
1782:Thank You
1766:Lightnin'
1670:Sure Fire
1622:Just Pals
1446:Hell Bent
1327:John Ford
866:recruits.
746:Reception
634:as "Ohio"
610:Blackwell
573:Jeff York
541:Leon Ames
515:Ward Bond
505:Jack Holt
451:Ward Bond
351:based at
346:U.S. Navy
268:John Ford
143:Edited by
127:Ward Bond
123:Jack Holt
102:John Ford
52:John Ford
2348:" (1962)
2341:" (1960)
2334:" (1955)
1905:Air Mail
1889:The Brat
1814:Upstream
1502:Rustlers
1283:Archived
1222:AllMovie
814:See also
806:awarded
769:, while
721:Key West
597:as "Doc"
479:U.S.N.R.
432:Mindanao
349:PT boats
264:war film
232:Language
155:Music by
107:Starring
82:Based on
2524:Related
2313:7 Women
2193:Mogambo
1518:Gun Law
1263:at the
1247:at the
894:at the
798:In his
705:Higgins
422:of the
377:cruiser
292:PT boat
235:English
224:Country
201: (
168:company
2508:(1970)
2500:(1959)
2492:(1951)
2484:(1943)
2476:(1943)
2468:(1942)
2460:(1942)
2452:(1942)
2431:(1965)
2423:(1938)
2415:(1932)
2407:(1929)
2404:Salute
2399:(1928)
2391:(1928)
2383:(1928)
2375:(1926)
2367:(1924)
2316:(1966)
2308:(1964)
2300:(1963)
2292:(1962)
2284:(1962)
2276:(1961)
2268:(1960)
2260:(1959)
2252:(1958)
2244:(1958)
2236:(1957)
2228:(1957)
2220:(1956)
2204:(1955)
2196:(1953)
2188:(1953)
2180:(1952)
2172:(1952)
2164:(1950)
2156:(1950)
2148:(1950)
2140:(1949)
2132:(1948)
2124:(1948)
2116:(1947)
2108:(1946)
2100:(1945)
2092:(1941)
2084:(1941)
2076:(1940)
2068:(1940)
2060:(1939)
2052:(1939)
2044:(1939)
2036:(1938)
2028:(1938)
2020:(1937)
2012:(1937)
2004:(1936)
1996:(1936)
1988:(1936)
1980:(1935)
1972:(1935)
1964:(1935)
1956:(1934)
1948:(1934)
1940:(1934)
1932:(1933)
1924:(1933)
1916:(1932)
1908:(1932)
1900:(1931)
1892:(1931)
1884:(1931)
1876:(1930)
1868:(1930)
1860:(1930)
1852:(1929)
1833:(1929)
1825:(1928)
1817:(1927)
1809:(1926)
1801:(1926)
1793:(1925)
1785:(1925)
1777:(1925)
1769:(1925)
1761:(1924)
1753:(1924)
1745:(1923)
1737:(1923)
1729:(1923)
1721:(1923)
1713:(1923)
1705:(1922)
1697:(1922)
1689:(1922)
1681:(1921)
1678:Jackie
1673:(1921)
1665:(1921)
1662:Action
1657:(1921)
1649:(1921)
1641:(1921)
1633:(1921)
1625:(1920)
1617:(1920)
1609:(1920)
1601:(1920)
1593:(1919)
1585:(1919)
1577:(1919)
1569:(1919)
1561:(1919)
1553:(1919)
1545:(1919)
1537:(1919)
1529:(1919)
1521:(1919)
1513:(1919)
1505:(1919)
1497:(1919)
1489:(1919)
1481:(1919)
1473:(1918)
1465:(1918)
1457:(1918)
1449:(1918)
1441:(1918)
1433:(1918)
1425:(1918)
1417:(1918)
1409:(1917)
1401:(1917)
1393:(1917)
1385:(1917)
1377:(1917)
1369:(1917)
1361:(1917)
1353:(1917)
1345:(1917)
1207:
1179:
624:MoMM2c
555:Seaman
529:Ensign
511:Martin
476:Comdr.
416:Bataan
353:Cavite
240:Budget
2412:Flesh
1913:Flesh
1478:Roped
1323:Films
853:Notes
763:Oscar
713:Miami
676:host
557:Jones
545:Major
73:]
1205:IMDb
1177:ISBN
1137:2011
999:2011
991:Life
781:and
765:for
719:and
701:Elco
583:TM1c
461:Cast
336:Plot
329:Life
326:and
309:, a
274:and
1325:by
1236:at
1220:at
1203:at
954:doi
922:doi
711:in
606:as
581:as
553:as
543:as
527:as
519:BMC
517:as
507:as
497:as
487:as
470:as
298:in
91:by
2559::
1128:.
1074:.
1063:^
1040:.
989:.
950:12
948:.
934:^
918:12
916:.
902:^
882:^
795:.
777:,
773:,
715:,
426:,
388:CO
302:.
71:de
2344:"
2337:"
2330:"
1315:e
1308:t
1301:v
1183:.
1139:.
1078:.
1001:.
974:.
960:.
956::
928:.
924::
481:)
205:)
23:.
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