703:
negotiated. This would add 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the total system. Further north still, a major abandoned route in Aygill
Caverns, known as New Year Passage, heads up the Barbondale valley, and may connect with other known caves. To the south, explorations in Large Pot have extended the current system to within 500 metres (1,600 ft) of Kingsdale Beck. Marble Steps, a major active system with large fossil fragments, could well be connected to Rift Pot. Marble Steps, some of Large Pot, and Low Douk Cave are all known to drain to Keld Head – a connection by diving would integrate both the West Kingsdale System (9 kilometres (5.6 mi) long) and the East Kingsdale System (7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long) into the system.
606:
47:
351:
31:
510:
468:
gradually knitted the fragments together, but the two most significant dates were 30 May 2010 when Rift Pot was connected to Ireby Fell Cavern, linking systems of North
Yorkshire and Lancashire for the first time, and 6 November 2011, when Notts II was linked to Lost Johns' Cave, which was when the northern part of the system (including caves in Cumbria) was connected to the southern part of the system (including caves in Lancashire).
54:
198:. The possibility of connecting a number of discrete cave systems in the area to create a single super-system that spans the county borders was first proposed by Dave Brook in 1968, and it was achieved in 2011. The system is currently about 90 kilometres (56 mi) long, making it the longest in the UK and the thirty-fourth longest in the world, and there continues to be scope for considerably extending the system.
338:, which is based around the catchment area of the Three Counties System, states in its reason for notification: "The scale and variety of the caves makes this a most important site for the study of surface and underground landform development over a long period of the recent past." It is the interconnections between the sections that are the key to the existence of the super-system.
471:
Following months of preparatory work, and with the support of over fifty cavers, the first complete traverse of the Three
Counties System, between Large Pot in North Yorkshire and Top Sink in Cumbria, was completed by Chris Jewell and Jason Mallinson over the weekend of 25–26 September 2021. In all,
358:
The Three
Counties System comprises a number of smaller cave systems, some with multiple entrances. Whether or not a particular cave qualifies as a system in its own right is somewhat arbitrary, and arguments can be made for excluding some and including others. Running broadly from south to north,
341:
The Three
Counties System is 253 metres (830 ft) deep. The highest point is the entrance to Large Pot which is at an altitude of 402 metres (1,319 ft), and the lowest point is in Gavel Pot where the upstream sump has been dived to a depth of −64 metres (−210 ft), an altitude of 149
702:
Although Dave Brook's vision for the Three
Counties System has come to fruition, there is considerable scope for extending it in both directions. To the north in Barbondale, Aygill Caverns is known to drain into Bull Pot of the Witches, but a route through the underwater passages has yet to be
467:
The existence for the Three
Counties System was first mooted by Dave Brook in 1968, when he proposed that the many fragmented systems stretching from Barbondale in the north to Kingsdale in the south could be part of a much larger system. Over the next 43 years, many discoveries by many cavers
283:
which truncates the limestone exposure, and the eastern extent where the limestones are conformable overlain by younger rocks. Streams flow from the higher topography from the east and sink into swallet holes at the edge of the limestone. The Three
Counties System contains a number of major
300:; most of Ease Gill Beck to the south drains into the extensive Ease Gill Caverns, although some drains into Link Pot and thus into the bottom of Pippikin Pot; most of Leck Fell drains into the Leck Fell Master Cave, which is part of
459:
Most of the individual systems that make up the Three
Counties System had been explored to a greater or lesser extent a long time before the possibility of an extended system was mooted. Thus Lost Johns' Cave was explored by the
400:
319:
The system is very complex, with sections formed at different times when the landscape topography and drainage patterns were different from today. Some of the system is believed to pre-date the
1048:
1077:
976:
492:
This chronology includes the date of the original explorations of the major systems; the dates when two systems were linked; and deaths that have occurred in the system.
1924:
673:
2011: Notts II connected to Lyle Cavern in Lost Johns' Cave, integrating two important Leck Fell drainage systems, and making the Three
Counties System a reality.
464:
in the 1920s, Ease Gill Caverns by a number of caving clubs from the time of the original discovery of Lancaster Hole in 1946, and Ireby Fell Cavern in 1949.
