738:. While Makaba died without children, however he had engaged a woman called Nkae and to keep the royal lineage growing, Molefe from the second wife was called in to father children for Nkae. Molefe then bore three sons in the house of Makaba, namely Bogatsu, Phiri and Semele. Traditionally, the children were not his but his elder brothers Makaba. Molefe became the regent chief because Taukobong died while they were still young. However, when they had matured, Phiri suggested to his brother Bogatsu that they should take over the chieftainship from Molefe, this created enmity between the two with Phiri constantly plotting to kill Molefe. He said that sensing danger, Bogatsu then instructed Molefe to choose two of his favourite wards and ran away. In his determination to kill Molefe, he said, Phiri pursued and attacked Molefe but it was Phiri who was defeated and killed. Molefe did not return to Itlholanoga but continued with the journey until they arrived in Botswana where they asked for land to settle on from Kgosi Sechele of the Bakwena.
416:"Since her flight from the Harrismith (Thaba Ntshu) district Mmanthatisi had managed to brush aside all opposition in the territories she traversed, but now in the stifling bushveld of Botswana, she was to come face to face with a foe whose fighting forces were as numerous as, and also better fed than, those of the Wild Cat People. The vanguard of Mmanthatisi's army strode into ambuscades; large groups of men topped headlong into concealed pitfalls and met their death beneath volleys of barbed javelins. A battle broke out, in the course of which hundreds of the invaders were massacred. Before the situation could develop into a rout Mmanthatisi suddenly disengaged her armies and retreated with her hordes to the east. Thus Makaba became the first "Sotho" chief to repulse the formidable BaTlokwa (Wild Cat) Army, and to this day he is spoken of as the 'Man of Conquest.'"
344:. This, therefore, made her the first queen to act as a regent in the Batlokwa nation. Kgosihadi Mamohlahlwe was greatly assisted by her late husband's siblings, namely Kganye son of Thekiso and Motonosi son of Makoro. These chiefs assisted very well in the chieftainship of Batlokwa until Queen Mamohlahlwe gave way to her son Lebaka who then became the paramount king of Batlokwa.
626:, to be returned in 1991, with the recognition of Paramount Chief Lebaka David Tsotetsi. After the death of Chief Lebaka, his son Nkgahle Bert Tsotetsi took over, and mysteriously became recognised as a Senior Traditional Leader instead of his initial status of a Paramount Chief, in what seemed to be a political cover-up of the senior house of the Batlôkwa nation.
398:"Meanwhile Mmanthatisi was approaching with forty thousand men, women and children. It was January 1823, the time of the year crops were ripening and food was usually plentiful. But the Wild Cat People were compelled to live frugally, for so great had been the chaos brought about by difaqane/difetlwane in general and the plundering of Mmanthatisi, Mpangazita and
458:, the founder of the Basotho kingdom. For twenty years the two rivals raided each other and competed for adherents from among the many refugee bands in the region. Moshoeshoe – much the better diplomatist – gradually outstripped Sekonyela in numbers of supporters. In November, 1853 Moshoeshoe attacked and defeated Batlôkwa ba Mokotleng which Sekonyela fled to
316:(ca. 1735) was the paramount king of Batlôkwa ba Mokgalong, which was a senior branch of Batlokwa. He took over the reins after his father, Kgosi Seboloka, son of Mokgalo, died and he also, like most of the earlier chiefs, died at an early age, however by then he had already bore 6 sons by his Kgosihadi 'Mamohlahlwe, namely
642:
of the Zulus. In return, the
British signed a treaty with Batlôkwa to reside in the area, however as it was custom for the senior house to rule, Lesesa was supposed to be the leader of Batlôkwa in the area, however, he made an agreement with Mota to let him rule, as they had already been there before
248:
Some scholars caution against this classification of ethnic groupings since
Africans are not homogeneous peoples. Paul Maylam stressed that there is a common tendency for the criteria used to label African groups "to overlap between 'different' societies so that it becomes virtually impossible to use
213:, preferential marriage of maternal cousins with the exception to Batlôkwa who prefer marrying their paternal cousins, and an architectural style characterized by a round hut with a conical thatch roof supported by wooden pillars on the outside. Other commonalities included a style skin cloaks called
621:
The above-mentioned branches of Batlôkwa still share similar cultural and linguistic elements in their respective areas. Batlokwa ba
Mokgalong also known as Batlokwa ba Tsotetsi trace their descendency to Modungwane who was popularly known as Molefe who is the father of all the branches of Batlôkwa.
