89:
312:
Brown's campaign plan achieved temporary success, but ultimately failed due to tardy or insufficient support from local Tories and his Indian allies. His war career was later vilified, but Cashin's research found no historical evidence that he did anything beyond his duty according to the recognized
251:
confronted him at his house and demanded he pledge himself to the
Patriot cause. Brown requested the liberty to hold his own opinions, saying that he could "never enter into an Engagement to take up arms against the Country which gave him being", and finally met their demands with pistol and sword.
259:
The enraged Brown quickly recanted on his pledge and assumed leadership of backcountry
Georgia loyalists, developing a plan to support Augusta area Tories with Indian allies from the West and a landing of British soldiers from the East. He helped bring the plan about by living with the
371:. His status as a former colonizer entitled him to a grant of 6,000 acres in November 1804. Between 1805 and 1806, Brown moved over 600 enslaved people from the Bahamas to his Grand Sable Plantation. In 1815 Brown used slave labour to construct the 360 foot long
313:
rules of war. It is unlikely that he hanged thirteen prisoners at the Mackay House with savage relish, rather he imposed (or condoned) a widely approved penalty against parole breakers. Brown angrily denied that he ever encouraged
Indians to barbarous behaviour.
555:
264:
in 1776 and 1777, gaining their confidence, and establishing a network spreading from
Florida to the Carolinas. In 1779 he was appointed Superintendent of Creek and Cherokee Indians and continued his efforts to engage them in the conflict.
256:. Brown was then carted through a number of nearby settlements and forced to verbally pledge himself to the Patriot cause before being released. This mistreatment resulted in the loss of two toes and lifelong headaches.
336:
The
British government continued to provide compensation for dispossessed Tories. In recognition of his loyalism and wartime service, Brown was awarded with extensive tracts of land on the Caribbean islands of
932:
927:
277:, which over time developed into a uniformed and disciplined unit. Becoming a skilled commander himself, Brown was appointed the rank of provincial Lieutenant Colonel by Major General
252:
The crowd seized him and struck him with the butt of a musket, fracturing his skull. Taken prisoner, he was tied to a tree where he was roasted by fire and scalped before being
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392:
289:, and the Loyalist occupation of Augusta in 1780 and 1781, as well as minor backcountry clashes. In September 1780, Brown maintained a stout defence against
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372:
345:. Scattered over 8,000 acres and encompassing thirteen different plantations, Brown raised cattle and cotton through the forced labour of more than 600
524:
947:
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525:"Portraits of Southern Partisans: Likenesl;lkk;bjhbvlulygvgut fofytg bot ses of Thomas Brown and Elijah Clarke"
722:""A Judicious and Gallant Defense" The Second Siege at Augusta, Georgia (The Battles of Forts Grierson and Cornwallis) 22 May – 5 June 1781"
231:. Financed by ÂŁ3,000 of family capital, he established the community of Brownsborough and a 5,600 acre plantation northeast of present-day
309:
with his regular troops with the promise they would not re-enter war. Greene was afraid Brown would be killed by his troops in captivity.
360:. Brown led Abaco Loyalists in protesting lack of representation in the local Assembly, but the point became moot as the Abaco and later
346:
297:, holding the fortified Mackay House until arrival of a relief force. On June 5, 1781, he was compelled to yield Fort Cornwallis in the
282:
215:
on 27 May 1750 into a prosperous merchant family; his father Jonas owned a successful shipping company and claimed descent from
321:
In late 1782, Thomas Brown with several thousand Tory refugees from
Charleston and Savannah relocated to British territory at
663:
607:
556:"'Not that of mere accident, but of humane treatment': natural increase and 'amelioration' on Grand Sable Estate, St Vincent"
465:
446:
216:
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was ceded to Spain, and
British citizens had eighteen months to depart. Even here Brown struck a blow by encouraging his
118:
481:
Davis Jr, Robert. S. "A Georgia
Loyalist's Perspective on the American Revolution: The Letters of Dr. Thomas Taylor" In
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757:
427:
179:. Intending to become a quiet colonial landowner, he lived, instead, a turbulent and combative career. During the
191:. Following the overthrow of British rule and the Patriot victory in the Revolution, Brown was exiled first to
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188:
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Three
Peoples, One King: Loyalists, Indians, and Slaves in the American Revolutionary South, 1775-1782
368:
196:
94:
46:
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friends to cooperate with the new
Spanish authorities in controlling American westward expansion.
322:
253:
65:
488:
Olson, Gary D. “Thomas Brown, Partisan, and the Revolutionary War in Georgia, 1777-1782.” In
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to enable faster transport of sugar from the mills of Grand Sable Plantation to the wharf at
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912:
397:
220:
192:
831:"Tories Transplanted: The Caribbean Exile and Plantation Settlement of Southern Loyalists"
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The king's ranger : Thomas Brown and the American Revolution on the southern frontier
683:"Thomas Brown, Loyalist Partisan, and the Revolutionary War in Georgia, 1777-1782, Part I"
278:
8:
513:. Georgia State Archives . pp. MS #73-133, microfilm collection, Drawer 180, box 80.
325:. Fully expecting to settle permanently, the newcomers were shocked in 1783 by news that
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Brown resided on St. Vincent Island until his death at Grand Sable Plantation in 1825.