272:, NGR SD 6623 8131) beneath Barbon Low Fell in Cumbria – a distance of over 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi). Between the two, the system passes beneath
1245:
1183:
1147:
1106:
331:
to over 350,000 years old, whilst other sections are still being formed today. Waltham has identified five distinct phases of development. The
919:"Uranium Series Dating of Speletherms, Part II Results from the Yorkshire Dales and Implications for Cave Development and Quaternary Climates"
316:. Some small streams in the south of The Three Counties System are known to resurge at Keld Head in Kingsdale, the next valley to the south.
46:
83:
2039:
1214:
472:
the two traversed 10.8 kilometres (6.7 mi) of passage, of which 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) were underwater, in 17½ hours.
244:
209:
584:
1978: Link Pot explored and connected with Pippikin Pot and Lancaster Hole, linking Leck Fell and Casterton Fell cave systems.
901:
824:
553:
1966: Bull Pot of the Witches connected to Lancaster Hole by diving, connecting the Ease Gill and Aygill drainage systems.
335:
2044:
745:
1673:
2020:
1958:
1757:
1587:
1029:
960:
854:
556:
1969: Lyle Cavern, a high level fossil series, explored in Lost Johns' Cave. This was later linked to Notts II.
1284:
Eyre, J.; Ashmead, P. (March 1967). "Lancaster Hole and the Ease Gill Caverns, Casterton Fell, Westmorland".
629:
1988: Janet Barnfield, Michael Preece, and David Simpson died as a result of a rockfall in Ease Gill Caverns.
2049:
712:
481:
670:
2010: Ireby Fell Cavern linked to Rift Pot, connecting caves of North Yorkshire with caves in Lancashire.
461:
296:
drain south-west through Bull Pot of the Witches, and the water enters the Ease Gill Caverns system in
573:
1975: Gavel Pot linked to Lost Johns' Cave by diving. linking two major drainage systems on Leck Fell.
2054:
605:
2059:
1049:"The amazing story of Adulterer's Bypass and the underground cave system connecting three counties"
636:
1989: Pippikin linked to Gavel Pot by diving, connecting two important Leck Fell drainage systems.
328:
801:
1337:
717:
918:
657:
2000: Committee Pot dug into Notts II, allowing ready access for more intensive exploration.
2064:
408:
350:
241:
in North Yorkshire, and the most northerly entrance is currently Bull Pot of the Witches (
8:
2069:
392:
301:
206:
The Three Counties System's most southerly entrance is currently North by North End Pot (
1394:
595:
1982: Lost Pot, the upstream entrance to Lost Johns' Cave, explored, but then collapsed.
308:; Ireby Fell in the south drains into Notts Pot. All these streams eventually reach the
1451:
780:
320:
30:
2016:
1954:
1753:
1583:
1025:
956:
897:
850:
741:
434:
376:
1533:
690:
2021: First complete traverse of the Three Counties System successfully undertaken.
588:
1980: Ian Plant died whilst diving in the upstream sump of Bull Pot of the Witches.
484:
in the Three Counties System. These fatalities are listed in the chronology below.
509:
388:– Notts I links to Ireby and Notts II by diving, and thence into Lost Johns' Cave.
191:
179:
1974:
Waltham, A. C. (December 1971). "Leck Fell and the Three Counties System".
1703:
Boothroyd, Colin (January–February 1986). "David James – drowned in Lancaster".
1001:
Waltham, A. C. (December 1971). "Leck Fell and the Three Counties System".
413:
297:
284:
subterranean streams, all of which combine to resurge at Leck Beck Head above
2033:
559:
1968: Dave Brook first proposed the possibility of the Three Counties System.
420:
309:
259:
246:
224:
211:
98:
85:
279:
The system runs mainly north–south, its western extent being limited by the
1925:"Tragedy as man dies in Yorkshire Dales underground cave diving expedition"
1476:
Latham, Brian (April 1972). "EPC '71 (Stake Pot) Series – Lancaster Hole".
563:
1969: Duncan Glasfurd died as a result of a rock fall in Ease Gill Caverns.
285:
280:
1378:
Wooding, M. J. (July 1967). "Lancaster – Bull Pot 19 November 1966".
649:
1997: Witches Cave connected to Leck Beck Head and Pippikin Pot by diving.
546:
1964: Alan Clegg died whilst diving in the Lancaster Hole terminal sump.
313:
1848:
Speight, Alan (April–May 2001). "Twin fatalities in Ireby Fell Cavern".
686:
2020: Simon Halliday died whilst diving in Lancaster Hole terminal sump.
892:
Waltham, Tony; Murphy, Phil (2013). Waltham, Tony; Lowe, David (eds.).
