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2406:. The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat. Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks. They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat. The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far. When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth. A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food. In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles. Tiger monitoring over six years in
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corridors, protecting tiger prey species, thwarting tiger killing and illegal trade of its body parts and promoting public awareness through wildlife education programmes. Bhutan's first Tiger Action Plan implemented during 2006–2015 revolved around habitat conservation, human–wildlife conflict management, education and awareness; the second Action Plan aimed at increasing the country's tiger population by 20% until 2023 compared to 2015. In 2009, the
Bangladesh Tiger Action Plan was initiated to stabilise the country's tiger population, maintain habitat and a sufficient prey base, improve law enforcement and foster cooperation between governmental agencies responsible for tiger conservation. The Thailand Tiger Action Plan
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also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days. It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough, usually within 30 m (98 ft). If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further. A tiger can sprint 56 km/h (35 mph) and leap 10 m (33 ft); it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.
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seizures in
Thailand involved mostly captive-bred tigers. Seizures in Nepal between January 2011 and December 2015 obtained 585 pieces of tiger body parts and two whole carcasses in 19 districts. Seizure data from India during 2001–2021 indicate that tiger skins were the most often traded body parts, followed by claws, bones and teeth; trafficking routes mainly passed through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Assam. A total of 292 illegal tiger parts were confiscated at US ports of entry from personal baggage, air cargo and mail between 2003 and 2012.
2020:
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2144:, a characteristic curled-lip grimace, when smelling urine markings. Males also use the flehmen to detect the markings made by tigresses in oestrus. Tigers will move their ears around to display the white spots, particularly during aggressive encounters and between mothers and cubs. They also use their tails to signal their mood. To show cordiality, the tail sticks up and sways slowly, while an apprehensive tiger lowers its tail or wags it side-to-side. When calm, the tail hangs low.
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2924:. In Nepal and Bangladesh, it has been protected since 1973. Since 1976, it has been totally protected under Malaysia's Protection of Wild Life Act, and the country's Wildlife Conservation Act enacted in 2010 increased punishments for wildlife-related crimes. In Indonesia, it has been protected since 1990. In China, the trade in tiger body parts was banned in 1993. The Thai Wildlife Preservation and Protection Act was enacted in 2019 to combat poaching and trading of body parts.
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3264:. Private collectors are thought to be ill-equipped to provide proper care for tigers, which compromises their welfare. They can also threaten public safety by allowing people to interact with them. The keeping of tigers and other big cats by private people was banned in the US in 2022. Most countries in the European Union have banned breeding and keeping tigers outside of licensed zoos and rescue centres, but some still allow private holdings.
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at a kill. Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts. A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females. Radio-collared tigers in
Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months. Young females are
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3209:. Tigers and other exotic animals were mainly used for the entertainment of elites but from the 19th century onward, they were exhibited more to the public. Tigers were particularly big attractions and their captive population soared. In 2020, there were over 8,000 captive tigers in Asia, over 5,000 in the US and no less than 850 in Europe. There are more tigers in captivity than in the wild. Captive tigers may display
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1591:, on the front feet and four on the back, all of which have retractile claws that are compact and curved, and can reach 10 cm (3.9 in) long. The ears are rounded and the eyes have a round pupil. The snout ends in a triangular, pink tip with small black dots, the number of which increase with age. The tiger's skull is robust, with a constricted front region, proportionally small, elliptical
1619:. Male Sumatran tigers weigh 100–140 kg (220–310 lb), and females weigh 75–110 kg (165–243 lb). The tiger is popularly thought to be the largest living felid species; but since tigers of the different subspecies and populations vary greatly in size and weight, the tiger's average size may be less than the lion's, while the largest tigers are bigger than their lion counterparts.
2009:, 14 females had home ranges 248–520 km (96–201 sq mi) and five resident males of 847–1,923 km (327–742 sq mi) that overlapped with those of up to five females. When tigresses in the same reserve had cubs of up to four months of age, they reduced their home ranges to stay near their young and steadily enlarged them until their offspring were 13–18 months old.
3121:. This tigress suffered from broken teeth and was unable to kill normal prey. Modern authors speculate that sustaining on meagre human flesh forced the cat to kill more and more. Tiger attacks were particularly high in Singapore during the mid-19th century, when plantations expanded into the tiger's habitat. In the 1840s, the number of deaths in the area ranged from 200 to 300 annually.
2084:. Though tigers mostly live alone, relationships between individuals can be complex. Tigers are particularly social at kills and a male tiger will sometimes share a carcass with the females and cubs within this home range and unlike male lions, will allow them to feed on the kill before he is finished with it. However, a female is more tense when encountering another female at a kill.
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stripes, which are uniquely patterned in each individual. The stripes are mostly vertical, but those on the limbs and forehead are horizontal. They are more concentrated towards the back and those on the trunk may reach under the belly. The tips of stripes are generally sharp and some may split up or split and fuse again. Tail stripes are thick bands and a black tip marks the end.
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Anti-poaching operations were also established in Nepal in 2010, with increased cooperation and intelligence sharing between agencies. These policies have led to many years of "zero poaching" and the country's tiger population has doubled in a decade. Anti-poaching patrols in the 1,200 km (460 sq mi) large core area of
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542:, defending these from individuals of the same sex. The range of a male tiger overlaps with that of multiple females with whom he mates. Females give birth to usually two or three cubs that stay with their mother for about two years. When becoming independent, they leave their mother's home range and establish their own.
3129:. Victims of these attacks are local villagers who enter the tiger's domain to collect resources like wood and honey. Fishermen have been particularly common targets. Methods to counter tiger attacks have included face masks worn backwards, protective clothes, sticks and carefully stationed electric dummies.
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Tandin, T.; Penjor, U.; Tempa, T.; Dhendup, P.; Dorji, S.; Wangdi, S. & Moktan, V. (2018). Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan (2018-2023): A landscape approach to tiger conservation (Report). Thimphu, Bhutan: Nature
Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture
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Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. &
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have progressed and tiger reintroduction is planned for 2025. Reintroduction of tigers is considered possible in eastern
Cambodia, once management of protected areas is improved and forest loss stabilized. South China tigers are kept and bred in Chinese zoos, with plans to reintroduce their offspring
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along the China–Russia border. In China, tigers became the target of large-scale 'anti-pest' campaigns in the early 1950s, where suitable habitats were fragmented following deforestation and resettlement of people to rural areas, who hunted tigers and prey species. Though tiger hunting was prohibited
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The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills. One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died. By defending his home
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After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill
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females in
Chitwan dispersed between 0 and 43.2 km (0.0 and 26.8 mi) and 10 males between 9.5 and 65.7 km (5.9 and 40.8 mi). A subadult male lives as a transient in another male's home range until he is older and strong enough to challenge the resident male. Tigers mark their home
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Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in
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Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.;
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has called it "a rare combination of courage, ferocity and brilliant colour", while Candy d'Sa calls it "fierce and commanding on the outside, but noble and discerning on the inside". In a 2004 online poll involving more than 50,000 people from 73 countries, the tiger was voted the world's favourite
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Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn. Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often. Families hunt together when cubs are old enough. They search for prey using vision and hearing. A tiger will
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to signal their presence to other individuals over long distances. This vocalisation is forced through an open mouth as it closes and can be heard 3 km (1.9 mi) away. They roar multiple times in a row and others respond in kind. Tigers also roar during mating and a mother will roar to call
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The tiger's coat usually has short hairs, reaching up to 35 mm (1.4 in), though the hairs of the northern-living
Siberian tiger can reach 105 mm (4.1 in). Belly hairs tend to be longer than back hairs. The density of their fur is usually thin, though the Siberian tiger develops a
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coupled with mining activities and high hunting pressure threatens the tiger population. In
Thailand, nine of 15 protected areas hosting tigers are isolated and fragmented, offering a low probability for dispersal between them; four of these have not harboured tigers since about 2013. In Peninsular
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This tiger was described based on an unspecified number of skins with short and smooth hair. Tigers from Java were small compared to tigers of the Asian mainland, had relatively elongated skulls compared to the
Sumatran tiger and longer, thinner and more numerous stripes. The Javan tiger is thought
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Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.;
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Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.;
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Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.;
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in 2,205 seizures in 28 countries; seizures encompassed 665 live and 654 dead individuals, 1,313 whole tiger skins, 16,214 body parts like bones, teeth, paws, claws, whiskers and 1.1 t (1.1 long tons; 1.2 short tons) of meat; 759 seizures in India encompassed body parts of 893 tigers; and 403
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The tiger has a head-body length of 1.4–2.8 m (4 ft 7 in – 9 ft 2 in) with a 0.6–1.1 m (2 ft 0 in – 3 ft 7 in) tail and stands 0.8–1.1 m (2 ft 7 in – 3 ft 7 in) at the shoulder. The
Siberian and Bengal tigers
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the offspring of a male tiger and a female lion. The lion sire passes on a growth-promoting gene, but the corresponding growth-inhibiting gene from the female tiger is absent, so that ligers grow far larger than either parent species. By contrast, the male tiger does not pass on a growth-promoting
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Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N.
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covering an area of 75,796 km (29,265 sq mi) have been established in the country up to 2022. Myanmar's national tiger conservation strategy developed in 2003 comprises management tasks such as restoration of degraded habitats, increasing the extent of protected areas and wildlife
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for attacks by tigers and for excitement. Tiger body parts like skins, bones, teeth and hair are consumed locally by wealthy Bangladeshis and are illegally trafficked from Bangladesh to 15 countries including India, China, Malaysia, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Japan and the United Kingdom via land
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all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals. A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking. Younger, transient
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that varies from yellowish to reddish. White fur covers the underside, from head to tail, along with the inner surface of the legs and parts of the face. On the back of the ears, it has a prominent white spot, which is surrounded by black. The tiger is marked with distinctive black or dark brown
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and reestablish populations in three potential landscapes until 2022. The Indonesian National Tiger Recovery Program ratified in 2010 aimed at increasing the Sumatran tiger population by 2022. The third strategic and action plan for the conservation of the Sumatran tiger for the years 2020–2030
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Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than 183 m (600 ft), though they have been recorded dragging them 549 m (1,801 ft). They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before
1972:
The tiger is a powerful swimmer and easily transverses rivers as wide as 8 km (5.0 mi); it immerses in water, particularly on hot days. In general, it is less capable of climbing trees than many other cats due to its size, but cubs under 16 months old may routinely do so. An adult was
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lead to a decrease of poaching frequency from 34 detected incidents in 2015–2016 to 20 incidents during 2018–2019; the arrest of seven poaching teams and removal of snares facilitated the survival of three resident female tigers and at least 11 cubs. Army and police officers are deployed for
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The tiger is a long-ranging species and individuals disperse over distances of up to 650 km (400 mi) to reach tiger populations in other areas. Young tigresses establish their first home ranges close to their mothers' while males migrate further than their female counterparts. Four
1904:
of 12–17 individuals per 100 km (39 sq mi) in an area of 521 km (201 sq mi). In northern Myanmar, the population density in a sampled area of roughly 3,250 km (1,250 sq mi) in a mosaic of tropical broadleaf forest and grassland was estimated to be
2410:
indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age. Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.
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Increases in anti-poaching patrol efforts in four Russian protected areas during 2011–2014 contributed to reducing poaching, stabilising the tiger population and improving protection of ungulate populations. Poaching and trafficking were declared to be moderate and serious crimes in 2019.
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study of 32 samples from the six living putative subspecies—the Bengal, Malayan, Indochinese, South China, Siberian and Sumatran tiger—found them to be distinct and separate clades. These results were corroborated in 2021 and 2023. The Cat Specialist Group states that "Given the varied
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since 1986 and the global tiger population is thought to have continuously declined from an estimated population of 5,000–8,262 tigers in the late 1990s to 3,726–5,578 individuals estimated as of 2022. During 2001–2020, landscapes where tigers live declined from 1,025,488 km
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during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities. Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities. Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity. In
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Hötte, M. H.; Kolodin, I. A.; Bereznuk, S. L.; Slaght, J. C.; Kerley, L. L.; Soutyrina, S. V.; Salkina, G. P.; Zaumyslova, O. Y.; Stokes, E. J. & Miquelle, D. G. (2016). "Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger
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sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)".
2920:, banning trade of live tigers and their body parts. In Russia, hunting the tiger has been banned since 1952. In Bhutan, it has been protected since 1969 and enlisted as totally protected since 1995. Since 1972, it has been afforded the highest protection level under India's
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in India that is dated to 5,000–6,000 years ago. They were hunted throughout their range in Asia, chased on horseback, elephant-back or even with sled dogs and killed with spears and later firearms. Such hunts were conducted both by native governments and empires like the
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such as pacing or inactivity. Modern zoos are able to reduce such behaviours with exhibits designed so the animals can move between separate but connected enclosures. Enrichment items are also important for the cat's welfare and the stimulation of its natural behaviours.
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males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off. During courtship, the male is cautious with the female as he waits for her to show signs she is ready to mate. She signals to him by positioning herself in
4098:
Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L. (2023).
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Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J. (2008). "Subspecies genetic assignments of worldwide captive tigers increase conservation value of captive populations".
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typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him. Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.
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study indicate that all living tigers have a common ancestor that lived between 108,000 and 72,000 years ago. Genetic studies suggest that the tiger population contracted around 115,000 years ago due to glaciation. Modern tiger populations originated from a
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with both white and wideband loci. The breeding of white tigers is controversial, as they have no use for conservation. Only 0.001% of wild tigers have the genes for this colour morph and the overrepresentation of white tigers in captivity is the result of
1993:, the size of which mainly depends on prey abundance, geographic area and sex of the individual. Males and females defend their home ranges from those of the same sex and the home range of a male encompasses that of multiple females. Two females in the
2287:. Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves. Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the
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in both Nepal and India. Corridors in forested areas with low human encroachment are highly suitable. In West Sumatra, 12 wildlife corridors were identified as high priority for mitigating human–wildlife conflicts. In 2019, China and Russia signed a
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gene while the lioness passes on a growth inhibiting gene; hence, tigons are around the same size as their parents. Since they often develop life threatening birth defects and can easily become obese, breeding these hybrids is regarded as unethical.
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Lam, W. Y.; Phung, C. C.; Mat, Z. A.; Jamaluddin, H.; Sivayogam, C. P.; Zainal Abidin, F. A.; Sulaiman, A.; Cheok, M. K. Y.; Osama, N. A. W.; Sabaan, S.; Abu Hashim, A. K.; Booton, M. D.; Harihar, A.; Clements, G. R. & Pickles, R. S. A. (2023).
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Fauna Japonica sive Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825–1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit Ph. Fr. de
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Gray, T. N.; Rosenbaum, R.; Jiang, G.; Izquierdo, P.; Yongchao, J .I. N.; Kesaro, L.; Lyet, A.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Patterson, D. J.; Channa, P.; Jinzhe, Q. I.; Ripple, W. J.; Roberts, J. L.; Roy, S.; Shwe, N. M.; Wolf, C. & Chapman, S. (2023).
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The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a
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secretions and ground scrapings. Scent markings also allow an individual to pick up information on another's identity. Unclaimed home ranges, particularly those that belonged to a deceased individual, can be taken over in days or weeks.
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that differ from the Indochinese tiger. It does not differ significantly in fur colour or skull size from Indochinese tigers. There is no clear geographical barrier between tiger populations in northern Malaysia and southern Thailand.
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animal with 21% of the vote, narrowly beating the dog. Similarly, a 2018 study found the tiger to be the most popular wild animal based on surveys, as well as appearances on websites of major zoos and posters of some animated movies.
3249:. The act ended in 2003 when a tiger attacked Roy during a performance. In 2009, tigers were the most traded circus animals. The use of tigers and other animals in shows would eventually decline in many countries due to pressure from
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Pisdamkham, C.; Prayurasiddhi, T.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Maneesai, R.; Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Simcharoen, A.; Pattanavibool, R.; Maneerat, S.; Prayoon, U.; Cutter, P. G. & Smith, J. L. D. (2010).
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The tiger has a typical felid morphology, with a muscular body, shortened legs, strong forelimbs with wide front paws, a large head and a tail that is about half the length of the rest of its body. It has five digits, including a
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3233:, who used chairs, whips and guns to provoke tigers and other beasts into acting fierce and allowed him to appear courageous. He would perform with as many as 40 tigers and lions in one act. From the 1960s onward, trainers like
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landscape removed 362 tiger snare traps and seized 91 tiger skins during 2005–2016; annual poaching rates increased with rising skin prices. Poaching is also the main threat to the tiger population in far eastern Russia, where
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Rahman, H.; Hidayat, R. H.; Nofrizal, A. Y.; Wilastra, I. & Nasution, A. F. R. (2023). "Priority corridor zone for human-tiger conflict mitigation: A landscape connectivity approach in West Sumatra region, Indonesia".
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Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover. Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in
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Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M. (2021). "The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers".
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have also been reported. More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves. They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements. Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for
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her cubs to her. When tense, tigers moan, a sound similar to a roar but softer and made when the mouth is at least partially closed. Moaning can be heard 400 m (1,300 ft) away. Aggressive encounters involve
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Godfrey, D.; Lythgoe, J. N. & Rumball, D. A. (1987). "Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis".
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Rozhnov, V. V.; Naidenko, S. V.; Hernandez–Blanco, J. A.; Chistopolova, M. D.; Sorokin, P. A.; Yachmennikova, A. A.; Blidchenko, E. Yu.; Kalinin, A. Yu. & Kastrikin, V. A. (2021). "Restoration of the Amur Tiger
2001:, the home ranges of five reintroduced females varied from 53–67 km (20–26 sq mi) in winter to 55–60 km (21–23 sq mi) in summer and to 46–94 km (18–36 sq mi) during the
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and had brighter fur and a smaller skull than the Javan tiger. A typical feature of Bali tiger skulls is the narrow occipital bone, which is similar to the Javan tiger's skull. The tiger went extinct in the 1940s.
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Srivathsa, A.; Ramachandran, V.; Saravanan, P.; Sureshbabu, A.; Ganguly, D. & Ramakrishnan, U. (2023). "Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes".
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has also been cited as a major threat to tiger populations. Interviews with local people in the Bangladeshi Sundarbans revealed that they kill tigers for local consumption and trade of skins, bones and meat, in
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as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females. A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.
5985:
Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in
3969:
9315:
8204:
Petrunenko, Y. K.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. S.; Mukhacheva, A. S.; Rybin, N. N. & Miquelle, D. G. (2019). "How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?".
5435:
Zhao, C.; Dai, W.; Liu, Q.; Liu, D.; Roberts, N. J.; Liu, Z.; Gong, M.; Qiu, H.; Liu, C.; Liu, D.; Ma, G. & Jiang, G. (2024). "Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age".
2650:
Body parts of 207 tigers were detected during 21 surveys in 1991–2014 in two wildlife markets in Myanmar catering to customers in Thailand and China. During the years 2000–2022, at least 3,377 tigers were
9654:
Singh, R.; Nigam, P.; Qureshi, Q.; Sankar, K.; Krausman, P. R.; Goyal, S. P. & Nicholoson, K. L. (2015). "Characterizing human–tiger conflict in and around Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India".
2005:; three males had 84–147 km (32–57 sq mi) large home ranges in winter, 82–98 km (32–38 sq mi) in summer and 81–118 km (31–46 sq mi) during monsoon seasons. In
2625:
Tiger populations in India have been targeted by poachers since the 1990s and were extirpated in two tiger reserves in 2005 and 2009. Between March 2017 and January 2020, 630 activities of hunters using
10582:
8633:
Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G. (2010). "Morbillivirus infection in a wild Siberian tiger in the Russian Far East".
5180:
Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J. (2023). "Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event".
6150:
Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah (2011).
1489:, noting that its proposed differences from that species fell within the range of individual variation. The earliest appearance of the modern tiger species in the fossil record are jaw fragments from
10714:
Gray, T. N. E.; Crouthers, R.; Ramesh, K.; Vattakaven, J.; Borah, J.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Lim, T.; Phan, C.; Singh, R.; Long, B. & Chapman, S. (2017). "A framework for assessing readiness for Tiger
6522:
Yang, H.; Han, S.; Xie, B.; Mou, P.; Kou, X.; Wang, T.; Ge, J. & Feng, L. (2019). "Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers (
1679:
of Bengal tigers – nearly stripeless snow-white, white and golden – are now virtually non-existent in the wild due to the reduction of wild tiger populations but continue in captive populations. The
5785:
Xu, X.; Dong, G. X.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Zhang, X. L.; Zhuang, Y.; Fang, R.; Sun, X.; Hu, X. S.; Zhang, T. Y.; Yang, H. D.; Zhang, D. L.; Marker, L.; Jiang, Z.-F.; Li, R. & Luo, S.-J. (2017).
2227:
and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas. It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like
2080:
has been established, a male may tolerate a subordinate within his range, as long as they do not come near him. The most serious disputes tend to occur between two males competing for a female in
10054:
11315:
5495:
3229:, who became a big draw and had a long career. She was well known for being able to control the tigers despite being a small woman; using "manly" tools like whips and guns. Another trainer was
1607:. It resembles a lion's skull, but differs from it in the concave or flattened underside of the lower jaw and in its longer nasals. The tiger has 30 fairly robust teeth and its somewhat curved
1477:
lived around the same time and place, and was suggested to be a sister species of the modern tiger when it was examined in 2014. However, as of 2023, at least two subsequent studies considered
9772:
Lubis, M. I.; Pusparini, W.; Prabowo, S. A.; Marthy, W.; Tarmizi; Andayani, N. & Linkie, M. (2020). "Unraveling the complexity of human–tiger conflicts in the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra".
2677:. "Tiger farm" facilities in China and Southeast Asia breed tigers for their parts, but these appear to make the threat to wild populations worse by increasing the demand for tiger products.
797:
of several tiger subspecies was questioned in 1999 as most putative subspecies were distinguished on the basis of fur length and colouration, striping patterns and body size of specimens in
1778:
and Indochina to southeastern Siberia, Sumatra, Java and Bali. As of 2022, it inhabits less than 7% of its historical distribution and has a scattered range in the Indian subcontinent, the
1138:
597:
as they attack and prey on livestock in areas where natural prey is scarce. The tiger is legally protected in all range countries. National conservation measures consist of action plans,
9682:
Chowdhurym, A. N.; Mondal, R.; Brahma, A. & Biswas, M. K. (2016). "Ecopsychosocial aspects of human–tiger conflict: An ethnographic study of tiger widows of Sundarban Delta, India".
7228:
Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N.; Intanajitjuy, P.; Inrueang, P. & Prempree, K. (2021). "The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia".
2076:
Male tigers are generally less tolerant of other males within their home ranges than females are of other females. Disputes are usually solved by intimidation rather than fighting. Once
1691:
is pale golden with reddish-brown stripes. The snow-white tiger is a morph with extremely faint stripes and a pale sepia-brown ringed tail. White and golden morphs are the result of an
3025:
9192:
Linkie, M.; Martyr, D.; Harihar, A.; Mardiah, S.; Hodgetts, T.; Risdianto, D.; Subchaan, M. & Macdonald, D. (2018). "Asia's economic growth and its impact on Indonesia's tigers".
8806:
Suttidate, N.; Steinmetz, R.; Lynam, A. J.; Sukmasuang, R.; Ngoprasert, D.; Chutipong, W.; Bateman, B. L.; Jenks, K. E.; Baker-Whatton, M.; Kitamura, S. & Ziółkowska, E. (2021).
2140:
each other's bodies. Facial expressions include the "defence threat", which involves a wrinkled face, bared teeth, pulled-back ears and widened pupils. Both males and females show a
7985:
Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N. & Chutipong, W. (2013). "Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores".
6613:
Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K. (2016). "Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (
1786:. As of 2020, India had the largest extent of global tiger habitat with 300,508 km (116,027 sq mi), followed by Russia with 195,819 km (75,606 sq mi).
2634:
was considered the last important site for the tiger in Laos, but it has not been recorded there at least since 2013; this population likely fell victim to indiscriminate snaring.
3430:, tigers are seen as protectors against evil spirits and their image was used to decorate homes, tombs and articles of clothing. In the folklore of Malaysia and Indonesia, "tiger
8232:
Robinson, H. S.; Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Miller, C. S. & Seryodkin, I. V. (2015). "Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same".
2335:, the average weight for tiger kills was found to be 91.5 kg (202 lb), compared to 37.6 kg (83 lb) for leopards and 43.4 kg (96 lb) for dholes. In
4662:
1615:
are the largest. Male Bengal tigers weigh 200–260 kg (440–570 lb), and females weigh 100–160 kg (220–350 lb); island tigers are the smallest, likely due to
3874:
Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C. (2015).
17881:
8949:
Wang, D.; Smith, J. L.; Accatino, F.; Ge, J. & Wang, T. (2023). "Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia".
2984:
are important conservation measures as they facilitate tiger populations to connect between protected areas; tigers use at least nine corridors that were established in the
9632:
11733:]. Vol. II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) (Second ed.). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 95–202.
6479:
Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P. (2019). "Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal".
488:. It has a powerful, muscular body with a large head and paws, a long tail and orange fur with black, mostly vertical stripes. It is traditionally classified into nine
9863:
7123:
Peters, G. & Tonkin-Leyhausen, B. A. (1999). "Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)".
10268:
3106:
habitats between wild and agricultural areas. Most attacks on humans are defensive, including protection of young; however, tigers do sometimes see people as prey.
8714:
Schoen, J. M.; Neelakantan, A.; Cushman, S. A.; Dutta, T.; Habib, B.; Jhala, Y. V.; Mondal, I.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reddy, P. A.; Saini, S. & Sharma, S. (2022).
3958:
2613:
9306:
3676:
17876:
9944:. Kathmandu, Nepal: Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment.
4209:
6250:
Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T. (2009). "Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar".
5878:
Sagar, V.; Kaelin, C. B.; Natesh, M.; Reddy, P. A.; Mohapatra, R. K.; Chhattani, H.; Thatte, P.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Biswas, S.; Bhatt, S. & Paul, S. (2021).
6031:"First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India"
3260:
trade, particularly in the United States where only 6% of the captive tiger population in 2020 were being housed in zoos and other facilities approved by the
10146:
8580:
Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D. (2013).
10290:
Chandradewi, D. S.; Semiadi, G.; Pinondang, I.; Kheng, V. & Bahaduri, L. D. (2019). "A decade on: The second collaborative Sumatra-wide Tiger survey".
7302:
Biswas, S.; Kumar, S.; Bandhopadhyay, M.; Patel, S. K.; Lyngdoh, S.; Pandav, B. & Mondol, S. (2023). "What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (
5535:
2953:
revolves around strengthening management of small tiger population units of less than 20 mature individuals and connectivity between 13 forest patches in
2303:
eating and can consume as much as 50 kg (110 lb) of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.
2299:
for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.
1961:
tigers were most active from dawn to early morning and reached their zenith around 7:00 o'clock in the morning. A three-year-long camera trap survey in
10047:
2680:
Local people killing tigers in retaliation for attacking and preying on livestock is a threat in several tiger range countries, as this consequence of
2630:, drift nets, hunting platforms and hunting dogs were discovered in a reserve forest of about 1,000 km (390 sq mi) in southern Myanmar.
920:
This population occurred from Turkey to around the Caspian Sea. It had bright rusty-red fur with thin and closely spaced brownish stripes, and a broad
801:
collections that are not necessarily representative for the entire population. It was proposed to recognise only two tiger subspecies as valid, namely
11167:
Damasceno, J.; Genaro, G.; Quirke, T.; McCarthy, S.; McKeown, S. & O'Riordan, R. (2017). "The effects of intrinsic enrichment on captive felids".
9153:"Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam Et-Phou Louey"
5941:
Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K. (2023).
11041:
9913:
9711:
2339:, following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey.
8020:
Thinley, P.; Rajaratnam, R.; Lassoie, J. P.; Morreale, S. J.; Curtis, P. D.; Vernes, K.; Leki Leki; Phuntsho, S.; Dorji, T. & Dorji, P. (2018).
2327:. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing,
10093:
2160:
and hissing. An explosive "coughing roar" or "coughing snarl" is emitted through an open mouth and exposed teeth. In friendlier situations, tigers
1826:
519:
7263:
Variar, A. S.; Anoop, N. R.; Komire, S.; Vinayan, P. A.; Sujin, N. S.; Raj, A. & Prasadan, P. K. (2023). "Prey selection by the Indian tiger (
6838:
3994:
Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J. (2018).