402:
in particular that entire tribes had vanished from their settlements even before they had tilled their fields in preparation for planting. Indeed, the
Central Plateau swarmed with hunger-stricken stragglers and small, detached parties of bandits. Apart from roots, bulbs and berries, there was little
367:
province of South Africa, was reportedly a tall, attractive woman. She married
Mokotjo, the chief of the neighboring Batlôkwa, in a typical dynastic alliance, and is said to have borne him four sons. Mokotjo died while the heir, Sekonyela, was still too young to assume the chieftaincy, so Manthatisi
191:
It comprises the followers of Tlôkwa kings and the members of clans identified as Tlôkwa, or individuals who identify themselves as of Tlôkwa descent. Most of the Batlôkwa clans trace their royal lineages to Kgwadi son of King Tabane, who was the father and founder of the
Batlokwa nation. The Tlôkwa
754:
but mostly speak
Sesotho. Sesotho, Northern Sotho and Setswana are largely mutually intelligible. Like most Africans, the Batlôkwa are adapting to a rapidly urbanising population and culture. In rural areas, traditional culture remains an important force in daily life. Customary law still plays a
536:
region after the defeat of
Sekonyela by Moshoeshoe. The main Tlôkwa clan in the area is the Batlôkwa Ba Ga Machaka and Ramokgopa. The two had separated in a quarrel for chieftaincy, with Ramokgopa ultimately residing in the eastern regions called Mokomene, in Limpopo. Another grouping under Kgosi
232:
people is one of continual dissension and fission where disputes, sometimes over kingship ascendancy, resulted in a section of the clan breaking away from the main clan, under the leadership of a dissatisfied king's relative, and settling elsewhere. Often the name of the man who led the splinter
208:
peoples. These different groups are often classified for convenience as 'Sotho-Tswana'. This is because, from an early stage of their history, they shared a number of linguistic and cultural characteristics that distinguished them from other Bantu-speakers of southern Africa. Most prominent was
637:
in a place called
Maseseng, Mokgalong; which is named after Chief Lesesa who settled there in the late 1800s after the British requested assistance in the form of warriors from King Leteka of the Batlokwa ba Mokgalong. Leteka in response sent through his junior brother, Prince Lesesa, with his
733:
from which they obtained water. Mosima then begot a son called
Motlhabane - who begot Mokgwa - a savanna shrub under which Mmakgosi delivered. Mokgwa then begot Taukobong. The name was chosen because there were no blankets and they opted for animal skins to keep warm. According to Kgosintwa,
413:"Meanwhile, the old Chief had decided not to surrender to Mmanthatisi without a fight. He called up every available warrior, garrisoned every pass leading to his capital, and with the guile for which he was famous, prepared traps into which he planned to lead his aggressors.
480:
Kgosi Sekonyela's downfall is commonly attributed to his personal defects. His love of war alienated his neighbours while his rough treatment alienated his own people. On the other hand, Moshoeshoe's rise to power was attributed to his love of peace and to his benevolence.
446:. His mother sent him away from the Tlôkwa to protect him from political rivals. He rejoined the Tlôkwa in 1824, after his mother had led the Batlôkwa during the early Difaqane/difetlwane wars. Amidst the social and political chaos which gripped the present Free State and
524:
grouping of the Sotho–Tswana. They arrived in the area in the 1820s and are not part of the Batlôkwa who had been led by Kgosi Sekonyela, as they had seceded at an earlier period. There is also scattering of the Batlôkwa found all over the North West Province.
390:
Her reign of military conquest extended as far as central modern day Botswana. At the height of her military and political power her army was estimated to contain forty thousand fighters. However, she eventually suffered a series of defeats beginning in
419:
Because of Manthatisi's notoriety, all Sotho-Tswana raiders became known as “boo-Mmanthatisi”, or “Mantatee Horde” by the English. Known also as the “Destroyer of Nations”, she was only stopped from entering the Cape Colony by British Forces near
497:
We recognize the late king Lesala as the last paramount king to have led the Batlokoa Ba Mokgalong, who was subsequently assassinated by the British colony for his 9000 cattle and for negotiating for a settlement to share his land.
