658:
41:
1178:
65:
654:. This fin is longer in males and highly colourful, with spots of red, orange, purple or green. The body is also colourful; the dorsal surface is a dark purplish to bluish black or gray, grading to dark blue or silver gray on the flanks and gray or white on the belly. The body is further decorated with a smattering of small dark spots; these are much more numerous in juveniles.
756:
920:
Weiss, S. J., D. V. Gonçalves, G. Secci-Petretto, G. K. Englmaier, A. Gomes-Dos-Santos, G. P. J. Denys, H. Persat, A. Antonov, C. Hahn, E. B. Taylor and E. Froufe (2021) Global systematic diversity, range distributions, conservation and taxonomic assessments of graylings (Teleostei: Salmonidae;
356:
448:
352:
402:
384:
1094:
551:
724:, spawn in rivers and do not guard their brood, although they do conceal their eggs in silt. The spawning behavior of the Arctic grayling may be typical for the genus
1101:
473:
398:
685:
while somewhat shorter - 60 cm (24 in) - may weigh significantly more, 6.7 kg (15 lb). The fishes of this genus may live for 18 years or more.
1112:
379:
542:
693:
These fishes require cool, well-oxygenated water, preferably with a swift current; they are found in large, sandy- or gravel-bottomed rivers and lakes, but
1078:
477:
406:
1612:
1553:
1406:
774:
Due to their agreeable taste and attractive form, the grayling species are valued as food and game fishes, and they are occasionally seen in
1341:
1527:
1380:
1532:
1385:
249:
species can be generically called graylings, without specific qualification the term "grayling" typically refers to the
1054:
939:
1320:
1579:
1558:
1445:
1411:
1617:
1333:
496:
279:
185:
812:
157:
1540:
1393:
657:
971:"Cascading effects of temperature alterations on trophic ecology of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)"
1367:
1263:
874:
575:. Modern research supports the view that they are not separate taxa, but alternative ecological forms of
1268:
64:
1584:
1450:
681:, at a maximum length of 76 cm (30 in) and a maximum weight of 3.8 kg (8.4 lb).
1622:
1122:
393:
1162:
670:
370:
1437:
1203:
1147:
1142:
1047:
468:
1177:
40:
1492:
1432:
1088:
347:
333:
1571:
1424:
1501:
1289:
1250:
1137:
982:
443:
434:
8:
1241:
1167:
1157:
1152:
1127:
760:
560:
520:
509:
486:
429:
254:
174:
986:
1607:
1132:
1107:
1013:
970:
457:
365:
324:
318:
313:, 14 species are placed in this genus. However, views differ on their taxonomic rank.
59:
50:
1566:
1419:
1276:
1040:
1018:
1000:
744:
736:
536:
420:
338:
259:
627:
and in the
Nearctic. The other species have more localized ranges in northern Asia.
1008:
990:
940:
https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp
588:
239:
1281:
1255:
898:
Dyldin, Y. V.; L. Hanel; V. I. Romanov; J. Plesník (2017). "A review of the genus
842:
1083:
662:
228:
225:
1545:
1398:
567:. An old controversy exists over the status of Baikal black vs white graylings,
1477:
1328:
1315:
995:
775:
624:
596:
592:
298:
106:
1601:
1226:
1117:
1004:
870:
612:
492:
415:
286:
181:
897:
1372:
1022:
502:
250:
166:
1486:
1354:
1235:
783:
714:
706:
525:
213:
30:
951:
Knizhin IB, Weiss SJ, Sushnik S (2006) Graylings of Baikal lake basin (
902:(Pisces: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae: Thymallinae) with taxonomic notes".
1346:
1188:
1032:
852:. East Stoke, Wareham, U.K.: Institute of Freshwater Ecology. p. 3
721:
702:
651:
639:
242:
126:
116:
1514:
1359:
1302:
232:
76:
1197:
942:
Catalog of Fishes. California
Academy of Sciences (1.3.2021 version)
1519:
1471:
1307:
1220:
883:
698:
310:
96:
768:
623:
the Arctic grayling, is widespread throughout
Eurasia east of the
1506:
1294:
779:
710:
647:
608:
604:
587:
The fishes of this genus are native to the northern parts of the
955:, Thymallidae): Diversity of forms and their taxonomic status.