17493:
3631:
Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2998:
1921:, where population density was much lower, estimated at only 0.359 tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi) as of 2016. Population density in
1905:
0.21–0.44 tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi) as of 2009. Population density in mixed deciduous and semi-evergreen forests of Thailand's
16677:
10506:
Rahaman, M. H.; Masroor, M.; Sajjad, H. & Saha, T. K. (2024). "Assessment of habitat suitability and potential corridors for Bengal Tiger (
4914:
Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats,
3102:
In most areas, tigers avoid humans, but attacks are a risk wherever people coexist with them. Dangerous encounters are more likely to occur in
2402:
consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical. Newborn cubs weigh 785–1,610 g (27.7–56.8 oz) and are blind and
1652:
study showing that the striping patterns line up with their environment. The orange colour may also aid in concealment, as the tiger's prey is
17826:
17571:
17532:
16748:
11337:
10583:
Evaluation of the project on transboundary cooperation on the conservation of Amur tigers, Amur leopards and Snow leopards in North-East Asia
5301:
4846:
9945:
6326:
Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M. (2015). "Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change".
3222:
2494:
3568:
Goodrich, J.; Wibisono, H.; Miquelle, D.; Lynam, A.J; Sanderson, E.; Chapman, S.; Gray, T. N. E.; Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A. (2022).
17896:
2601:
coupled with habitat destruction, insufficient prey resources and poaching is a threat to the small and isolated tiger population in the
9229:"Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of a Vulnerable coniferous forest specialist: habitat selection by the Siberian musk deer
1774:
The tiger historically ranged from eastern Turkey, northern Iran and Afghanistan to Central Asia and from northern Pakistan through the
964:-yellow in winter to more reddish and vibrant after moulting. The skull is shorter and broader than the skulls of tigers further south.
5736:"Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system"
17801:
9067:
Jhala, Y.; Gopal, R.; Mathur, V.; Ghosh, P.; Negi, H. S.; Narain, S.; Yadav, S. P.; Malik, A.; Garawad, R. & Qureshi, Q. (2021).
8385:
Pacifici, M.; Santini, L.; Di Marco, M.; Baisero, D.; Francucci, L.; Grottolo Marasini, G.; Visconti, P. & Rondinini, C. (2013).
5707:
4627:
2949:
2647:
roads facilitate access for poachers and people harvesting forest products that are important for prey species to survive in winter.
1522:
and Palawan, Philippines. Fossil specimens of tigers have also been reported from the Middle-Late Pleistocene of Japan. Results of a
820:(mtDNA) traits of all putative tiger subspecies. In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group revised
10467:
Harihar, A.; Pandav, B.; Ghosh-Harihar, M. & Goodrich, J. (2020). "Demographic and ecological correlates of a recovering tiger (
1636:
particularly thick winter coat. The tiger has lines of fur around the face and long whiskers, especially in males. It has an orange
17690:
17467:
10310:
8026:) to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators"
11316:
Guidance Document on the export, re-export and intra-EU trade of captive-born and bred live tigers and their parts and derivatives
4101:"Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation"
3668:
17506:
9624:
2597:
and timber extraction in Cambodia contributed to the fragmentation of potential tiger habitat, especially in the Eastern Plains.
1056:. Indochinese tiger specimens have smaller craniums than Bengal tigers and appear to have darker fur with somewhat thin stripes.
8534:
1789:
The tiger mainly lives in forest habitats and is highly adaptable. Records in Central Asia indicate that it primarily inhabited
17891:
17866:
10118:
Yeh, E. T. (2012). "Transnational environmentalism and entanglements of sovereignty: The Tiger Campaign across the Himalayas".
2331:
and direct killing. Large dhole packs may kill tigers. Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey. In
4529:
Hu, J.; Westbury, M. V.; Yuan, J.; Wang, C.; Xiao, B.; Chen, S.; Song, S.; Wang, L.; Lin, H.; Lai, X. & Sheng, G. (2022).
4235:
3253:
groups and greater desires from the public to see them in more natural settings. Several countries restrict or ban such acts.
1312:
17861:
17816:
17550:
11738:
11637:
11615:
11596:
11492:
10953:
Powell, M. A. (2016). "People in peril, environments at risk: coolies, tigers, and colonial Singapore's ecology of poverty".
9110:"Anthropogenic pressure on large carnivores and their prey in the highly threatened forests of Tanintharyi, southern Myanmar"
8324:
Barlow, A. C. D.; McDougal, C.; Smith, J. L. D.; Gurung, B.; Bhatta, S. R.; Kumal, S.; Mahato, B. & Taman, D. B. (2009).
7044:
5511:
4793:
3847:
2928:
2589:
Malaysia, 8,315.7 km (3,210.7 sq mi) of tiger habitat was cleared during 1988–2012, most of it for industrial
1830:
1496:
Middle- to late-Pleistocene tiger fossils have been found throughout China, Sumatra and Java. Prehistoric subspecies include
1463:
northern China was described as a possible tiger ancestor when it was discovered in 1924, but modern cladistics places it as
1009:
17511:
9854:
3434:" heal the sick by invoking the big cat. People turning into tigers and the inverse has also been widespread; in particular
17901:
3959:"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"
3466:
2565:
for fur and body parts are the major threats that contributed to the decrease of tiger populations in all range countries.
1810:
507:
3005:, that includes the creation of wildlife corridors and bilateral monitoring and patrolling along the Sino-Russian border.
2442:
range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males. When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of
2352:, tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.
1535:. As they colonised northeastern China, the ancestors of the South China tiger intermixed with a relict tiger population.
1200:
had dark fur. The Sumatran tiger has particularly long hair around the face, thick body stripes and a broader and smaller
11847:
10812:
Kothari, A. S.; Chhapgar, B. S.; Chhapgar, B. F., eds. (2005). "The Manpoora Tiger (about a Tiger Hunt in Rajpootanah)".
10267:. Bangkok: Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
10176:
Lynam, A. J.; Khaing, S. T. & Zaw, K. M. (2006). "Developing a national tiger action plan for the Union of Myanmar".
4818:
4339:"Mitochondrial phylogeography illuminates the origin of the extinct Caspian Tiger and its relationship to the Amur Tiger"
3160:
1925:
and montane forests in northern Malaysia was estimated at 1.47–2.43 adult tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi) in
1834:
574:
9227:
Slaght, J. C.; Milakovsky, B.; Maksimova, D. A.; Zaitsev, V. A.; Seryodkin, I.; Panichev, A. & Miquelle, D. (2017).
1256:
837:
interpretations of data, the taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group."
17856:
17846:
11707:
11442:
9383:"The tide of tiger poaching in India is rising! An investigation of the intertwined facts with a focus on conservation"
1906:
17641:
7442:
Fàbregas, M. C.; Fosgate, G. T. & Koehler, G. M. (2015). "Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (
4184:
844:
of the tiger as of 2005, and also reflect the classification recognised by the Cat Classification Task Force in 2017.
816:
This two-subspecies proposal was reaffirmed in 2015 through a comprehensive analysis of morphological, ecological and
13217:
11682:
11658:
11577:
10030:
6119:
are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling"
4203:
3261:
3002:
1969:
and active at night with activity peaking at dawn and dusk; they were largely active at the same time as their prey.
1648:
in vegetation with vertical patterns of light and shade, such as trees, reeds and tall grass. This is supported by a
8900:"Future governance options for large-scale land acquisition in Cambodia: impacts on tree cover and tiger landscapes"
6285:
Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T. (2021).
4337:
Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J. (2009).
3825:
3284:
3110:
tigers tend to be old and disabled. Tigers driven from their home ranges are also at risk of turning to man-eating.
2669:
borders, airports and seaports. Tiger bone glue is the prevailing tiger product purchased for medicinal purposes in
924:. Genetic analysis revealed that it was closely related to the Siberian tiger. It has been extinct since the 1970s.
17836:
11766:
4812:; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P. (1978). "Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of
3470:
and he ponders why God would create such different creatures. The tiger is featured in the mediaeval Chinese novel
2921:
570:
167:
17576:
13561:
11693:
10154:
8716:"Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human-dominated tiger-conservation landscape"
6579:
home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species' conservation"
3122:
2631:
2172:. When startled, they "woof". They produce a deer-like "pok" sound for unknown reasons, but most often at kills.
7379:
5690:
10821:
10615:
9970:
Department of Forests and Park Services (2023). "National Tiger Survey 2021–22". Thimphu: Government of Bhutan.
7801:
Karanth, K. U. & Sunquist, M. E. (1995). "Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests".
6652:
Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G. (2010).
3126:
2568:
Protected areas in central India are highly fragmented due to linear infrastructure like roads, railway lines,
2506:
infection was the likely cause of death of a tigress in the Russian Far East that was also tested positive for
2006:
960:
and possibly North Korea. The Siberian tiger has long hair and dense fur. Its ground colour varies widely from
9538:"Tigers at a crossroads: Shedding light on the role of Bangladesh in the illegal trade of this iconic big cat"
6837:
Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. & Weibchen, G. (2008).
3359:, which conversely symbolises the east, yang and springtime. The tiger is one of the animals displayed on the
17851:
17708:
17558:
15779:
11226:
Iossa, G.; Soulsbury, C. D. & Harris, S. (2009). "Are wild animals suited to a travelling circus life?".
3447:
3273:
2403:
2398:
A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.
1528:
625:
9483:
The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)
17831:
4754:
2660:
2639:
1060:
577:, as its range is thought to have declined by 53% to 68% since the late 1990s. Major threats to tigers are
11672:
9909:
6573:
Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A. (2011).
6152:"Population status of a cryptic top predator: An island-wide assessment of Tigers in Sumatran rainforests"
17545:
17405:
15770:
12973:
11818:
8669:
McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E. (2021).
4531:"An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics"
3699:
2994:
2681:
2434:
of the tiger is about 7–10 years. Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years. Data from the International Tiger
1498:
1446:
split from each other between 2.70 and 3.70 million years ago. The tiger's whole genome sequencing shows
1359:
913:
594:
390:
17410:
11347:
10080:
3796:
17723:
17235:
16891:
10639:
10373:"Using a crime prevention framework to evaluate tiger counter-poaching in a Southeast Asian rainforest"
8934:
5228:
Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in
3645:
3016:
tiger cubs have been released into the wild and monitored in India, Sumatra and Russia. In Kazakhstan,
2361:
1962:
1861:
up to an elevation of 4,200 m (13,800 ft) in Bhutan, of 3,630 m (11,910 ft) in the
1700:
545:
Since the early 20th century, tiger populations have lost at least 93% of their historic range and are
15257:
17373:
14096:
11778:
11718:
10588:(Report). Bangkok, Thailand: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
6064:"Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator"
5242:
3394:, the tiger, monkey and deer are the Three Senseless Creatures, with the tiger symbolising anger. In
3364:
3077:
and because of their perceived danger. An estimated 80,000 tigers were killed between 1875 and 1925.
3037:
have led to enough genetic diversity in tigers to act as "insurance against extinction in the wild".
2407:
2349:
2291:, severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a
2189:
2137:
1897:
1692:
1510:
1504:
1339:
1208:
1156:
380:
370:
204:
10219:
Hossain, A. N. M.; Lynam, A. J.; Ngoprasert, D.; Barlow, A.; Barlow, C. G. & Savini, T. (2018).
5786:
4423:"Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent"
3633:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus I (decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p. 41.
3592:
3406:, the goddess of feminine power and peace, whom the gods created to fight demons. Similarly, in the
17154:
17049:
15788:
14078:
13806:
13773:
13749:
13570:
12822:
9725:
Dhungana, R.; Savini, T.; Karki, J. B.; Dhakal, M.; Lamichhane, B. R. & Bumrungsri, S. (2018).
9266:"Trade in tigers and other wild cats in Mong La and Tachilek, Myanmar – A tale of two border towns"
4046:"Recent evolutionary history of tigers highlights contrasting roles of genetic drift and selection"
1965:
revealed that tigers were most active from dusk until midnight. In northeastern China, tigers were
1954:
1918:
35:
6014:
Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan".
5297:
4841:
4483:& Luo, S.-J. (2023). "Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution".
3768:
3622:
3142:
2168:
in smaller cats. Tiger mothers communicate with their cubs by grunting, while cubs call back with
17841:
17806:
16816:
15797:
15528:
15221:
15156:
14538:
14114:
13587:
13109:
11840:
11760:
8456:
8272:
Sadhu, A.; Jayam, P. P. C.; Qureshi, Q.; Shekhawat, R. S.; Sharma, S. & Jhala, Y. V. (2017).
3528:
3340:
3065:
3009:
2936:
2332:
1455:
1447:
945:
833:
11567:
9936:
9862:. New Delhi, Dehradun: National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India.
9442:"Patterns of illegal and legal tiger parts entering the United States over a decade (2003–2012)"
9049:
6913:
Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. & Miquelle, D. (1989). "Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,
495:, though some recognise only two subspecies, mainland Asian tigers and the island tigers of the
17615:
17498:
17335:
17040:
16792:
16605:
16481:
16093:
16075:
15903:
15597:
15588:
15230:
13968:
12760:
8203:
7194:
Hayward, M. W.; Jędrzejewski, W. & Jędrzejewska, B. (2012). "Prey preferences of the tiger
3348:
3234:
3210:
3167:
3021:
3017:
2945:
2593:. Large-scale land acquisitions of about 23,000 km (8,900 sq mi) for commercial
2336:
2097:
1926:
1914:
1909:
was estimated at 2.01 tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi); during the 1970s and 1980s,
1728:
1676:
798:
716:
593:
for fur and the illegal trade of body parts for medicinal purposes. Tigers are also victims of
353:
31:
17:
11104:
10404:
Bhatt, T. R.; Castley, J. G.; Sims-Castley, R.; Bara, H. S. & Chauvenet, A. L. M. (2023).
9108:
Shwe, N. M.; Grainger, M.; Ngoprasert, D.; Aung, S. S.; Grindley, M. & Savini, T. (2023).
8420:"Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (
7844:
Odden, M.; Wegge, P. & Fredriksen, T. (2010). "Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?".
7028:
5091:
Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G. (2014).
4457:
17821:
17610:
17217:
16472:
16454:
16445:
16436:
15921:
15912:
15284:
14054:
14045:
14036:
13985:
13923:
13905:
13896:
13833:
13782:
13620:
13611:
12048:
11035:
9731:: Patterns, correlates, and contexts of human–tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal"
9705:
6798:
Smith, J. L. D. (1993). "The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population".
6688:
6113:
Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S. (2007).
5734:
Fennell, J. G.; Talas, L.; Baddeley, R. J.; Cuthill, I. C. & Scott-Samuel, N. E. (2019).
3300:
2598:
2558:
2443:
1950:
1779:
1750:
gene. Around 37% of the Simlipal tiger population has this feature, which has been linked to
1744:
1713:
1464:
1276:
1189:
1053:
810:
728:
609:
582:
319:
15239:
15135:
10319:(Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology). Delaware: University of Delaware.
8632:
7762:
Karanth, K. U. & Sunquist, M. E. (2000). "Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (
6572:
4422:
3935:
Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in
3241:
was dubbed "the Tiger Whisperer" as she trained the cats to obey her by whispering to them.
1024:
as there has not been a confirmed sighting since the 1970s, and survives only in captivity.
17677:
17636:
17602:
17524:
17441:
17382:
17058:
16959:
16918:
16632:
16143:
15871:
15197:
14262:
14012:
14003:
13959:
13914:
13537:
13043:
12778:
12604:
11382:
10766:
10727:
10654:
10555:
10519:
10480:
10421:
10259:
10232:
10185:
9781:
9590:
9549:
9453:
9394:
9353:
9277:
9201:
9164:
9080:
8911:
8860:
8819:
8727:
8037:
7994:
7941:
7900:
7853:
7810:
7455:
7276:
6854:
6734:
6488:
6433:
6374:
6335:
6298:
6259:
6222:
6163:
6112:
5891:
5190:
5154:
5045:
4975:
4927:
4646:
4492:
4350:
4280:
4007:
3996:"Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers"
3887:
3876:"Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation"
3837:
3523:
2507:
2414:
2387:
2369:
2344:
2077:
1818:
1532:
794:
8231:
5845:
1089:
8:
17298:
17244:
17016:
16463:
16349:
16331:
16176:
16025:
15930:
15180:
15126:
14875:
14617:
14608:
13872:
13145:
13127:
12982:
12831:
12334:
10510:) in Valmiki Tiger Reserve, India, using MaxEnt model and Least-Cost modeling approach".
9342:"Trends, patterns, and networks of illicit wildlife trade in Nepal: A national synthesis"
9226:
6651:
6149:
6047:
6030:
5627:
4867:"Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)"
3821:
3194:
2985:
2554:
2268:
2224:
1998:
1953:
avoided locations frequented by people and were more active at night than during day. In
1838:
1775:
1732:
1717:
1443:
1021:
882:
578:
523:
152:
143:
17387:
14368:
11386:
10770:
10731:
10658:
10559:
10523:
10484:
10444:
10425:
10410:) populations in Nepal: Identification of corridors among tiger-bearing protected areas"
10405:
10236:
10189:
9785:
9594:
9553:
9457:
9398:
9357:
9340:
Paudel, P. K.; Acharya, K. P.; Baral, H. S.; Heinen, J. T. & Jnawali, S. R. (2020).
9281:
9205:
9168:
9084:
8915:
8864:
8823:
8731:
8041:
7998:
7945:
7930:"Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator"
7904:
7857:
7814:
7459:
7280:
6858:
6738:
6492:
6437:
6378:
6339:
6302:
6263:
6226:
6167:
6090:
6063:
5895:
5880:"High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population"
5194:
5158:
5049:
4979:
4931:
4650:
4496:
4354:
4284:
4127:
4100:
4011:
3891:
17113:
16340:
15862:
15552:
15275:
15248:
14511:
14253:
14105:
13208:
13100:
13000:
12940:
12325:
12261:
11938:
11833:
11405:
11370:
11243:
10980:
10053:(Report). Kuala Lumpur: Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia.
9417:
9382:
8750:
8715:
8610:
8581:
8120:
7962:
7929:
7826:
7787:
7729:
7383:
7227:
7140:
6934:
6888:
6757:
6718:
6634:
6543:
6504:
6456:
6421:
6397:
6362:
6211:"Demography of a high-density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery"
6186:
6151:
6080:
5914:
5879:
5814:
5762:
5735:
5720:
5654:
5629:
5529:
5393:
5206:
5117:
5093:"Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats"
5092:
5068:
5033:
5004:
4963:
4891:
4866:
4601:
4555:
4530:
4373:
4338:
4070:
4045:
3908:
3875:
3749:
3741:
3460:" portrays the animal as the duality of beauty and ferocity. It is the sister poem to "
3242:
3125:
caused 1,396 human deaths in the period 1935–2006 according to official records of the
2699:
2693:
2602:
2581:
2523:
2511:
1990:
1966:
1901:
1482:
841:
612:. It has been kept in captivity since ancient times and has been trained to perform in
414:
360:
199:
11126:
Smith, K. D.; Snider, R. J.; Dembiec, D. P.; Siegford, J. M. & Ali, A. B. (2023).
10329:
9809:"Settlements and plantations are sites of human–tiger interactions in Riau, Indonesia"
8846:
8403:
8386:
8019:
6717:
Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. & Ramakrishnan, U. (2013).
6422:"Ranging, activity and habitat use by tigers in the mangrove forests of the Sundarban"
6361:
Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J. (2012).
6287:"Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand"
4809:
4727:
4694:
4581:
3569:
1045:
17871:
17811:
17597:
17418:
16992:
16909:
16689:
16185:
16152:
15076:
14583:
14305:
14087:
13941:
13815:
13699:
13052:
12882:
12840:
12787:
12567:
12549:
12307:
11734:
11703:
11697:
11678:
11654:
11648:
11633:
11611:
11592:
11573:
11488:
11438:
11410:
11184:
11149:
10966:
10899:
10894:
10877:
10817:
10782:
10449:
10403:
10352:
10262:
10218:
10201:
10026:
9422:
8966:
8755:
8696:
8651:
8615:
8526:
8483:
8323:
8249:
7967:
7913:
7880:
7733:
7721:
7640:
7623:
7421:
7245:
7211:
7040:
6930:
6880:
6762:
6638:
6461:
6402:
6191:
6095:
5919:
5819:
5767:
5659:
5507:
5449:
5210:
5122:
5073:
5009:
4943:
4896:
4789:
4732:
4560:
4508:
4378:
4199:
4132:
4075:
4025:
3913:
3853:
3843:
3807:. Vol. Mammalia. Volume 1. London: T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd. pp. 197–210.
3753:
3407:
3328:
2981:
2569:
2532:
2519:
2464:
2383:
2295:. They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head. Estimates of the
2244:
2208:
1930:
1878:
1637:
1473:
1036:
976:
817:
770:
766:
724:
671:
602:
441:
11247:
11014:) to formulate management responses to human-killing in the Bangladesh Sundarbans".
10221:"Identifying landscape factors affecting tiger decline in the Bangladesh Sundarbans"
9339:
9022:
8805:
8775:"Surveys in southern Myanmar indicate global importance for tigers and biodiversity"
7144:
6938:
6547:
6508:
5939:
5733:
4605:
3117:
was responsible for over 430 human deaths in Nepal and India before she was shot by
2935:
were founded in India to gain public support for tiger conservation. Since then, 53
1929:, but 0.3–0.92 adult tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi) in the unprotected
17423:
17271:
17104:
16382:
15812:
15102:
14884:
14634:
13824:
13723:
13507:
13498:
13082:
12873:
12864:
12658:
12649:
12207:
11400:
11390:
11235:
11176:
11139:
11023:
10970:
10962:
10889:
10774:
10735:
10713:
10694:
10683:"Restoring Asia's roar: Opportunities for tiger recovery across the historic range"
10662:
10613:
10563:
10527:
10488:
10439:
10429:
10384:
10344:
10289:
10240:
10193:
10127:
9998:
9830:
9820:
9789:
9752:
9742:
9691:
9664:
9598:
9557:
9513:
9461:
9412:
9402:
9361:
9285:
9244:
9209:
9172:
9131:
9121:
9088:
9044:
9001:
8958:
8929:
8919:
8878:
8868:
8827:
8786:
8745:
8735:
8713:
8686:
8643:
8605:
8597:
8475:
8435:
8398:
8341:
8289:
8271:
8241:
8214:
8116:
8045:
8002:
7957:
7949:
7908:
7861:
7818:
7783:
7713:
7635:
7471:
7463:
7375:
7361:"Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures"
7315:
7284:
7267:) outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation".
7237:
7207:
7132:
6926:
6892:
6870:
6862:
6807:
6752:
6742:
6699:
6669:
6626:
6590:
6535:
6496:
6451:
6441:
6392:
6382:
6343:
6306:
6284:
6267:
6230:
6181:
6171:
6130:
6085:
6075:
6042:
5954:
5909:
5899:
5809:
5801:
5757:
5747:
5716:
5686:
5649:
5641:
5441:
5383:
5277:
5198:
5162:
5112:
5104:
5063:
5053:
4999:
4991:
4983:
4935:
4886:
4878:
4766:
4722:
4712:
4654:
4593:
4550:
4542:
4500:
4368:
4358:
4288:
4122:
4112:
4065:
4057:
4015:
3903:
3895:
3733:
3587:
3415:
3324:
3304:
3064:
Tigers have been hunted by humans for millennia, as indicated by a painting on the
3030:
2674:
2499:
2457:
2399:
2328:
2141:
2019:
1922:
1858:
1854:
1783:
1696:
1649:
1616:
953:
675:
546:
511:
452:
10466:
9681:
9380:
6500:
5630:"Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids"
5243:
Fossil tiger from limestone mine of Tsukumi City, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu Island,
5202:
1080:
The Malayan tiger was proposed as a distinct subspecies on the basis of mtDNA and
601:
patrols and schemes for monitoring tiger populations. In several range countries,
17780:
17668:
17584:
17289:
17280:
17208:
17163:
16825:
16775:
16766:
16641:
16587:
16531:
16400:
16373:
16266:
16084:
16043:
16008:
15753:
14816:
14529:
14496:
14487:
13994:
13732:
13181:
12631:
12558:
12516:
12252:
12057:
11991:
11968:
11668:
11395:
11342:
10492:
10131:
9771:
9577:
Davis, E. O.; Willemsen, M.; Dang, V.; O'Connor, D. & Glikman, J. A. (2020).
9576:
9290:
9265:
9213:
9150:
8924:
8899:
8849:"Expansion of industrial plantations continues to threaten Malayan tiger habitat"
8773:
Aung, S. S.; Shwe, N. M.; Frechette, J.; Grindley, M. & Connette, G. (2017).
8050:
8021:
8006:
7467:
7288:
7262:
6747:
6446:
6420:
Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R. (2016).
6347:
6176:
5263:
5058:
4717:
4658:
4363:
4292:
3503:
3490:
3485:
3461:
3423:
3323:, the tiger was seen as the "king of the forest" and symbolised the power of the
3316:
3312:
3114:
2431:
2427:
2296:
2052:
1974:
1846:
1814:
1751:
1653:
1644:
The tiger is one of only a few striped cat species. Stripes are advantageous for
1592:
1548:
1523:
1005:
957:
824:
taxonomy in accordance with the 2015 two-subspecies proposal and recognised only
705:
700:
658:
515:
431:
17628:
17563:
17537:
11105:"EU's 'unlikely' role in global tiger trade revealed in new WWF, TRAFFIC report"
10245:
10220:
10003:
9603:
9578:
9177:
9152:
9107:
8832:
8807:
8647:
7301:
6716:
5784:
5090:
4939:
1866:
17773:
17761:
17749:
17262:
17181:
16983:
16730:
16623:
16596:
15649:
15266:
14866:
14730:
14413:
13950:
13932:
13863:
13474:
13465:
13067:
13028:
11982:
11894:
10699:
10682:
10531:
10389:
10372:
9407:
8772:
8218:
6703:
5959:
5942:
5166:
4597:
4504:
4117:
3507:
3427:
3360:
3336:
3332:
3149:
3074:
2288:
2240:
2126:
2057:
1882:
1842:
1767:
1747:
1604:
1490:
1180:
985:
936:
921:
790:
774:
757:
have been proposed between the early 19th and early 21st centuries, namely the
720:
527:
11803:
11239:
10778:
10739:
10679:
10666:
10567:
10505:
10369:
10197:
9852:
9825:
9808:
9747:
9726:
9668:
9536:
Uddin, N.; Enoch, S.; Harihar, A.; Pickles, R. S. & Hughes, A. C. (2023).
9518:
9497:
9314:. Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office.
9249:
9228:
9126:
9109:
9006:
8985:
8791:
8774:
8384:
8294:
8273:
7865:
7334:
7319:
7136:
6866:
6839:"Chemical characterization of territorial marking fluid of male Bengal tiger,
6630:
6595:
6574:
6271:
6135:
6114:
4964:"The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes"
4770:
4312:
Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
4020:
3995:
3567:
3335:
and controls the period between 15:00 and 17:00 o'clock in the afternoon. The
2259:
1656:
and possibly perceives the tiger as green and blended in with the vegetation.
1627:
1028:
17795:
17519:
17226:
17122:
17095:
16721:
16419:
16364:
15886:
15830:
15571:
15212:
14667:
14229:
13394:
13361:
13163:
13154:
13091:
12991:
12949:
12801:
12394:
11563:
11540:
9035:
8983:
8668:
8582:"Canine distemper virus: an emerging disease in wild endangered Amur tigers (
8454:
5628:
Allen, W. L.; Cuthill, I. C.; Scott-Samuel, N. E. & Baddeley, R. (2010).
5506:(6th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 825–828.
4061:
3833:
3578:
3453:
3368:
3320:
3279:
3250:
3070:
3059:
2989:
2954:
2932:
2635:
2585:
2549:
2527:
2503:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2249:
2200:
2061:
1684:
1544:
1519:
1081:
1068:
1001:
993:
992:
This tiger historically lived in south-central China. The skulls of the five
904:
886:
778:
762:
695:
616:
and other entertainment shows. The tiger featured prominently in the ancient
598:
586:
531:
496:
427:
336:
172:
81:
13851:
13663:
11792:
10811:
10348:
9912:(Report). Global Tiger Forum and the Global Tiger Initiative Council. 2023.
9724:
8962:
8455:
Tidière, M.; Müller, P.; Sliwa, A.; Siberchicot, A. & Douay, G. (2021).