640:
1994: Paul Lyons died as the result of a rock fall in Lost Johns' Cave.
539:
1952: Top Sink, the top entrance to Ease Gill Caverns, first opened up.
324:
293:
289:
187:
1993:
Pacey, Neil (February–March 2015). "Mud Mining on the Eastern Front".
645:
1997: Michael Jeffries died as the result of a fall in Lancaster Hole.
577:
1975: Stephen Hughes died as a result of a fall in Ireby Fell Cavern.
536:
1952: Oxford Pot opened, allowing easier access to Ease Gill Caverns.
384:
332:
305:
273:
238:
176:
1878:
Nunwick, Mick (April–May 2012). "Going Head to Head on Leck Fell".
1307:. Clapham, Yorkshire: Dalesman Publishing Company. pp. 63–75.
926:
Cave Science:Transactions of the British Cave Research Association
599:
1982: John Martin died as a result of a fall in Ireby Fell Cavern.
1788:
Monico, Paul (August–September 1997). "Lancaster Hole fatality".
666:
2004: Paula Szajnowska died as the result of a fall in Notts Pot.
195:
183:
71:
633:
1989: Sylvester Pot explored and connected to Ease Gill Caverns.
396:– links to Notts II, and to Gavel Pot and Witches II by diving.
1953:. Skipton: Dalesman Publishing Company Ltd. pp. 119–121.
1752:. Skipton: Dalesman Publishing Company Ltd. pp. 164–166.
438:– links to Pippikin Pot, and to Bull Pot of Witches by diving.
1107:"Heroic Thai cave rescuers complete historic feat in Cumbria"
1024:. Skipton: Dalesman Publishing Company Ltd. pp. 76, 92.
738:
Northern Caves – The Three Counties System and the North-West
661:
2001: Julian Carrol and Ray Lea drowned in Ireby Fell Cavern.
513:
A caver descending a 25-metre (82 ft) shaft in Notts Pot
1615:
1582:. Skipton: Dalesman Publishing Company Ltd. pp. 97–98.
1499:
524:
1946: Lancaster Hole – Ease Gill Caverns explorations began.
430:– links to Ease Gill Caverns, and to Witches Cave by diving.
1412:
1318:
Atkinson, F. (1949). "The Cavern. Ireby Fell. Lancashire".
877:
Brook, Dave (September 1968). "The Three Counties System".
802:"Caving Access: Three Counties System & the North West"
764:
Pearson, Frank (June–July 2024). "North by North End Pot".
896:. Buxton: British Cave Research Association. p. 142.
502:
1898: Short Drop Cave explored and connected to Gavel Pot.
1908:
Allen, Tim (August–September 2013). "Connection Fever".
1893:
Allen, Tim (December 2012). "The Manhattan Connection".
1833:
Gerrish, Rich (2009). "Committee Pot Breakthrough Dig".
1043:
1041:
1773:
Monico, Paul (April–May 1994). "Lost John's fatality".
1733:
Boothroyd, Colin (June–July 1988). "Easegill Tragedy".
1078:"Potholers break through the final Three Counties link"
496:
1885: Gavel Pot explored upstream into Short Drop Cave.
1948:
1747:
1577:
1071:
1069:
1019:
676:
2011: Death's Head Hole connected to Lost Johns' Cave.
581:
1976: Ireby Fell Cavern linked to Notts Pot by diving.
1951:
Northern Caves: The Three Counties and the North West
1949:
Brook, D.; Griffith, J.; Long, H.; Ryder, P. (1994).
1750:
Northern Caves: The Three Counties and the North West
1748:
Brook, D.; Griffith, J.; Long, H.; Ryder, P. (1994).
1580:
Northern Caves: The Three Counties and the North West
1578:
Brook, D.; Griffith, J.; Long, H.; Ryder, P. (1994).
1395:"Discovery of Lyle Cavern High Levels in Lost John's"
1131:
Jewell, Chris (December 2021). "The Grand Traverse".
1038:
1022:
Northern Caves: The Three Counties and the North West
1020:
Brook, D.; Griffith, J.; Long, H.; Ryder, P. (1994).
849:. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. pp. 273–275.
304:, although some drains into Gavel Pot, and some into
1634:
Edwards, G. (1982). "The Exploration of Large Pot".
1478:
University of Leeds Speleological Association Review
693:
2024: North by North End Pot connected to Large Pot.
