2191:
106:
There are a large number of different time temperature indicators available in the market, based on different technologies. To the degree that these physical changes in the indicator match the degradation rate of the food, the indicator can help indicate probable food degradation.
553:
74:: These are time-temperature indicators that provide a visual indication of whether a product has been exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range during a specific portion of its life cycle.
550:
98:
or the likelihood of spoilage. These small recorders are also used to identify the time (and thus location) of a shipment when the problem occurred, which allows for corrective action.
497:
80:: Unlike partial history indicators, these give an indication of whether the product has been exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range during the entire life cycle.
329:
Riva, Marco; Piergiovanni, Schiraldi (January 2001), "Performances of time-temperature indicators in the study of temperature exposure of packaged fresh foods",
144:
Time-temperature indicators can be used on food products that are dependent on a controlled temperature environment. Certain technologies can also be used for
422:
534:
Taoukis, P. and T.P. Labuza. 2003. Time temperature indicators. In: Novel Food
Packaging Techniques. R. Ahvenainen (ed.). Woodhead Publ., Cambridge, UK.
363:
304:
90:
Digital temperature data loggers are available to indicate the full temperature history of a shipment to help identify the time period that out-of-
645:
35:) is a device or smart label that shows the accumulated time-temperature history of a product. Time temperature indicators are commonly used on
190:
regulates the use of TTIs for certain medical products. There is extensive regulation by the FDA on the use of TTIs on US seafood products.
568:
467:
1779:
544:
505:
1689:
170:
on the use of TTIs on food products. As TTIs help assure the cold chain of food products, they are expected to reduce the amount of
158:(MREs) from the US military have included "Fresh-Check" TTIs on the cardboard boxes since 1997 to help estimate their shelf lives.
529:
416:
573:
1091:
600:
2075:
2045:
893:
229:
54:
measures and records the temperatures for a specified time period. The digital data can be downloaded and analyzed.
2015:
1749:
1603:
1448:
86:: These monitor a critical temperature threshold that, if exceeded, may cause irreversible damage to the product.
17:
562:
399:
124:-based TTIs: a mixture containing dye and bacteria changes color as bacteria grow and chemically changes the dye
1854:
132:
1965:
918:
2224:
1121:
2010:
1894:
1126:
908:
166:
Surveys within the
European Union projects "Freshlabel" and "Chill-on" have shown positive feedback from
2108:
2070:
2000:
1990:
928:
788:
715:
630:
187:
453:
1995:
1864:
1463:
883:
853:
743:
2025:
1648:
1568:
1428:
956:
593:
199:
128:
51:
475:
1744:
1453:
1156:
888:
868:
219:
94:
temperatures were encountered. This temperature history can be used to calculate the loss of
2173:
2123:
2103:
2050:
1383:
1333:
1056:
1051:
710:
700:
675:
91:
2219:
2214:
2143:
2005:
1533:
848:
680:
364:"Temperature Micro-T RFID Data Logger, COLD Temperature -40°C to 80°C, 200 PSI, Miniature"
8:
2030:
1839:
1638:
1478:
1358:
818:
2229:
2195:
2158:
2118:
1970:
1879:
1844:
1794:
1679:
1388:
1258:
1228:
1166:
903:
803:
783:
778:
685:
586:
441:
346:
281:
246:
155:
2163:
2148:
2020:
1940:
1935:
1849:
1824:
1809:
1789:
1759:
1739:
1618:
1588:
1423:
1373:
996:
878:
838:
720:
705:
660:
635:
525:
412:
350:
286:
268:
225:
175:
2178:
2168:
1985:
1814:
1769:
1729:
1719:
1583:
1498:
1278:
1176:
1071:
1046:
961:
913:
858:
690:
655:
640:
625:
338:
276:
258:
2138:
2133:
2113:
2035:
1955:
1910:
1874:
1829:
1764:
1734:
1488:
1473:
1378:
1273:
1171:
768:
665:
557:
524:
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of
Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
21:
2098:
2093:
2065:
1915:
1889:
1884:
1774:
1694:
1684:
1598:
1573:
1543:
1503:
1318:
1253:
1196:
1101:
1086:
1066:
976:
828:
823:
748:
381:
2208:
2055:
1950:
1920:
1869:
1859:
1804:
1784:
1593:
1563:
1508:
1233:
1096:
843:
670:
650:
272:
1699:
1628:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1523:
1458:
1363:
1243:
1223:
1216:
1206:
1201:
1106:
1031:
1001:
966:
933:
833:
808:
290:
115:
1980:
1945:
1819:
1608:
1483:
1468:
1433:
1413:
1403:
1343:
1323:
1268:
1191:
1006:
938:
923:
873:
758:
263:
145:
47:
to indicate exposure to excessive temperature (and time at temperature).