8440:
8419:
8346:
8325:
8245:
7241:
6811:
6674:
6653:
6612:
6387:
6249:
6235:
6210:
5904:
5877:
5445:
3857:
3498:. The image of the friendly tame tiger has also existed in culture, notably
2944:
in 2010 envisioned increasing the country's tiger populations by 50% in the
2455:
Tigers are recorded as hosts for various parasites including tapeworms like
2180:
1762:
17756:
17358:
17253:
17199:
16900:
16668:
16614:
16391:
16290:
15845:
15821:
15640:
15631:
15451:
15418:
15341:
15302:
14712:
14694:
14556:
14428:
13887:
13288:
13251:
13136:
13118:
12531:
12477:
12403:
12081:
11825:
11414:
11188:
11153:
10903:
10786:
10453:
10356:
10205:
9579:"An updated analysis of the consumption of tiger products in urban Vietnam"
9535:
9426:
9069:"Recovery of tigers in India: Critical introspection and potential lessons"
8970:
8759:
8700:
8691:
8670:
8655:
8619:
8487:
8253:
7971:
7725:
7624:"Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology"
7249:
6884:
6766:
6465:
6406:
6195:
6099:
5923:
5846:"A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white"
5823:
5771:
5752:
5663:
5645:
5453:
5282:
5266:"Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review"
5265:
5126:
5108:
5077:
5013:
4947:
4900:
4736:
4703:
4564:
4546:
4512:
4382:
4136:
4079:
4029:
3917:
3899:
3533:
3511:
3472:
3450:, it was believed that men would seduce women by transforming into tigers.
3439:
3419:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3230:
3186:
3182:
3103:
3086:
2974:
2958:
2652:
2480:
2276:
2042:
1997:
had home ranges of 10.6 and 14.1 km (4.1 and 5.4 sq mi). In
1958:
1862:
1802:
1688:
1664:
1608:
1439:
1438:. Results of genetic analyses indicate that the tiger and snow leopard are
1435:
1252:
885:. The Bengal tiger has shorter fur than tigers further north, with a light
869:
758:
554:
139:
11799:
10045:
9191:
8847:
Shevade, V. S.; Potapov, P. V.; Harris, N. L. & Loboda, T. V. (2017).
8601:
4882:
3955:
3374:
2627:
2606:
in 1977, the population continued to decline and is considered extinct in
2203:
feeding mainly on large and medium-sized ungulates, with a preference for
928:
17887:
Species endangered by human consumption for medicinal or magical purposes
17785:
17737:
17589:
17480:
17367:
16867:
16058:
15975:
15948:
15697:
15611:
15543:
15469:
15460:
15427:
15385:
15350:
15067:
14960:
14792:
14332:
14244:
14152:
13797:
13370:
13190:
12855:
12769:
12752:
12729:
12692:
12576:
12540:
12385:
12174:
12029:
11908:
11027:
10616:"Home range and movements of male translocated problem tigers in Sumatra"
9136:
8457:"Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (
6875:
6208:
6061:
3383:
3238:
3226:
3202:
3198:
3118:
2665:
2618:
2607:
2594:
2487:
2419:
2204:
2185:
1893:
1806:
1680:
1669:
1460:
1409:
1121:
968:
782:
678:
word for 'arrow', which may also be the origin of the name for the river
637:
538:, which it takes by ambush. It lives a mostly solitary life and occupies
286:
56:
17433:
17397:
11810:
10984:
9995:
9835:
9308:
Skin and Bones: Tiger Trafficking Analysis from January 2000 – June 2022
7927:
7702:
4584:(1968). "Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est".
4150:
3745:
3045:
2917:
2553:(395,943 sq mi) to 911,901 km (352,087 sq mi).
2147:
Tigers are normally silent but can produce numerous vocalisations. They
1611:
are the longest in the cat family at 6.4–7.6 cm (2.5–3.0 in).
893:
17695:
17472:
17076:
16322:
16253:
16240:
16207:
15993:
15731:
15491:
15039:
15016:
14902:
14893:
14842:
14807:
14783:
14547:
14446:
14395:
14341:
14323:
14296:
14203:
14153:
13552:
13525:
13453:
13436:
13199:
13172:
13018:
12922:
12906:
12742:
12622:
12462:
12298:
12165:
11957:
11925:
11909:
11010:
Barlow, A. C.; Ahmad, I. & Smith, J. L. (2013). "Profiling tigers (
10975:
10614:
Priatna, D.; Santosa, Y.; Prasetyo, L. B. & Kartono, A. P. (2012).
10434:
9969:
9653:
9562:
9537:
9093:
9068:
8740:
8671:"Serologic survey of selected pathogens in free-ranging Bengal tigers (
7425:
5805:
5677:
Caro, T. (2005). "The adaptive significance of coloration in mammals".
5397:
4987:
4400:
Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P. (1999). "Preface" in
4271:): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation".
3481:
3443:
3257:
3107:
2849:
2590:
2573:
2545:
2212:
2069:
2032:
1994:
1986:
1850:
1798:
1724:
1709:
1645:
1596:
1554:
1201:
1147:
997:
901:
786:
754:
644:
539:
492:
266:
130:
101:
66:
11338:"Endangered tiger earns its stripes as the world's most popular beast"
11180:
11144:
11127:
9806:
9793:
9757:
9381:
Nittu, G.; Shameer, T. T.; Nishanthini, N. K. & Sanil, R. (2023).
8948:
8883:
8873:
8848:
8479:
7953:
7717:
7476:
7387:
6539:
6419:
4995:
3710:]. Translated by Kent, R. G. London: W. Heinemann. pp. 94–97.
3435:
2964:
17485:
17454:
17007:
16942:
16555:
16495:
16281:
16102:
15717:
15709:
15658:
15508:
15394:
15376:
15090:
14924:
14757:
14599:
14565:
14377:
14069:
13343:
12813:
12289:
11857:
9495:
9466:
9441:
9439:
9366:
9341:
9151:
Rasphone, A.; Kéry, M.; Kamler, J. F. & Macdonald, D. W. (2019).
9066:
6723:) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India"
6311:
6286:
5264:
Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M. (2021).
4308:"Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile"
3457:
3246:
3206:
3201:
is reported to have kept tigers in the 13th century. Starting in the
3096:
2759:
2392:
2264:
2236:
2220:
2196:
1874:
1870:
1736:
1172:
1017:
661:
617:
550:
401:
256:
216:
106:
17329:
9696:
8808:"Habitat connectivity for endangered Indochinese tigers in Thailand"
7830:
5388:
5371:
4458:"Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung"
3873:
889:
to orange-red colouration, and relatively long and narrow nostrils.
17768:
17662:
17459:
17352:
16704:
16167:
15984:
15960:
15321:
15171:
15117:
15053:
15048:
15001:
14933:
14851:
14721:
14470:
14461:
14359:
14314:
14194:
14027:
13764:
13673:
13642:
13602:
13489:
13421:
13329:
13320:
12640:
12436:
12189:
12072:
12039:
11888:
11876:
11773:
10175:
8897:
7446:) on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction".
3737:
3411:
3395:
3391:
2941:
2813:
2795:
2562:
2515:
2474:
2469:
2435:
2157:
2153:
1941:
1822:
1794:
1740:
1704:
1515:
1231:
750:
733:
683:
621:
590:
569:. Today, the tiger's range is severely fragmented. It is listed as
535:
489:
476:
296:
236:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
11699:
Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes
11009:
9853:
Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A. (2023).
8424:
Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India"
3724:
Thorley, D. (2017). "Naming the tiger in the Early Modern world".
3091:
17703:
17682:
17086:
16933:
16807:
16522:
16034:
15364:
14830:
14386:
14350:
14217:
14185:
14169:
13682:
13385:
12964:
12445:
12352:
12270:
12198:
12140:
12117:
12010:
11787:
10878:"Human–tiger conflict: A review and call for comprehensive plans"
10023:
CITES Implementation in Nepal and India. Law, Policy and Practice
8984:
Tilson, R.; Defu, H.; Muntifering, J. & Nyhus, P. J. (2004).
7822:
5559:
Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in
4755:"Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali"
4234:
Srivastav, A.; Malviya, M.; Tyagi, P. C. & Nigam, P. (2011).
3839:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
3477:
3293:
3190:
2885:
2644:
2430:
at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.
2232:
2165:
2161:
2081:
2045:
spraying urine (above) and rubbing against tree to mark territory
2002:
1910:
1896:
during 2010–2015 in the deciduous and subtropical pine forest of
1600:
1588:
1427:
1335:
1197:
1013:
821:
686:, and the connection between the tiger and the river is doubted.
503:
481:
276:
111:
86:
11286:"June 18 Deadline for Compliance With Big Cat Public Safety Act"
7843:
6363:"Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales"
4962:
Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P. (2013).
1578:
17446:
17190:
17137:
16882:
16570:
16304:
15024:
14685:
14520:
14277:
13714:
12486:
12412:
12361:
12343:
12316:
12237:
12099:
11882:
11870:
11755:
11627:
Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of
11501:
7540:
7193:
6028:
5943:"Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001–2020"
4788:(in German). Madgeburg: Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben.
3499:
3495:
3431:
3399:
3218:
3013:
2978:
patrolling together with staff of protected areas in Malaysia.
2831:
2741:
2577:
2378:
2323:
In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and
2316:
2228:
2065:
1431:
1308:
679:
624:
of cultures throughout its historic range and has continued to
613:
502:
Throughout the tiger's range, it inhabits mainly forests, from
246:
226:
10082:
Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Sumatran Tiger (
5032:
Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C. (2011).
4425:. In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eds.).
2311:
17623:
17172:
17031:
16974:
16847:
16650:
16507:
16134:
16116:
15739:
15409:
14658:
14643:
13304:
12595:
11166:
11128:"Effects of a modern exhibit design on captive tiger welfare"
10544:
8366:
7800:
6521:
6209:
Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y. (2019).
6062:
Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L. (2023).
5583:
5581:
3842:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 546.
3403:
3379:
3073:, as well as European colonists. Tigers were often hunted as
2867:
2777:
2723:
2670:
2438:
1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.
2324:
2169:
1790:
1566:
1562:
961:
651:
558:
189:
183:
11691:
7984:
7928:
Habib, B.; Nigam P.; Ghaskadbi P. & Bhandari A. (2021).
7684:
7648:
7499:
7358:
7163:
7151:
7089:
6001:
5987:
4401:
4336:
4245:(Report). Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India
3936:
3438:
are people who could change into tigers and back again. The
2283:. It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3
16546:
15442:
14767:
14703:
12376:
12108:
11966:
11435:
The Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in World Art
10471:) population: Lessons learnt from 13-years of monitoring".
8354:
7518:
7516:
7514:
7380:
10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2
7335:"Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent"
7106:
7104:
6993:
6969:
6554:
5967:
5691:
10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2
4267:
Mazák, J. H. (2010). "Craniometric variation in the tiger (
3675:(Revised and augmented ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3181:
Tigers have been kept in captivity since ancient times. In
2997:
for transboundary cooperation between two protected areas,
2216:
2148:
1703:
locus, respectively. The snow-white variation is caused by
1565:
is the offspring of a female tiger and a male lion and the
1423:
1355:
1164:
605:
have been established and tiger reintroduction is planned.
566:
562:
485:
11254:
11195:
11125:
11073:
10816:. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 22–27.
10793:
10755:
9625:"5 Things Tiger King Doesn't Explain About Captive Tigers"
7039:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 343–372.
6360:
5578:
5465:
5463:
5034:"Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger"
5031:
4233:
17744:
14676:
14285:
12613:
11530:
11528:
11207:
11085:
11048:
10910:
10645:) population in the Northwest of its distribution area".
9263:
8579:
8103:
Sankhala, K. S. (1967). "Breeding behaviour of the tiger
7581:
7579:
5493:
4865:
Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016).
4691:
3390:
Tigers have had religious and folkloric significance. In
3367:. The big cat was depicted on seals and coins during the
3225:
included many tiger tamers in the 20th century including
3034:
1582:
Tiger skeleton from Royal Natural History Volume 1 (1839)
719:
was based on descriptions by earlier naturalists such as
17732:
11727:
Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola
11451:
9974:
9807:
Neo, W. H. Y.; Lubis, M. I. & Lee, J. S. H. (2023).
8506:
8494:
8187:
8185:
8148:
8146:
8144:
8142:
7672:
7591:
7552:
7511:
7489:
7487:
7101:
7065:
6478:
5241:
Hasegawa, Y., Takakuwa, Y., Nenoki, K. & Kimura, T.
3654:
Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946
3292:(badge of authority) with gold inlays, from the tomb of
1821:
corridors, providing food and water for both tigers and
1727:
tigers with thick, merged stripes have been recorded in
1020:
due to interbreeding with ancient tiger lineages. It is
10934:
9496:
Saif, S.; Rahman, H. T. & MacMillan, D. C. (2018).
9440:
Khanwilkar, S.; Sosnowski, M. & Guynup, S. (2022).
9304:
8158:
8065:
8063:
8061:
7005:
6836:
6778:
6776:
5460:
5097:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
4535:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
4434:
4318:
4042:
3666:
3644:
Ellerman, J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951).
3355:
and the season of autumn. It is the counterpart to the
3339:
is thought to bring "dramatic and extreme events". The
11525:
11266:
10991:
10922:
10830:
8127:
8075:
7761:
7740:
7660:
7576:
7528:
7441:
7306:) food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India".
7122:
6957:
6818:
6325:
5404:
3993:
3805:
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma
3643:
1793:
riverine forests and hilly and lowland forests in the
17721:
11369:
Albert, C.; Luque, G. M. & Courchamp, F. (2018).
10718:
reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia".
9856:
Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022
8898:
Debonne, N.; van Vliet, J. & Verburg, P. (2019).
8561:
8182:
8139:
7564:
7484:
7077:
7053:
6945:
6912:
6617:) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India".
6013:
5703:
4196:
Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
4182:
2514:. Blood samples from 11 adult tigers in Nepal showed
1973:
recorded climbing 10 m (33 ft) up a smooth
17882:
Species endangered by deliberate extirpation efforts
15507:
12903:
11674:
The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India
11610:(Second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
11513:
11368:
11225:
10078:
8549:
8527:"India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs"
8302:
8278:) population in a semi-arid region of western India"
8170:
8058:
7794:
7603:
7223:
7221:
7175:
6773:
5993:
5566:
5475:
5416:
5140:
Hemmer, Helmut (2023). "The identity of the "lion",
4864:
4481:
4396:
4394:
4392:
3494:(1894) is the mortal enemy of the human protagonist
3237:
would use gentler methods to control their animals.
1735:
analysis of Indian tiger samples revealed that this
386:
376:
366:
11107:. World Wildlife Fund for Nature. 30 September 2020
10046:Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers (2006).
7879:Harihar, A.; Pandav, B. & Goyal, S. P. (2011).
6981:
5935:
5933:
4808:
3476:, where the cat battles and is slain by the bandit
2684:also contributes to the decline of the population.
2103:
Siberian tiger baring teeth as a sign of aggression
608:The tiger is among the most popular of the world's
8461:): The importance of sub-species for conservation"
8330:) populations and its implications for monitoring"
7878:
4528:
3371:of southern India, as it was the official emblem.
3331:, the tiger is the third out of 12 symbols in the
3245:became famous for performing with white tigers in
2164:, a soft, low-frequency snorting sound similar to
1493:in China that are dated to the early Pleistocene.
11066:Manfredi, P. "The Tiger in the Ancient World" in
9991:
9989:
9618:
9616:
9614:
7218:
5179:
4389:
3410:, the tiger was depicted being ridden by the god
1825:. On the Indian subcontinent, it inhabits mainly
1712:. Hence, their continued breeding will risk both
17793:
13303:
10871:
10869:
9904:
9062:
9060:
7621:
7026:
5930:
5534:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5251:. 23, (2019) (in Japanese with English abstract)
5224:
5222:
5220:
4695:"Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (
3931:
3929:
3927:
3311:While the lion represented royalty and power in
2360:"Tiger cub" redirects here. For other uses, see
1985:Adult tigers lead largely solitary lives within
1827:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
520:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
10308:
9902:
9900:
9898:
9896:
9894:
9892:
9890:
9888:
9886:
9884:
9848:
9846:
6658:) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia"
6367:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6029:Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V. (2018).
5979:
5884:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5787:"The genetics of tiger pelage color variations"
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5545:
3957:Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S. (2017).
3593:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T15955A214862019.en
2999:Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park
2136:During friendly encounters and bonding, tigers
1869:, southeastern Tibet. In Thailand, it lives in
17877:Species endangered by agricultural development
10805:
10580:
10144:
9986:
9611:
8319:
8317:
7332:
6654:"Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers (
4236:Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
3869:
3867:
2916:Internationally, the tiger is protected under
2355:
1531:in Indochina and spread across Asia after the
682:. However, today, the names are thought to be
30:"Tigress" redirects here. For other uses, see
14167:
12008:
11841:
11725:. In Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (eds.).
11428:
11426:
11424:
11040:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
10866:
9710:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
9531:
9529:
9057:
8986:"Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers
8267:
8265:
8263:
7342:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
6645:
6608:
6606:
5434:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5300:. Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah.org.
5217:
4913:
4847:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
4835:
4833:
4451:
4449:
4097:
3924:
3794:
3773:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
3766:
3049:Tiger hunting on elephant-back in India, 1808
715:was being used for all cats at the time. His
11855:
11318:(Report). European Commission. 18 April 2023
10859:: Conflict, coexistence, or extinction?" in
10847:
10845:
10607:
10025:. Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Aademic Publications.
9881:
9843:
8417:
8098:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8090:
7437:
7435:
7359:Karanth, K. U. & Nichols, J. D. (1998).
6793:
6791:
5542:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5319:
4576:
4574:
4330:
4262:
4260:
4198:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. pp. 55–65.
3790:
3788:
3786:
3697:
3620:
2373:A Bengal tiger family in Kanha Tiger Reserve
11632:(Second ed.). London: Academic Press.
11624:
10860:
10751:
10749:
9050:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15965A5334628.en
8935:1871.1/1dced676-560b-46fb-a7c5-e0c888c5cff1
8314:
7757:
7755:
7027:Sunquist, M. E. & Sunquist, F. (2002).
5610:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5560:
5229:
4960:
4625:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4165:
4093:
4091:
4089:
3864:
3656:. London: British Museum. pp. 318–319.
3040:
1757:
1004:than tigers from India, a smaller cranium,
12028:
11848:
11834:
11421:
10316:) and Principal Prey in Sumatra, Indonesia
9526:
8990:: field survey of priority tiger reserves"
8524:
8260:
6603:
6002:Seidensticker, Christie & Jackson 1999
5988:Seidensticker, Christie & Jackson 1999
5516:. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024
5290:
4830:
4748:
4746:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4477:
4475:
4455:
4446:
4402:Seidensticker, Christie & Jackson 1999
3937:Seidensticker, Christie & Jackson 1999
3820:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3315:, the tiger played such a role in various
3299:The tiger is among the most famous of the
3113:At the beginning of the 20th century, the
1913:and poaching had occurred in the adjacent
1518:fossils of tigers have also been found in
1450:that parallel those in other cat genomes.
1207:
1171:
1137:
1088:
1059:
1027:
967:
927:
892:
400:
161:
129:
16251:
12740:
11923:
11702:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11605:
11476:
11437:. New York: Continuum. pp. 402–404.
11404:
11394:
11143:
10974:
10893:
10842:
10698:
10443:
10433:
10388:
10312:An Island-wide Status of Sumatran Tiger (
10244:
10016:
10014:
10002:
9934:
9834:
9824:
9756:
9746:
9695:
9622:
9602:
9561:
9517:
9465:
9416:
9406:
9365:
9289:
9264:Nijman, V. & Shepherd, C. R. (2015).
9248:
9176:
9135:
9125:
9092:
9048:
9020:
9005:
8933:
8923:
8882:
8872:
8831:
8790:
8749:
8739:
8690:
8609:
8439:
8402:
8345:
8293:
8087:
8049:
7961:
7912:
7639:
7628:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
7475:
7432:
7415:
6874:
6788:
6756:
6746:
6673:
6594:
6455:
6445:
6396:
6386:
6310:
6234:
6185:
6175:
6134:
6089:
6079:
6046:
5958:
5913:
5903:
5813:
5778:
5761:
5751:
5708:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
5653:
5615:
5494:Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P. (1999).
5387:
5369:
5316:
5281:
5259:
5257:
5147:Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
5116:
5067:
5057:
5003:
4890:
4858:
4783:
4777:
4726:
4716:
4626:Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P. (2006).
4571:
4554:
4524:
4522:
4372:
4362:
4257:
4126:
4116:
4069:
4044:Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U. (2021).
4019:
3907:
3783:
3760:
3719:
3717:
3591:
3029:into remote protected areas. Coordinated
2968:Wild Sumatran tiger caught by camera trap
1900:, northern India revealed a stable tiger
1877:forests. In Sumatra, it inhabits lowland
670:has been suggested to originate from the
14597:
11716:
11677:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
11667:
10875:
10746:
10048:The Malayan Tiger Conservation Programme
9980:
8372:
8274:"Demography of a small, isolated tiger (
8102:
7752:
7690:
7678:
7654:
7597:
7558:
7522:
7505:
7187:
7169:
7157:
7110:
7095:
7071:
7011:
6999:
6975:
5973:
5593:
5587:
5469:
5410:
5027:
5025:
5023:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4440:
4420:
4407:
4324:
4086:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3702:[XX. The names of wild beasts].
3442:of Indochina believed that tigers could
3373:
3283:
3267:
3090:
3044:
2963:
2612:
2502:is known to occur in Siberian tigers. A
2413:
2368:
2310:
2258:
2179:
1940:
1936:
1865:and of 3,139 m (10,299 ft) in
1805:region of Russia and China, it inhabits
1761:
1663:
1626:
1577:
1561:cats and have done so in captivity. The
666:'tigris'. Since ancient times, the word
13671:
12434:
11955:
11625:Tilson, R.; Nyhus, P. J., eds. (2010).
11549:, pp. 72–73, 78, 125–127, 147–148.
11487:. London: Aquarian Press. p. 227.
11432:
10851:Nyhus, P. J. & Tilson, R. (2010). "
10512:Environmental Modeling & Assessment
10138:
9938:Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022
9910:Global Tiger Recovery Program (2023–34)
9485:. New York: Springer. pp. 224–226.
9480:
9305:Wong, R. & Krishnasamy, K. (2022).
4752:
4743:
4612:
4472:
4305:
4299:
3723:
3667:Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (1940).
3607:
3351:, representing the west along with the
14:
17794:
16764:
15000:
11562:
11534:
11482:
11470:
11272:
11260:
11201:
11079:
11067:
10997:
10952:
10928:
10836:
10799:
10099:from the original on 23 September 2023
10011:
8567:
8512:
8191:
8152:
8133:
8081:
7746:
7666:
7585:
7570:
7546:
7534:
7493:
7409:
7083:
7059:
7022:
7020:
6951:
6782:
6560:
5843:
5740:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
5572:
5487:
5481:
5422:
5254:
5139:
4839:
4759:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
4519:
3816:
3814:
3714:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3217:Tigers have played prominent roles in
2450:
1782:, Sumatra, northeastern China and the
840:The following tables are based on the
17334:
17333:
16238:
15695:
14999:
14151:
13286:
12727:
11907:
11829:
11646:
11586:
11546:
11519:
11507:
11457:
11371:"The twenty most charismatic species"
11296:from the original on 20 February 2024
11213:
11091:
11054:
10940:
10916:
10623:Asian Journal of Conservation Biology
10020:
9657:European Journal of Wildlife Research
9635:from the original on 20 February 2024
8555:
8500:
8360:
8308:
8176:
8164:
8069:
7609:
7420:. London: Cassell. pp. 133–134.
7397:from the original on 27 November 2022
7181:
6987:
6963:
6824:
6797:
6619:European Journal of Wildlife Research
5304:from the original on 4 September 2019
5084:
5020:
4920:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4680:
4628:"A taxonomic revision of the tigers (
4580:
4266:
4183:Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996).
3942:
3205:, tigers were being kept in European
2950:Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai Forest Complex
2929:National Tiger Conservation Authority
2580:activities in their vicinity. In the
1949:Camera trap data show that tigers in
1888:
1831:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
1811:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
1514:of China; late Pleistocene and early
1016:-like stripes. It has a unique mtDNA
508:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
17827:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
17709:CB08F90C-6992-4001-A173-117D95630082
10264:Thailand Tiger Action Plan 2010–2022
10092:. Jakarta: Government of Indonesia.
9321:from the original on 17 January 2024
6048:10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836
5676:
4215:from the original on 25 January 2024
3975:from the original on 17 January 2020
3691:
3679:from the original on 21 October 2020
3467:Songs of Innocence and of Experience
3170:with several of his trained tigers,
2060:on vegetation and rocks, clawing or
1659:
1052:This tiger population occurs on the
13218:South African small-spotted genet (
10117:
9036:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
8022:"The ecological benefit of tigers (
7017:
3811:
3579:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3546:
2418:A Siberian tigress with her cub at
2395:lasts around or over three months.
2175:
1683:has a white background colour with
1631:Siberian tiger coat on flank (side)
1134:to have gone extinct by the 1980s.
575:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
17897:Species endangered by urbanization
8904:Environmental Science & Policy
8121:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x
7788:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x
6081:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178
5721:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x
5634:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
3256:Tigers have become popular in the
3166:Publicity photo of animal trainer
2659:Demand for tiger parts for use in
1907:Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary
1573:
25:
17913:
13562:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (
11748:
11692:Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.;
11485:Symbolic and Mythological Animals
10687:Frontiers in Conservation Science
10595:from the original on 7 April 2024
10377:Frontiers in Conservation Science
10060:from the original on 9 April 2024
9951:from the original on 8 April 2023
9916:from the original on 8 April 2024
9542:Conservation Science and Practice
9446:Conservation Science and Practice
9346:Conservation Science and Practice
8537:from the original on 8 April 2024
8404:10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734
6291:Conservation Science and Practice
5947:Frontiers in Conservation Science
3262:Association of Zoos and Aquariums
3003:Land of the Leopard National Park
1980:
805:in mainland Asia and the smaller
17802:IUCN Red List endangered species
17779:
17767:
17755:
17743:
17731:
13287:
11798:
11786:
11772:
11754:
11653:. Richmond Hill: Firefly Books.
11463:
11362:
11330:
11308:
11290:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
11278:
11219:
11160:
11119:
11097:
11060:
11003:
10967:10.3197/096734016X14661540219393
10946:
10895:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x
10814:The Treasures of Indian Wildlife
10707:
10673:
10633:
10574:
10538:
10499:
10460:
10397:
10363:
10323:
10302:
10283:
10253:
10212:
10169:
10111:
10072:
10039:
9963:
9928:
9800:
9765:
9718:
9675:
9647:
9570:
9489:
9474:
9433:
9374:
9333:
9298:
9257:
9220:
9185:
9144:
9101:
9014:
8977:
8942:
8891:
8840:
8799:
8766:
8707:
8679:The Journal of Wildlife Diseases
8662:
8626:
8573:
8518:
8448:
8411:
8378:
8225:
8197:
8013:
7978:
7921:
7914:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x
7872:
7837:
7696:
7641:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x
7615:
7352:
7326:
7295:
7256:
7212:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x
7116:
4668:from the original on 31 May 2023
3159:
3141:
2922:Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
2884:
2866:
2848:
2830:
2812:
2794:
2776:
2758:
2740:
2722:
2239:and fish. Occasional attacks on
2110:
2096:
2087:
2031:
2018:
1835:tropical moist evergreen forests
1358:
1338:
1311:
1275:
1255:
731:placed the species in the genus
698:described the tiger in his work
203:
54:
27:Large striped cat native to Asia
15696:
12728:
11556:
10548:Journal for Nature Conservation
10271:from the original on 5 May 2024
10225:Global Ecology and Conservation
9869:from the original on 5 May 2024
9583:Global Ecology and Conservation
9157:Global Ecology and Conservation
8812:Global Ecology and Conservation
8387:"Generation length for mammals"
6906:
6830:
6710:
6682:
6566:
6515:
6472:
6413:
6354:
6319:
6278:
6243:
6202:
6143:
6106:
6055:
6022:
6007:
5871:
5837:
5727:
5697:
5670:
5621:
5428:
5235:
5173:
5133:
4954:
4907:
4802:
4227:
4143:
4050:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4036:
3987:
3418:, tigers are messengers of the
3123:Tiger attacks in the Sundarbans
2687:
2632:Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park
1008:set closer together and larger
16239:
11469:Thapar, R. "In Times Past" in
9629:World Wildlife Fund for Nature
8326:"Temporal variation in Tiger (
7125:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
5249:. Bull. Gunma Museum Nat. Hist
4819:Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde
4485:Nature Ecology & Evolution
3660:
3637:
2306:
2263:Two Bengal tigers attacking a
2235:and other ground-based birds,
2064:trees and marking trails with
2007:Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve
409:Tiger distribution as of 2022
13:
1:
17892:Species endangered by logging
17867:National symbols of Singapore
12974:Malabar large-spotted civet (
10720:Biodiversity and Conservation
10079:Ministry of Forestry (2007).