840:
600:
86:
778:. The most economically important of these fishes, for which
643:
290:
221:
731:
As they are highly sensitive to changes in water quality,
755:
650:
bone, and most striking of all, their showy, sail-like
969:
Smoliński, Szymon; Glazaczow, Adam (4 December 2019).
677:
The longest of the graylings is the Arctic grayling,
843:"The Ecology and Management of the European Grayling
638:
species are distinguished from other members of the
968:
1599:
642:by their larger scales, their small mouths with
1048:
813:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
619:, the grayling, is widespread in Europe, and
289:originates from the faint smell of the herb
514:Knizhin, Antonov, Safronov & Weiss, 2007
688:
1055:
1041:
39:
1012:
994:
1062:
841:Ingram, A.; Ibbotson, A.; Gallagher, M.
810:
754:
656:
869:
540:also list additional species including
1600:
1202:
1201:
1036:
1613:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
1334:c8268317-fab5-447a-b5f4-480ad2479b87
914:
786:operations exist, are the grayling (
720:The grayling species, typically for
929:: . (published online 25 Nov. 2020)
927:Organisms Diversity & Evolution
293:, which emanates from the flesh.
13:
817:Bulletins of American Paleontology
14:
1634:
743:has largely disappeared from the
1176:
63:
582:
962:
945:
932:
891:
863:
834:
804:
231:and the only genus within the
1:
797:
697:may occasionally be found in
630:
750:
7:
790:) and the Arctic grayling (
10:
1639:
996:10.1038/s41598-019-55000-5
304:
1461:
1210:
1185:
1174:
1095:Thymallus baicalolenensis
1074:
735:fishes may be considered
705:, they feed primarily on
552:Thymallus baicalolenensis
411:- yellow-spotted grayling
301:θύμαλλος, "thyme smell".
274:first given to grayling (
198:
193:
172:
165:
60:Scientific classification
58:
47:
38:
23:
873:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
689:Ecology and reproduction
482:- Upper Yenisei grayling
464:- East Siberian grayling
394:Thymallus flavomaculatus
1163:Montana Arctic grayling
1123:Yellow-spotted grayling
1102:Thymallus brevicephalus
811:Sepkoski, Jack (2002).
534:Modern reviews and the
361:- Baikal white grayling
343:- Baikal black grayling
265:
1618:Ray-finned fish genera
1148:Upper Yenisei grayling
1143:East Siberian grayling
957:Journal of Ichthyology
771:
701:conditions. Generally
674:
611:, as well as northern
366:Thymallus brevirostris
270:The name of the genus
1433:Paleobiology Database
758:
660:
556:Matveyev et al., 2005
516:- Lower Amur grayling
501:- European grayling (
469:Thymallus svetovidovi
348:Thymallus brevipinnis
334:Thymallus baicalensis
285:by Swedish zoologist
1329:Fauna Europaea (new)
1113:Thymallus burejensis
444:Thymallus nigrescens
439:- Kamchatka grayling
380:Thymallus burejensis
375:- Mongolian grayling
1158:Lower Amur grayling
987:2019NatSR...918358S
887:. May 2015 version.