614:
1984: Rift Pot explored, and connected to Large Pot.
592:
1981: Long Drop Cave connected to Death's Head Cave.
1518:"Papard Dives to Link Notts Pot and Ireby Cavern".
1066:
679:2012: Boundary Pot connected to Ease Gill Caverns.
617:1985: Rumbling Hole connected to Lost Johns' Cave.
380:– links into Rift Pot, and to Notts Pot by diving.
1807:. Council of Northern Caving Clubs. pp. 4–7.
1100:
1098:
781:"The Three Counties System – A List Of Entrances"
2031:
1976:Journal of the British Speleological Association
1653:Davis, B. (1985). "Rift Pot – A Brief History".
1493:University of Leeds Speleological Society Review
1003:Journal of the British Speleological Association
955:. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 285.
653:2000: Howard Rothwell drowned in Lancaster Hole.
1320:Cave Science – A Quarterly Review of Speleology
1095:
570:1971: Earby Series explored in Lancaster Hole.
237:, NGR SD 6830 7654) on the northerly flank of
2010:
1718:Sudell, Barry (1987). "The Notts Pot Dives".
1621:
1505:
1418:
1212:
891:
735:
518:1928: Lost Johns' Cave first fully descended.
53:
1726:
1674:"Lost John's Pot / Rumbling Hole Connection"
1363:Hobbs, Robin (1966). "Long Drop Cave 1965".
1302:
917:Gascoyne, M.; Ford, D. C. (July 1984).
916:
759:
757:
621:1985: David James drowned in Lancaster Hole.
1286:The Transactions of the Cave Research Group
1283:
879:University Speleological Association Review
2015:. Dent, Sedbergh: Lyon Equipment (Books).
1678:Lancaster University Speleological Society
1177:
1175:
1173:
1075:
521:1932: Rumbling Hole first fully descended.
1732:
1702:
1671:
1563:"Ian Plant dies in Yorkshire cave dive".
953:Limestone and Caves of North-West England
847:Limestone and Caves of North-West England
754:
542:1960: Cow Pot explored to Lancaster Hole.
1867:(181): 16. December 2004 – January 2005.
1317:
1181:
1145:
682:2013: Low Douk is connected to Rift Pot.
604:
508:
499:1898: Deaths' Head Hole fully descended.
349:
323:which started at about 478 ka, with one
1973:
1877:
1847:
1832:
1633:
1377:
1303:Gemmell, A.; Myers, J. O. (1952).
1170:
1000:
950:
872:
870:
868:
866:
844:
763:
505:1899: Bull Pot of the Witches explored.
444:– links to Ease Gill Caverns by diving.
2032:
1835:Red Rose Cave and Pothole Club Journal
1787:
1772:
1717:
1655:Northern Cave Club Journal 'The Caver'
1475:
1380:British Speleological Society Bulletin
1311:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1130:
1076:Wainwright, Martin (7 November 2011).
894:Caves and Karst of the Yorkshire Dales
609:Calcite formations in Witches II cave.
404:– links to Lost Johns' Cave by diving.
312:where exploration is only possible by
1992:
1907:
1892:
1805:Shuttleworth Pot into Witches Cave II
1652:
1449:
1399:Happy Wanderers Cave and Pothole Club
1362:
1243:
1104:
876:
816:
550:1965: Long Drop Cave fully descended.
354:Wilf Taylor's Passage, Lancaster Hole
345:
1602:
1105:Young, Ambrose (30 September 2021).
863:
625:1985: Notts II discovered by diving.
2011:Eyre, Jim; Frankland, John (1988).
1392:
1268:
778:
736:Allshorn, Sam; Swire, Paul (2017).
697:
336:Site of Special Scientific Interest
288:. At the northern end, swallets in
35:Duke Street in Ireby Fell Cavern II
13:
2040:Caves of the Three Counties System
1922:
1603:Shaw, Chester (1982). "Lost Pot".
822:
804:. Council of Northern Caving Clubs
450:– links to Pippikin Pot by diving.
401:Short Drop Cave – Gavel Pot System
366:– connects into Ireby Fell Cavern.
14:
2081:
729:
530:1949: Ireby Fell Cavern explored.
1802:
1250:Yorkshire Ramblers' Club Journal
1219:Yorkshire Ramblers' Club Journal
1188:Yorkshire Ramblers' Club Journal
1152:Yorkshire Ramblers' Club Journal
567:1970: Gavel Pot fully descended.