9684:Environmental Health Insights
6501:10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512
5504:Walker's Mammals of the World
5203:10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808
3539:
3448:indigenous peoples of Siberia
3274:Cultural depictions of tigers
3221:and other live performances.
3171:
2705:Global wild tiger population
2544:The tiger has been listed as
952:This population lives in the
881:This population inhabits the
744:
657:, which was a borrowing from
17862:National symbols of Malaysia
17817:Conservation-reliant species
17236:Indonesian mountain weasel (
16892:North American river otter (
15780:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (
12834:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
11806:travel guide from Wikivoyage
11396:10.1371/journal.pone.0199149
11016:Wildlife Biology in Practice
10493:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108848
10132:10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.06.003
9291:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.031
9214:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.011
8925:10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.031
8636:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
8051:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015
8007:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016
7468:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007
7289:10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268
6931:10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8
6748:10.1371/journal.pone.0077980
6447:10.1371/journal.pone.0152119
6348:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024
6177:10.1371/journal.pone.0025931
5059:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483
4718:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442
4659:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007
4430:. Leiden: Lugduni Batavorum.
4364:10.1371/journal.pone.0004125
4293:10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003
3132:
3127:Bangladesh Forest Department
2661:traditional Chinese medicine
1217:
1012:; skins were yellowish with
662:
631:
7:
17902:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
14097:Somalian slender mongoose (
11731:Mammals of the Soviet Union
11608:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
11606:MacDonald, D., ed. (2001).
10246:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00382
10004:10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089
9604:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00960
9178:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766
8833:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01718
8648:10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252
8428:Journal of Animal Diversity
7885:to the recovery of a tiger
6847:Journal of Chemical Ecology
4940:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036
3968:(Special Issue 11): 66–68.
3517:
3189:; they were slaughtered in
3185:, tigers were displayed in
2995:memorandum of understanding
2907:
2895:
2877:
2859:
2841:
2823:
2805:
2787:
2769:
2751:
2733:
2386:with her tail to the side.
2356:Reproduction and life cycle
1499:Panthera tigris trinilensis
1418:The tiger shares the genus
689:
474:) is a member of the genus
52:Early Pleistocene – Present
10:
17918:
17050:Asian small-clawed otter (
15789:American hog-nosed skunk (
15771:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (
14079:Angolan slender mongoose (
13774:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (
12823:Small-toothed palm civet (
11591:. London: Reaktion Books.
10700:10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340
10532:10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w
10390:10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552
9498:"Who is killing the tiger
9408:10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4
8219:10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x
8109:International Zoo Yearbook
7893:Journal of Applied Ecology
6704:10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2
6215:Journal of Applied Ecology
6035:Journal of Threatened Taxa
5960:10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280
5167:10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2
4598:10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104
4505:10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8
4118:10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y
3386:school, early 18th century
3277:
3271:
3084:
3080:
3057:
3053:
3026:Ile-Balkash Nature Reserve
2697:
2691:
2539:
2359:
1963:Shuklaphanta National Park
1542:
1538:
1204:than other island tigers.
737:using the scientific name
29:
17857:National symbols of India
17847:Mammals described in 1758
17652:
17342:
17135:
17084:
17075:
17029:
17005:
16972:
16955:
16931:
16880:
16863:
16846:
16817:Saharan striped polecat (
16805:
16788:
16747:
16702:
16685:
16676:
16667:
16568:
16544:
16520:
16503:
16494:
16417:
16362:
16320:
16303:
16279:
16262:
16247:
16234:
16206:
16165:
16132:
16115:
16056:
16006:
15973:
15956:
15947:
15884:
15843:
15810:
15798:Striped hog-nosed skunk (
15751:
15730:
15708:
15704:
15691:
15627:
15610:
15569:
15541:
15529:Mediterranean monk seal (
15524:
15490:
15440:
15407:
15372:
15363:
15337:
15320:
15301:
15258:Juan Fernández fur seal (
15222:South American fur seal (
15210:
15193:
15169:
15157:South American sea lion (
15152:
15115:
15098:
15089:
15065:
15037:
15015:
15011:
14995:
14959:
14932:
14923:
14864:
14838:
14829:
14805:
14781:
14766:
14755:
14656:
14630:
14582:
14539:South American gray fox (
14509:
14483:
14459:
14442:
14427:
14412:
14275:
14242:
14225:
14216:
14183:
14163:
14147:
14115:Common slender mongoose (
14067:
14025:
13981:
13885:
13859:
13850:
13795:
13762:
13745:
13712:
13695:
13662:
13641:
13600:
13588:Narrow-striped mongoose (
13583:
13550:
13533:
13524:
13487:
13461:
13452:
13435:
13419:
13383:
13357:
13342:
13318:
13299:
13295:
13282:
13250:
13246:
13110:Crested servaline genet (
13065:
13026:
13017:
12962:
12936:
12921:
12899:
12853:
12809:
12800:
12751:
12736:
12723:
12691:
12593:
12529:
12512:
12503:
12475:
12458:
12425:
12374:
12287:
12250:
12233:
12224:
12187:
12163:
12154:
12138:
12070:
12037:
12024:
12004:
11951:
11934:
11919:
11903:
11865:
11569:Tiger: The Ultimate Guide
11510:, pp. 60, 86–88, 96.
11240:10.1017/S0962728600000270
11030:(inactive 19 April 2024).
10779:10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053
10740:10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1
10667:10.1134/S1062359021080239
10568:10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126501
10198:10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9
10151:in Thailand and globally"
9935:DNPWC & DFSC (2022).
9826:10.1017/S0030605322000667
9748:10.1017/S0030605316001587
9700:(inactive 10 April 2024).
9669:10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z
9519:10.1017/S0030605316000491
9250:10.1017/S0030605316001617
9127:10.1017/S0030605321001654
9007:10.1017/S0030605304000079
8988:Panthera tigris amoyensis
8792:10.1017/S0030605316001393
8295:10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y
7866:10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1
7803:Journal of Animal Ecology
7774:) in Nagarahole, India".
7622:Christiansen, P. (2007).
7444:Panthera tigris amoyensis
6867:10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y
6631:10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9
6596:10.1017/S0030605310001456
6272:10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5
6136:10.1017/S0030605307414107
4771:10.1080/00222931208693243
4021:10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019
3365:Indus Valley Civilisation
2408:Ranthambore Tiger Reserve
2350:Jigme Dorji National Park
2279:until its victim dies of
2190:Ranthambore Tiger Reserve
2184:Bengal tiger attacking a
1933:Temengor Forest Reserve.
1919:Khlong Lan National Parks
1898:Jim Corbett National Park
1731:and three Indian zoos; a
1693:autosomal recessive trait
1353:
1333:
1326:
1306:
1299:
1270:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1082:micro-satellite sequences
420:
413:
408:
399:
349:
344:
325:
318:
200:Scientific classification
198:
181:
159:
150:
137:
128:
45:
17173:Stoat/Beringian ermine (
17041:African clawless otter (
16793:African striped weasel (
16606:Yellow-throated marten (
16482:Formosan ferret-badger (
16186:Western mountain coati (
16177:Eastern mountain coati (
16094:Western lowland olingo (
16076:Eastern lowland olingo (
15904:Southern spotted skunk (
15598:Southern elephant seal (
15589:Northern elephant seal (
15379:Pagophilus groenlandicus
14156:("dog-like" carnivorans)
13969:Stripe-necked mongoose (
13590:Mungotictis decemlineata
12465:Herpailurus yagouaroundi
11912:("cat-like" carnivorans)
11717:Sludskii, A. A. (1992).
11572:. New Delhi: CDS Books.
10876:Goodrich, J. M. (2010).
10314:Panthera tigris sumatrae
10309:Wibisono, H. T. (2021).
10178:Environmental Management
10084:Panthera tigris sumatrae
7549:, pp. 119–120, 122.
6719:"Connectivity of Tiger (
5614:Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in
5270:Annals of Animal Science
4421:Temminck, C. J. (1844).
3836:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
3446:into humans. Among some
3211:stereotypical behaviours
3041:Relationship with humans
2315:An 1807 illustration of
1955:Sundarbans National Park
1758:Distribution and habitat
1508:of Java and Sumatra and
1100:Panthera tigris sondaica
36:Tigress (disambiguation)
17837:Fauna of Southeast Asia
17218:Yellow-bellied weasel (
16473:Burmese ferret-badger (
16455:Chinese ferret-badger (
16446:Bornean ferret badger (
16437:Vietnam ferret-badger (
15922:Eastern spotted skunk (
15913:Western spotted skunk (
15643:Leptonychotes weddellii
15285:Subantarctic fur seal (
15231:Australasian fur seal (
14055:Black-footed mongoose (
14037:Bushy-tailed mongoose (
13986:White-tailed mongoose (
13924:Indian brown mongoose (
13906:Short-tailed mongoose (
13897:Small Indian mongoose (
13834:Flat-headed kusimanse (
13807:Alexander's kusimanse (
13783:Common dwarf mongoose (
13750:Pousargues's mongoose (
13612:Brown-tailed mongoose (
13571:Grandidier's mongoose (
12825:Arctogalidia trivirgata
12049:Sunda clouded leopard (
11433:Werness, H. B. (2007).
10955:Environment and History
10861:Tilson & Nyhus 2010
10643:Panthera tigris altaica
10581:Paudyal, B. N. (2023).
10473:Biological Conservation
10349:10.1111/1749-4877.12168
10333:Panthera tigris altaica
10145:Kampongsun, S. (2022).
9481:Van Uhm, D. P. (2016).
9270:Biological Conservation
9194:Biological Conservation
8963:10.1111/1749-4877.12712
8584:Panthera tigris altaica
8441:10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5
8347:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1
8246:10.1111/1749-4877.12147
8030:Biological Conservation
7987:Biological Conservation
7448:Biological Conservation
7333:Karanth, K. U. (2003).
7320:10.1093/jmammal/gyad069
7242:10.1111/1749-4877.12461
7137:10.1023/A:1020620121416
6812:10.1163/156853993X00560
6675:10.1644/09-mamm-a-293.1
6656:Panthera tigris altaica
6524:Panthera tigris altaica
6388:10.1073/pnas.1210490109
6328:Biological Conservation
6236:10.1111/1365-2664.13410
5905:10.1073/pnas.2025273118
5561:Tilson & Nyhus 2010
5446:10.1111/1749-4877.12817
5230:Tilson & Nyhus 2010
4918:(Carnivora: Felidae)".
4693:O'Brien, S. J. (2004).
4456:Hilzheimer, M. (1905).
3673:A Greek-English Lexicon
3529:International Tiger Day
3066:Bhimbetka rock shelters
2682:human–wildlife conflict
2333:Nagarhole National Park
1857:, it was documented in
1622:
1456:Panthera palaeosinensis
1404:Phylogeny of the genus
1196:The type specimen from
1163:This tiger occurred on
834:whole-genome sequencing
595:human–wildlife conflict
480:and the largest living
17059:Congo clawless otter (
16962:Hydrictis maculicollis
16960:Spotted-necked otter (
16919:Southern river otter (
16870:Pteronura brasiliensis
16633:European pine marten (
16144:South American coati (
15872:Palawan stink badger (
15198:New Zealand sea lion (
14263:Japanese raccoon dog (
13960:Crab-eating mongoose (
13915:Indian grey mongoose (
13538:Ring-tailed vontsira (
13349:(bone-crushing hyenas)
13044:Central African oyan (
12605:Chinese mountain cat (
11791:Quotations related to
11769:) at Wikimedia Commons
11483:Cooper, J. C. (1992).
11346:. 2004. Archived from
10508:Panthera tigris tigris
10153:. IUCN. Archived from
8692:10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046
8673:Panthera tigris tigris
8422:Panthera tigris tigris
8276:Panthera tigris tigris
7881:"Responses of leopard
7418:The World of the Tiger
7265:Panthera tigris tigris
7037:Wild Cats of the World
5753:10.1098/rsif.2019.0183
5646:10.1098/rspb.2010.1734
5283:10.2478/aoas-2020-0082
5109:10.1098/rspb.2013.2686
4840:Pocock, R. I. (1929).
4814:Panthera tigris balica
4547:10.1098/rspb.2022.0617
4238:Panthera tigris tigris
4062:10.1093/molbev/msab032
3900:10.1126/sciadv.1400175
3795:Pocock, R. I. (1939).
3767:Pocock, R. I. (1929).
3700:"XX. Ferarum vocabula"
3586:: e.T15955A214862019.
3387:
3349:Chinese constellations
3296:
3235:Gunther Gebel-Williams
3168:Gunther Gebel-Williams
3099:
3095:A Bengal tiger in the
3050:
2969:
2946:Western Forest Complex
2622:
2526:, feline coronavirus,
2422:
2374:
2337:Kui Buri National Park
2320:
2271:
2192:
1946:
1927:Royal Belum State Park
1771:
1729:Simlipal National Park
1672:
1632:
1583:
849:Panthera tigris tigris
799:natural history museum
717:scientific description
561:and on the islands of
32:Tiger (disambiguation)
17611:Paleobiology Database
17299:Back-striped weasel (
17245:Black-footed ferret (
17017:Smooth-coated otter (
16795:Poecilogale albinucha
16464:Javan ferret-badger (
16350:Sumatran hog badger (
16332:Northern hog badger (
16026:Crab-eating raccoon (
15931:Pygmy spotted skunk (
15652:Lobodon carcinophagus
15388:Histriophoca fasciata
15181:Australian sea lion (
15127:California sea lion (
14876:American black bear (
14618:Black-backed jackal (
14609:Side-striped jackal (
14449:Chrysocyon brachyurus
13873:Long-nosed mongoose (
13146:Rusty-spotted genet (
12983:Large-spotted civet (
12832:Sulawesi palm civet (
12761:Owston's palm civet (
12335:Andean mountain cat (
11821:Cat Specialist Group.
10414:Ecology and Evolution
10086:) Indonesia 2007-2017
10021:Aryal, R. S. (2004).
8602:10.1128/mbio.00410-13
8418:Majumder, A. (2023).
8363:, pp. 61, 66–67.
7934:Ecology and Evolution
7348:(2 & 3): 169–189.
6563:, pp. 26, 64–66.
5142:Panthera principialis
4968:Nature Communications
4883:10.1101/gr.186668.114
4462:Zoologischer Anzeiger
3726:Renaissance Quarterly
3708:On the Latin language
3698:Varro, M. T. (1938).
3621:Linnaeus, C. (1758).
3377:
3301:charismatic megafauna
3287:
3278:Further information:
3268:Cultural significance
3094:
3048:
2967:
2698:Further information:
2616:
2599:Inbreeding depression
2584:of southern Myanmar,
2559:habitat fragmentation
2478:species in India and
2417:
2372:
2314:
2262:
2183:
1951:Chitwan National Park
1944:
1937:Behaviour and ecology
1780:Indochinese Peninsula
1765:
1714:inbreeding depression
1667:
1630:
1581:
1543:Further information:
1054:Indochinese Peninsula
1010:postorbital processes
811:Greater Sunda Islands
729:Reginald Innes Pocock
610:charismatic megafauna
17852:Mammals of East Asia
17114:Long-tailed weasel (
16692:Lyncodon patagonicus
16341:Greater hog badger (
15863:Sunda stink badger (
15553:Hawaiian monk seal (
15276:Guadalupe fur seal (
15249:Antarctic fur seal (
15240:Galápagos fur seal (
15136:Galápagos sea lion (
14254:Common raccoon dog (
14106:Cape gray mongoose (
14046:Jackson's mongoose (
14006:Paracynictis selousi
13997:Cynictis penicillata
13621:Durrell's vontsira (
13209:Giant forest genet (
13001:Large Indian civet (
12941:Small Indian civet (
12550:Sunda leopard cat (
12326:Southern tiger cat (
12262:African golden cat (
11939:African palm civet (
11028:10.2461/wbp.2013.9.6
9727:"Living with tigers
9043:: e.T15965A5334628.
8720:Conservation Biology
8375:, pp. 270, 276.
8334:Journal of Mammalogy
7308:Journal of Mammalogy
6662:Journal of Mammalogy
5298:"Genomic Imprinting"
4753:Schwarz, E. (1912).
4632:) of Southeast Asia"
4314:. 1804–1811: 39–159.
4306:Illiger, C. (1815).
3524:List of largest cats
2508:feline panleukopenia
2498:species in Siberia.
2377:The tiger generally
2345:Rajaji National Park
1839:tropical dry forests
1687:-brown stripes. The
1533:Last Glacial Maximum
832:. Results of a 2018
557:, in large areas of
534:and preys mainly on
17832:Fauna of South Asia
17157:M. aistoodonnivalis
16993:Hairy-nosed otter (
16910:Neotropical otter (
16690:Patagonian weasel (
16153:White-nosed coati (
15353:Cystophora cristata
15344:Erignathus barbatus
15077:Northern fur seal (
14854:Helarctos malayanus
14490:Atelocynus microtis
14197:U. cinereoargenteus
14088:Egyptian mongoose (
14015:Rhynchogale melleri
14013:Meller's mongoose (
14004:Selous's mongoose (
13988:Ichneumia albicauda
13942:Collared mongoose (
13816:Angolan kusimanse (
13700:Liberian mongoose (
13053:West African oyan (
12952:Civettictis civetta
12883:Golden palm civet (
12841:Masked palm civet (
12816:Arctictis binturong
12790:Hemigalus derbyanus
12788:Banded palm civet (
12779:Hose's palm civet (
12568:Rusty-spotted cat (
11473:, pp. 156, 164
11387:2018PLoSO..1399149A
11263:, pp. 204–205.
11216:, pp. 140–141.
11204:, pp. 202–204.
11094:, pp. 126–130.
11082:, pp. 179–180.
11057:, pp. 111–113.
10919:, pp. 108–110.
10882:Integrative Zoology
10802:, pp. 187–200.
10771:2008CBio...18..592L
10732:2017BiCon..26.2383G
10659:2021BioBu..48.1401R
10647:Biological Bulletin
10560:2023JNatC..7626501R
10524:2024EMdAs..29..405R
10485:2020BCons.25208848H
10426:2023EcoEv..1310140B
10406:"Connecting tiger (
10337:Integrative Zoology
10237:2018GEcoC..1300382H
10190:2006EnMan..37...30L
10157:on 11 November 2023
10120:Political Geography
9786:2020AnCon..23..741L
9774:Animal Conservation
9595:2020GEcoC..2200960D
9554:2023ConSP...5E2952U
9458:2022ConSP...4E.622K
9399:2023GeoJo..88..753N
9358:2020ConSP...2E.247P
9282:2015BCons.182....1N
9231:Moschus moschiferus
9206:2018BCons.219..105L
9169:2019GEcoC..2000766R
9085:2021PeoNa...3..281J
8951:Integrative Zoology
8916:2019ESPol..94....9D
8865:2017RemS....9..747S
8824:2021GEcoC..2901718S
8732:2022ConBi..36E3909S
8525:Pandey, G. (2011).
8391:Nature Conservation
8234:Integrative Zoology
8042:2018BCons.219..119T
7999:2013BCons.163...68S
7946:2021EcoEv..11.4774B
7905:2011JApEc..48..806H
7858:2010EcoR...25..875O
7846:Ecological Research
7815:1995JAnEc..64..439K
7693:, pp. 297–300.
7657:, pp. 295–296.
7508:, pp. 284–285.
7460:2015BCons.192...57F
7281:2023FWebs..3400268V
7230:Integrative Zoology
7172:, pp. 256–258.
7160:, pp. 257–258.
7098:, pp. 258–261.
7002:, pp. 262–263.
6978:, pp. 244–251.
6859:2008JCEco..34..659B
6739:2013PLoSO...877980J
6493:2019Ecosc..26....1P
6438:2016PLoSO..1152119N
6379:2012PNAS..10915360C
6373:(38): 15360–15365.
6340:2015BCons.184...18R
6303:2021ConSP...3E.560P
6264:2009PopEc..51..115L
6227:2019JApEc..56.1725B
6168:2011PLoSO...625931W
6068:Zoological Research
6041:(13): 12833–12836.
5976:, pp. 108–112.
5896:2021PNAS..11825273S
5890:(39): e2025273118.
5844:Xavier, N. (2010).
5640:(1710): 1373–1380.
5438:Integrative Zoology
5195:2023HBio...35..293J
5159:2023PdPe..103..465H
5050:2011PLoSO...625483M
4980:2013NatCo...4.2433C
4932:2010MolPE..56...64D
4651:2006MamBi..71..268M
4497:2023NatEE...7.1914S
4355:2009PLoSO...4.4125D
4285:2010MamBi..75...45M
4012:2018CBio...28E3840L
3892:2015SciA....1E0175W
3398:, the tiger is the
3243:Siegfried & Roy
3197:. The Mongol ruler
3024:of prey species in
3018:habitat restoration
3012:problem tigers and
2986:Terai Arc Landscape
2706:
2638:units in Sumatra's
2555:Habitat destruction
2451:Health and diseases
2269:Kanha Tiger Reserve
2245:Indian rhinoceroses
1999:Panna Tiger Reserve
1776:Indian subcontinent
1720:in captive tigers.
1718:genetic variability
1453:The fossil species
1105:
1022:extinct in the wild
883:Indian subcontinent
854:
579:habitat destruction
524:Indian subcontinent
153:Conservation status
144:Kanha Tiger Reserve
17272:European polecat (
17105:Colombian weasel (
16755:(African polecats)
16383:Caucasian badger (
16311:(Eurasian badgers)
15761:(hog-nosed skunks)
15498:("southern seals")
15397:Halichoerus grypus
15328:("northern seals")
15200:Phocarctos hookeri
15105:Eumetopias jubatus
15103:Steller sea lion (
14885:Asian black bear (
14635:African wild dog (
14589:(wolf-like canids)
13866:Atilax paludinosus
13825:Common kusimanse (
13752:Dologale dybowskii
13724:Gambian mongoose (
13508:Western falanouc (
13499:Eastern falanouc (
13468:Cryptoprocta ferox
13373:Parahyaena brunnea
13128:Johnston's genet (
13083:Abyssinian genet (
13035:(African linsangs)
12943:Viverricula indica
12874:Brown palm civet (
12865:Asian palm civet (
12772:Cynogale bennettii
12763:Chrotogale owstoni
12659:European wildcat (
12650:Black-footed cat (
12240:Leptailurus serval
12208:Asian golden cat (
11974:(Asiatic linsangs)
11647:Mills, S. (2004).
11587:Green, S. (2006).
11460:, pp. 39, 46.
11350:on 20 January 2008
10863:, pp. 125–142
10435:10.1002/ece3.10140
9623:Henry, L. (2020).
9563:10.1111/csp2.12952
9094:10.1002/pan3.10177
9021:Nyhus, P. (2008).
8741:10.1111/cobi.13909
8503:, pp. 59, 89.
7776:Journal of Zoology
7706:Biological Reviews
7416:Perry, R. (1965).
7200:Journal of Zoology
6528:Journal of Zoology
6252:Population Ecology
6004:, pp. 265–267
5806:10.1038/cr.2017.32
5590:, pp. 99–102.
5370:Mazák, V. (1981).
5183:Historical Biology
5103:(1774): 20132686.
4988:10.1038/ncomms3433
4816:(Schwarz, 1912)".
4784:Mazak, V. (2004).
3480:, while the tiger
3388:
3378:The Hindu goddess
3297:
3193:hunts and used to
3100:
3051:
2982:Wildlife corridors
2970:
2704:
2700:21st Century Tiger
2694:Tiger conservation
2623:
2603:Changbai Mountains
2582:Tanintharyi Region
2570:transmission lines
2524:feline herpesvirus
2512:feline coronavirus
2423:
2375:
2321:
2277:bite to the throat
2272:
2193:
1947:
1931:selectively logged
1902:population density
1889:Population density
1879:peat swamp forests
1772:
1733:population genetic
1673:
1668:Pseudo-melanistic
1633:
1584:
1448:repeated sequences
1098:
1076:(Luo et al., 2004)
847:
603:wildlife corridors
530:. The tiger is an
484:species native to
17719:
17718:
17598:Open Tree of Life
17336:Taxon identifiers
17327:
17326:
17323:
17322:
17319:
17318:
17315:
17314:
17311:
17310:
17290:Siberian weasel (
17281:American ermine (
17209:Japanese weasel (
17164:Mountain weasel (
17148:
17071:
17070:
16857:
16842:
16841:
16838:
16837:
16826:Striped polecat (
16776:Marbled polecat (
16758:
16743:
16742:
16715:
16663:
16662:
16642:Japanese marten (
16588:American marten (
16581:
16439:M. cucphuongensis
16430:
16413:
16412:
16401:European badger (
16374:Japanese badger (
16314:
16267:American badger (
16230:
16229:
16226:
16225:
16202:
16201:
16198:
16197:
16126:
16085:Northern olingo (
16069:
16044:Cozumel raccoon (
16019:
15943:
15942:
15897:
15856:
15764:
15745:
15687:
15686:
15683:
15682:
15679:
15678:
15675:
15674:
15671:
15670:
15661:Ommatophoca rossi
15634:Hydrurga leptonyx
15621:
15618:(Antarctic seals)
15591:M. angustirostris
15582:
15565:
15564:
15531:Monachus monachus
15518:
15501:
15486:
15485:
15482:
15481:
15331:
15314:
15297:
15296:
15159:Otaria flavescens
15148:
15147:
15059:
15027:Odobenus rosmarus
14991:
14990:
14987:
14986:
14983:
14982:
14979:
14978:
14942:
14919:
14918:
14915:
14914:
14817:Spectacled bear (
14775:
14751:
14750:
14747:
14746:
14743:
14742:
14591:
14578:
14577:
14497:Crab-eating fox (
14488:Short-eared dog (
14436:
14421:
14408:
14407:
14290:
14232:Otocyon megalotis
14176:
14143:
14142:
14139:
14138:
14135:
14134:
14131:
14130:
14127:
14126:
13995:Yellow mongoose (
13846:
13845:
13733:Banded mongoose (
13702:Liberiictus kuhni
13656:
13637:
13636:
13633:
13632:
13520:
13519:
13446:
13415:
13414:
13411:
13410:
13407:
13406:
13351:
13312:
13278:
13277:
13274:
13273:
13270:
13269:
13242:
13241:
13238:
13237:
13234:
13233:
13230:
13229:
13182:Servaline genet (
13101:Bourlon's genet (
13076:
13037:
13013:
13012:
12895:
12894:
12867:P. hermaphroditus
12719:
12718:
12715:
12714:
12711:
12710:
12687:
12686:
12683:
12682:
12679:
12678:
12675:
12674:
12671:
12670:
12632:African wildcat (
12589:
12588:
12559:Flat-headed cat (
12499:
12498:
12283:
12282:
12220:
12219:
12134:
12133:
12130:
12129:
12058:Clouded leopard (
12017:
11992:Spotted linsang (
11976:
11941:Nandinia binotata
11759:Media related to
11740:978-90-04-08876-4
11639:978-0-08-094751-8
11617:978-0-7607-1969-5
11598:978-1-86189-276-8
11494:978-1-85538-118-6
11181:10.1002/zoo.21361
11145:10.1002/zoo.21746
10943:, pp. 73–74.
10726:(10): 2383–2399.
9794:10.1111/acv.12591
9073:People and Nature
8874:10.3390/rs9070747
8515:, pp. 55–56.
8480:10.1002/zoo.21610
8167:, pp. 50–51.
7954:10.1002/ece3.7380
7718:10.1111/brv.12998
7046:978-0-226-77999-7
7033:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
6966:, pp. 85–86.
6827:, pp. 54–55.
6540:10.1111/jzo.12622
6115:"How many tigers
5746:(154): 20190183.
5513:978-0-8018-5789-8
5380:Mammalian Species
4795:978-3-89432-759-0
4639:Mammalian Biology
4491:(11): 1914–1929.
