367:
346:
51:
31:
336:
and sticks brought by the male. Typical clutch size is two to five; hatching is asynchronic. Both sexes incubate in shifts, and after hatching feed the young by partial regurgitation. Two or three weeks after hatching, the young no longer need to be brooded continuously and may leave the nest, often
206:
is an open question. The South
American Checklist Committee's entry for the Threskiornithidae includes the following comment "Two subfamilies are traditionally (e.g., Matheu & del Hoyo 1992) recognized: Threskiornithinae for ibises and Plataleinae for spoonbills; because the main distinction has
240:
as progressively earlier offshoots and more distant relatives, and hence casts doubt on the arrangement of the family into ibis and spoonbill subfamilies. Subsequent studies have supported these findings, the spoonbills forming a monophyletic clade within the "widespread" clade of ibises, including
954:
Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.;
269:
and about 20 secondaries. They are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the
328:: ibises by probing in soft earth or mud, spoonbills by swinging the bill from side to side in shallow water. At night, they roost in trees near water. They are gregarious, feeding, roosting, and flying together, often in formation.
331:
Nesting is colonial in ibises, more often in small groups or singly in spoonbills, nearly always in trees overhanging water, but sometimes on islands or small islands in swamps. Generally, the female builds a large structure out of
174:; however recent genetic studies have cast doubt on this arrangement, and have found the spoonbills to be nested within the Old World ibises, and the New World ibises as an early offshoot.
1049:
Chesser, R.Terry; Yeung, Carol K.L.; Yao, Cheng-Te; Tians, Xiu-Hua; Li Shou-Hsien (2010). "Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA".
182:
The family
Threskiornithidae was formerly known as Plataleidae. The spoonbills and ibises were once thought to be related to other groups of long-legged wading birds in the order
1125:
Frederick, Peter C.; Bildstein, Keith L. "Foraging
Ecology of Seven Species of Neotropical Ibises (Threskiornithidae) during the Dry Season in the Llanos of Venezuela".
906:"Opinion 1674. Threskiornithidae Poche, 1904 (Aves, Ciconiiformes): given precedence over Plataleidae Bonaparte, 1838 and Eudocimidae Bonaparte, 1854"
2268:
2137:
2176:
959:; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki (June 2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History".
1175:
2263:
883:"Ein bisher nicht berücksichtigtes zoologisches Werk aus dem Jahre 1758, in dem die Grundsätze der binären Nomenklatur befolgt sind"
2111:
2150:
207:
to do with bill shape, additional information, especially genetic, is required to recognize a major, deep split in the family."
191:
2155:
928:
1153:
2225:
2090:
366:
2181:
162:
includes 36 species of large wading birds. The family has been traditionally classified into two subfamilies, the
2103:
1168:
50:
2163:
302:
They are distributed almost worldwide, being found near almost any area of standing or slow-flowing fresh or
956:
2033:
2020:
1998:
1751:
351:
1086:"Molecular phylogeny of Threskiornithidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA"
2253:
2038:
1161:
903:
2230:
2191:
1147:
345:
1920:
844:
249:, while the "new World Endemic" clade is formed by the genera restricted to the Americas such as
2258:
2217:
1960:
202:
instead of the previous order of
Ciconiiformes. Whether the two subfamilies are reciprocally
2212:
2142:
1890:
1365:
1312:
817:
493:
445:
430:
2204:
1183:
1048:
2059:
2007:
1762:
1281:
968:
412:
2012:
317:
are notable in that these wetland plains support seven species of ibis in the one region.
8:
2025:
1647:
1320:
1271:
1009:"Gill, F. & D. Donsker (Eds). 2010. IOC World Bird Names (version 2.4). Available at
717:
454:
403:
372:
972:
278:. They are large birds, but mid-sized by the standards of their order, ranging from the
1880:
1478:
1468:
1410:
1400:
992:
808:
592:
583:
538:
529:
45:
2199:
2046:
1930:
1900:
1576:
1330:
1302:
1107:
1066:
1023:
984:
853:
826:
664:
465:
436:
211:
905:
882:
1692:
1543:
1533:
1193:
1097:
1058:
996:
976:
754:
647:
638:
279:
156:
2051:
1910:
1725:
1622:
835:
780:
698:
230:
2168:
1292:
2098:
2085:
1523:
1355:
904:
Commission of the
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1992).