2060:
2040:
1930:
1799:
1724:
1613:
1528:
1393:
1353:
1328:
1293:
1263:
1186:
1161:
1111:
981:
813:
798:
773:
753:
695:
171:
149:
95:
40:
574:
Article on the introduction of a TTI at a food producer in
Switzerland
521:
ASTM F1416 Standard Guide for
Selection of Time-Temperature Indicators
2153:
1960:
1754:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1578:
1553:
1398:
1283:
1238:
1181:
948:
793:
725:
609:
305:"Important Techniques to Control Food Inventory - SIPMM Publications"
342:
1975:
1925:
1834:
1704:
1663:
1493:
1418:
1408:
1313:
1248:
1151:
1136:
1081:
1021:
898:
863:
763:
408:
167:
44:
114:-based TTIs: an enzyme changes the color of the dye on a piece of
1714:
1709:
1658:
1368:
1116:
971:
121:
2128:
1513:
1211:
1076:
1041:
1036:
1011:
991:
111:
1518:
1438:
1338:
1061:
551:
Article on the introduction of a TTI at a large food producer
578:
569:
WHO Factsheet on the global amount of food related illnesses
247:"Intelligent Packaging in the Food Sector: A Brief Overview"
1348:
1288:
1026:
328:
36:
545:
FDA regulation on the use of TTI's in the seafood industry
135:
communication can be used to retrieve the temperature log.
1443:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1016:
986:
67:
The basic types of time-temperature indicators include:
2206:
646:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
594:
244:
139:
1780:Hazard analysis and critical control points
601:
587:
1690:Automatic identification and data capture
280:
262:
245:Müller, Patricia; Schmid, Markus (2019).
217:
468:"WHO: Food safety and foodborne illness"
224:. New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 375.
221:Food Packaging: Principles and Practice
2207:
582:
515:
1092:Flexible intermediate bulk container
174:, as well as reducing the number of
13:
2076:Vertical form fill sealing machine
14:
2241:
2046:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
894:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
538:
428:from the original on July 2, 2008
2190:
2189:
2016:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
331:Packaging Technology and Science
101:
1750:Electronic article surveillance
1604:Shock and vibration data logger
1449:Linear low-density polyethylene
84:Critical temperature indicators
18:Evaporative heat cost allocator
1855:Radio-frequency identification
490:
460:
392:
374:
356:
322:
297:
238:
211:
62:
1:
1966:Extended core stretch wrapper
919:Single-serve coffee container
608:
205:
181:
131:can be attached to the item.
1122:Insulated shipping container
218:Robertson, Gordon L (1993).
7:
2011:Material-handling equipment
1895:Verification and validation
1127:Intermediate bulk container
909:Self-heating food packaging
193:
161:
10:
2246:
1654:Time temperature indicator
127:Digital TTIs: a miniature
72:Partial history indicators
29:time temperature indicator
15:
2187:
2109:Environmental engineering
2084:
2071:Turntable stretch wrapper
2001:Lineshaft roller conveyor
1991:Injection molding machine
1903:
1672:
1302:
947:
929:Toothpaste pump dispenser
789:Disposable food packaging
734:
631:Child-resistant packaging
616:
188:World Health Organization
140:TTIs in the food industry
1996:Label printer applicator
1865:Shearing (manufacturing)
1464:Low-density polyethylene
884:Pharmaceutical packaging
854:Low plastic water bottle
744:Alternative wine closure
368:Phase IV Engineering Inc
309:publication.sipmm.edu.sg
16:Not to be confused with
2026:Orbital stretch wrapper
1649:Temperature data logger
1569:Pressure-sensitive tape
1429:Humidity indicator card
957:Aerosol spray dispenser
200:Humidity indicator card
129:temperature data logger
78:Full history indicators
57:
52:temperature data logger
1745:Die forming (plastics)
1454:Liquid packaging board
1157:Multilayered packaging
889:Plastic milk container
869:Optical disc packaging
563:WRAP Food Waste Report
2174:Sustainable packaging
2124:Life-cycle assessment
2104:Closed-loop box reuse
2051:Seed-counting machine
1384:Corrugated fiberboard
1334:Biodegradable plastic
1057:Corrugated box design
711:Sustainable packaging
701:Shelf-ready packaging
676:Packaging engineering
2144:PET bottle recycling
2006:Logistics automation
1534:Plastic-coated paper
681:Resealable packaging
264:10.3390/foods8010016
2225:Temperature control
2196:Category: Packaging
2031:Packaging machinery
1840:Product development
1639:Tamper-evident band