182:systems spanning the borders of
126:about 90 kilometres (56 mi)
52:
45:
29:
1986:
1967:
1942:
1916:
1901:
1886:
1871:
1856:
1841:
1826:
1822:(158): 10. February–March 2001.
1811:
1796:
1781:
1766:
1741:
1711:
1696:
1665:
1646:
1627:
1596:
1571:
1556:
1526:
1511:
1484:
1469:
1443:
1424:
1386:
1371:
1356:
1330:
1296:
1237:
1206:
1139:
1124:
1013:
994:
969:
944:
740:. Leeds: High Mead. p. 7.
910:
885:
838:
794:
772:
201:
1:
1720:Northern Pennine Club Journal
1605:Northern Pennine Club Journal
1456:Northern Pennine Club Records
1182:Cuttriss, S. W. (1922).
723:
487:
475:
448:Leck Beck Head – Witches Cave
175:is a set of inter-connected
951:Waltham, A. C. (1974).
845:Waltham, A. C. (1974).
713:Caving in the United Kingdom
533:1950: Boundary Pot explored.
424:– links to Lost Johns' Cave.
416:– links to Lost Johns' Cave.
7:
1622:Eyre & Frankland (1988)
1506:Eyre & Frankland (1988)
1419:Eyre & Frankland (1988)
706:
364:Large Pot – Rift Pot system
10:
2086:
2004:
1567:(45): 4. March–April 1980.
977:"Leck Beck Catchment Area"
454:
1672:Boothroyd, Colin (1987).
1338:"CDG History 1960 – 1969"
1184:"The Leck Fell Pot-Holes"
603:1982: Large Pot explored.
527:1946: Notts Pot explored.
173:The Three Counties System
162:
154:
146:
138:
130:
122:
114:
77:
66:
40:
28:
23:
2045:Caves of North Yorkshire
1491:"Digs and Discoveries".
1326:(9). Settle, BSA: 21–27.
1225:(2). Leeds: YRC: 134–141
462:Yorkshire Ramblers' Club
333:Leck Beck Catchment Area
327:in Lancaster Hole being
276:which is in Lancashire.
118:253 metres (830 ft)
1256:(19). Leeds: YRC: 54–59
1194:(15). Leeds: YRC: 60–64
1158:(19). Leeds: YRC: 60–62
1111:The Westmorland Gazette
825:"World's Longest Caves"
442:Bull Pot of the Witches
134:Carboniferous limestone
1929:Yorkshire Evening Post
1863:"Notts Pot fatality".
1818:"Lancaster fatality".
1365:Gritstone Club Journal
1342:Cave diving highlights
1213:YRC Committee (1900).
610:
514:
372:– links into Rift Pot.
355:
342:metres (489 ft).
260:54.226398°N 2.519514°W
225:54.183628°N 2.487239°W
16:Cave system in England
1538:Northern Pennine Club
1522:(34): 4. August 1976.
1439:(19): 3. Autumn 1969.
1305:Underground Adventure
1244:Foley, Innes (1930).
1146:Hastings, C. (1930).
718:List of longest caves
608:
512:
359:the systems include:
353:
99:54.20699°N 2.506452°W
24:Three Counties System
1431:"Easegill Tragedy".
480:Sixteen cavers have
265:54.226398; -2.519514
230:54.183628; -2.487239
2050:Caves of Lancashire
1344:. Cave Diving Group
1148:"Gavel Pot in 1885"
256: /
221: /
104:54.20699; -2.506452
95: /
1803:Monk, Pete (ed.).
1495:(14). August 1976.
1450:Smith, B. (1970).
1246:"Lost Johns' Cave"
1215:"Club Proceedings"
611:
515:
356:
346:Major cave systems
2013:Race Against Time
903:978-0-900265-46-4
435:Ease Gill Caverns
409:Death's Head Hole
377:Ireby Fell Cavern
170:
169:
2077:
2055:Caves of Cumbria
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698:Future prospects
482:lost their lives
393:Lost Johns' Cave
302:Lost Johns' Cave
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2060:Limestone caves
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2007:
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1968:
1961:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1923:Beever, Susie.
1921:
1917:
1906:
1902:
1891:
1887:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1846:
1842:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1801:
1797:
1786:
1782:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1746:
1742:
1731:
1727:
1716:
1712:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1670:
1666:
1651:
1647:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1601:
1597:
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1576:
1572:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1532:
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1527:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1448:
1444:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1393:Waltham, Tony.