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The King's Ranger: Thomas Brown and the American Revolution on the Southern Frontier
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In 1802 Brown returned to Britain and began petitioning for a substitute grant on
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Liberty's Exiles - American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World
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Andrew Pickens: South Carolina Patriot in the Revolutionary War
212:
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Loyalists in the American Revolution from Georgia (U.S. state)
508:
928:
Loyalist military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
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Brown came to lead a mounted Loyalist company styled as the
396:," a novel written by former United States President and
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44, (Spring 1970): pp. 1–19; (Summer 1970): pp. 183–208.
478:, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2008
806:"Summary of Individual | Legacies of British Slavery"
316:
599:
Scars of independence : America's violent birth
752:. New York: Fordham University Press. p. 120.
219:. In 1774, aged 24, Thomas recruited colonists and
183:he played a key role for the Loyalist cause in the
415:
390:Thomas Brown appears as a prominent character in "
243:Brown soon found himself embroiled in the coming
904:
894:Statistics of the Colonies of the British Empire
782:"The Historical Unit - King's Carolina Rangers"
85:
460:. Jefferson NC: McFarland & Company, Inc.
729:Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution
455:
305:arranged to have him paroled and escorted to
281:in July 1779. His Rangers fought in Lt-Col.
235:, anticipating life as a gentleman planter.
16:English slave-owner and Loyalist (1750–1825)
923:Tarring and feathering in the United States
630:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
602:(1st ed.). New York. pp. 41–42.
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301:after a spirited and creative defence.
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285:'s 1778 invasion of Georgia, the 1779
948:Planters from the British West Indies
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509:Thomas Alexander Browne Collection.
217:Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu
168:(27 May 1750 – 3 August 1825) was a
13:
668:The American Revolution Experience
529:Journal of the American Revolution
456:Reynolds, Jr., William R. (2012).
317:Exile to Florida and the Caribbean
247:. On 2 August 1775 a crowd of 130
14:
959:
586:
542:
227:, and emigrated with them to the
835:The Georgia Historical Quarterly
687:The Georgia Historical Quarterly
490:The Georgia Historical Quarterly
485:, 81, (Spring 1997): pp. 118-138
483:The Georgia Historical Quarterly
87:
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829:Kozy, Charlene Johnson (1991).
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422:. University of Georgia Press.
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720:Rauch, Steven (August 2006).
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352:Brown's next destination was
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582:– via Cambridge Core.
364:lands proved unprofitable.
10:
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746:Cashin, Edward J. (1999).
414:Cashin, Edward J. (1989).
213:Whitby, Yorkshire, England
181:American Revolutionary War
140:American Revolutionary War
572:10.1017/S0268416018000073
275:King's (Carolina) Rangers
211:Thomas Brown was born in
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299:Second Battle of Augusta
152:Second Battle of Augusta
64:Grand Sable Plantation,
47:Kingdom of Great Britain
892:Martin, Robert (1839).
681:Olson, Gary D. (1970).
437:Jasanoff, Maya (2011).
295:First Battle of Augusta
293:surprise attack at the
189:King's Carolina Rangers
166:Thomas "Burnfoot" Brown
129:King's Carolina Rangers
596:Hoock, Holger (2017).
323:St. Augustine, Florida
896:. London. p. 52.
560:Continuity and Change
554:Smith, Simon (2018).
511:Brown Family Pedigree
107:Years of service
943:British slave owners
873:nationalparks.gov.vc
869:"Black Point Tunnel"
254:tarred and feathered
223:from Whitby and the
197:St. Vincent's Island
193:British East Florida
187:as a Lt. Col in the
229:Province of Georgia
221:indentured servants
185:Province of Georgia
177:American Revolution
938:People from Whitby
386:In popular culture
373:Black Point Tunnel
369:St. Vincent Island
283:Archibald Campbell
269:The King's Rangers
119:Lieutenant colonel
66:St. Vincent Island
609:978-0-8041-3728-7
467:978-0-7864-6694-8
448:978-1-4000-4168-8
393:The Hornet's Nest
287:Siege of Savannah
279:Augustine Prévost
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841:(1): 18–42.
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135:Battles/wars
59:(1825-08-03)
39:May 27, 1750
23:Thomas Brown
918:1825 deaths
913:1750 births
693:(1): 1–19.
566:: 117–144.
175:during the
907:Categories
878:2021-11-03
815:2021-11-03
791:2021-12-05
535:2021-12-05
408:References
400:governor,
245:revolution
239:Revolution
207:Early life
82:Allegiance
35:1750-05-27
847:0016-8297
699:0016-8297
626:cite book
618:953617831
580:150262789
441:. Knopf.
201:Caribbean
110:1776–1781
855:40582271
768:45731200
735:: 32–48.
707:40579039
307:Savannah
173:Loyalist
100:Loyalist
398:Georgia
358:Bahamas
356:in the
233:Augusta
199:in the
170:British
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262:Creeks
92:
43:Whitby
851:JSTOR
725:(PDF)
703:JSTOR
576:S2CID
497:Notes
377:Byrea
339:North
331:Creek
843:ISSN
764:OCLC
754:ISBN
695:ISSN
632:link
614:OCLC
604:ISBN
462:ISBN
443:ISBN
424:ISBN
341:and
125:Unit
115:Rank
54:Died
29:Born
568:doi
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