236:
The traditions of the Batswana people point to a northward origin, and indicate that their southward movement was part of the great migrations of the Bantu-speaking iron-age peoples. Usually, the theory asserts that the
716:
During this time in the wilderness, Mmakgosi was expecting a child and after drinking water from one of the dugout holes, she gave birth to a son who was named Marakadu. She said that Marakadu was named after the
647:(ca. 1867–1946) and King Moloi of the Makgolokwe Tribe, who went to England in order to deliver a petition to the British Government, in order to try to acquire land back that was taken away from them before the
450:
regions, Sekonyela continued to build the Tlôkwa into a major military power. When the worst phase of the wars ended in the early 1830s, he settled on the naturally fortified mountains near the Caledon River.
356:(ca. 1781–1836) was one of the best known, and most feared, women military and political leaders of the early 19th century. In the years of wars, migrations, and state-formation often referred to as the
755:
vital role, and their unique culture of marrying their paternal cousins. In each region's urban areas, which are cosmopolitan, multi-racial and multi-cultural, western cultural norms are predominant.
713:, which has been the totem since that time. Batlôkwa then started drinking from such holes and since then they decided that nobody should harm the ant bear and it must be protected at all costs.
595:
In the Sesotho language grouping, the Batlôkwa are mainly found in the Eastern Free State region which is their area of jurisdiction with seven distinct Batlôkwa branches in the area, namely
622:
Batlokwa ba Mokgalong are recognised by the Free State House of Traditional Leaders, and are still struggling to acquire back their land which was stolen by the colonialists under the then
746:
The Batlôkwa share similar customs and tradition as other Sotho-Tswana clans. Depending on the area that they live in the speak normally one three languages which are Setswana,
638:
warriors, who joined the Batlokwa ba Mota who had already settled in the Nqutu area with the Hlubi, and together they succeeded in winning the battle and subsequently capturing
363:
Kgosihadi Manthatisi, the daughter of Chief Mothaba of the Basia people who were a sibling nation of Batlôkwa, in what later became the Harrismith (Thaba Ntshu) district of the
734:
Taukobong had three sons from different wives named Makaba, Molefe, and Tshekiso. He said that this was the time when Batlôkwa were at Itlholanoga - the snake eye, near
709:(ant-bear). This totem was chosen after the Batlôkwa were in the wilderness and became thirsty and hungry. They found a catch of the daywater from the many holes dug by
387:, driving out other Sotho communities living there. Her troops seized the crops and cattle of the people they attacked, leaving a trail of destruction and devastation.
241:
separated from other Bantu-speaking peoples in the vicinity of the Great Lakes of East Africa, and that they proceeded downwards along the western part of present-day
257:
Following the death of Masilo there was a leadership crisis that resulted in the formation of the Hurutshe and Kwena clans. The Batlôkwa claim lineage from the
360:
or Difaqane, the Tlôkwa people were first known in English as the Mantatees, after Manthatisi's name, in the literature of exploration, missions and empire.
1026:
670:
In Lesotho the Batlôkwa are one of the three main Sotho-Tswana clans who speak Sesotho. Their current Leader being Kgosi Ntjaqetho Sekonyela of Tlokoeng
462:
for asylum. After this defeat the people under Sekonyela disintegrated, some fled to Lesotho where they were absorbed into Moshoeshoe's state, others to
340:. At the time of his death, his successor Mohlahlwe was still a minor, and Batlokwa made a consensus that Queen Mamohlahlwe becomes regent for his son
532:. Here the Batlôkwa are part of the North-Sotho language grouping. They arrived in the region after separating from the Batlôkwa who had fled to the
337:
984:
192:
considers the Tlokwe-cat as their original totem which has since become extinct due to over-hunting for its fur, which was used by clan chiefs.
643:
him and his people. Lesesa also played a pivotal role in the struggle to acquire land back from the colonialists, and in 1905 he was joined by
489:
The Batlôkwa clans reside in Botswana, Lesotho and South Africa; it is not known how many Batlôkwa there are since no census has been done.