629:
484:
303:
199:
187:
102:
1062:
2247:
1983:
1813:
1786:
1070:
183:
1102:
1085:
980:
1657:
1498:
1433:
1262:
1111:
988:
726:
610:
555:
422:
397:
321:
224:
219:
38:
2124:
1992:
1682:
1553:
1514:
1488:
745:
623:
601:
215:
1599:
1458:
1449:
1391:
1375:
681:
574:
568:
523:
510:
356:
325:
287:
2072:
1869:
1816:
1741:
1702:
1638:
1346:
1210:
1189:
795:
763:
711:
478:
275:
236:
203:
170:
145:
62:
2129:
2116:
1954:
1083:
320:
All ibises are diurnal; spending the day feeding on a wide range of
286:), at 45 cm (18 in) and 450 g (0.99 lb), to the
194:(IOC) recently reclassified Threskiornithidae and their sister taxa
2077:
1977:
1673:
739:
333:
307:
195:
82:
30:
1124:
1855:
1248:
1243:
1010:
266:
1241:
927:
Myers, P. R.; C. S. Parr; T. Jones; G. S. Hammond; T. A. Dewey.
926:
314:
72:
294:), at 100 cm (39 in) and 4.2 kg (9.3 lb).
222:
found that the spoonbills formed a clade with old world genus
2064:
1844:
1232:
360:
265:
Members of the family have long, broad wings with 11 primary
112:
1213:
1185:
388:
271:
164:
140:
92:
186:. A recent study found that they are members of the order
953:
337:
forming creches but returning to be fed by the parents.
1024:"A classification of the bird species of South America"
1084:
J.L. Ramirez; C.Y. Miyaki & S.N. Del Lama (2013).
929:"Family Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills)"
306:. Ibises are also found in drier areas, including
2245:
274:, straight and distinctively flattened in the
1169:
297:
1176:
1162:
29:
1101:
365:
344:
1028:South American Classification Committee
2269:Taxa named by Charles Wallace Richmond
2246:
1077:
1959:
1958:
1812:
1209:
1157:
880:
192:International Ornithological Congress
190:. In response to these findings, the
2192:ca12c8b4-5013-4269-bbee-89451588757f
2104:d067f8ce-9428-453b-860d-779593f79e63
910:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
13:
14:
2280:
2264:Extant Ypresian first appearances
1141:
1030:. American Ornithologists' Union
49:
1150:on the Internet Bird Collection
1090:Genetics and Molecular Research
1118:
1042:
1016:
1011:http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
1003:
947:
920:
897:
874:
260:
1:
867:
459:Threskiornis molucca pygmaeus
1218:subfamily: Threskiornithinae
7:
1853:
441:Threskiornis melanocephalus
352:Threskiornis melanocephalus
214:of the spoonbills plus the
177:
10:
2285:
340:
1967:
1867:
1852:
1843:
1839:
1808:
1776:
1739:
1716:
1671:
1636:
1613:
1590:
1567:
1512:
1447:
1424:
1389:
1344:
1260:
1240:
1231:
1227:
1205:
1063:10.11646/zootaxa.2603.1.2
881:Poche, von Franz (1904).
686:Mesembrinibis cayennensis
381:FAMILY: THRESKIORNITHIDAE
137:
132:
46:Scientific classification
44:
37:
28:
23:
1752:Moloka'i flightless ibis
1148:Threskiornithidae videos
935:. University of Michigan
634:Theristicus caerulescens
470:Threskiornis spinicollis
408:Threskiornis aethiopicus
298:Distribution and ecology
1921:Yellow-billed spoonbill
1184:Traditional listing of
1103:10.4238/2013.July.30.11
981:10.1126/science.1157704
845:Yellow-billed spoonbill
427:Threskiornis solitarius
1319:) and supporting page
615:Bostrychia carunculata
377:
363:
2213:Paleobiology Database
1891:Black-faced spoonbill
1366:White-shouldered ibis
1313:Australian white ibis
957:Sheldon, Frederick H.
887:Zoologischer Anzeiger
818:Black-faced spoonbill
652:Theristicus melanopis
494:White-shouldered ibis
446:Australian white ibis
417:Threskiornis bernieri
369:
348:
2099:Fauna Europaea (new)
1763:Maui flightless ibis
1325:T. moluccus pygmaeus
1282:Malagasy sacred ibis
1247:(prefix † indicates
933:Animal Diversity Web
750:Plegadis falcinellus
643:Theristicus caudatus
515:Thaumatibis gigantea
450:Threskiornis molucca
413:Malagasy sacred ibis
370:Eurasian spoonbill (
292:Thaumatibis gigantea
1648:American white ibis
1321:Solomons white ibis
1272:African sacred ibis
1127:The Wilson Bulletin
973:2008Sci...320.1763H
967:(5884): 1763–1768.