845:Thymallus thymallus
765:Thymallus thymallus
595:, ranging from the
561:Thymallus ligericus
543:Thymallus nikolskyi
521:Thymallus yaluensis
510:Thymallus tugarinae
487:Thymallus thymallus
430:Thymallus mertensii
278:) described in the
255:Thymallus thymallus
175:Thymallus thymallus
1133:Kamchatka grayling
1108:Mongolian grayling
975:Scientific Reports
875:"Species in genus
772:
675:
565:Persat et al, 2019
462:Valenciennes, 1848
458:Thymallus pallasii
453:- Kosogol grayling
319:Thymallus arcticus
51:Thymallus arcticus
1595:
1594:
1567:Open Tree of Life
1420:Open Tree of Life
1204:Taxon identifiers
1195:
1194:
1153:European grayling
1079:Adriatic grayling
904:Bulletin Lampetra
745:Great Lakes Basin
737:indicator species
537:Catalog of Fishes
529:
515:
500:
481:
463:
452:
438:
424:
410:
389:- Bureya grayling
388:
374:
360:
342:
329:- Arctic grayling
328:
297:derives from the
260:European grayling
205:
204:
161:
142:
48:Arctic grayling (
1630:
1588:
1587:
1575:
1574:
1562:
1561:
1549:
1548:
1546:NHMSYS0000544766
1536:
1535:
1523:
1522:
1510:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1454:
1453:
1441:
1440:
1428:
1427:
1415:
1414:
1402:
1401:
1399:NHMSYS0000544767
1389:
1388:
1376:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1350:
1349:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1323:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1297:
1285:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1259:
1258:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1199:
1198:
1180:
1138:Kosogol grayling
1057:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1016:
998:
966:
960:
949:
943:
936:
930:
918:
912:
911:
895:
889:
888:
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
851:
838:
832:
831:
829:
828:
808:
566:
557:
548:
524:
513:
490:
472:
461:
447:
433:
419:
416:Thymallus grubii
397:
383:
369:
351:
337:
322:
280:1758 edition of
156:
140:
68:
67:
43:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1623:Holarctic fauna
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1431:
1423:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1306:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1206:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1172:
1089:Baikal grayling
1084:Arctic grayling
1070:
1061:
1031:
1030:
967:
963:
950:
946:
937:
933:
919:
915:
896:
892:
868:
864:
855:
853:
849:
839:
835:
826:
824:
809:
805:
800:
753:
691:
663:Arctic grayling
640:salmonid family
633:
593:Nearctic realms
585:
564:
555:
547:Kaschenko, 1899
546:
530:- Yalu grayling
425:- Amur grayling
307:
282:Systema Naturae
268:
245:. Although all
229:ray-finned fish
189:
178:
155:
139:
62:
34:
27:
17:
16:Genus of fishes
12:
11:
5:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1576:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1524:
1511:
1498:
1483:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1351:
1338:
1325:
1316:Fauna Europaea
1312:
1299:
1286:
1273:
1260:
1247:
1232:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:Loire grayling
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1028:
961:
944:
938:Eschmeyer F. [
931:
913:
890:
871:Froese, Rainer
862:
833:
802:
801:
799:
796:
776:public aquaria
752:
749:
690:
687:
671:Colville River
632:
629:
625:Ural Mountains
597:United Kingdom
584:
581:
577:T. baicalensis
573:T. brevipinnis
569:T. baicalensis
532:
531:
517:
506:
483:
465:
454:
440:
426:
412:
390:
376:
362:
344:
330:
306:
303:
267:
264:
214:commonly known
203:
202:
196:
195:
191:
190:
179:
170:
169:
163:
162:
148:
144:
143:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
107:Actinopterygii
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
45:
44:
36:
35:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1635:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1169:
1168:Yalu grayling
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:Amur grayling
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
958:
954:
948:
941:
935:
928:
924:
917:
909:
905:
901:
894:
886:
885:
880:
878:
872:
866:
848:
846:
837:
822:
818:
814:
807:
803:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
766:
762:
757:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
686:
684:
683:T. thymallus,
680:
672:
668:
664:
659:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:North America
610:
606:
602:
599:and northern
598:
594:
590:
580:
578:
574:
570:
563:
562:
554:
553:
545:
544:
539:
538:
527:
523:
522:
518:
512:
511:
507:
504:
498:
494:
489:
488:
484:
479:
475:
471:
470:
466:
460:
459:
455:
450:
449:Dorogostaisky
446:
445:
441:
436:
432:
431:
427:
422:
418:
417:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:
391:
386:
382:
381:
377:
372:
368:
367:
363:
358:
354:
350:
349:
345:
340:
336:
335:
331:
326:
321:
320:
316:
315:
314:
312:
309:According to
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:Carl Linnaeus
284:
283:
277:
273:
263:
261:
257:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:
201:
197:
192:
187:
183:
177:
176:
171:
168:
164:
159:
154:
153:
149:
146:
145:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:Salmoniformes
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
61:
57:
53:
52:
46:
42:
37:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1462:
1211:
1100:
1093:
1065:
1064:
981:(1): 18358.