4273:Mammalian Biology
4189:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
4006:(23): 3840–3849.
3849:978-0-8018-8221-0
3822:Wozencraft, W. C.
3650:, Linnaeus, 1758"
3408:Greco-Roman world
3337:Year of the Tiger
3329:Chinese astrology
3031:breeding programs
2914:
2913:
2533:Toxoplasma gondii
2520:canine parvovirus
2465:Taenia pisiformis
2432:Generation length
2319:attacking a tiger
2252:and supplements.
2209:Manchurian wapiti
2120:
1855:Eastern Himalayas
1766:Camera trap of a
1752:genetic isolation
1660:Colour variations
1599:and a lengthened
1487:P. palaeosinensis
1474:Panthera zdanskyi
1416:
1415:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1288:
1287:
1215:
1214:
1096:
1095:
1037:Indochinese tiger
977:South China tiger
818:mitochondrial DNA
725:Ulisse Aldrovandi
626:appear in culture
462:
461:
456:
445:
434:
391:P. t. trinilensis
193:
176:
16:(Redirected from
17909:
17784:
17783:
17772:
17771:
17760:
17759:
17748:
17747:
17736:
17735:
17727:
17712:
17711:
17699:
17698:
17686:
17685:
17673:
17672:
17671:
17645:
17644:
17632:
17631:
17619:
17618:
17606:
17605:
17593:
17592:
17580:
17579:
17567:
17566:
17564:NHMSYS0000377066
17554:
17553:
17541:
17540:
17528:
17527:
17515:
17514:
17502:
17501:
17489:
17488:
17476:
17475:
17463:
17462:
17450:
17449:
17437:
17436:
17427:
17426:
17414:
17413:
17401:
17400:
17391:
17390:
17378:
17377:
17376:
17363:
17362:
17361:
17331:
17330:
17263:Malayan weasel (
17182:Steppe polecat (
17155:Sichuan weasel (
17147:
17146:
17142:
17082:
17081:
17019:L. perspicillata
16984:Eurasian otter (
16861:
16860:
16856:
16855:
16851:
16762:
16761:
16757:
16756:
16752:
16731:Greater grison (
16714:
16713:
16709:
16683:
16682:
16674:
16673:
16624:Nilgiri marten (
16597:Pacific marten (
16580:
16579:
16575:
16501:
16500:
16484:M. subaurantiaca
16429:
16428:
16427:(ferret-badgers)
16424:
16318:
16317:
16313:
16312:
16308:
16260:
16259:
16249:
16248:
16236:
16235:
16130:
16129:
16125:
16124:
16120:
16068:
16067:
16063:
16018:
16017:
16013:
15954:
15953:
15896:
15895:
15894:(spotted skunks)
15891:
15855:
15854:
15850:
15763:
15762:
15758:
15749:
15748:
15744:
15743:
15735:
15706:
15705:
15693:
15692:
15650:Crabeater seal (
15625:
15624:
15620:
15619:
15615:
15581:
15580:
15579:(elephant seals)
15576:
15555:N. schauinslandi
15522:
15521:
15517:
15516:
15512:
15505:
15504:
15500:
15499:
15495:
15370:
15369:
15335:
15334:
15330:
15329:
15325:
15318:
15317:
15313:
15312:
15306:
15267:Brown fur seal (
15242:A. galapagoensis
15129:Z. californianus
15096:
15095:
15063:
15062:
15058:
15057:
15043:
15013:
15012:
15005:
14997:
14996:
14941:
14940:
14936:
14930:
14929:
14845:Melursus ursinus
14836:
14835:
14779:
14778:
14774:
14771:
14764:
14763:
14731:Ethiopian wolf (
14595:
14594:
14590:
14587:
14440:
14439:
14435:
14432:
14425:
14424:
14420:
14417:
14306:Blanford's fox (
14289:
14282:
14223:
14222:
14181:
14180:
14175:
14172:
14165:
14164:
14157:
14149:
14148:
13951:Ruddy mongoose (
13933:Javan mongoose (
13864:Marsh mongoose (
13857:
13856:
13836:C. platycephalus
13669:
13668:
13660:
13659:
13655:
13652:
13650:
13531:
13530:
13475:Malagasy civet (
13459:
13458:
13450:
13449:
13445:
13440:
13433:
13432:
13428:
13355:
13354:
13350:
13347:
13316:
13315:
13311:
13308:
13301:
13300:
13297:
13296:
13284:
13283:
13248:
13247:
13075:
13072:
13036:
13033:
13024:
13023:
12934:
12933:
12930:
12919:
12918:
12914:
12901:
12900:
12807:
12806:
12749:
12748:
12738:
12737:
12725:
12724:
12519:Otocolobus manul
12510:
12509:
12432:
12431:
12308:Geoffroy's cat (
12231:
12230:
12161:
12160:
12152:
12151:
12147:
12035:
12034:
12026:
12025:
12022:
12021:
12016:
12013:
12006:
12005:
11983:Banded linsang (
11975:
11972:
11964:
11963:
11953:
11952:
11932:
11931:
11921:
11920:
11913:
11905:
11904:
11850:
11843:
11836:
11827:
11826:
11822:
11802:
11790:
11777:Data related to
11776:
11758:
11744:
11713:
11688:
11664:
11643:
11621:
11602:
11583:
11550:
11544:
11538:
11532:
11523:
11517:
11511:
11505:
11499:
11498:
11480:
11474:
11467:
11461:
11455:
11449:
11448:
11430:
11419:
11418:
11408:
11398:
11366:
11360:
11359:
11357:
11355:
11334:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11323:
11312:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11301:
11282:
11276:
11270:
11264:
11258:
11252:
11251:
11223:
11217:
11211:
11205:
11199:
11193:
11192:
11164:
11158:
11157:
11147:
11123:
11117:
11116:
11114:
11112:
11101:
11095:
11089:
11083:
11077:
11071:
11064:
11058:
11052:
11046:
11045:
11039:
11031:
11007:
11001:
10995:
10989:
10988:
10978:
10950:
10944:
10938:
10932:
10926:
10920:
10914:
10908:
10907:
10897:
10873:
10864:
10849:
10840:
10834:
10828:
10827:
10809:
10803:
10797:
10791:
10790:
10753:
10744:
10743:
10711:
10705:
10704:
10702:
10677:
10671:
10670:
10653:(8): 1401–1423.
10637:
10631:
10630:
10620:
10611:
10605:
10604:
10602:
10600:
10594:
10587:
10578:
10572:
10571:
10542:
10536:
10535:
10503:
10497:
10496:
10464:
10458:
10457:
10447:
10437:
10401:
10395:
10394:
10392:
10367:
10361:
10360:
10327:
10321:
10320:
10306:
10300:
10299:
10287:
10281:
10280:
10278:
10276:
10257:
10251:
10250:
10248:
10216:
10210:
10209:
10173:
10167:
10166:
10164:
10162:
10142:
10136:
10135:
10115:
10109:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10098:
10091:
10076:
10070:
10069:
10067:
10065:
10059:
10052:
10043:
10037:
10036:
10018:
10009:
10008:
10006:
9993:
9984:
9978:
9972:
9971:
9967:
9961:
9960:
9958:
9956:
9950:
9943:
9932:
9926:
9925:
9923:
9921:
9906:
9879:
9878:
9876:
9874:
9868:
9861:
9850:
9841:
9840:
9838:
9828:
9804:
9798:
9797:
9769:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9750:
9722:
9716:
9715:
9709:
9701:
9699:
9679:
9673:
9672:
9651:
9645:
9644:
9642:
9640:
9620:
9609:
9608:
9606:
9574:
9568:
9567:
9565:
9533:
9524:
9523:
9521:
9493:
9487:
9486:
9478:
9472:
9471:
9469:
9467:10.1111/csp2.622
9437:
9431:
9430:
9420:
9410:
9378:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9367:10.1111/csp2.247
9337:
9331:
9330:
9328:
9326:
9320:
9313:
9302:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9261:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9224:
9218:
9217:
9189:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9148:
9142:
9141:
9139:
9129:
9105:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9064:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9018:
9012:
9011:
9009:
8981:
8975:
8974:
8946:
8940:
8939:
8937:
8927:
8895:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8876:
8844:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8803:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8770:
8764:
8763:
8753:
8743:
8711:
8705:
8704:
8694:
8666:
8660:
8659:
8642:(4): 1252–1256.
8630:
8624:
8623:
8613:
8577:
8571:
8565:
8559:
8553:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8522:
8516:
8510:
8504:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8465:
8452:
8446:
8445:
8443:
8415:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8382:
8376:
8370:
8364:
8358:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8321:
8312:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8269:
8258:
8257:
8229:
8223:
8222:
8201:
8195:
8189:
8180:
8174:
8168:
8162:
8156:
8150:
8137:
8131:
8125:
8124:
8100:
8085:
8079:
8073:
8067:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8017:
8011:
8010:
7982:
7976:
7975:
7965:
7940:(9): 4774–4785.
7925:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7876:
7870:
7869:
7841:
7835:
7834:
7798:
7792:
7791:
7759:
7750:
7744:
7738:
7737:
7712:(6): 2114–2135.
7700:
7694:
7688:
7682:
7676:
7670:
7664:
7658:
7652:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7619:
7613:
7607:
7601:
7595:
7589:
7583:
7574:
7568:
7562:
7556:
7550:
7544:
7538:
7532:
7526:
7520:
7509:
7503:
7497:
7491:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7439:
7430:
7429:
7413:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7396:
7374:(8): 2852–2862.
7365:
7356:
7350:
7349:
7339:
7330:
7324:
7323:
7314:(6): 1302–1316.
7299:
7293:
7292:
7260:
7254:
7253:
7225:
7216:
7215:
7191:
7185:
7179:
7173:
7167:
7161:
7155:
7149:
7148:
7120:
7114:
7108:
7099:
7093:
7087:
7081:
7075:
7069:
7063:
7057:
7051:
7050:
7024:
7015:
7009:
7003:
6997:
6991:
6985:
6979:
6973:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6949:
6943:
6942:
6919:Animal Behaviour
6910:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6878:
6834:
6828:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6795:
6786:
6780:
6771:
6770:
6760:
6750:
6714:
6708:
6707:
6686:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6610:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6570:
6564:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6459:
6449:
6417:
6411:
6410:
6400:
6390:
6358:
6352:
6351:
6323:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6312:10.1111/csp2.560
6282:
6276:
6275:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6221:(7): 1725–1740.
6206:
6200:
6199:
6189:
6179:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6093:
6083:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6011:
6005:
5997:
5991:
5990:, pp. 71–99
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5937:
5928:
5927:
5917:
5907:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5850:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5817:
5791:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5765:
5755:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5701:
5695:
5694:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5657:
5625:
5619:
5618:, pp. 18–21
5612:
5591:
5585:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5563:, pp. 19−34
5557:
5540:
5539:
5533:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5491:
5485:
5479:
5473:
5467:
5458:
5457:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5391:
5367:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5261:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5239:
5233:
5232:, pp. 53–84
5226:
5215:
5214:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5120:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5071:
5061:
5029:
5018:
5017:
5007:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4894:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4750:
4741:
4740:
4730:
4720:
4689:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4636:
4623:
4610:
4609:
4578:
4569:
4568:
4558:
4526:
4517:
4516:
4479:
4470:
4469:
4453:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4418:
4405:
4404:, pp. xv–xx
4398:
4387:
4386:
4376:
4366:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4264:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4244:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4214:
4193:
4180:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4130:
4120:
4095:
4084:
4083:
4073:
4056:(6): 2366–2379.
4040:
4034:
4033:
4023:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3974:
3963:
3953:
3940:
3939:, pp. 19–39
3933:
3922:
3921:
3911:
3880:Science Advances
3871:
3862:
3861:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3792:
3781:
3780:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3721:
3712:
3711:
3704:De lingua latina
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3618:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3565:
3416:Korean mythology
3382:riding a tiger.
3305:Kailash Sankhala
3173:
3163:
3145:
2918:CITES Appendix I
2889:
2888:
2871:
2870:
2853:
2852:
2835:
2834:
2817:
2816:
2799:
2798:
2781:
2780:
2763:
2762:
2745:
2744:
2727:
2726:
2707:
2703:
2675:Ho Chi Minh City
2500:Canine distemper
2458:Diphyllobothrium
2176:Hunting and diet
2142:flehmen response
2122:
2121:
2100:
2035:
2022:
1859:temperate forest
1847:mangrove forests
1815:riparian forests
1784:Russian Far East
1650:Fourier analysis
1617:insular dwarfism
1408:based on a 2016
1362:
1342:
1329:
1328:
1315:
1302:
1301:
1279:
1259:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1193:
1175:
1160:
1141:
1130:
1129:(Temminck, 1944)
1106:
1104:
1103:(Temminck, 1844)
1097:
1092:
1077:
1063:
1049:
1031:
989:
971:
954:Russian Far East
949:
931:
917:
896:
878:
877:(Linnaeus, 1758)
855:
853:
852:(Linnaeus, 1758)
846:
704:and gave it the
665:
512:Russian Far East
451:
440:
426:
404:
388:
378:
368:
331:
208:
207:
187:
170:
165:
164:
133:
123:
53:
49:Temporal range:
43:
42:
21:
17917:
17916:
17912:
17911:
17910:
17908:
17907:
17906:
17792:
17791:
17790:
17778:
17766:
17754:
17742:
17730:
17722:
17720:
17715:
17707:
17702:
17694:
17689:
17681:
17676:
17667:
17666:
17661:
17648:
17640:
17635:
17627:
17622:
17614:
17609:
17601:
17596:
17588:
17585:Observation.org
17583:
17575:
17570:
17562:
17557:
17549:
17544:
17536:
17531:
17523:
17518:
17510:
17505:
17497:
17492:
17484:
17479:
17471:
17466:
17458:
17453:
17445:
17440:
17432:
17430:
17422:
17417:
17409:
17404:
17396:
17394:
17388:Panthera_tigris
17386:
17381:
17374:Panthera tigris
17372:
17371:
17366:
17357:
17356:
17351:
17344:Panthera tigris
17338:
17328:
17307:
17283:M. richardsonii
17227:European mink (
17144:
17143:
17141:
17131:
17123:American mink (
17096:Amazon weasel (
17067:
17025:
17001:
16968:
16951:
16927:
16876:
16853:
16852:
16850:
16834:
16801:
16784:
16754:
16753:
16751:
16739:
16722:Lesser grison (
16711:
16710:
16708:
16698:
16659:
16577:
16576:
16574:
16564:
16540:
16516:
16490:
16426:
16425:
16423:
16409:
16358:
16310:
16309:
16307:
16299:
16275:
16256:
16243:
16222:
16194:
16161:
16122:
16121:
16119:
16111:
16065:
16064:
16062:
16052:
16015:
16014:
16012:
16002:
15969:
15939:
15906:S. angustifrons
15893:
15892:
15890:
15880:
15853:(stink badgers)
15852:
15851:
15849:
15839:
15831:Striped skunk (
15806:
15800:C. semistriatus
15760:
15759:
15757:
15737:
15736:
15734:
15726:
15720:Ailurus fulgens
15700:
15667:
15617:
15616:
15614:
15606:
15578:
15577:
15575:
15561:
15537:
15514:
15513:
15511:
15497:
15496:
15494:
15478:
15436:
15403:
15359:
15327:
15326:
15324:
15310:
15308:
15307:
15305:
15293:
15206:
15189:
15165:
15144:
15111:
15085:
15052:
15047:
15045:
15044:
15042:
15038:
15033:
15007:
15003:
14975:
14955:
14938:
14937:
14911:
14860:
14825:
14801:
14772:
14770:
14760:
14739:
14668:Golden jackal (
14652:
14626:
14588:
14586:
14574:
14505:
14499:Cerdocyon thous
14479:
14455:
14433:
14431:
14418:
14416:
14404:
14369:Rüppell's fox (
14283:
14281:
14271:
14256:N. procyonoides
14238:
14230:Bat-eared fox (
14212:
14177:
14173:
14159:
14155:
14123:
14108:H. pulverulenta
14063:
14021:
13977:
13944:U. semitorquata
13899:U. auropunctata
13881:
13842:
13791:
13758:
13741:
13708:
13691:
13653:
13651:
13646:
13645:
13629:
13596:
13579:
13546:
13540:Galidia elegans
13516:
13483:
13443:
13441:
13439:
13429:
13424:
13403:
13395:Spotted hyena (
13379:
13362:Striped hyena (
13348:
13346:
13338:
13309:
13307:
13291:
13266:
13226:
13164:Aquatic genet (
13155:Pardine genet (
13092:Angolan genet (
13073:
13071:
13061:
13046:P. richardsonii
13034:
13032:
13009:
12992:Malayan civet (
12958:
12950:African civet (
12926:
12925:
12915:
12910:
12909:
12905:
12891:
12849:
12796:
12781:Diplogale hosei
12745:
12732:
12707:
12667:
12585:
12525:
12505:
12495:
12471:
12454:
12427:
12421:
12395:Eurasian lynx (
12370:
12279:
12246:
12226:
12216:
12183:
12156:
12148:
12143:
12126:
12066:
12018:
12014:
12000:
11973:
11960:
11947:
11928:
11915:
11911:
11899:
11861:
11854:
11813:Panthera tigris
11809:
11780:Panthera tigris
11762:Panthera tigris
11751:
11741:
11723:Linnaeus, 1758"
11721:Panthera tigris
11710:
11696:, eds. (1999).
11685:
11669:Schaller, G. B.
11661:
11640:
11629:Panthera tigris
11618:
11599:
11580:
11559:
11554:
11553:
11545:
11541:
11533:
11526:
11518:
11514:
11506:
11502:
11495:
11481:
11477:
11468:
11464:
11456:
11452:
11445:
11431:
11422:
11381:(7): e0199149.
11367:
11363:
11353:
11351:
11343:The Independent
11336:
11335:
11331:
11321:
11319:
11314:
11313:
11309:
11299:
11297:
11284:
11283:
11279:
11271:
11267:
11259:
11255:
11224:
11220:
11212:
11208:
11200:
11196:
11165:
11161:
11124:
11120:
11110:
11108:
11103:
11102:
11098:
11090:
11086:
11078:
11074:
11065:
11061:
11053:
11049:
11033:
11032:
11012:Panthera tigris
11008:
11004:
10996:
10992:
10951:
10947:
10939:
10935:
10927:
10923:
10915:
10911:
10874:
10867:
10853:Panthera tigris
10850:
10843:
10835:
10831:
10824:
10810:
10806:
10798:
10794:
10759:Current Biology
10754:
10747:
10716:Panthera tigris
10712:
10708:
10678:
10674:
10638:
10634:
10618:
10612:
10608:
10598:
10596:
10592:
10585:
10579:
10575:
10543:
10539:
10504:
10500:
10469:Panthera tigris
10465:
10461:
10408:Panthera tigris
10402:
10398:
10368:
10364:
10328:
10324:
10307:
10303:
10288:
10284:
10274:
10272:
10258:
10254:
10217:
10213:
10174:
10170:
10160:
10158:
10149:Panthera tigris
10147:"The future of
10143:
10139:
10116:
10112:
10102:
10100:
10096:
10089:
10077:
10073:
10063:
10061:
10057:
10050:
10044:
10040:
10033:
10019:
10012:
9994:
9987:
9979:
9975:
9968:
9964:
9954:
9952:
9948:
9941:
9933:
9929:
9919:
9917:
9908:
9907:
9882:
9872:
9870:
9866:
9859:
9851:
9844:
9805:
9801:
9770:
9766:
9729:Panthera tigris
9723:
9719:
9703:
9702:
9697:10.4137/EHI.S24
9680:
9676:
9652:
9648:
9638:
9636:
9621:
9612:
9575:
9571:
9534:
9527:
9500:Panthera tigris
9494:
9490:
9479:
9475:
9438:
9434:
9379:
9375:
9338:
9334:
9324:
9322:
9318:
9311:
9303:
9299:
9262:
9258:
9225:
9221:
9190:
9186:
9149:
9145:
9106:
9102:
9065:
9058:
9025:Panthera tigris
9019:
9015:
8982:
8978:
8957:(6): 994–1008.
8947:
8943:
8896:
8892:
8845:
8841:
8804:
8800:
8771:
8767:
8712:
8708:
8667:
8663:
8631:
8627:
8578:
8574:
8566:
8562:
8554:
8550:
8540:
8538:
8523:
8519:
8511:
8507:
8499:
8495:
8463:
8459:Panthera tigris
8453:
8449:
8416:
8412:
8383:
8379:
8371:
8367:
8359:
8355:
8328:Panthera tigris
8322:
8315:
8307:
8303:
8270:
8261:
8230:
8226:
8207:Mammal Research
8202:
8198:
8190:
8183:
8175:
8171:
8163:
8159:
8151:
8140:
8132:
8128:
8107:in Rajasthan".
8105:Panthera tigris
8101:
8088:
8080:
8076:
8068:
8059:
8024:Panthera tigris
8018:
8014:
7983:
7979:
7926:
7922:
7887:Panthera tigris
7883:Panthera pardus
7877:
7873:
7842:
7838:
7799:
7795:
7768:Panthera pardus
7764:Panthera tigris
7760:
7753:
7745:
7741:
7701:
7697:
7689:
7685:
7677:
7673:
7665:
7661:
7653:
7649:
7620:
7616:
7608:
7604:
7596:
7592:
7584:
7577:
7569:
7565:
7557:
7553:
7545:
7541:
7533:
7529:
7521:
7512:
7504:
7500:
7492:
7485:
7440:
7433:
7414:
7410:
7400:
7398:
7394:
7363:
7357:
7353:
7337:
7331:
7327:
7304:Panthera tigris
7300:
7296:
7261:
7257:
7226:
7219:
7196:Panthera tigris
7192:
7188:
7180:
7176:
7168:
7164:
7156:
7152:
7121:
7117:
7109:
7102:
7094:
7090:
7082:
7078:
7070:
7066:
7058:
7054:
7047:
7031:Panthera tigris
7025:
7018:
7010:
7006:
6998:
6994:
6986:
6982:
6974:
6970:
6962:
6958:
6950:
6946:
6915:Panthera tigris
6911:
6907:
6897:
6895:
6841:Panthera tigris
6835:
6831:
6823:
6819:
6796:
6789:
6781:
6774:
6721:Panthera tigris
6715:
6711:
6692:Mammal Research
6687:
6683:
6650:
6646:
6615:Panthera tigris
6611:
6604:
6577:Panthera tigris
6571:
6567:
6559:
6555:
6520:
6516:
6477:
6473:
6432:(4): e0152119.
6418:
6414:
6359:
6355:
6324:
6320:
6283:
6279:
6248:
6244:
6207:
6203:
6148:
6144:
6117:Panthera tigris
6111:
6107:
6060:
6056:
6027:
6023:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5994:
5984:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5938:
5931:
5876:
5872:
5862:
5860:
5853:Current Science
5848:
5842:
5838:
5828:
5826:
5789:
5783:
5779:
5732:
5728:
5702:
5698:
5675:
5671:
5626:
5622:
5613:
5594:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5567:
5558:
5543:
5527:
5526:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5498:Panthera tigris
5492:
5488:
5480:
5476:
5468:
5461:
5433:
5429:
5421:
5417:
5409:
5405:
5389:10.2307/3504004
5374:Panthera tigris
5368:
5317:
5307:
5305:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5227:
5218:
5178:
5174:
5138:
5134:
5089:
5085:
5030:
5021:
4959:
4955:
4912:
4908:
4871:Genome Research
4863:
4859:
4838:
4831:
4807:
4803:
4796:
4782:
4778:
4765:(57): 324–326.
4751:
4744:
4697:Panthera tigris
4690:
4681:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4634:
4630:Panthera tigris
4624:
4613:
4579:
4572:
4527:
4520:
4480:
4473:
4454:
4447:
4439:
4435:
4419:
4408:
4399:
4390:
4335:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4304:
4300:
4269:Panthera tigris
4265:
4258:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4191:
4187:Panthera tigris
4181:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4096:
4087:
4041:
4037:
4000:Current Biology
3992:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3961:
3954:
3943:
3934:
3925:
3886:(5): e1400175.
3872:
3865:
3850:
3828:Panthera tigris
3819:
3812:
3799:Panthera tigris
3793:
3784:
3765:
3761:
3732:(3): 977–1006.
3722:
3715:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3665:
3661:
3648:Panthera tigris
3642:
3638:
3619:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3572:Panthera tigris
3566:
3547:
3542:
3520:
3514:cereal mascot.