1391:
1387:
1376:
1372:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1316:
1312:
1301:
1297:
1282:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1180:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1144:
1140:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1103:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1053:Lancashire Life
1047:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1018:
1014:
999:
995:
985:
983:
981:Natural England
975:
974:
970:
963:
949:
945:
935:
933:
921:
915:
911:
904:
890:
886:
875:
864:
857:
843:
839:
829:
827:
821:
817:
807:
805:
800:
799:
795:
785:
783:
779:Gardner, John.
777:
773:
762:
755:
748:
734:
730:
726:
709:
700:
490:
478:
457:
348:
264:
262:
258:
255:
250:
247:
245:
243:
242:
229:
227:
223:
220:
215:
212:
210:
208:
207:
204:
192:North Yorkshire
180:solutional cave
103:
101:
97:
94:
89:
86:
84:
82:
81:
62:
61:
60:
59:
58:
57:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1985:
1966:
1959:
1941:
1915:
1900:
1885:
1870:
1855:
1840:
1825:
1810:
1795:
1780:
1765:
1758:
1740:
1725:
1710:
1695:
1664:
1645:
1626:
1624:, p. 200.
1614:
1595:
1588:
1570:
1555:
1525:
1510:
1508:, p. 195.
1498:
1483:
1468:
1442:
1423:
1411:
1385:
1370:
1355:
1329:
1310:
1295:
1267:
1236:
1205:
1169:
1138:
1123:
1094:
1065:
1037:
1030:
1012:
993:
968:
961:
943:
909:
902:
884:
862:
855:
837:
823:Burger, Paul.
815:
793:
771:
753:
746:
727:
725:
722:
721:
720:
715:
708:
705:
699:
696:
695:
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691:
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683:
680:
677:
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663:
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637:
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631:
626:
623:
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585:
582:
579:
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568:
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560:
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548:
543:
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537:
534:
531:
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522:
519:
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497:
489:
486:
477:
474:
456:
453:
452:
451:
445:
439:
431:
425:
417:
414:Long Drop Cave
405:
397:
389:
381:
373:
367:
347:
344:
298:Lancaster Hole
203:
200:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
79:
75:
74:
68:
64:
63:
51:
50:
44:
43:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2082:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2008:
1997:(236): 19–22.
1996:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1912:(233): 16–18.
1911:
1904:
1897:(229): 43–46.
1896:
1889:
1882:(225): 22–23.
1881:
1874:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1829:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1799:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1699:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1566:
1559:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1472:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1421:, p. 91.
1420:
1415:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1359:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1135:(283): 22–26.
1134:
1127:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1004:
997:
982:
978:
972:
964:
958:
954:
947:
931:
927:
920:
913:
905:
899:
895:
888:
880:
873:
871:
869:
867:
858:
852:
848:
841:
826:
819:
803:
797:
782:
775:
767:
760:
758:
749:
747:9781527210950
743:
739:
732:
728:
719:
716:
714:
711:
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704:
692:
689:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
656:
654:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
635:
632:
630:
627:
624:
622:
619:
616:
613:
607:
602:
600:
597:
594:
591:
589:
586:
583:
580:
578:
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572:
569:
566:
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561:
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555:
552:
549:
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544:
541:
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526:
523:
520:
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504:
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483:
473:
469:
465:
463:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:
432:
429:
426:
423:
422:
421:Rumbling Hole
418:
415:
411:
410:
406:
403:
402:
398:
395:
394:
390:
387:
386:
382:
379:
378:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
361:
360:
352:
343:
339:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Anglian stage
317:
315:
311:
310:phreatic zone
307:
303:
299:
295:
292:close to the
291:
287:
282:
277:
275:
269:
240:
234:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
48:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2012:
1994:
1988:
1982:(48): 31–32.
1979:
1975:
1969:
1950:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:
1918:
1909:
1903:
1894:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1849:
1843:
1837:(10): 81–83.
1834:
1828:
1819:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1789:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1681:
1677:
1667:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1617:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1579:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1541:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1513:
1501:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1455:
1445:
1436:
1433:Speleologist
1432:
1426:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
1388:
1379:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1341:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1304:
1298:
1292:(2): 117–19.