978:
974:
964:
959:46, 418-435.
956:
952:
947:
934:
926:
922:
916:
907:
903:
899:
893:
882:
876:
865:
854:. Retrieved
844:
836:
825:. Retrieved
820:
816:
806:
791:
788:T. thymallus
787:
773:
764:
740:
732:
730:
725:
719:
695:T. thymallus
694:
692:
682:
678:
676:
666:
635:
634:
621:T. arcticus,
620:
617:T. thymallus
616:
586:
583:Distribution
576:
572:
568:
559:
550:
541:
535:
533:
519:
508:
503:type species
485:
467:
456:
442:
435:Valenciennes
428:
414:
392:
378:
364:
346:
332:
317:
308:
294:
281:
276:T. thymallus
275:
271:
269:
253:
251:type species
246:
235:
217:
208:
207:
206:
199:
173:
167:Type species
151:
150:
136:
49:
24:
18:
1493:Thymallinae
1487:Wikispecies
1463:Thymallinae
1355:iNaturalist
1236:Wikispecies
847:(Linnaeus)"
792:T. arcticus
784:aquaculture
741:T. arcticus
715:zooplankton
707:crustaceans
679:T. arcticus
669:) from the
667:T. arcticus
652:dorsal fins
236:Thymallinae
137:Thymallinae
133:Subfamily:
33:to Present
31:Pleistocene
1602:Categories
1189:Salmonidae
1063:Grayling (
910:: 103–126.
856:2014-02-27
827:2008-01-07
798:References
703:omnivorous
631:Appearance
589:Palearctic
353:Svetovidov
243:Salmonidae
226:freshwater
141:Gill, 1885
127:Salmonidae
1608:Thymallus
1256:Thymallus
1242:Thymallus
1212:Thymallus
1066:Thymallus
1005:2045-2322
953:Thymallus
923:Thymallus
900:Thymallus
877:Thymallus
780:fisheries
759:Catch of
751:Human use
733:Thymallus
726:Thymallus
722:salmonids
673:of Alaska
648:maxillary
636:Thymallus
295:Thymallus
272:Thymallus
247:Thymallus
233:subfamily
218:graylings
209:Thymallus
200:See text
152:Thymallus
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
25:Thymallus
1507:58966728
1478:Q2068591
1472:Wikidata
1295:46563158
1221:Wikidata
1187:Family:
1023:31798001
884:FishBase
761:grayling
699:brackish
493:Linnaeus
421:Dybowski
339:Dybowski
311:FishBase
194:Species
182:Linnaeus
123:Family:
97:Chordata
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
1347:5203981
1227:Q256739
1014:6892815
983:Bibcode
925:spp.).
769:Lapland
711:insects
646:on the
609:Siberia
605:Eurasia
603:across
526:T. Mori
474:Knizhin
403:Antonov
399:Knizhin
385:Antonov
371:Kessler
359:), 1931
327:, 1776)
305:Species
238:of the
220:, is a
147:Genus:
113:Order:
103:Class:
1585:154223
1572:936927
1559:504569
1533:623285
1520:1TYMLF
1451:154242
1425:185361
1386:162015
1321:304778
1308:1TYMLG
1021:
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713:, and
601:Europe
528:, 1928
480:, 2009
476:&
451:, 1923
437:, 1848
423:, 1869
409:, 2006
405:&
387:, 2004
373:, 1879
341:, 1874
325:Pallas
258:, the
240:family
160:, 1790
1580:WoRMS
1446:WoRMS
1438:35527
1412:36184
1373:96725
1360:51360
1269:71160
850:(PDF)
823:: 560
661:Four
644:teeth
478:Weiss
407:Weiss
299:Greek
291:thyme
222:genus
158:Linck
1554:NCBI
1528:ITIS
1515:EPPO
1407:NCBI
1381:ITIS
1342:GBIF
1303:EPPO
1282:7WHT
1264:BOLD
1019:PMID
1001:ISSN
908:VIII
782:and
591:and
571:and
558:and
497:1758
266:Name
186:1758
1541:NBN
1502:EoL
1394:NBN
1368:ISC
1290:EoL
1277:CoL
1251:ADW
1009:PMC
991:doi
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224:of
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