3504:Winnie-the-Pooh
3491:The Jungle Book
3486:Rudyard Kipling
3313:Western culture
3282:
3276:
3270:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3135:
3115:Champawat Tiger
3089:
3083:
3062:
3056:
3043:
2883:
2865:
2847:
2829:
2811:
2793:
2775:
2757:
2739:
2721:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2542:
2453:
2428:sexually mature
2365:
2358:
2309:
2241:Asian elephants
2195:The tiger is a
2178:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2090:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
1983:
1939:
1894:Camera trapping
1891:
1883:montane forests
1843:alluvial plains
1760:
1739:is caused by a
1677:colour variants
1662:
1625:
1576:
1574:Characteristics
1551:
1549:Panthera hybrid
1541:
1524:phylogeographic
1511:P. t. acutidens
1505:P. t. soloensis
1481:likely to be a
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1289:
1220:
1183:
1150:
1124:
1102:
1071:
1039:
982:P. t. amoyensis
979:
958:Northeast China
939:
907:
872:
851:
791:Sumatran tigers
747:
739:Panthera tigris
711:, as the genus
706:scientific name
701:Systema Naturae
692:
659:Classical Greek
634:
547:locally extinct
516:Northeast China
471:Panthera tigris
438:Tigris striatus
381:P. t. soloensis
371:P. t. acutidens
340:
333:
329:Panthera tigris
327:
314:
202:
194:
177:
166:
162:
155:
124:
122:
121:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
17915:
17905:
17904:
17899:
17894:
17889:
17884:
17879:
17874:
17869:
17864:
17859:
17854:
17849:
17844:
17842:Felids of Asia
17839:
17834:
17829:
17824:
17819:
17814:
17809:
17807:Apex predators
17804:
17789:
17788:
17776:
17764:
17752:
17740:
17717:
17716:
17714:
17713:
17700:
17687:
17674:
17658:
17656:
17650:
17649:
17647:
17646:
17633:
17620:
17607:
17594:
17581:
17568:
17555:
17542:
17529:
17516:
17503:
17490:
17477:
17464:
17451:
17438:
17428:
17415:
17402:
17392:
17379:
17364:
17348:
17346:
17340:
17339:
17325:
17324:
17321:
17320:
17317:
17316:
17313:
17312:
17309:
17308:
17306:
17305:
17301:M. strigidorsa
17296:
17287:
17278:
17269:
17260:
17254:Least weasel (
17251:
17242:
17233:
17224:
17215:
17206:
17200:Haida ermine (
17197:
17188:
17184:M. eversmannii
17179:
17170:
17161:
17151:
17149:
17133:
17132:
17130:
17129:
17120:
17111:
17102:
17092:
17090:
17079:
17073:
17072:
17069:
17068:
17066:
17065:
17056:
17047:
17037:
17035:
17027:
17026:
17024:
17023:
17013:
17011:
17003:
17002:
17000:
16999:
16990:
16980:
16978:
16970:
16969:
16967:
16966:
16956:
16953:
16952:
16950:
16949:
16939:
16937:
16929:
16928:
16926:
16925:
16916:
16912:L. longicaudis
16907:
16901:Marine otter (
16898:
16888:
16886:
16878:
16877:
16875:
16874:
16864:
16858:
16844:
16843:
16840:
16839:
16836:
16835:
16833:
16832:
16823:
16813:
16811:
16803:
16802:
16800:
16799:
16789:
16786:
16785:
16783:
16782:
16772:
16770:
16759:
16745:
16744:
16741:
16740:
16738:
16737:
16728:
16718:
16716:
16700:
16699:
16697:
16696:
16686:
16680:
16671:
16665:
16664:
16661:
16660:
16658:
16657:
16648:
16639:
16630:
16621:
16615:Beech marten (
16612:
16603:
16594:
16584:
16582:
16566:
16565:
16563:
16562:
16552:
16550:
16542:
16541:
16539:
16538:
16528:
16526:
16518:
16517:
16515:
16514:
16504:
16498:
16492:
16491:
16489:
16488:
16479:
16470:
16461:
16452:
16443:
16433:
16431:
16415:
16414:
16411:
16410:
16408:
16407:
16398:
16392:Asian badger (
16389:
16380:
16370:
16368:
16360:
16359:
16357:
16356:
16347:
16338:
16334:A. albogularis
16328:
16326:
16315:
16301:
16300:
16298:
16297:
16291:Honey badger (
16287:
16285:
16277:
16276:
16274:
16273:
16263:
16257:
16252:
16245:
16244:
16232:
16231:
16228:
16227:
16224:
16223:
16221:
16220:
16219:
16218:
16212:
16210:
16204:
16203:
16200:
16199:
16196:
16195:
16193:
16192:
16183:
16173:
16171:
16163:
16162:
16160:
16159:
16150:
16140:
16138:
16127:
16113:
16112:
16110:
16109:
16100:
16091:
16082:
16072:
16070:
16054:
16053:
16051:
16050:
16041:
16032:
16028:P. cancrivorus
16022:
16020:
16004:
16003:
16001:
16000:
15996:B. sumichrasti
15991:
15981:
15979:
15971:
15970:
15968:
15967:
15957:
15951:
15945:
15944:
15941:
15940:
15938:
15937:
15928:
15919:
15910:
15900:
15898:
15882:
15881:
15879:
15878:
15869:
15859:
15857:
15841:
15840:
15838:
15837:
15828:
15822:Hooded skunk (
15818:
15816:
15808:
15807:
15805:
15804:
15795:
15786:
15777:
15767:
15765:
15746:
15728:
15727:
15725:
15724:
15714:
15712:
15702:
15701:
15689:
15688:
15685:
15684:
15681:
15680:
15677:
15676:
15673:
15672:
15669:
15668:
15666:
15665:
15656:
15647:
15641:Weddell seal (
15638:
15632:Leopard seal (
15628:
15622:
15608:
15607:
15605:
15604:
15595:
15585:
15583:
15567:
15566:
15563:
15562:
15560:
15559:
15549:
15547:
15539:
15538:
15536:
15535:
15525:
15519:
15502:
15488:
15487:
15484:
15483:
15480:
15479:
15477:
15476:
15467:
15458:
15452:Caspian seal (
15448:
15446:
15438:
15437:
15435:
15434:
15425:
15419:Spotted seal (
15415:
15413:
15405:
15404:
15402:
15401:
15392:
15383:
15373:
15367:
15361:
15360:
15358:
15357:
15348:
15342:Bearded seal (
15338:
15332:
15315:
15311:or true seals)
15309:(earless seals
15299:
15298:
15295:
15294:
15292:
15291:
15282:
15273:
15264:
15255:
15246:
15237:
15228:
15218:
15216:
15208:
15207:
15205:
15204:
15194:
15191:
15190:
15188:
15187:
15177:
15175:
15167:
15166:
15164:
15163:
15153:
15150:
15149:
15146:
15145:
15143:
15142:
15133:
15123:
15121:
15113:
15112:
15110:
15109:
15099:
15093:
15087:
15086:
15084:
15083:
15073:
15071:
15060:
15035:
15034:
15032:
15031:
15021:
15019:
15009:
15008:
14993:
14992:
14989:
14988:
14985:
14984:
14981:
14980:
14977:
14976:
14974:
14973:
14972:
14971:
14965:
14963:
14957:
14956:
14954:
14953:
14952:
14951:
14945:
14943:
14927:
14921:
14920:
14917:
14916:
14913:
14912:
14910:
14909:
14900:
14891:
14882:
14872:
14870:
14862:
14861:
14859:
14858:
14849:
14839:
14833:
14827:
14826:
14824:
14823:
14813:
14811:
14803:
14802:
14800:
14799:
14795:A. melanoleuca
14789:
14787:
14776:
14761:
14756:
14753:
14752:
14749:
14748:
14745:
14744:
14741:
14740:
14738:
14737:
14728:
14719:
14713:Eastern wolf (
14710:
14701:
14695:African wolf (
14692:
14683:
14677:Domestic dog (
14674:
14664:
14662:
14654:
14653:
14651:
14650:
14641:
14631:
14628:
14627:
14625:
14624:
14615:
14605:
14603:
14592:
14580:
14579:
14576:
14575:
14573:
14572:
14563:
14557:Sechuran fox (
14554:
14550:L. gymnocercus
14545:
14536:
14530:Darwin's fox (
14527:
14517:
14515:
14507:
14506:
14504:
14503:
14494:
14484:
14481:
14480:
14478:
14477:
14467:
14465:
14457:
14456:
14454:
14453:
14443:
14437:
14422:
14410:
14409:
14406:
14405:
14403:
14402:
14393:
14384:
14375:
14366:
14357:
14348:
14339:
14330:
14321:
14312:
14303:
14299:V. bengalensis
14293:
14291:
14273:
14272:
14270:
14269:
14260:
14250:
14248:
14240:
14239:
14237:
14236:
14226:
14220:
14214:
14213:
14211:
14210:
14201:
14191:
14189:
14178:
14168:
14161:
14160:
14145:
14144:
14141:
14140:
14137:
14136:
14133:
14132:
14129:
14128:
14125:
14124:
14122:
14121:
14112:
14103:
14094:
14085:
14075:
14073:
14065:
14064:
14062:
14061:
14052:
14043:
14039:B. crassicauda
14033:
14031:
14023:
14022:
14020:
14019:
14010:
14001:
13992:
13982:
13979:
13978:
13976:
13975:
13966:
13957:
13948:
13939:
13930:
13921:
13912:
13903:
13893:
13891:
13883:
13882:
13880:
13879:
13870:
13860:
13854:
13848:
13847:
13844:
13843:
13841:
13840:
13831:
13822:
13813:
13803:
13801:
13793:
13792:
13790:
13789:
13780:
13770:
13768:
13760:
13759:
13757:
13756:
13746:
13743:
13742:
13740:
13739:
13730:
13720:
13718:
13710:
13709:
13707:
13706:
13696:
13693:
13692:
13690:
13689:
13679:
13677:
13666:
13657:
13639:
13638:
13635:
13634:
13631:
13630:
13628:
13627:
13618:
13608:
13606:
13598:
13597:
13595:
13594:
13584:
13581:
13580:
13578:
13577:
13573:G. grandidieri
13568:
13558:
13556:
13548:
13547:
13545:
13544:
13534:
13528:
13522:
13521:
13518:
13517:
13515:
13514:
13505:
13495:
13493:
13485:
13484:
13482:
13481:
13472:
13462:
13456:
13447:
13430:
13420:
13417:
13416:
13413:
13412:
13409:
13408:
13405:
13404:
13402:
13401:
13391:
13389:
13381:
13380:
13378:
13377:
13368:
13358:
13352:
13340:
13339:
13337:
13336:
13326:
13324:
13313:
13293:
13292:
13280:
13279:
13276:
13275:
13272:
13271:
13268:
13267:
13265:
13264:
13263:
13262:
13256:
13254:
13244:
13243:
13240:
13239:
13236:
13235:
13232:
13231:
13228:
13227:
13225:
13224:
13215:
13206:
13197:
13188:
13179:
13170:
13161:
13152:
13143:
13137:Letaba genet (
13134:
13125:
13119:Common genet (
13116:
13107:
13098:
13089:
13079:
13077:
13063:
13062:
13060:
13059:
13050:
13040:
13038:
13021:
13015:
13014:
13011:
13010:
13008:
13007:
12998:
12989:
12980:
12970:
12968:
12960:
12959:
12957:
12956:
12947:
12937:
12931:
12916:
12904:
12897:
12896:
12893:
12892:
12890:
12889:
12885:P. zeylonensis
12880:
12871:
12861:
12859:
12851:
12850:
12848:
12847:
12843:Paguma larvata
12838:
12829:
12820:
12810:
12804:
12798:
12797:
12795:
12794:
12785:
12776:
12767:
12757:
12755:
12746:
12741:
12734:
12733:
12721:
12720:
12717:
12716:
12713:
12712:
12709:
12708:
12706:
12705:
12704:
12703:
12697:
12695:
12689:
12688:
12685:
12684:
12681:
12680:
12677:
12676:
12673:
12672:
12669:
12668:
12666:
12665:
12656:
12647:
12638:
12629:
12620:
12614:Domestic cat (
12611:
12601:
12599:
12591:
12590:
12587:
12586:
12584:
12583:
12574:
12570:P. rubiginosus
12565:
12556:
12547:
12543:P. bengalensis
12537:
12535:
12527:
12526:
12524:
12523:
12517:Pallas's cat (
12513:
12507:
12501:
12500:
12497:
12496:
12494:
12493:
12483:
12481:
12473:
12472:
12470:
12469:
12459:
12456:
12455:
12453:
12452:
12442:
12440:
12429:
12423:
12422:
12420:
12419:
12410:
12404:Iberian lynx (
12401:
12392:
12382:
12380:
12372:
12371:
12369:
12368:
12359:
12350:
12341:
12332:
12323:
12314:
12305:
12295:
12293:
12285:
12284:
12281:
12280:
12278:
12277:
12268:
12258:
12256:
12248:
12247:
12245:
12244:
12234:
12228:
12222:
12221:
12218:
12217:
12215:
12214:
12205:
12195:
12193:
12185:
12184:
12182:
12181:
12171:
12169:
12158:
12149:
12139:
12136:
12135:
12132:
12131:
12128:
12127:
12125:
12124:
12115:
12106:
12097:
12088:
12082:Snow leopard (
12078:
12076:
12068:
12067:
12065:
12064:
12055:
12045:
12043:
12032:
12019:
12009:
12002:
12001:
11999:
11998:
11989:
11979:
11977:
11961:
11956:
11949:
11948:
11946:
11945:
11935:
11929:
11924:
11917:
11916:
11901:
11900:
11898:
11897:
11895:Laurasiatheria
11891:
11885:
11879:
11873:
11866:
11863:
11862:
11853:
11852:
11845:
11838:
11830:
11824:
11823:
11807:
11796:
11784:
11783:at Wikispecies
11770:
11750:
11749:External links
11747:
11746:
11745:
11739:
11714:
11709:978-0521648356
11708:
11689:
11683:
11665:
11659:
11644:
11638:
11622:
11616:
11603:
11597:
11584:
11578:
11558:
11555:
11552:
11551:
11539:
11537:, p. 152.
11524:
11512:
11500:
11493:
11475:
11462:
11450:
11444:978-0826419132
11443:
11420:
11361:
11329:
11307:
11277:
11275:, p. 214.
11265:
11253:
11234:(2): 129–140.
11228:Animal Welfare
11218:
11206:
11194:
11175:(3): 186–192.
11159:
11138:(3): 371–382.
11118:
11096:
11084:
11072:
11059:
11047:
11002:
11000:, p. 274.
10990:
10961:(3): 455–482.
10945:
10933:
10931:, p. 276.
10921:
10909:
10888:(4): 300–312.
10865:
10841:
10839:, p. 193.
10829:
10822:
10804:
10792:
10765:(8): 592–596.
10745:
10706:
10672:
10632:
10606:
10573:
10537:
10518:(2): 405–422.
10498:
10459:
10396:
10362:
10322:
10301:
10282:
10252:
10211:
10168:
10137:
10126:(7): 408–418.
10110:
10071:
10038:
10031:
10010:
9985:
9983:, p. 202.
9973:
9962:
9927:
9880:
9842:
9819:(4): 476–480.
9799:
9780:(6): 741–749.
9764:
9717:
9674:
9663:(2): 255–261.
9646:
9610:
9569:
9525:
9488:
9473:
9432:
9393:(1): 753–766.
9373:
9332:
9297:
9256:
9243:(1): 174–180.
9219:
9184:
9143:
9120:(2): 262–271.
9100:
9079:(2): 281–293.
9056:
9013:
8976:
8941:
8890:
8853:Remote Sensing
8839:
8798:
8765:
8706:
8685:(2): 393–398.
8661:
8625:
8572:
8560:
8548:
8517:
8505:
8493:
8474:(4): 320–329.
8447:
8410:
8377:
8365:
8353:
8340:(2): 472–478.
8313:
8301:
8259:
8240:(4): 344–353.
8224:
8213:(2): 245–253.
8196:
8181:
8169:
8157:
8138:
8136:, p. 148.
8126:
8115:(1): 133–147.
8086:
8084:, p. 145.
8074:
8057:
8012:
7977:
7920:
7899:(3): 806–814.
7871:
7852:(4): 875–881.
7836:
7809:(4): 439–450.
7793:
7782:(2): 255–265.
7751:
7749:, p. 136.
7739:
7695:
7683:
7681:, p. 289.
7671:
7669:, p. 126.
7659:
7647:
7634:(4): 573–592.
7614:
7602:
7600:, p. 295.
7590:
7588:, p. 121.
7575:
7563:
7561:, p. 287.
7551:
7539:
7537:, p. 120.
7527:
7525:, p. 288.
7510:
7498:
7483:
7431:
7408:
7351:
7325:
7294:
7255:
7217:
7206:(3): 221–231.
7186:
7174:
7162:
7150:
7131:(2): 129–159.
7115:
7113:, p. 261.
7100:
7088:
7076:
7074:, p. 256.
7064:
7052:
7045:
7016:
7014:, p. 263.
7004:
6992:
6980:
6968:
6956:
6954:, p. 105.
6944:
6905:
6853:(5): 659–671.
6829:
6817:
6806:(3): 165–195.
6787:
6772:
6733:(11): e77980.
6709:
6681:
6668:(3): 737–748.
6644:
6625:(5): 537–547.
6602:
6589:(1): 125–128.
6575:"Female tiger
6565:
6553:
6534:(2): 131–140.
6514:
6471:
6412:
6353:
6318:
6277:
6258:(1): 115–121.
6242:
6201:
6162:(11): e25931.
6142:
6129:(4): 447–453.
6105:
6074:(4): 747–749.
6054:
6021:
6006:
5992:
5978:
5966:
5929:
5870:
5836:
5800:(7): 954–957.
5777:
5726:
5715:(4): 427–433.
5696:
5685:(2): 125–136.
5669:
5620:
5616:MacDonald 2001
5592:
5577:
5565:
5541:
5512:
5486:
5474:
5472:, p. 103.
5459:
5427:
5415:
5403:
5315:
5289:
5276:(2): 403–415.
5253:
5234:
5216:
5189:(3): 293–302.
5172:
5153:(2): 465–487.
5132:
5083:
5044:(10): e25483.
5019:
4953:
4906:
4857:
4829:
4801:
4794:
4776:
4742:
4679:
4645:(5): 268–287.
4611:
4592:(1): 104–112.
4570:
4518:
4471:
4445:
4443:, p. 131.
4433:
4406:
4388:
4329:
4327:, p. 137.
4317:
4298:
4256:
4226:
4204:
4164:
4142:
4085:
4035:
3986:
3941:
3923:
3863:
3848:
3810:
3782:
3759:
3738:10.1086/693884
3713:
3690:
3659:
3636:
3606:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3519:
3516:
3508:Tony the Tiger
3506:character and
3456:'s 1794 poem "
3428:Korean culture
3361:Pashupati seal
3343:is one of the
3333:Chinese zodiac
3317:Asian cultures
3272:Main article:
3269:
3266:
3195:kill criminals
3165:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3150:Big Cat Rescue
3147:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3085:Main article:
3082:
3079:
3058:Main article:
3055:
3052:
3042:
3039:
3022:reintroduction
2937:tiger reserves
2912:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2692:Main article:
2689:
2686:
2640:Kerinci Seblat
2541:
2538:
2452:
2449:
2357:
2354:
2329:stealing kills
2308:
2305:
2177:
2174:
2127:Sumatran tiger
2124:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2058:spraying urine
2053:radio-collared
2041:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1982:
1981:Social spacing
1979:
1959:radio-collared
1938:
1935:
1890:
1887:
1768:Siberian tiger
1759:
1756:
1748:aminopeptidase
1661:
1658:
1624:
1621:
1605:sagittal crest
1575:
1572:
1540:
1537:
1440:sister species
1414:
1413:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1194:
1186:P. t. sumatrae
1181:Sumatran tiger
1177:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1127:P. t. sondaica
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1078:
1074:P. t. jacksoni
1065:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1042:P. t. corbetti
1033:
1032:
1025:
994:type specimens
990:
973:
972:
965:
950:
937:Siberian tiger
933:
932:
925:
922:occipital bone
918:
898:
897:
890:
879:
866:
865:
862:
859:
842:classification
830:P. t. sondaica
807:P. t. sondaica
746:
743:
721:Conrad Gessner
691:
688:
633:
630:
528:Southeast Asia
460:
459:
458:
457:
449:Tigris regalis
446:
435:
418:
417:
411:
410:
406:
405:
397:
396:
395:
394:
384:
374:
364:
361:P. t. sondaica
357:
347:
346:
342:
341:
334:
323:
322:
316:
315:
311:P. tigris
308:
306:
302:
301:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
196:
195:
182:
179:
178:
160:
157:
156:
151:
148:
147:
140:Bengal tigress
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17914:
17903:
17900:
17898:
17895:
17893:
17890:
17888:
17885:
17883:
17880:
17878:
17875:
17873:
17870:
17868:
17865:
17863:
17860:
17858:
17855:
17853:
17850:
17848:
17845:
17843:
17840:
17838:
17835:
17833:
17830:
17828:
17825:
17823:
17820:
17818:
17815:
17813:
17810:
17808:
17805:
17803:
17800:
17799:
17797:
17787:
17782:
17777:
17775:
17770:
17765:
17763:
17758:
17753:
17751:
17746:
17741:
17739:
17734:
17729:
17728:
17725:
17710:
17705:
17701:
17697:
17692:
17688:
17684:
17679:
17675:
17670:
17664:
17660:
17659:
17657:
17655:
17651:
17643:
17638:
17634:
17630:
17625:
17621:
17617:
17612:
17608:
17604:
17599:
17595:
17591:
17586:
17582:
17578:
17573:
17569:
17565:
17560:
17556:
17552:
17547:
17543:
17539:
17534:
17530:
17526:
17521:
17517:
17513:
17508:
17504:
17500:
17495:
17491:
17487:
17482:
17478:
17474:
17469:
17465:
17461:
17456:
17452:
17448:
17443:
17439:
17435:
17429:
17425:
17420:
17416:
17412:
17407:
17403:
17399:
17393:
17389:
17384:
17380:
17375:
17369:
17365:
17360:
17354:
17350:
17349:
17347:
17345:
17341:
17337:
17332:
17304:
17302:
17297:
17295:
17293:
17288:
17286:
17284:
17279:
17277:
17275:
17270:
17268:
17266:
17261:
17259:
17257:
17252:
17250:
17248:
17243:
17241:
17239:
17238:M. lutreolina
17234:
17232:
17230:
17225:
17223:
17221:
17216:
17214:
17212:
17207:
17205:
17203:
17198:
17196:
17194:
17189:
17187:
17185:
17180:
17178:
17176:
17171:
17169:
17167:
17162:
17160:
17158:
17153:
17152:
17150:
17140:
17139:
17134:
17128:
17126:
17121:
17119:
17117:
17112:
17110:
17108:
17103:
17101:
17099:
17094:
17093:
17091:
17089:
17088:
17083:
17080:
17078:
17074:
17064:
17062:
17057:
17055:
17053:
17048:
17046:
17044:
17039:
17038:
17036:
17034:
17033:
17028:
17022:
17020:
17015:
17014:
17012:
17010:
17009:
17004:
16998:
16996:
16991:
16989:
16987:
16982:
16981:
16979:
16977:
16976:
16971:
16965:
16963:
16958:
16957:
16954:
16948:
16946:
16941:
16940:
16938:
16936:
16935:
16930:
16924:
16922:
16917:
16915:
16913:
16908:
16906:
16904:
16899:
16897:
16895:
16894:L. canadensis
16890:
16889:
16887:
16885:
16884:
16879:
16873:
16871:
16868:Giant otter (
16866:
16865:
16862:
16859:
16849:
16845:
16831:
16829:
16824:
16822:
16820:
16815:
16814:
16812:
16810:
16809:
16804:
16798:
16796:
16791:
16790:
16787:
16781:
16779:
16774:
16773:
16771:
16769:
16768:
16763:
16760:
16750:
16746:
16736:
16734:
16729:
16727:
16725:
16720:
16719:
16717:
16707:
16706:
16701:
16695:
16693:
16688:
16687:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16675:
16672:
16670:
16666:
16656:
16654:
16649:
16647:
16645:
16640:
16638:
16636:
16631:
16629:
16627:
16626:M. gwatkinsii
16622:
16620:
16618:
16613:
16611:
16609:
16604:
16602:
16600:
16595:
16593:
16591:
16586:
16585:
16583:
16573:
16572:
16567:
16561:
16559:
16554:
16553:
16551:
16549:
16548:
16543:
16537:
16535:
16530:
16529:
16527:
16525:
16524:
16519:
16513:
16511:
16506:
16505:
16502:
16499:
16497:
16493:
16487:
16485:
16480:
16478:
16476:
16471:
16469:
16467:
16466:M. orientalis
16462:
16460:
16458:
16453:
16451:
16449:
16444:
16442:
16440:
16435:
16434:
16432:
16422:
16421:
16416:
16406:
16404:
16399:
16397:
16395:
16390:
16388:
16386:
16381:
16379:
16377:
16372:
16371:
16369:
16367:
16366:
16361:
16355:
16353:
16348:
16346:
16344:
16339:
16337:
16335:
16330:
16329:
16327:
16325:
16324:
16319:
16316:
16306:
16302:
16296:
16294:
16289:
16288:
16286:
16284:
16283:
16278:
16272:
16270:
16269:Taxidea taxus
16265:
16264:
16261:
16258:
16255:
16250:
16246:
16242:
16237:
16233:
16216:
16215:
16214:
16213:
16211:
16209:
16205:
16191:
16189:
16184:
16182:
16180:
16179:N. meridensis
16175:
16174:
16172:
16170:
16169:
16164:
16158:
16156:
16151:
16149:
16147:
16142:
16141:
16139:
16137:
16136:
16131:
16128:
16118:
16114:
16108:
16106:
16101:
16099:
16097:
16092:
16090:
16088:
16083:
16081:
16079:
16074:
16073:
16071:
16061:
16060:
16055:
16049:
16047:
16042:
16040:
16038:
16033:
16031:
16029:
16024:
16023:
16021:
16011:
16010:
16005:
15999:
15997:
15992:
15990:
15988:
15983:
15982:
15980:
15978:
15977:
15972:
15966:
15964:
15959:
15958:
15955:
15952:
15950:
15946:
15936:
15934:
15929:
15927:
15925:
15920:
15918:
15916:
15911:
15909:
15907:
15902:
15901:
15899:
15889:
15888:
15883:
15877:
15875:
15870:
15868:
15866:
15865:M. javanensis
15861:
15860:
15858:
15848:
15847:
15842:
15836:
15834:
15829:
15827:
15825:
15820:
15819:
15817:
15815:
15814:
15809:
15803:
15801:
15796:
15794:
15792:
15791:C. leuconotus
15787:
15785:
15783:
15782:C. humboldtii
15778:
15776:
15774:
15769:
15768:
15766:
15756:
15755:
15750:
15747:
15741:
15733:
15729:
15723:
15721:
15716:
15715:
15713:
15711:
15707:
15703:
15699:
15694:
15690:
15664:
15662:
15657:
15655:
15653:
15648:
15646:
15644:
15639:
15637:
15635:
15630:
15629:
15626:
15623:
15613:
15609:
15603:
15601:
15596:
15594:
15592:
15587:
15586:
15584:
15574:
15573:
15568:
15558:
15556:
15551:
15550:
15548:
15546:
15545:
15540:
15534:
15532:
15527:
15526:
15523:
15520:
15510:
15506:
15503:
15493:
15489:
15475:
15473:
15470:Baikal seal (
15468:
15466:
15464:
15461:Ringed seal (
15459:
15457:
15455:
15450:
15449:
15447:
15445:
15444:
15439:
15433:
15431:
15428:Harbor seal (
15426:
15424:
15422:
15417:
15416:
15414:
15412:
15411:
15406:
15400:
15398:
15393:
15391:
15389:
15386:Ribbon seal (
15384:
15382:
15380:
15375:
15374:
15371:
15368:
15366:
15362:
15356:
15354:
15351:Hooded seal (
15349:
15347:
15345:
15340:
15339:
15336:
15333:
15323:
15319:
15316:
15304:
15300:
15290:
15288:
15287:A. tropicalis
15283:
15281:
15279:
15274:
15272:
15270:
15265:
15263:
15261:
15256:
15254:
15252:
15247:
15245:
15243:
15238:
15236:
15234:
15229:
15227:
15225:
15220:
15219:
15217:
15215:
15214:
15213:Arctocephalus
15209:
15203:
15201:
15196:
15195:
15192:
15186:
15184:
15179:
15178:
15176:
15174:
15173:
15168:
15162:
15160:
15155:
15154:
15151:
15141:
15139:
15138:Z. wollebaeki
15134:
15132:
15130:
15125:
15124:
15122:
15120:
15119:
15114:
15108:
15106:
15101:
15100:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15088:
15082:
15080:
15075:
15074:
15072:
15070:
15069:
15064:
15061:
15055:
15050:
15046:(eared seals:
15041:
15036:
15030:
15028:
15023:
15022:
15020:
15018:
15014:
15010:
15006:
14998:
14994:
14969:
14968:
14967:
14966:
14964:
14962:
14958:
14949:
14948:
14947:
14946:
14944:
14935:
14931:
14928:
14926:
14922:
14908:
14906:
14901:
14899:
14897:
14892:
14890:
14888:
14887:U. thibetanus
14883:
14881:
14879:
14878:U. americanus
14874:
14873:
14871:
14869:
14868:
14863:
14857:
14855:
14850:
14848:
14846:
14841:
14840:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14828:
14822:
14820:
14815:
14814:
14812:
14810:
14809:
14804:
14798:
14796:
14793:Giant panda (
14791:
14790:
14788:
14786:
14785:
14780:
14777:
14769:
14765:
14762:
14759:
14754:
14736:
14734:
14729:
14727:
14725:
14720:
14718:
14716:
14711:
14709:
14707:
14702:
14700:
14698:
14693:
14691:
14689:
14684:
14682:
14680:
14679:C. familiaris
14675:
14673:
14671:
14666:
14665:
14663:
14661:
14660:
14655:
14649:
14647:
14642:
14640:
14638:
14637:Lycaon pictus
14633:
14632:
14629:
14623:
14621:
14616:
14614:
14612:
14607:
14606:
14604:
14602:
14601:
14596:
14593:
14585:
14581:
14571:
14569:
14564:
14562:
14560:
14555:
14553:
14551:
14546:
14544:
14542:
14537:
14535:
14533:
14528:
14526:
14524:
14519:
14518:
14516:
14514:
14513:
14508:
14502:
14500:
14495:
14493:
14491:
14486:
14485:
14482:
14476:
14474:
14469:
14468:
14466:
14464:
14463:
14458:
14452:
14450:
14445:
14444:
14441:
14438:
14430:
14426:
14423:
14415:
14411:
14401:
14399:
14394:
14392:
14390:
14385:
14383:
14381:
14376:
14374:
14372:
14367:
14365:
14363:
14358:
14356:
14354:
14349:
14347:
14345:
14340:
14338:
14336:
14333:Tibetan fox (
14331:
14329:
14327:
14322:
14320:
14318:
14313:
14311:
14309:
14304:
14302:
14300:
14295:
14294:
14292:
14287:
14280:
14279:
14274:
14268:
14266:
14265:N. viverrinus
14261:
14259:
14257:
14252:
14251:
14249:
14247:
14246:
14241:
14235:
14233:
14228:
14227:
14224:
14221:
14219:
14215:
14209:
14207:
14206:U. littoralis
14202:
14200:
14198:
14193:
14192:
14190:
14188:
14187:
14182:
14179:
14171:
14166:
14162:
14158:
14150:
14146:
14120:
14118:
14113:
14111:
14109:
14104:
14102:
14100:
14095:
14093:
14091:
14086:
14084:
14082:
14081:H. flavescens
14077:
14076:
14074:
14072:
14071:
14066:
14060:
14058:
14053:
14051:
14049:
14044:
14042:
14040:
14035:
14034:
14032:
14030:
14029:
14024:
14018:
14016:
14011:
14009:
14007:
14002:
14000:
13998:
13993:
13991:
13989:
13984:
13983:
13980:
13974:
13972:
13971:U. vitticolla
13967:
13965:
13963:
13958:
13956:
13954:
13949:
13947:
13945:
13940:
13938:
13936:
13931:
13929:
13927:
13922:
13920:
13918:
13913:
13911:
13909:
13904:
13902:
13900:
13895:
13894:
13892:
13890:
13889:
13884:
13878:
13876:
13875:Xenogale naso
13871:
13869:
13867:
13862:
13861:
13858:
13855:
13853:
13849:
13839:
13837:
13832:
13830:
13828:
13823:
13821:
13819:
13814:
13812:
13810:
13805:
13804:
13802:
13800:
13799:
13794:
13788:
13786:
13781:
13779:
13777:
13772:
13771:
13769:
13767:
13766:
13761:
13755:
13753:
13748:
13747:
13744:
13738:
13736:
13731:
13729:
13727:
13722:
13721:
13719:
13717:
13716:
13711:
13705:
13703:
13698:
13697:
13694:
13688:
13686:
13681:
13680:
13678:
13676:
13675:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13661:
13658:
13649:
13648:sensu stricto
13644:
13640:
13626:
13624:
13619:
13617:
13615:
13610:
13609:
13607:
13605:
13604:
13599:
13593:
13591:
13586:
13585:
13582:
13576:
13574:
13569:
13567:
13565:
13560:
13559:
13557:
13555:
13554:
13549:
13543:
13541:
13536:
13535:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13523:
13513:
13511:
13506:
13504:
13502:
13497:
13496:
13494:
13492:
13491:
13486:
13480:
13478:
13477:Fossa fossana
13473:
13471:
13469:
13464:
13463:
13460:
13457:
13455:
13451:
13448:
13438:
13434:
13431:
13427:
13423:
13418:
13400:
13398:
13393:
13392:
13390:
13388:
13387:
13382:
13376:
13374:
13371:Brown hyena (
13369:
13367:
13365:
13364:Hyaena hyaena
13360:
13359:
13356:
13353:
13345:
13341:
13335:
13333:
13328:
13327:
13325:
13323:
13322:
13317:
13314:
13306:
13302:
13298:
13294:
13290:
13285:
13281:
13260:
13259:
13258:
13257:
13255:
13253:
13249:
13245:
13223:
13221:
13216:
13214:
13212:
13207:
13205:
13203:
13198:
13196:
13194:
13191:Hausa genet (
13189:
13187:
13185:
13180:
13178:
13176:
13171:
13169:
13167:
13162:
13160:
13158:
13153:
13151:
13149:
13144:
13142:
13140:
13135:
13133:
13131:
13126:
13124:
13122:
13117:
13115:
13113:
13108:
13106:
13104:
13099:
13097:
13095:
13094:G. angolensis
13090:
13088:
13086:
13085:G. abyssinica
13081:
13080:
13078:
13070:
13069:
13064:
13058:
13056:
13051:
13049:
13047:
13042:
13041:
13039:
13031:
13030:
13025:
13022:
13020:
13016:
13006:
13004:
12999:
12997:
12995:
12994:V. tangalunga
12990:
12988:
12986:
12981:
12979:
12977:
12972:
12971:
12969:
12967:
12966:
12961:
12955:
12953:
12948:
12946:
12944:
12939:
12938:
12935:
12932:
12929:
12928:sensu stricto
12924:
12920:
12917:
12913:
12908:
12902:
12898:
12888:
12886:
12881:
12879:
12877:
12872:
12870:
12868:
12863:
12862:
12860:
12858:
12857:
12852:
12846:
12844:
12839:
12837:
12835:
12830:
12828:
12826:
12821:
12819:
12817:
12812:
12811:
12808:
12805:
12803:
12802:Paradoxurinae
12799:
12793:
12791:
12786:
12784:
12782:
12777:
12775:
12773:
12770:Otter civet (
12768:
12766:
12764:
12759:
12758:
12756:
12754:
12750:
12747:
12744:
12739:
12735:
12731:
12726:
12722:
12701:
12700:
12699:
12698:
12696:
12694:
12690:
12664:
12662:
12661:F. silvestris
12657:
12655:
12653:
12648:
12646:
12644:
12639:
12637:
12635:
12630:
12628:
12626:
12621:
12619:
12617:
12612:
12610:
12608:
12603:
12602:
12600:
12598:
12597:
12592:
12582:
12580:
12579:P. viverrinus
12577:Fishing cat (
12575:
12573:
12571:
12566:
12564:
12562:
12557:
12555:
12553:
12552:P. javanensis
12548:
12546:
12544:
12541:Leopard cat (
12539:
12538:
12536:
12534:
12533:
12528:
12522:
12520:
12515:
12514:
12511:
12508:
12502:
12492:
12490:
12485:
12484:
12482:
12480:
12479:
12474:
12468:
12466:
12461:
12460:
12457:
12451:
12449:
12444:
12443:
12441:
12439:
12438:
12433:
12430:
12424:
12418:
12416:
12411:
12409:
12407:
12402:
12400:
12398:
12393:
12391:
12389:
12388:L. canadensis
12386:Canada lynx (
12384:
12383:
12381:
12379:
12378:
12373:
12367:
12365:
12360:
12358:
12356:
12351:
12349:
12347:
12342:
12340:
12338:
12333:
12331:
12329:
12324:
12322:
12320:
12315:
12313:
12311:
12306:
12304:
12302:
12297:
12296:
12294:
12292:
12291:
12286:
12276:
12274:
12269:
12267:
12265:
12260:
12259:
12257:
12255:
12254:
12249:
12243:
12241:
12236:
12235:
12232:
12229:
12223:
12213:
12211:
12210:C. temminckii
12206:
12204:
12202:
12197:
12196:
12194:
12192:
12191:
12186:
12180:
12178:
12175:Marbled cat (
12173:
12172:
12170:
12168:
12167:
12162:
12159:
12153:
12150:
12146:
12145:sensu stricto
12142:
12137:
12123:
12121:
12116:
12114:
12112:
12107:
12105:
12103:
12098:
12096:
12094:
12089:
12087:
12085:
12080:
12079:
12077:
12075:
12074:
12069:
12063:
12061:
12056:
12054:
12052:
12047:
12046:
12044:
12042:
12041:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12027:
12023:
12020:
12012:
12007:
12003:
11997:
11995:
11994:P. pardicolor
11990:
11988:
11986:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11971:
11970:
11965:
11962:
11959:
11954:
11950:
11944:
11942:
11937:
11936:
11933:
11930:
11927:
11922:
11918:
11914:
11906:
11902:
11896:
11892:
11890:
11886:
11884:
11880:
11878:
11874:
11872:
11868:
11867:
11864:
11859:
11851:
11846:
11844:
11839:
11837:
11832:
11831:
11828:
11820:
11816:
11814:
11808:
11805:
11801:
11797:
11794:
11789:
11785:
11782:
11781:
11775:
11771:
11768:
11764:
11763:
11757:
11753:
11752:
11742:
11736:
11732:
11728:
11724:
11722:
11715:
11711:
11705:
11701:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11686:
11684:0-226-73631-8
11680:
11676:
11675:
11670:
11666:
11662:
11660:1-55297-949-0
11656:
11652:
11651:
11645:
11641:
11635:
11631:
11628:
11623:
11619:
11613:
11609:
11604:
11600:
11594:
11590:
11585:
11581:
11579:1-59315-024-5
11575:
11571:
11570:
11565:
11561:
11560:
11548:
11543:
11536:
11531:
11529:
11522:, p. 96.