1289:
1285:
1258:. Retrieved
1253:
1249:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1222:
1218:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1191:
1187:
1160:. Retrieved
1155:
1151:
1141:
1132:
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:
1085:. Retrieved
1082:The Guardian
1081:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:
1021:
1015:
1009:(48): 29–30.
1006:
1002:
996:
984:. Retrieved
980:
971:
952:
946:
934:. Retrieved
929:
925:
912:
893:
887:
878:
846:
840:
828:. Retrieved
818:
806:. Retrieved
796:
784:. Retrieved
774:
765:
737:
731:
701:
685:
665:
660:
652:
644:
639:
628:
620:
598:
587:
576:
562:
545:
491:
479:
470:
466:
458:
447:
441:
433:
428:Pippikin Pot
427:
419:
407:
399:
391:
383:
375:
369:
363:
357:
340:
318:
286:Cowan Bridge
281:Craven Fault
278:
205:
172:
171:
18:
2065:Karst caves
1642:(3): 51–61.
1636:NPC Journal
1611:(3): 76–79.
1452:"Gavel Pot"
1382:(75): 9–10.
1367:(2): 26–29.
881:(3): 15–19.
808:16 December
314:cave diving
263: /
228: /
202:Description
102: /
78:Coordinates
70:North-West
2070:Wild caves
2034:Categories
2022:0950687448
1960:1855680831
1852:(159): 10.
1792:(137): 11.
1777:(117): 16.
1759:1855680831
1589:1855680831
1534:"Link Pot"
1480:(9): 3–11.
1348:16 January
1031:1855680831
962:0715361813
932:(2): 65–84
856:0715361813
768:(298): 17.
724:References
488:Chronology
476:Fatalities
325:stalagmite
294:Dent Fault
290:Barbondale
248:54°13′35″N
213:54°11′01″N
188:Lancashire
147:Difficulty
87:54°12′25″N
1934:6 January
1737:(82): 12.
1544:(2). 1979
1260:7 October
1229:7 October
1198:7 October
1162:7 October
1116:6 October
385:Notts Pot
306:Notts Pot
274:Leck Fell
251:2°31′10″W
239:Kingsdale
216:2°29′14″W
177:limestone
139:Entrances
90:2°30′23″W
1707:(86): 7.
707:See also
370:Low Douk
67:Location
2005:Sources
1995:Descent
1910:Descent
1895:Descent
1880:Descent
1865:Descent
1850:Descent
1820:Descent
1790:Descent
1775:Descent
1735:Descent
1705:Descent
1688:11 July
1661:: 9–17.
1565:Descent
1548:23 July
1520:Descent
1461:20 July
1404:20 July
1133:Descent
1087:20 July
1058:7 April
986:24 July
936:24 July
766:Descent
455:History
196:England
184:Cumbria
166:Various
158:Various
155:Hazards
150:Various
131:Geology
72:England
2019:
1957:
1756:
1722:: 6–9.
1586:
1028:
959:
900:
853:
830:6 June
786:6 June
744:
163:Access
123:Length
922:(PDF)
329:dated
115:Depth
2017:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1936:2020
1754:ISBN
1690:2015
1684:: 21
1584:ISBN
1550:2015
1463:2015
1406:2015
1350:2014
1262:2021
1231:2021
1200:2021
1164:2021
1118:2021
1089:2015
1060:2020
1026:ISBN
988:2015
957:ISBN
938:2015
898:ISBN
851:ISBN
832:2024
810:2012
788:2024
742:ISBN
190:and
142:54
2036::
1980:VI
1978:.
1927:.
1680:.
1676:.
1657:.
1638:.
1607:.
1540:.
1536:.
1454:.
1435:.
1397:.
1340:.
1324:II
1322:.
1288:.
1270:^
1252:.
1248:.
1221:.
1217:.
1190:.
1186:.
1172:^
1154:.
1150:.
1109:.
1097:^
1080:.
1068:^
1051:.
1040:^
1007:VI
1005:.
979:.
930:11
928:.
924:.
865:^
756:^
412:–
186:,
2025:.
1963:.
1938:.
1762:.
1692:.
1682:4
1659:5
1640:3
1609:3
1592:.
1552:.
1542:3
1465:.
1437:3
1408:.
1352:.
1290:9
1264:.
1254:6
1233:.
1223:1
1202:.
1192:5
1166:.
1156:6
1120:.
1091:.
1062:.
1034:.
990:.
965:.
940:.
906:.
859:.
834:.
812:.
790:.
750:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