813:Platalea leucorodia
785:Lophotibis cristata
718:American white ibis
703:Phimosus infuscatus
606:Bostrychia hagedash
579:Bostrychia olivacea
489:Pseudibis papillosa
455:Solomons white ibis
404:African sacred ibis
373:Platalea leucorodia
349:Black-headed ibis (
1881:Eurasian spoonbill
1479:Spot-breasted ibis
1411:Southern bald ibis
1401:Northern bald ibis
809:Eurasian spoonbill
593:Spot-breasted ibis
588:Bostrychia bocagei
539:Southern bald ibis
534:Geronticus eremita
530:Northern bald ibis
498:Pseudibis davisoni
378:
364:
284:Bostrychia bocagei
24:Threskiornithidae
2254:Threskiornithidae
2241:
2240:
2200:Open Tree of Life
2026:Threskiornithidae
2013:Threskiornithidae
1999:Threskiornithidae
1969:Threskiornithidae
1961:Taxon identifiers
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1931:Roseate spoonbill
1901:African spoonbill
1863:
1862:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1577:Sharp-tailed ibis
1331:Straw-necked ibis
1307:T. melanocephalus
1303:Black-headed ibis
1256:
1255:
1198:Threskiornithidae
854:Roseate spoonbill
849:Platalea flavipes
827:African spoonbill
768:Plegadis ridgwayi
669:Cercibis oxycerca
665:Sharp-tailed ibis
543:Geronticus calvus
466:Straw-necked ibis
437:Black-headed ibis
389:Threskiornithinae
212:mitochondrial DNA
160:Threskiornithidae
153:
152:
141:Threskiornithinae
128:
123:Threskiornithidae
2276:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2171:
2169:NBNSYS0000161153
2159:
2158:
2146:
2145:
2133:
2132:
2120:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2080:
2068:
2067:
2055:
2054:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2028:
2016:
2015:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1956:
1955:
1850:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1810:
1809:
1693:White-faced ibis
1544:Black-faced ibis
1534:Buff-necked ibis
1238:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1207:
1206:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1135:
1134:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1096:(3): 2740–2750.
1081:
1075:
1074:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1020:
1014:
1007:
1001:
1000:
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
924:
918:
917:
901:
895:
894:
878:
755:White-faced ibis
648:Black-faced ibis
639:Buff-necked ibis
560:Nipponia nippon
280:dwarf olive ibis
198:under the order
126:
54:
53:
33:
21:
20:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2211:
2203:
2198:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2149:
2141:
2136:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1963:
1953:
1940:
1911:Royal spoonbill
1873:
1859:
1835:
1796:
1772:
1735:
1726:Madagascar ibis
1712:
1667:
1632:
1623:Bare-faced ibis
1609:
1586:
1563:
1528:T. caerulescens
1508:
1443:
1420:
1385:
1340:
1252:
1223:
1201:
1182:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1123:
1119:
1082:
1078:
1057:(2603): 53–60.
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
952:
948:
938:
936:
925:
921:
902:
898:
879:
875:
870:
836:Royal spoonbill
781:Madagascar ibis
731:Eudocimus ruber
722:Eudocimus albus
699:Bare-faced ibis
597:Bostrychia rara
343:
300:
263:
231:Nipponia nippon
180:
125:
48:
17:
16:Family of birds
12:
11:
5:
2282:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
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2235:
2222:
2209:
2196:
2186:
2173:
2160:
2147:
2134:
2121:
2108:
2095:
2086:Fauna Europaea
2082:
2069:
2056:
2043:
2030:
2017:
2004:
1989:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1908:
1898:
1888:
1877:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1847:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1791:X. xympithecus
1782:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1759:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1690:
1687:P. falcinellus
1679:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1604:M. cayennensis
1596:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1524:Plumbeous ibis
1520:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1503:B. carunculata
1496:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1356:Red-naped ibis
1352:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1335:T. spinicollis
1328:
1310:
1300:
1289:
1279:
1276:T. aethiopicus
1268:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1203:
1202:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1142:External links
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858:Platalea ajaja
851:
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840:Platalea regia
833:
824:
822:Platalea minor
815:
791:
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788:
787:
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759:Plegadis chihi
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630:Plumbeous ibis
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485:Red-naped ibis
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434:
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410:
342:
339:
304:brackish water
299:
296:
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220:scarlet ibises
200:Pelecaniformes
188:Pelecaniformes
179:
176:
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103:Pelecaniformes
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2259:Bird families
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2210:
2206:
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1885:P. leucorodia
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1787:Jamaican ibis
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1663:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1627:P. infuscatus
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1592:Mesembrinibis
1589:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1469:São Tomé ibis
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
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1388:
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1367:
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1357:
1354:
1353:
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1343:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:T. solitarius
1294:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
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1246:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1172:
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1165:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1132:
1128:
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1109:
1104:
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1080:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
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1045:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1006:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
950:
934:
930:
923:
915:
911:
907:
900:
892:
889:(in German).