11521:
11516:
11509:
11504:
11496:
11490:
11486:
11479:
11472:
11466:
11459:
11454:
11446:
11440:
11436:
11429:
11427:
11425:
11416:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11388:
11384:
11380:
11376:
11372:
11365:
11349:
11345:
11344:
11339:
11333:
11317:
11311:
11295:
11291:
11287:
11281:
11274:
11269:
11262:
11257:
11249:
11245:
11241:
11237:
11233:
11229:
11222:
11215:
11210:
11203:
11198:
11190:
11186:
11182:
11178:
11174:
11170:
11163:
11155:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11137:
11133:
11129:
11122:
11106:
11100:
11093:
11088:
11081:
11076:
11070:, p. 173
11069:
11063:
11056:
11051:
11043:
11037:
11029:
11025:
11021:
11017:
11013:
11006:
10999:
10994:
10986:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10968:
10964:
10960:
10956:
10949:
10942:
10937:
10930:
10925:
10918:
10913:
10905:
10901:
10896:
10891:
10887:
10883:
10879:
10872:
10870:
10862:
10858:
10854:
10848:
10846:
10838:
10833:
10825:
10819:
10815:
10808:
10801:
10796:
10788:
10784:
10780:
10776:
10772:
10768:
10764:
10760:
10752:
10750:
10741:
10737:
10733:
10729:
10725:
10721:
10717:
10710:
10701:
10696:
10692:
10688:
10684:
10676:
10668:
10664:
10660:
10656:
10652:
10648:
10644:
10636:
10628:
10624:
10617:
10610:
10591:
10584:
10577:
10569:
10565:
10561:
10557:
10553:
10549:
10541:
10533:
10529:
10525:
10521:
10517:
10513:
10509:
10502:
10494:
10490:
10486:
10482:
10478:
10474:
10470:
10463:
10455:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10427:
10423:
10420:(5): e10140.
10419:
10415:
10411:
10409:
10400:
10391:
10386:
10382:
10378:
10374:
10366:
10358:
10354:
10350:
10346:
10342:
10338:
10335:) reserves".
10334:
10326:
10318:
10317:
10313:
10305:
10297:
10293:
10286:
10270:
10266:
10265:
10256:
10247:
10242:
10238:
10234:
10230:
10226:
10222:
10215:
10207:
10203:
10199:
10195:
10191:
10187:
10183:
10179:
10172:
10156:
10152:
10150:
10141:
10133:
10129:
10125:
10121:
10114:
10095:
10088:
10087:
10083:
10075:
10056:
10049:
10042:
10034:
10032:99933-673-4-6
10028:
10024:
10017:
10015:
10005:
10000:
9997:and Forests.
9992:
9990:
9982:
9981:Sludskii 1992
9977:
9966:
9947:
9940:
9939:
9931:
9915:
9911:
9905:
9903:
9901:
9899:
9897:
9895:
9893:
9891:
9889:
9887:
9885:
9865:
9858:
9857:
9849:
9847:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9818:
9814:
9810:
9803:
9795:
9791:
9787:
9783:
9779:
9775:
9768:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9740:
9736:
9732:
9730:
9721:
9713:
9707:
9698:
9693:
9689:
9685:
9678:
9670:
9666:
9662:
9658:
9650:
9634:
9630:
9626:
9619:
9617:
9615:
9605:
9600:
9596:
9592:
9588:
9584:
9580:
9573:
9564:
9559:
9555:
9551:
9548:(7): e12952.
9547:
9543:
9539:
9532:
9530:
9520:
9515:
9511:
9507:
9503:
9501:
9492:
9484:
9477:
9468:
9463:
9459:
9455:
9451:
9447:
9443:
9436:
9428:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9400:
9396:
9392:
9388:
9384:
9377:
9368:
9363:
9359:
9355:
9351:
9347:
9343:
9336:
9317:
9310:
9309:
9301:
9292:
9287:
9283:
9279:
9275:
9271:
9267:
9260:
9251:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9232:
9223:
9215:
9211:
9207:
9203:
9199:
9195:
9188:
9179:
9174:
9170:
9166:
9162:
9158:
9154:
9147:
9138:
9137:11250/3040580
9133:
9128:
9123:
9119:
9115:
9111:
9104:
9095:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9063:
9061:
9051:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9037:
9032:
9030:
9026:
9017:
9008:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8991:
8989:
8980:
8972:
8968:
8964:
8960:
8956:
8952:
8945:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8894:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8866:
8862:
8858:
8854:
8850:
8843:
8834:
8829:
8825:
8821:
8817:
8813:
8809:
8802:
8793:
8788:
8784:
8780:
8776:
8769:
8761:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8733:
8729:
8726:(4): e13909.
8725:
8721:
8717:
8710:
8702:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8684:
8680:
8676:
8674:
8665:
8657:
8653:
8649:
8645:
8641:
8637:
8629:
8621:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8595:
8591:
8587:
8585:
8576:
8570:, p. 66.
8569:
8564:
8558:, p. 59.
8557:
8552:
8536:
8532:
8528:
8521:
8514:
8509:
8502:
8497:
8489:
8485:
8481:
8477:
8473:
8469:
8462:
8460:
8451:
8442:
8437:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8423:
8414:
8405:
8400:
8396:
8392:
8388:
8381:
8374:
8373:Schaller 1967
8369:
8362:
8357:
8348:
8343:
8339:
8335:
8331:
8329:
8320:
8318:
8311:, p. 51.
8310:
8305:
8296:
8291:
8287:
8283:
8279:
8277:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8228:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8200:
8194:, p. 51.
8193:
8188:
8186:
8179:, p. 50.
8178:
8173:
8166:
8161:
8155:, p. 45.
8154:
8149:
8147:
8145:
8143:
8135:
8130:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8110:
8106:
8099:
8097:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8083:
8078:
8072:, p. 42.
8071:
8066:
8064:
8062:
8052:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8035:
8031:
8027:
8025:
8016:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7992:
7988:
7981:
7973:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7947:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7924:
7915:
7910:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7888:
7884:
7875:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7840:
7832:
7828:
7824:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7797:
7789:
7785:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7770:) and dhole (
7769:
7765:
7758:
7756:
7748:
7743:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7699:
7692:
7691:Schaller 1967
7687:
7680:
7679:Schaller 1967
7675:
7668:
7663:
7656:
7655:Schaller 1967
7651:
7642:
7637:
7633:
7629:
7625:
7618:
7612:, p. 24.
7611:
7606:
7599:
7598:Schaller 1967
7594:
7587:
7582:
7580:
7573:, p. 23.
7572:
7567:
7560:
7559:Schaller 1967
7555:
7548:
7543:
7536:
7531:
7524:
7523:Schaller 1967
7519:
7517:
7515:
7507:
7506:Schaller 1967
7502:
7496:, p. 63.
7495:
7490:
7488:
7478:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7453:
7449:
7445:
7438:
7436:
7427:
7423:
7419:
7412:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7362:
7355:
7347:
7343:
7336:
7329:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7298:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7270:
7266:
7259:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7224:
7222:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7190:
7184:, p. 62.
7183:
7178:
7171:
7170:Schaller 1967
7166:
7159:
7158:Schaller 1967
7154:
7146:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7130:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7111:Schaller 1967
7107:
7105:
7097:
7096:Schaller 1967
7092:
7086:, p. 99.
7085:
7080:
7073:
7072:Schaller 1967
7068:
7062:, p. 29.
7061:
7056:
7048:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7032:
7023:
7021:
7013:
7012:Schaller 1967
7008:
7001:
7000:Schaller 1967
6996:
6990:, p. 89.
6989:
6984:
6977:
6976:Schaller 1967
6972:
6965:
6960:
6953:
6948:
6940:
6936:
6932:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6909:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6877:
6876:10019.1/11220
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6842:
6833:
6826:
6821:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6794:
6792:
6785:, p. 76.
6784:
6779:
6777:
6768:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6722:
6713:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6685:
6676:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6657:
6648:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6607:
6597:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6578:
6569:
6562:
6557:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6518:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6475:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6416:
6408:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6357:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6322:
6313:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6281:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6246:
6237:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6205:
6197:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6137:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6118:
6109:
6101:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6058:
6049:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6025:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5975:
5974:Sludskii 1992
5970:
5961:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5936:
5934:
5925:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5874:
5858:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5825:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5794:Cell Research
5788:
5781:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5700:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5673:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5589:
5588:Sludskii 1992
5584:
5582:
5575:, p. 28.
5574:
5569:
5562:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5537:
5531:
5515:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5499:
5490:
5484:, p. 25.
5483:
5478:
5471:
5470:Sludskii 1992
5466:
5464:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5431:
5425:, p. 26.
5424:
5419:
5413:, p. 98.
5412:
5411:Sludskii 1992
5407:
5399:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5375:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5260:
5258:
5247:
5238:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5176:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5136:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5087:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5015:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4957:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4836:
4834:
4826:(2): 108–113.
4825:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4797:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4749:
4747:
4738:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4698:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4631:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4523:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4478:
4476:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4450:
4442:
4441:Sludskii 1992
4437:
4429:
4424:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4325:Sludskii 1992
4321:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4261:
4241:
4239:
4230:
4211:
4207:
4205:2-8317-0045-0
4201:
4197:
4190:
4188:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4152:
4146:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3990:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3834:Wilson, D. E.
3831:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3779:(3): 505–541.
3778:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3720:
3718:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3573:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3464:" in Blake's
3463:
3459:
3455:
3454:William Blake
3451:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3420:Mountain Gods
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:Chola dynasty
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3321:ancient China
3318:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3291:
3288:Tiger-shaped
3286:
3281:
3280:Tiger worship
3275:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3251:animal rights
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:Ringling Bros
3220:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:amphitheatres
3184:
3169:
3162:
3151:
3144:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:Mughal Empire
3067:
3061:
3060:Tiger hunting
3047:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3010:rehabilitated
3006:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2990:Sivalik Hills
2987:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:North Sumatra
2951:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2933:Project Tiger
2930:
2927:In 1973, the
2925:
2923:
2919:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2636:Anti-poaching
2633:
2629:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2586:deforestation
2583:
2579:
2576:channels and
2575:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2550:IUCN Red List
2547:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2528:leptospirosis
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2504:morbillivirus
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2468:in India and
2467:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:water buffalo
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:strangulation
2278:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:dietary fibre
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:apex predator
2198:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2128:
2099:
2088:Communication
2085:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:scent rubbing
2059:
2054:
2044:
2034:
2021:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:Tiger bathing
1943:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:transmembrane
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1695:with a white
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1603:with a large
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1546:
1545:Felid hybrids
1536:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:Malayan tiger
1067:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
975:
974:
970:
966:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:P. t. altaica
938:
935:
934:
930:
926:
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:P. t. virgata
906:
905:Caspian tiger
903:
900:
899:
895:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
868:
867:
863:
860:
857:
856:
850:
845:
843:
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
742:
740:
736:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:
703:
702:
697:
696:Carl Linnaeus
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
660:
656:
653:
649:
646:
643:derives from
642:
639:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
599:anti-poaching
596:
592:
588:
587:deforestation
584:
583:fragmentation
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
532:apex predator
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
497:Sunda Islands
494:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
473:
472:
467:
454:
450:
447:
443:
439:
436:
433:
429:
425:
422:
421:
419:
416:
412:
407:
403:
398:
393:
392:
385:
383:
382:
375:
373:
372:
365:
363:
362:
358:
356:
355:
351:
350:
348:
343:
338:
332:
330:
324:
321:
320:Binomial name
317:
313:
312:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
295:
292:
291:
288:
285:
282:
281:
278:
275:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
261:
258:
255:
252:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
206:
201:
197:
191:
185:
180:
174:
169:
158:
154:
149:
145:
141:
136:
132:
127:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
17822:EDGE species
17654:Felis tigris
17653:
17343:
17300:
17291:
17282:
17273:
17264:
17255:
17246:
17237:
17228:
17219:
17210:
17201:
17192:
17183:
17174:
17165:
17156:
17136:
17124:
17115:
17106:
17097:
17085:
17060:
17051:
17042:
17030:
17018:
17006:
16995:L. sumatrana
16994:
16985:
16973:
16961:
16944:
16932:
16920:
16911:
16902:
16893:
16881:
16869:
16827:
16818:
16806:
16794:
16778:V. peregusna
16777:
16765:
16732:
16723:
16703:
16691:
16678:Lyncodontini
16669:Ictonychinae
16653:M. zibellina
16652:
16643:
16634:
16625:
16616:
16608:M. flavigula
16607:
16598:
16590:M. americana
16589:
16569:
16557:
16545:
16533:
16521:
16510:Eira barbara
16509:
16483:
16475:M. personata
16474:
16465:
16456:
16447:
16438:
16418:
16402:
16393:
16385:M. canescens
16384:
16375:
16363:
16351:
16342:
16333:
16321:
16292:
16280:
16268:
16187:
16178:
16166:
16154:
16145:
16133:
16104:
16095:
16086:
16077:
16057:
16045:
16036:
16027:
16007:
15995:
15994:Cacomistle (
15986:
15974:
15963:Potos flavus
15962:
15932:
15923:
15914:
15905:
15885:
15873:
15864:
15844:
15832:
15823:
15811:
15799:
15790:
15781:
15772:
15752:
15719:
15660:
15651:
15642:
15633:
15599:
15590:
15570:
15554:
15542:
15530:
15515:(monk seals)
15471:
15462:
15453:
15441:
15429:
15420:
15408:
15396:
15387:
15378:
15352:
15343:
15286:
15278:A. townsendi
15277:
15268:
15260:A. philippii
15259:
15250:
15241:
15232:
15224:A. australis
15223:
15211:
15199:
15182:
15170:
15158:
15137:
15128:
15116:
15104:
15078:
15066:
15026:
14905:U. maritimus
14904:
14903:Polar bear (
14895:
14894:Brown bear (
14886:
14877:
14865:
14853:
14844:
14843:Sloth bear (
14818:
14806:
14794:
14782:
14732:
14723:
14714:
14705:
14696:
14687:
14678:
14669:
14657:
14646:Cuon alpinus
14645:
14636:
14620:L. mesomelas
14619:
14610:
14598:
14567:
14558:
14549:
14548:Pampas fox (
14540:
14531:
14522:
14510:
14498:
14489:
14473:S. venaticus
14472:
14460:
14448:
14447:Maned wolf (
14429:Cerdocyonina
14397:
14396:Fennec fox (
14388:
14379:
14371:V. rueppelli
14370:
14361:
14352:
14343:
14342:Arctic fox (
14335:V. ferrilata
14334:
14325:
14324:Corsac fox (
14316:
14307:
14298:
14297:Bengal fox (
14276:
14264:
14255:
14243:
14231:
14205:
14204:Island fox (
14196:
14184:
14117:H. sanguinea
14116:
14107:
14098:
14090:H. ichneumon
14089:
14080:
14068:
14056:
14047:
14038:
14026:
14014:
14005:
13996:
13987:
13970:
13961:
13952:
13943:
13934:
13925:
13917:U. edwardsii
13916:
13908:U. brachyura
13907:
13898:
13886:
13874:
13865:
13835:
13826:
13817:
13809:C. alexandri
13808:
13796:
13784:
13775:
13763:
13751:
13734:
13726:M. gambianus
13725:
13713:
13701:
13685:S. suricatta
13684:
13672:
13647:
13622:
13613:
13601:
13589:
13572:
13563:
13551:
13539:
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13500:
13488:
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13467:
13444:carnivorans)
13425:
13396:
13384:
13372:
13363:
13331:
13319:
13289:Herpestoidea
13252:Herpestoidea
13219:
13211:G. victoriae
13210:
13201:
13200:Cape genet (
13192:
13184:G. servalina
13183:
13174:
13173:King genet (
13166:G. piscivora
13165:
13156:
13147:
13138:
13130:G. johnstoni
13129:
13120:
13111:
13102:
13093:
13084:
13066:
13055:P. leightoni
13054:
13045:
13027:
13002:
12993:
12985:V. megaspila
12984:
12976:V. civettina
12975:
12963:
12951:
12942:
12927:
12911:
12884:
12875:
12866:
12854:
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12833:
12824:
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12789:
12780:
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12762:
12660:
12651:
12643:F. margarita
12642:
12633:
12624:
12623:Jungle cat (
12615:
12606:
12594:
12578:
12569:
12561:P. planiceps
12560:
12551:
12542:
12532:Prionailurus
12530:
12518:
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12414:
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12345:
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12327:
12318:
12310:L. geoffroyi
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12300:
12299:Pampas cat (
12288:
12272:
12263:
12251:
12239:
12209:
12200:
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12177:P. marmorata
12176:
12164:
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12110:
12101:
12092:
12090:
12083:
12071:
12059:
12050:
12038:
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11984:
11967:
11940:
11893:Superorder:
11887:Infraclass:
11812:
11795:at Wikiquote
11779:
11761:
11730:
11726:
11720:
11698:
11673:
11649:
11630:
11626:
11607:
11588:
11568:
11557:Bibliography
11542:
11515:
11503:
11484:
11478:
11465:
11453:
11434:
11378:
11374:
11364:
11352:. Retrieved
11348:the original
11341:
11332:
11320:. Retrieved
11310:
11298:. Retrieved
11289:
11280:
11268:
11256:
11231:
11227:
11221:
11209:
11197:
11172:
11168:
11162:
11135:
11131:
11121:
11109:. Retrieved
11099:
11087:
11075:
11062:
11050:
11036:cite journal
11022:(2): 30–39.
11019:
11015:
11011:
11005:
10993:
10958:
10954:
10948:
10936:
10924:
10912:
10885:
10881:
10857:Homo sapiens
10856:
10852:
10832:
10813:
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10795:
10762:
10758:
10723:
10719:
10715:
10709:
10690:
10686:
10675:
10650:
10646:
10642:
10635:
10626:
10622:
10609:
10597:. Retrieved
10576:
10551:
10547:
10540:
10515:
10511:
10507:
10501:
10476:
10472:
10468:
10462:
10417:
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10380:
10376:
10365:
10340:
10336:
10332:
10325:
10315:
10311:
10304:
10295:
10291:
10285:
10273:. Retrieved
10263:
10255:
10228:
10224:
10214:
10184:(1): 30–39.
10181:
10177:
10171:
10159:. Retrieved
10155:the original
10148:
10140:
10123:
10119:
10113:
10101:. Retrieved
10085:
10081:
10074:
10062:. Retrieved
10041:
10022:
9976:
9965:
9953:. Retrieved
9937:
9930:
9918:. Retrieved
9871:. Retrieved
9855:
9836:10356/165557
9816:
9812:
9802:
9777:
9773:
9767:
9741:(1): 55–65.
9738:
9734:
9728:
9720:
9706:cite journal
9687:
9683:
9677:
9660:
9656:
9649:
9637:. Retrieved
9628:
9586:
9582:
9572:
9545:
9541:
9512:(1): 46–54.
9509:
9505:
9499:
9491:
9482:
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9449:
9445:
9435:
9390:
9386:
9376:
9349:
9345:
9335:
9323:. Retrieved
9307:
9300:
9273:
9269:
9259:
9240:
9236:
9230:
9222:
9197:
9193:
9187:
9160:
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9040:
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9000:(1): 40–47.
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8672:
8664:
8639:
8635:
8628:
8593:
8589:
8583:
8575:
8563:
8551:
8539:. Retrieved
8530:
8520:
8508:
8496:
8471:
8467:
8458:
8450:
8434:(3): 43–54.
8431:
8427:
8421:
8413:
8397:(5): 87–94.
8394:
8390:
8380:
8368:
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8327:
8304:
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8281:
8275:
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7937:
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7892:
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7874:
7849:
7845:
7839:
7823:10.2307/5647
7806:
7802:
7796:
7779:
7775:
7772:Cuon alpinus
7771:
7767:
7766:), leopard (
7763:
7742:
7709:
7705:
7698:
7686:
7674:
7662:
7650:
7631:
7627:
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7605:
7593:
7566:
7554:
7542:
7530:
7501:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7417:
7411:
7399:. Retrieved
7371:
7367:
7354:
7345:
7341:
7328:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7297:
7272:
7268:
7264:
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7236:(1): 19–32.
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7229:
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7036:
7030:
7007:
6995:
6983:
6971:
6959:
6947:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6908:
6896:. Retrieved
6850:
6846:
6840:
6832:
6820:
6803:
6799:
6730:
6726:
6720:
6712:
6695:
6691:
6684:
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6655:
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6618:
6614:
6586:
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6576:
6568:
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6527:
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6517:
6484:
6480:
6474:
6429:
6425:
6415:
6370:
6366:
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6331:
6327:
6321:
6297:(12): e560.
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6280:
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6122:
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6067:
6057:
6038:
6034:
6024:
6018:(56): 14–15.
6015:
6009:
5995:
5981:
5969:
5950:
5946:
5887:
5883:
5873:
5861:. Retrieved
5859:(7): 894–895
5856:
5852:
5839:
5827:. Retrieved
5797:
5793:
5780:
5743:
5739:
5729:
5712:
5706:
5699:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5637:
5633:
5623:
5568:
5518:. Retrieved
5503:
5497:
5489:
5477:
5437:
5430:
5418:
5406:
5382:(152): 1–8.