281:
285:
277:
317:
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325:
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From Eve to Dawn, A History of Women in the World, Volume III: Infernos and Paradises, The Triumph of Capitalism in the 19th Century
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265:
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people who were fleeing their homes in neighboring Natal. Made refugees themselves, Manthatisi who was then a Regent for her son
1019:
1157:
842:
809:
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from the Tshwane area in South Africa following the split with another Tlôkwa clan that went to settle in Batlôkwa north of
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1172:
502:
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1012:
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and that is how they became dithakadu as they are known today. Marakadu then begot a son called Mosima, a hole dug by
961:
927:
994:
427:
After Mmanthatisi's son Sekonyela reached maturity he took control of the baTlôkwa social structures and military.
623:
17:
516:. Batlôkwa are also found at Molatedi Village (Kgosi Matlapeng), Letlhakeng-Montsana Village (Kgosi Sedumedi),
985:
http://newhistory.co.za/Part-2-Chapter-4-The-aftermath-of-the-Mfecane-Manthatisi-and-Sekonyela-of-the-Tlokwa/
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410:, made a firm decision not to surrender to Mmanthatisi without a struggle. Becker, described this in detail:
989:
75:
802:
Understanding Cry, the Beloved Country: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents
1051:
1035:
634:
403:
food to be found in the veld, certainly not enough to feed so large a horde as that of Mmanthatisi."
392:
1000:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110629132012/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=81347
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Sekonyela later obtained land in the Herschel district of the Eastern Cape where he died in 1856.
1167:
644:
395:
in January 1823. Peter Becker describes the developments during this period when he stated that:
541:
in 1977 also as a result of chieftaincy quarrels with Batlôkwa ba Mphakane under Kgosi Machaka.
655:
501:
In South Africa, the Batlôkwa are found in significant numbers in six of the provinces, namely
264:
Tabane fathered a son Matlaisane from his senior wife and five sons by his junior wife, Diale,
834:
249:
all the major criteria at the same time to define nearly differing, self-contained entities."
364:
826:
705:
The Batlôkwa in Botswana are unique from the other Tlôkwa clans in that their totem is the
238:
119:
261:
clan and traced their early ancestry to Mokgatla, the founder of the BaKgatla and Tabane.
8:
1061:
671:
957:
923:
863:
838:
827:
805:
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111:
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after they acknowledged the overlordship of the Bakwena. The capital of Botswana,
221:' peoples, and a tradition of building in stone in less grassy or wooded regions.
1091:
995:
http://www.togoto.co.za/index.asp?PID=2&fu=ReadArticle&gid=15&Issue=5
885:"A comparative study of strategy in Bantu tribal warfare during the 19th century"
721:- the saviour, adding that since then Batlôkwa agreed to change their totem from
648:
588:
Justice Bess Motsatsi-Nkabinde (retired Judge of the Constitutional Court of RSA)
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521:
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297:
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639:
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1116:
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In the Limpopo province, they are found in a place called boTlôkwa, north of
513:
384:
205:
107:
99:
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1046:
538:
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376:
218:
185:
91:
71:
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http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=2&dir=2008/May/Wednesday14
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http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=2&dir=2006/March/Sunday26
443:
407:
353:
115:
103:
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In the North West the Batlôkwa settled in the region called Tlôkwe near
1101:
1056:
735:
439:
424:. Eventually Manthatisi settled her people on the Marabeng Mountains.
406:
Nonetheless, the most prosperous of the Botswana chiefs, Makaba of the
375:'s death the Batlôkwa ba Mokotleng faced military encroachments by the
301:
695:
691:
529:
296:, the son of Motonosi, fathered Mokotjo. Chief Mokotjo the father to
682:
Batlôkwa arrived in Botswana in 1887, settling in Moshwaneng on the
699:
517:
399:
242:
229:
210:
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Kgosi Sekonyela's major rival for control of northern Lesotho was
533:
506:
471:
467:
459:
447:
357:
333:
225:
181:
347:
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217:, dense and close village settlements larger than those of '
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people, which is one of sub-divisions of the Bantu-speaking
829:
Popular Politics in the History of South Africa, 1400–1948
1131:
922:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 210.
209:
mutually intelligible dialects. Other features included
180:) refers to several Kgatla communities that reside in
758:
956:. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 84.
804:. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 82.
509:
and the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape.