888:
884:
877:
873:
859:
855:
852:
850:
846:
843:
841:
837:
834:
832:
831:Platalea alba
828:
825:
823:
819:
816:
814:
810:
807:
806:
805:
801:
800:
799:– Spoonbills
798:
797:
792:
786:
782:
779:
778:
777:
773:
769:
765:
762:
760:
756:
753:
751:
747:
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743:
742:
741:
736:
732:
728:
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723:
719:
716:
715:
714:
713:
708:
704:
700:
697:
696:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:
679:
678:
677:Mesembrinibis
674:
670:
666:
663:
662:
661:
657:
653:
649:
646:
644:
640:
637:
635:
631:
628:
627:
626:
625:
620:
616:
612:
609:
607:
603:
600:
598:
594:
591:
589:
585:
584:São Tomé ibis
582:
580:
576:
573:
572:
571:
570:
565:
561:
557:
554:
553:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
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531:
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526:
525:
520:
516:
512:
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329:
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322:invertebrates
318:
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217:
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208:
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197:
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185:
184:Ciconiiformes
175:
173:
172:
167:
166:
161:
158:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
136:
131:
124:
121:
118:
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111:
108:
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81:
78:
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68:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
52:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1968:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1874:(spoonbills)
1868:
1854:
1828:
1822:
1790:
1777:
1766:
1755:
1740:
1729:
1717:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1672:
1661:
1658:Scarlet ibis
1651:
1637:
1626:
1614:
1603:
1591:
1580:
1568:
1558:T. branickii
1557:
1548:T. melanopis
1547:
1537:
1527:
1513:
1502:
1499:Wattled ibis
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1448:
1437:
1434:Crested ibis
1425:
1414:
1404:
1390:
1379:
1369:
1360:P. papillosa
1359:
1345:
1334:
1324:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1293:Réunion ibis
1285:
1275:
1263:Threskiornis
1261:
1242:
1197:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1034:24 September
1032:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
1005:
964:
960:
949:
937:. Retrieved
932:
922:
913:
909:
899:
890:
886:
876:
857:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
803:
793:
784:
775:
767:
758:
749:
738:
730:
727:Scarlet ibis
721:
710:
702:
693:
685:
676:
668:
659:
651:
642:
633:
622:
614:
611:Wattled ibis
605:
596:
587:
578:
567:
559:
556:Crested ibis
550:
542:
533:
522:
514:
505:
497:
488:
477:
469:
458:
449:
440:
426:
423:Reunion ibis
416:
407:
398:Threskiornis
396:
386:
380:
379:
371:
350:
330:
319:
312:
301:
291:
283:
264:
254:
250:
247:Threskiornis
246:
242:
235:
229:
225:Threskiornis
223:
209:
204:monophyletic
181:
169:
163:
159:
154:
133:Subfamilies
122:
39:Scarlet ibis
18:
2125:iNaturalist
1993:Wikispecies
1925:P. flavipes
1823:Plataleinae
1821:subfamily:
1730:L. cristata
1707:P. ridgwayi
1683:Glossy ibis
1581:C. oxycerca
1554:Andean ibis
1538:T. caudatus
1515:Theristicus
1493:B. hagedash
1489:Hadada ibis
1463:B. olivacea
1380:P. gigantea
1370:P. davisoni
1317:T. moluccus
1286:T. bernieri
939:9 September
916:(1): 97–99.
893:: 495-510 .
796:Plataleinae
794:Subfamily:
746:Glossy ibis
624:Theristicus
602:Hadada ibis
506:Thaumatibis
387:Subfamily:
326:vertebrates
261:Description
255:Theristicus
210:A study of
146:Plataleinae
127:Poche, 1904
2248:Categories
1817:Spoonbills
1718:Lophotibis
1600:Green ibis
1473:B. bocagei
1459:Olive ibis
1450:Bostrychia
1405:G. eremita
1392:Geronticus
1376:Giant ibis
1190:spoonbills
1133:(1): 1–21.