5379:
5373:
5306:. Retrieved
5292:
5273:
5269:
5237:
5186:
5182:
5175:
5150:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5100:
5096:
5086:
5041:
5037:
4971:
4967:
4956:
4926:(1): 64–76.
4923:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4874:
4870:
4860:
4851:
4845:
4823:
4817:
4813:
4804:
4785:
4779:
4762:
4758:
4711:(12): e442.
4708:
4704:PLOS Biology
4702:
4696:
4670:. Retrieved
4642:
4638:
4629:
4589:
4585:
4538:
4534:
4488:
4484:
4465:
4461:
4436:
4426:
4349:(1): e4125.
4346:
4342:
4332:
4320:
4311:
4301:
4279:(1): 45–68.
4276:
4272:
4268:
4247:. Retrieved
4237:
4229:
4217:. Retrieved
4195:
4186:
4155:. Retrieved
4145:
4108:
4104:
4053:
4049:
4038:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3977:. Retrieved
3965:
3883:
3879:
3838:
3827:
3804:
3798:
3776:
3772:
3762:
3729:
3725:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3681:. Retrieved
3672:
3662:
3653:
3647:
3639:
3630:
3625:Felis tigris
3624:
3597:. Retrieved
3583:
3577:
3571:
3534:Tiger Temple
3489:
3473:Water Margin
3471:
3465:
3452:
3440:Mnong people
3389:
3357:Azure Dragon
3345:Four Symbols
3310:
3298:
3289:
3255:
3231:Clyde Beatty
3216:
3183:ancient Rome
3180:
3112:
3101:
3087:Tiger attack
3063:
3008:Rescued and
3007:
2980:
2975:Taman Negara
2971:
2959:West Sumatra
2926:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2734:3,167–3,682
2688:Conservation
2679:
2658:
2649:
2624:
2610:since 2001.
2567:
2543:
2531:
2493:
2486:
2481:Physaloptera
2479:
2473:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2440:
2424:
2397:
2376:
2366:
2341:
2322:
2301:
2297:success rate
2273:
2254:
2194:
2146:
2135:
2075:
2049:
2043:Bengal tiger
1984:
1971:
1948:
1892:
1867:Mêdog County
1863:Mishmi Hills
1788:
1773:
1722:
1716:and loss of
1689:golden tiger
1674:
1654:colour blind
1643:
1634:
1613:
1585:
1558:
1552:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1454:
1452:
1436:snow leopard
1419:
1417:
1405:
1354:
1334:
1307:
1272:
1271:
1253:Snow leopard
1251:
1230:
1185:
1153:P. t. balica
1152:
1126:
1099:
1073:
1041:
996:had shorter
981:
941:
909:
875:P. t. tigris
874:
870:Bengal tiger
848:
839:
829:
826:P. t. tigris
825:
815:
806:
803:P. t. tigris
802:
748:
738:
732:
712:
709:Felis tigris
708:
699:
693:
667:
654:
647:
640:
635:
607:
555:Central Asia
544:
501:
475:
470:
469:
465:
463:
448:
437:
424:Felis tigris
423:
389:
379:
369:
359:
354:P. t. tigris
352:
328:
326:
310:
309:
297:
40:
17481:iNaturalist
17368:Wikispecies
17292:M. sibirica
17274:M. putorius
17247:M. nigripes
17229:M. lutreola
17202:M. haidarum
17098:N. africana
17061:A. congicus
17052:A. cinereus
17043:A. capensis
16943:Sea otter (
16921:L. provocax
16828:I. striatus
16749:Ictonychini
16644:M. melampus
16556:Wolverine (
16534:P. pennanti
16457:M. moschata
16448:M. everetti
16394:M. leucurus
16352:A. hoevenii
16343:A. collaris
16293:M. capensis
16188:N. olivacea
16103:Olinguito (
16059:Bassaricyon
16046:P. pygmaeus
15976:Bassariscus
15949:Procyonidae
15924:S. putorius
15915:S. gracilis
15833:M. mephitis
15824:M. macroura
15718:Red panda (
15698:Musteloidea
15659:Ross seal (
15612:Lobodontini
15544:Neomonachus
15472:P. sibirica
15430:P. vitulina
15395:Grey seal (
15377:Harp seal (
15269:A. pusillus
15233:A. forsteri
15068:Callorhinus
15002:Pinnipedia
14961:Musteloidea
14733:C. simensis
14697:C. lupaster
14566:Hoary fox (
14559:L. sechurae
14532:L. fulvipes
14523:L. culpaeus
14419:(true dogs)
14378:Swift fox (
14353:V. macrotis
14245:Nyctereutes
14154:Caniformia
14099:H. ochracea
14057:B. nigripes
14048:B. jacksoni
13935:U. javanica
13852:Herpestinae
13827:C. obscurus
13818:C. ansorgei
13798:Crossarchus
13654:(mongooses)
13643:Herpestidae
13623:S. durrelli
13614:S. concolor
13564:G. fasciata
13501:E. goudotii
13422:Herpestidae
13332:P. cristata
13193:G. thierryi
13148:G. maculata
13112:G. cristata
13103:G. bourloni
12856:Paradoxurus
12814:Binturong (
12753:Hemigalinae
12730:Viverroidea
12693:Viverroidea
12652:F. nigripes
12504:Leopard cat
12489:P. concolor
12406:L. pardinus
12355:L. tigrinus
12346:L. pardalis
12337:L. jacobita
12328:L. guttulus
12301:L. colocola
12060:N. nebulosa
12030:Pantherinae
11910:Feliformia
11694:Jackson, P.
11535:Thapar 2004
11471:Thapar 2004
11300:20 February
11273:Thapar 2004
11261:Thapar 2004
11202:Thapar 2004
11169:Zoo Biology
11132:Zoo Biology
11080:Thapar 2004
11068:Thapar 2004
10998:Thapar 2004
10976:10356/88201
10929:Thapar 2004
10837:Thapar 2004
10800:Thapar 2004
10693:: 1124340.
10629:(1): 20–30.
10383:: 1213552.
10343:(1): 2–15.
9873:18 February
9639:19 February
9452:(3): e622.
9352:(9): e247.
9200:: 105–109.
8675:) in Nepal"
8568:Thapar 2004
8541:14 February
8513:Thapar 2004
8468:Zoo Biology
8282:BMC Zoology
8192:Thapar 2004
8153:Thapar 2004
8134:Thapar 2004
8082:Thapar 2004
8036:: 119–125.
7889:population"
7747:Thapar 2004
7667:Thapar 2004
7586:Thapar 2004
7571:Thapar 2004
7547:Thapar 2004
7535:Thapar 2004
7494:Thapar 2004
7401:16 December
7084:Thapar 2004
7060:Thapar 2004
6952:Thapar 2004
6783:Thapar 2004
6561:Thapar 2004
5953:: 1191280.
5573:Thapar 2004
5482:Thapar 2004
5423:Thapar 2004
4877:(1): 1–11.
4105:BMC Biology
3683:21 February
3341:White Tiger
3239:Sara Houcke
3227:Mabel Stark
3203:Middle Ages
3199:Kublai Khan
3119:Jim Corbett
2961:provinces.
2909:5,634–5,891
2666:retaliation
2653:confiscated
2619:Javan tiger
2608:South China
2595:agriculture
2591:plantations
2488:Dirofilaria
2483:preputialis
2444:infanticide
2420:Buffalo Zoo
2307:Competitors
2205:sambar deer
2186:sambar deer
2138:rub against
1991:territories
1987:home ranges
1967:crepuscular
1923:dipterocarp
1881:and rugged
1807:Korean pine
1681:white tiger
1670:white tiger
1638:colouration
1597:nasal bones
1557:with other
1553:Tigers can
1479:P. zdanskyi
1461:Pleistocene
1410:nuclear DNA
1122:Javan tiger
1112:Description
998:carnassials
861:Description
771:South China
767:Indochinese
727:. In 1929,
638:Old English
628:worldwide.
540:home ranges
345:Subspecies
287:Pantherinae
283:Subfamily:
17796:Categories
17265:M. nudipes
17256:M. nivalis
17220:M. kathiah
17175:M. erminea
17166:M. altaica
17116:N. frenata
17107:N. felipei
17077:Mustelinae
16819:I. libycus
16733:G. vittata
16599:M. caurina
16376:M. anakuma
16254:Mustelidae
16241:Mustelidae
16217:see below↓
16208:Mustelidae
16105:B. neblina
16016:(raccoons)
15987:B. astutus
15985:Ringtail (
15961:Kinkajou (
15933:S. pygmaea
15874:M. marchei
15732:Mephitidae
15600:M. leonina
15492:Monachinae
15463:P. hispida
15454:P. caspica
15251:A. gazella
15183:N. cinerea
15079:C. ursinus
15017:Odobenidae
14970:see below↓
14950:see below↓
14934:Pinnipedia
14852:Sun bear (
14819:T. ornatus
14808:Tremarctos
14784:Ailuropoda
14722:Red wolf (
14688:C. latrans
14611:L. adustus
14568:L. vetulus
14541:L. griseus
14471:Bush dog (
14362:V. pallida
14360:Pale fox (
14344:V. lagopus
14315:Cape fox (
14195:Gray fox (
13953:U. smithii
13785:H. parvula
13776:H. hirtula
13664:Mungotinae
13553:Galidictis
13526:Galidiinae
13454:Euplerinae
13437:Eupleridae
13426:sensu lato
13397:C. crocuta
13330:Aardwolf (
13261:see below↓
13202:G. tigrina
13175:G. poensis
13157:G. pardina
13139:G. letabae
13121:G. genetta
13019:Genettinae
13003:V. zibetha
12923:Viverrinae
12912:sensu lato
12907:Viverrinae
12876:P. jerdoni
12743:Viverridae
12702:see below↓
12641:Sand cat (
12448:A. jubatus
12273:C. caracal
12166:Pardofelis
11985:P. linsang
11926:Feliformia
11564:Thapar, V.
11547:Green 2006
11520:Green 2006
11508:Green 2006
11458:Green 2006
11214:Green 2006
11092:Green 2006
11055:Mills 2004
10941:Green 2006
10917:Mills 2004
10823:0195677285
10554:: 126501.
10479:: 108848.
10231:: e00382.
9758:1887/57668
9589:: e00960.
9387:GeoJournal
9163:: e00766.
8884:1903/31503
8859:(7): 747.
8818:: e01718.
8556:Mills 2004
8501:Mills 2004
8361:Mills 2004
8309:Mills 2004
8177:Mills 2004
8165:Mills 2004
8070:Mills 2004
7610:Mills 2004
7477:2263/50208
7426:B0007DU2IU
7275:: e00268.
7182:Mills 2004
6988:Mills 2004
6964:Mills 2004
6825:Mills 2004
6487:(1): 1–9.
6481:Écoscience
5863:29 January
5679:BioScience
5520:17 October
4996:2263/32583
4854:: 505–541.
4672:15 January
4468:: 594–599.
4219:25 January
3540:References
3482:Shere Khan
3444:shapeshift
3436:weretigers
3422:. In both
3258:exotic pet
3207:menageries
3108:Man-eating
3097:Sundarbans
2854:Bangladesh
2621:skin, 1915
2574:irrigation
2546:Endangered
2516:antibodies
2495:Uiteinarta
2388:Copulation
2237:porcupines
2213:barasingha
2070:anal gland
2056:ranges by
1995:Sundarbans
1975:pipal tree
1851:Sundarbans
1725:melanistic
1710:inbreeding
1675:The three
1646:camouflage
1555:interbreed
1467:to modern
1202:nasal bone
1148:Bali tiger
1109:Population
986:Hilzheimer
858:Population
755:subspecies
745:Subspecies
645:Old French
571:Endangered
504:coniferous
493:subspecies
267:Feliformia
263:Suborder:
186:Appendix I
168:Endangered
17669:Q41083521
17211:M. itatsi
17145:(weasels)
17008:Lutrogale
16945:E. lutris
16903:L. felina
16712:(grisons)
16635:M. martes
16578:(martens)
16496:Guloninae
16282:Mellivora
16155:N. narica
16096:B. medius
16087:B. gabbii
16078:B. alleni
16066:(olingos)
16035:Raccoon (
15887:Spilogale
15773:C. chinga
15754:Conepatus
15710:Ailuridae
15509:Monachini
15421:P. largha
15091:Otariinae
15054:sea lions
15049:fur seals
15040:Otariidae
14925:Mustelida
14896:U. arctos
14758:Arctoidea
14715:C. lycaon
14670:C. aureus
14600:Lupulella
14512:Lycalopex
14389:V. vulpes
14387:Red fox (
14351:Kit fox (
14326:V. corsac
14070:Herpestes
13683:Meerkat (
13442:(Malagasy
13344:Hyaeninae
13305:Hyaenidae
13220:G. felina
12634:F. lybica
12446:Cheetah (
12364:L. wiedii
12353:Oncilla (
12319:L. guigna
12290:Leopardus
12271:Caracal (
12264:C. aurata
12199:Bay cat (
12120:P. pardus
12118:Leopard (
12093:P. tigris
12051:N. diardi
11969:Prionodon
11869:Kingdom:
11858:Carnivora
9502:and why?"
9029:amoyensis
8785:(1): 13.
7993:: 68–78.
7734:259903849
7454:: 57–64.
7269:Food Webs
6800:Behaviour
6698:: 83–94.
6639:254187854
6334:: 18–26.
5829:25 August
5530:cite book
5308:26 August
5211:246693903
4810:Mazák, V.
4786:Der Tiger
4582:Mazák, V.
4111:(1): 64.
3979:27 August
3826:"Species
3754:165388712
3599:31 August
3512:Kellogg's
3458:The Tyger
3247:Las Vegas
3148:Tiger at
3133:Captivity
2764:Indonesia
2716:Estimate
2470:nematodes
2404:altricial
2393:Gestation
2362:Tiger Cub
2265:wild boar
2225:Abundance
2221:wild boar
2197:carnivore
2078:dominance
1875:evergreen
1871:deciduous
1853:. In the
1823:ungulates
1819:dispersal
1817:serve as
1797:. In the
1770:in Russia
1737:phenotype
1705:polygenes
1459:of early
1422:with the
1218:Evolution
1184:formerly
1151:formerly
1125:formerly
1072:formerly
1040:formerly
1018:haplotype
980:formerly
940:formerly
908:formerly
873:formerly
694:In 1758,
632:Etymology
618:mythology
536:ungulates
442:Severtzov
305:Species:
257:Carnivora
223:Kingdom:
217:Eukaryota
17872:Panthera
17812:Big cats
17683:47054053
17663:Wikidata
17624:Species+
17551:14000259
17499:10762914
17395:BioLib:
17353:Wikidata
17191:Ferret (
17125:N. vison
16986:L. lutra
16854:(otters)
16848:Lutrinae
16705:Galictis
16617:M. foina
16532:Fisher (
16420:Melogale
16403:M. meles
16323:Arctonyx
16168:Nasuella
16146:N. nasua
16123:(coatis)
16037:P. lotor
15813:Mephitis
15572:Mirounga
15322:Phocinae
15303:Phocidae
15172:Neophoca
15118:Zalophus
15025:Walrus (
14724:C. rufus
14706:C. lupus
14686:Coyote (
14521:Culpeo (
14462:Speothos
14398:V. zerda
14380:V. velox
14317:V. chama
14028:Bdeogale
13926:U. fusca
13765:Helogale
13735:M. mungo
13674:Suricata
13603:Salanoia
13510:E. major
13490:Eupleres
13321:Proteles
13310:(hyenas)
13074:(genets)
12625:F. chaus
12616:F. catus
12607:F. bieti
12487:Cougar (
12437:Acinonyx
12415:L. rufus
12413:Bobcat (
12362:Margay (
12344:Ocelot (
12317:Kodkod (
12238:Serval (
12201:C. badia
12190:Catopuma
12100:Jaguar (
12084:P. uncia
12073:Panthera
12040:Neofelis
11958:Feloidea
11889:Eutheria
11883:Mammalia
11877:Chordata
11875:Phylum:
11871:Animalia
11819:IUCN/SSC
11767:category
11671:(1967).
11566:(2004).
11415:29985962
11375:PLOS ONE
11294:Archived
11292:. 2023.
11248:32259865
11189:29165868
11154:36478300
10985:24810674
10904:21392348
10787:18424146
10590:Archived
10454:37261321
10445:10227491
10357:26458501
10298:: 41–42.
10292:Cat News
10275:16 April
10269:Archived
10206:16362487
10103:12 April
10094:Archived
10055:Archived
9955:6 August
9946:Archived
9914:Archived
9864:Archived
9690:: 1–29.
9633:Archived
9427:35431409
9316:Archived
8971:36881515
8910:: 9–19.
8760:35288989
8701:33822151
8656:20966275
8620:23943758
8535:Archived
8531:BBC News
8488:33861886
8254:26096683
7972:33976847
7726:37449566
7392:Archived
7250:32627329
7145:25252052
6939:53149100
6925:: 1–10.
6885:18437496
6767:24223132
6727:PLOS ONE
6548:92736301
6509:92446020
6466:27049644
6426:PLOS ONE
6407:22949642
6196:22087218
6156:PLOS ONE
6100:37464931
6091:10415778
6016:Cat News
5924:34518374
5824:28281538
5772:31138092
5664:20961899
5500:(tiger)"
5454:38509845
5302:Archived
5127:24225466
5078:22016768
5038:PLOS ONE
5014:24045858
4974:: 2433.
4948:20138224
4916:Panthera
4901:26518481
4842:"Tigers"
4737:15583716
4663:Archived
4606:84054536
4586:Mammalia
4565:35892215
4541:(1979).
4513:37652999
4383:19142238
4343:PLOS ONE
4210:Archived
4185:"Tiger,
4137:37069598
4128:10111772
4080:33592092
4030:30482605
3970:Archived
3966:Cat News
3918:26601191
3858:62265494
3824:(2005).
3769:"Tigers"
3746:26560471
3677:Archived
3669:"τίγρις"
3518:See also
3462:The Lamb
3412:Dionysus
3396:Hinduism
3392:Buddhism
3219:circuses
3075:trophies
3014:orphaned
2942:ratified
2824:<150
2818:Malaysia
2806:148–189
2800:Thailand
2788:316–355
2752:573–600
2710:Country
2563:poaching
2475:Toxocara
2460:erinacei
2436:Studbook
2384:lordosis
2267:in
2158:snarling
2154:growling
2125:Captive
1915:Mae Wong
1845:and the
1795:Caucasus
1741:mutation
1701:wideband
1559:Panthera
1529:refugium
1516:Holocene
1469:Panthera
1444:lineages
1420:Panthera
1406:Panthera
1232:Panthera
946:Temminck
795:validity
775:Siberian
734:Panthera
690:Taxonomy
684:homonyms
672:Armenian
622:folklore
614:circuses
591:poaching
477:Panthera
428:Linnaeus
415:Synonyms
337:Linnaeus
298:Panthera
273:Family:
247:Mammalia
237:Chordata
233:Phylum:
227:Animalia
213:Domain:
173:IUCN 3.1
146:, India
17774:Biology
17762:Animals
17750:Mammals
17724:Portals
17704:ZooBank
17696:4969819
17538:1006023
17473:5219416
17193:M. furo
17138:Mustela
17087:Neogale
16934:Enhydra
16808:Ictonyx
16767:Vormela
16724:G. cuja
16651:Sable (
16558:G. gulo
16523:Pekania
16508:Tayra (
16305:Melinae
16117:Nasuina
16009:Procyon
15365:Phocini
15004:(seals)
14939:(seals)
14831:Ursinae
14773:(bears)
14768:Ursidae
14644:Dhole (
14434:(zorro)
14308:V. cana
14218:Vulpini
14186:Urocyon
14170:Canidae
13962:U. urva
13466:Fossa (
13386:Crocuta
13068:Genetta
12965:Viverra
12506:lineage
12428:lineage
12397:L. lynx
12253:Caracal
12227:lineage
12225:Caracal
12157:lineage
12155:Bay cat
12141:Felinae
12102:P. onca
12091:Tiger (
12011:Felidae
11881:Class:
11860:species
11856:Extant
11811:"Tiger
11719:"Tiger
11406:6037359
11383:Bibcode
11354:7 March
10767:Bibcode
10728:Bibcode
10655:Bibcode
10599:7 April
10556:Bibcode
10520:Bibcode
10481:Bibcode
10422:Bibcode
10233:Bibcode
10186:Bibcode
10161:8 April
10064:9 April
9920:8 April
9782:Bibcode
9591:Bibcode
9550:Bibcode
9454:Bibcode
9418:9005341
9395:Bibcode
9354:Bibcode
9325:1 March
9278:Bibcode
9276:: 1–7.
9202:Bibcode
9165:Bibcode
9081:Bibcode
8912:Bibcode
8861:Bibcode
8820:Bibcode
8751:9545158
8728:Bibcode
8611:3747579
8038:Bibcode
7995:Bibcode
7963:8093734
7942:Bibcode
7901:Bibcode
7854:Bibcode
7811:Bibcode
7456:Bibcode
7368:Ecology
7277:Bibcode
7029:"Tiger
6898:29 June
6893:5558760
6855:Bibcode
6758:3819329
6735:Bibcode
6489:Bibcode
6457:4822765
6434:Bibcode
6398:3458348
6375:Bibcode
6336:Bibcode
6299:Bibcode
6260:Bibcode
6223:Bibcode
6187:3206793
6164:Bibcode
5915:8488692
5892:Bibcode
5815:5518981
5763:6544896
5655:3061134
5398:3504004
5191:Bibcode
5155:Bibcode
5118:3843846
5069:3189913
5046:Bibcode
5005:3778509
4976:Bibcode
4928:Bibcode
4892:4691742
4647:Bibcode
4556:9326283
4493:Bibcode
4428:Siebold
4374:2624500
4351:Bibcode
4281:Bibcode
4157:14 June
4153:. CatSG
4151:"Tiger"
4071:8136513
4008:Bibcode
3909:4640610
3888:Bibcode
3478:Wu Song
3432:shamans
3424:Chinese
3400:vehicle
3363:of the
3347:of the
3325:emperor
3294:Zhao Mo
3191:venatio
3152:in 2014
3081:Attacks
3054:Hunting
2890:Myanmar
2878:>60
2645:logging
2548:on the
2540:Threats
2400:Litters
2285:newtons
2233:peafowl
2229:monkeys
2199:and an
2166:purring
2162:prusten
2129:roaring
2082:oestrus
2003:monsoon
1911:logging
1849:of the
1723:Pseudo-
1609:canines
1601:cranium
1595:, long
1589:dewclaw
1539:Hybrids
1491:Lantion
1483:synonym
1428:leopard
1336:Leopard
1198:Sumatra
1192:, 1929)
1159:, 1912)
1157:Schwarz
1048:, 1968)
1014:rhombus
988:, 1905)
948:, 1844)
916:, 1815)
914:Illiger
809:in the
779:Caspian
763:Malayan
676:Persian
650:, from
585:due to
573:on the
522:on the
510:in the
455:, 1867
444:, 1858
339:, 1758)
293:Genus:
277:Felidae
253:Order:
243:Class:
188: (
171: (
118:↓
17512:183805
17460:PNTHTI
17447:328674
17431:ECOS:
17359:Q19939
16883:Lontra
16571:Martes
15846:Mydaus
15740:skunks
14704:Wolf (
14584:Canina
14414:Canini
14278:Vulpes
14174:(dogs)
13715:Mungos
13029:Poiana
12111:P. leo
12109:Lion (
12015:(cats)
11804:Tigers
11793:Tigers
11737:
11706:
11681:
11657:
11636:
11614:
11595:
11576:
11491:
11441:
11413:
11403:
11322:6 June
11246:
11187:
11152:
11111:6 June
10983:
10902:
10820:
10785:
10452:
10442:
10355:
10204:
10029:
9425:
9415:
8969:
8758:
8748:
8699:
8654:
8618:
8608:
8486:
8288:: 16.
8252:
7970:
7960:
7829:
7732:
7724:
7424:
7388:176521
7386:
7248:
7143:
7043:
6937:
6891:
6883:
6765:
6755:
6637:
6546:
6507:
6464:
6454:
6405:
6395:
6194:
6184:
6098:
6088:
5922:
5912:
5822:
5812:
5770:
5760:
5662:
5652:
5510:
5452:
5396:
5209:
5125:
5115:
5076:
5066:
5012:
5002:
4946:
4899:
4889:
4792:
4735:
4728:534810
4725:
4604:
4563:
4553:
4511:
4381:
4371:
4249:27 May
4202:
4135:
4125:
4078:
4068:
4028:
3916:
3906:
3856:
3846:
3752:
3744:
3510:, the
3502:, the
3500:Tigger
3496:Mowgli
3033:among
2836:Bhutan
2746:Russia
2628:snares
2578:mining
2325:dholes
2317:dholes
2170:miaows
2066:faeces
1957:, six
1803:Ussuri
1699:and a
1593:orbits
1520:Borneo
1442:whose
1432:jaguar
1412:study
1309:Jaguar
1190:Pocock
1115:Image
1006:orbits
1002:molars
864:Image
793:. The
759:Bengal
753:tiger
751:recent
680:Tigris
668:tigris
663:τίγρις
655:tigris
641:tigras
490:recent
18:Tigers
17642:12803
17616:90651
17603:42314
17590:86326
17525:15955
17494:IRMNG
17486:41967
17424:4CGXS
17411:73508
17032:Aonyx
16975:Lutra
16365:Meles
16135:Nasua
15410:Phoca
14867:Ursus
14659:Canis
14286:foxes
12596:Felis
11729:[
11650:Tiger
11589:Tiger
11244:S2CID
10981:JSTOR
10619:(PDF)
10593:(PDF)
10586:(PDF)
10097:(PDF)
10090:(PDF)
10058:(PDF)
10051:(PDF)
9949:(PDF)
9942:(PDF)
9867:(PDF)
9860:(PDF)
9319:(PDF)
9312:(PDF)
9027:ssp.
8596:(4).
8464:(PDF)
7827:JSTOR
7730:S2CID
7395:(PDF)
7384:JSTOR
7364:(PDF)
7338:(PDF)
7141:S2CID
6935:S2CID
6889:S2CID
6635:S2CID
6544:S2CID
6526:)?".
6505:S2CID
5849:(PDF)
5790:(PDF)
5394:JSTOR
5245:Japan
5207:S2CID
4761:. 8.
4666:(PDF)
4635:(PDF)
4602:S2CID
4243:(PDF)
4213:(PDF)
4192:(PDF)
3973:(PDF)
3962:(PDF)
3832:. In
3750:S2CID
3742:JSTOR
3706:[
3414:. In
3404:Durga
3384:Guler
3380:Durga
3327:. In
3319:. In
2902:Total
2872:China
2782:Nepal
2728:India
2713:Year
2671:Hanoi
2472:like
2379:mates
1791:Tugay
1743:of a
1697:locus
1685:sepia
1567:tigon
1563:liger
1465:basal
1273:Tiger
1046:Mazák
962:ochre
887:tawny
822:felid
783:Javan
749:Nine
713:Felis
652:Latin
648:tigre
559:China
466:tiger
190:CITES
184:CITES
46:Tiger
17786:Asia
17738:Cats
17691:GBIF
17629:6047
17577:9694
17572:NCBI
17520:IUCN
17507:ITIS
17468:GBIF
17455:EPPO
17434:1765
17406:BOLD
17398:2045
16547:Gulo
15443:Pusa
13888:Urva
12478:Puma
12426:Puma
12377:Lynx
11735:ISBN
11704:ISBN
11679:ISBN
11655:ISBN
11634:ISBN
11612:ISBN
11593:ISBN
11574:ISBN
11489:ISBN
11439:ISBN
11411:PMID
11356:2009
11324:2024
11302:2024
11185:PMID
11150:PMID
11113:2023
11042:link
10900:PMID
10818:ISBN
10783:PMID
10601:2024
10450:PMID
10353:PMID
10277:2024
10202:PMID
10163:2024
10105:2024
10066:2024
10027:ISBN
9957:2022
9922:2024
9875:2024
9813:Oryx
9735:Oryx
9712:link
9641:2024
9506:Oryx
9423:PMID
9327:2024
9237:Oryx
9114:Oryx
9041:2008
8994:Oryx
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