1479:Modified atmosphere
819:Foam food container
176:foodborne illnesses
156:Meals, Ready-to-Eat
2159:Reusable packaging
2119:Industrial ecology
1880:Ultrasonic welding
1845:Production control
1795:Injection moulding
1680:Aseptic processing
1389:Corrugated plastic
1259:Steel and tin cans
1229:Shipping container
1167:Packet (container)
904:Seasonal packaging
804:Evidence packaging
784:Currency packaging
779:Cosmetic packaging
686:Reusable packaging
556:2018-08-14 at the
516:General References
478:on 12 January 2004
2202:
2201:
2164:Reverse logistics
2149:Plastic recycling
2021:Multihead weigher
1941:Cartoning machine
1936:Cap torque tester
1850:Quality assurance
1825:Plastic extrusion
1790:Induction sealing
1760:Extrusion coating
1619:Staple (fastener)
1589:Security printing
1424:Hot-melt adhesive
997:Biodegradable bag
839:Glass milk bottle
721:Tamper resistance
661:Package pilferage
636:Contract packager
530:978-0-470-08704-6
418:978-1-84405-383-4
401:The food we waste
2237:
2193:
2192:
2179:Waste management
2169:Source reduction
1986:Industrial robot
1890:Vacuum packaging
1815:Package tracking
1770:Glass production
1730:Corona treatment
1720:Containerization
1584:Screw cap (wine)
1499:Oxygen scavenger
962:Aluminium bottle
914:Screw cap (wine)
859:Luxury packaging
691:Reuse of bottles
656:Package delivery
641:Edible packaging
626:Active packaging
603:
596:
589:
580:
579:
510:
509:
504:. Archived from
494:
488:
487:
485:
483:
474:. Archived from
464:
458:
457:
451:
447:
445:
437:
435:
433:
427:
406:
396:
390:
389:
382:"MRE Shelf Life"
378:
372:
371:
360:
354:
353:
326:
320:
319:
317:
316:
301:
295:
294:
284:
266:
242:
236:
235:
215:
45:medical products
2245:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2183:
2139:Paper recycling
2134:Packaging waste
2114:Glass recycling
2086:
2080:
2036:Pallet inverter
1956:Conveyor system
1911:Barcode printer
1899:
1875:Track and trace
1830:Plastic welding
1765:Flame treatment
1735:Curtain coating
1668:
1489:Nonwoven fabric
1474:Metallised film
1379:Container glass
1306:
1304:
1298:
1274:Tub (container)
1172:Padded envelope
943:
769:Case-ready meat
736:
730:
666:Package testing
618:
612:
607:
558:Wayback Machine
541:
518:
513:
498:"Seafood HACCP"
496:
495:
491:
481:
479:
466:
465:
461:
449:
448:
439:
438:
431:
429:
425:
419:
404:
398:
397:
393:
380:
379:
375:
362:
361:
357:
343:10.1002/pts.521
327:
323:
314:
312:
303:
302:
298:
243:
239:
232:
216:
212:
208:
196:
184:
164:
142:
104:
65:
60:
50:In contrast, a
25:
22:Warming stripes
12:
11:
5:
2243:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2200:
2199:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:Can collecting
2096:
2094:Biodegradation
2090:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Tape dispenser
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Barcode reader
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1885:Vacuum forming
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Graphic design
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:Blow fill seal
1692:
1687:
1685:Authentication
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Shock detector
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Pump dispenser
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1544:Plastic pallet
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1504:Package handle
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:Aluminium foil
1316:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1254:Stand-up pouch
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Plastic bottle
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1102:Folding carton
1099:
1094:
1089:
1087:Euro container
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:Disposable cup
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
977:Antistatic bag
974:
969:
964:
959:
953:
951:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
829:Fuel container
826:
824:Food packaging
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
749:Ammunition box
746:
740:
738:
732:
731:
729:
728:
723:
718:
716:Tamper-evident
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
622:
620:
614:
613:
606:
605:
598:
591:
583:
577:
576:
571:
566:
560:
548:
540:
539:External links
537:
536:
535:
532:
522:
517:
514:
512:
511:
508:on 2009-06-03.
489:
459:
450:|website=
417:
411:. April 2008.