868:References
776:Lophotibis
682:Green ibis
575:Olive ibis
569:Bostrychia
524:Geronticus
511:Giant ibis
376:) in India
357:Tamil Nadu
324:and small
288:giant ibis
276:spoonbills
171:spoonbills
109:Suborder:
1778:Xenicibis
1767:A. brevis
1756:A. glenos
1742:Apteribis
1703:Puna ibis
1639:Eudocimus
1438:N. nippon
1415:G. calvus
1347:Pseudibis
1071:1175-5326
764:Puna ibis
712:Eudocimus
479:Pseudibis
392:– Ibises
308:landfills
251:Eudocimus
237:Eudocimus
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
1978:Wikidata
1935:P. ajaja
1915:P. regia
1895:P. minor
1870:Platalea
1829:Platalea
1697:P. chihi
1674:Plegadis
1662:E. ruber
1652:E. albus
1615:Phimosus
1569:Cercibis
1426:Nipponia
1251:species)
1112:23979898
989:18583609
804:Platalea
740:Plegadis
694:Phimosus
660:Cercibis
551:Nipponia
267:feathers
243:Plegadis
196:Ardeidae
178:Taxonomy
168:and the
119:Family:
83:Chordata
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
1984:Q162085
1905:P. alba
1856:Species
1827:genus:
1483:B. rara
1249:extinct
1244:Species
1051:Zootaxa
997:6472805
969:Bibcode
961:Science
431:extinct
341:Species
228:, with
99:Order:
89:Class:
2231:148757
2205:480157
2189:NZOR:
2156:174922
2143:101113
2078:1THREF
1214:Ibises
1194:family
1186:ibises
1110:
1069:
995:
987:
802:Genus
774:Genus
737:Genus
709:Genus
692:Genus
675:Genus
658:Genus
621:Genus
566:Genus
549:Genus
521:Genus
504:Genus
476:Genus
395:Genus
315:Llanos
272:ibises
216:sacred
165:ibises
157:family
2226:WoRMS
2218:58426
2182:33574
2138:IRMNG
2091:10742
1845:Genus
1233:Genus
993:S2CID
361:India
355:) in
334:reeds
113:Ardei
2177:NCBI
2151:ITIS
2130:3727
2117:5288
2112:GBIF
2073:EPPO
2065:7982
2039:1447
2034:BOLD
1188:and
1108:PMID
1067:ISSN
1055:2603
1036:2015
985:PMID
941:2009
313:The
253:and
245:and
234:and
218:and
155:The
93:Aves
2164:NBN
2060:EoL
2052:H89
2047:CoL
2021:AFD
2008:ADW
1131:104
1098:doi
1059:doi
977:doi
965:320
783:,
766:,
757:,
748:,
729:,
720:,
701:,
684:,
667:,
650:,
641:,
632:,
613:,
604:,
595:,
577:,
558:,
541:,
532:,
513:,
496:,
487:,
468:,
457:,
448:,
439:,
406:,
2250::
2228::
2215::
2202::
2179::
2166::
2153::
2140::
2127::
2114::
2101::
2088::
2075::
2062::
2049::
2036::
2023::
2010::
1995::
1980::
1196::
1129:.
1106:.
1094:12
1092:.
1088:.
1065:.
1053:.
1026:.
991:.
983:.
975:.
963:.
931:.
914:49
912:.
908:.
891:27
885:.
856:,
847:,
838:,
829:,
820:,
811:,
586:,
425:,
415:,
359:,
310:.
257:.
1937:)
1933:(
1927:)
1923:(
1917:)
1913:(
1907:)
1903:(
1897:)
1893:(
1887:)
1883:(
1793:)
1789:(
1785:†
1769:)
1765:(
1761:†
1758:)
1754:(
1750:†
1732:)
1728:(
1709:)
1705:(
1699:)
1695:(
1689:)
1685:(
1664:)
1660:(
1654:)
1650:(
1629:)
1625:(
1606:)
1602:(
1583:)
1579:(
1560:)
1556:(
1550:)
1546:(
1540:)
1536:(
1530:)
1526:(
1505:)
1501:(
1495:)
1491:(
1485:)
1481:(
1475:)
1471:(
1465:)
1461:(
1440:)
1436:(
1417:)
1413:(
1407:)
1403:(
1382:)
1378:(
1372:)
1368:(
1362:)
1358:(
1337:)
1333:(
1327:)
1323:(
1315:(
1309:)
1305:(
1299:)
1295:(
1291:†
1288:)
1284:(
1278:)
1274:(
1200:)
1192:(
1177:e
1170:t
1163:v
1114:.
1100::
1073:.
1061::
1038:.
1013:.
999:.
979::
971::
943:.
433:)
429:(
421:†
290:(
282:(
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