391:
373:
355:
321:
296:
237:
230:
209:
207:
204:
203:
202:
195:
192:
183:
180:
163:
160:
141:
138:
137:
136:
125:
119:
118:as time passes
103:
100:
88:
87:
81:
75:
64:
61:
59:
56:
41:pharmaceutical
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2242:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2197:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:Shrink tunnel
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:Check weigher
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Bottling line
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Thermoforming
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:Roll slitting
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Laser cutting
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:Hermetic seal
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
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1564:Polypropylene
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651:Overpackaging
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102:By technology
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2085:Environment,
1700:Blow molding
1653:
1629:Stretch wrap
1559:Polyethylene
1549:Plastic wrap
1539:Plastic film
1524:Paper pallet
1459:Living hinge
1364:Coated paper
1244:Spray bottle
1224:Security bag
1217:Water sachet
1207:Salvage drum
1202:Retort pouch
1107:Glass bottle
1002:Blister pack
967:Aluminum can
934:Water bottle
834:Gas cylinder
809:Field ration
706:Shelf-stable
506:the original
501:
492:
480:. Retrieved
476:the original
471:
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430:. Retrieved
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313:. Retrieved
311:. 2021-07-15
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116:filter paper
105:
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26:
2220:Drug safety
2215:Food safety
1981:Heat sealer
1946:Case sealer
1820:Papermaking
1740:Die cutting
1705:Calendering
1609:Shrink wrap
1484:Molded pulp
1469:Meat diaper
1434:Kraft paper
1414:Foam peanut
1404:Double seam
1374:Coextrusion
1344:Bubble wrap
1324:Bail handle
1269:Thermal bag
1192:Plastic bag
1007:Boil-in-bag
939:Wine bottle
924:Spray paint
879:Popcorn bag
874:Oyster pail
759:Beer bottle
502:www.fda.gov
472:www.who.int
337:(1): 1–39,
146:frozen food
63:By timespan
2209:Categories
2061:Staple gun
2041:Palletizer
1931:Can seamer
1800:Lamination
1725:Converting
1614:Slip sheet
1529:Paperboard
1394:Cushioning
1354:Cellophane
1329:Bioplastic
1307:components
1294:Wooden box
1264:Tetra Brik
1187:Paper sack
1162:Multi-pack
1112:Gunny sack
982:Bag-in-box
949:Containers
814:Flour sack
799:Egg carton
774:Coffee bag
754:Banana box
696:Shelf life
482:15 January
315:2023-02-17
206:References
182:Regulation
172:food waste
150:cold chain
96:shelf life
2230:Packaging
2154:Recycling
1961:Drum pump
1904:Machinery
1755:Extrusion
1673:Processes
1644:Tear tape
1634:Susceptor
1624:Strapping
1579:Screw cap
1554:Polyester
1399:Desiccant
1303:Materials
1284:Unit load
1239:Skin pack
1182:Paper bag
1052:Clamshell
794:Drink can
726:Wrap rage
610:Packaging
452:ignored (
442:cite book
351:108566613
273:2304-8158
257:(1): 16.
168:consumers
92:tolerance
2087:post-use
1976:Heat gun
1926:Calender
1835:Printing
1664:Velostat
1659:Tinplate
1494:Overwrap
1419:Gel pack
1409:Flip-top
1314:Adhesive
1249:Squround
1152:Mesh bag
1137:Jerrycan
1082:Envelope
1022:Bulk box
899:Sand bag
864:Milk bag
849:Juicebox
764:Box wine
737:packages
554:Archived
423:Archived
409:BBC News
386:MRE Info
291:30621006
194:See also
162:Benefits
148:and the
1810:Molding
1715:Coating
1710:Canning
1369:Coating
1359:Closure
1117:Inhaler
972:Ampoule
844:Growler
735:Product
617:General
282:6352026
122:Microbe
2194:
2129:Litter
1971:Filler
1514:Pallet
1212:Sachet
1077:Endcap
1042:Carton
1037:Carboy
1012:Bottle
992:Barrel
619:topics
528:
432:17 May
415:
349:
289:
279:
271:
228:
112:Enzyme
43:, and
1519:Paper
1439:Label
1339:BoPET
1062:Crate
426:(PDF)
405:(PDF)
347:S2CID
251:Foods
1349:Bung
1289:Vial
1279:Tube
1177:Pail
1072:Drum
1047:Chub
1032:Case
1027:Cage
526:ISBN
484:2022
454:help
434:2023
413:ISBN
287:PMID
269:ISSN
226:ISBN
186:The
133:RFID
58:Type
37:food
1444:Lid
1305:and
1147:Keg
1142:Jug
1132:Jar
1017:Box
987:Bag
339:doi
277:PMC
259:doi
33:TTI
20:or
2211::
500:.
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446::
444:}}
440:{{
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27:A
602:e
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588:v
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261::
255:8
234:.
31:(
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.