200:
The Batlôkwa kingdom is part of the larger group of
466:with a substation portion fleeing north to present
917:
833:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
570:Matome Zakea Seima, a writer, publisher and lawyer
292:respectively. Ten generations later, from Kgwadi,
954:Botswana's Search for Autonomy in Southern Africa
662:area under Chief Kakudi and Lehana respectively.
1149:
694:. The land they settled in was given to them by
654:In the Eastern Cape, Batlôkwa are found in the
544:These areas produced important people such as:
1034:
1020:
276:, and Mosia. Each broke away to form Bapedi,
918:Lipschutz, Mark; Rasmussen, R. Kent (1989).
348:Kgosihadi Manthatisi, wife of Kgosi Mokotjo
1027:
1013:
920:Dictionary of African Historical Biography
889:The South African Military History Society
233:group was taken as the new tribe's name.
799:
520:(Kgosi Motsatsi). They are part of the
307:
14:
1150:
882:
857:
824:
1008:
537:Manthata was moved to Mohodi next to
300:died at an early age, so his mother,
951:
763:Ke mafifitswana a go rekwa ka kgomo
24:
781:Ba ga Nkwenyana-a-Nkwe o apereng?
759:Leboko la Batlokwa (Batlokwa Poem)
430:
304:, was regent during his minority.
25:
1184:
973:
702:, is named after Kgosi Gaborone.
195:
942:Lipschutz & Rasmussen, Ibid.
599:Batlôkwa ba Mokgalong (Tsotetsi)
492:
368:acted as regent for Sekonyela.
945:
936:
911:
902:
876:
862:. New York: CUNY. p. 32.
851:
818:
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383:commanded the Tlôkwa into the
13:
1:
1158:Bantu peoples of South Africa
800:Chiwengo, Ngwarsungu (2007).
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633:, Batlôkwa are found in the
484:
76:African traditional religion
7:
677:
10:
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1173:Monarchies of South Africa
778:Moapeelwana a sale a lela
775:Ba ga mosi mmolaya moapei
772:Ba ga Mmanakana-di-ganong
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252:
1163:Ethnic groups in Botswana
1052:Barokologadi Ba Ga Maotwa
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1036:Ethnic groups in Botswana
769:Ba ga Mmanakana-a-Mosima
611:Batlôkwa ba Nasatse Patso
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38:
858:French, Marilyn (2009).
766:Mafeta kgomo a je motho
624:Black Administration Act
645:Josiah Tshangana Gumede
952:Dale, Richard (1995).
883:Becker, Peter (1968).
608:Batlôkwa ba Makalakeng
567:Kgosiyentsho Ramokgopa
438:was born in 1804 near
27:Southern African tribe
825:Landau, Paul (2010).
692:Polokwane-Pietersburg
686:, after being led by
82:Related ethnic groups
605:Batlôkwa ba Morakadu
582:, Lehotlo Moshokoa,
308:Kgosi-kgolo Tsotetsi
120:Sotho-Tswana peoples
672:Mokhotlong District
224:The history of the
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784:Nkwe ke apere tau
635:Nqutu Municipality
617:Batlôkwa ba Masene
614:Batlôkwa ba Lehana
591:Maropene Ramokgopa
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844:978-0-521-19603-1
811:978-0-313-33508-2
580:Mamphela Ramphele
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856:
852:
845:
823:
819:
812:
798:
794:
790:
761:
744:
680:
668:
584:Caiphus Semenya
495:
487:
436:Kgosi Sekonyela
433:
431:Kgosi Sekonyela
350:
310:
255:
198:
41:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1186:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1168:Northern Sotho
1165:
1160:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
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791:
789:
786:
760:
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752:Northern Sotho
743:
740:
688:Kgosi Gaborone
679:
676:
667:
664:
660:Mount Fletcher
649:Anglo-Boer War
640:King Cetshwayo
619:
618:
615:
612:
609:
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603:
600:
593:
592:
589:
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486:
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429:
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108:Pulana people
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100:Pulana people
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88:Lobedu people
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34:Tlôkwa people
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1062:Gana and Gwi
1047:Baka-Nswazwi
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908:Becker, Ibid
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892:. Retrieved
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488:
479:
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464:Eastern Cape
453:
442:next to the
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389:
370:
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312:Kgosi-kgolo
311:
272:(Motlôkwa),
263:
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239:Sotho-Tswana
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190:
186:South Africa
177:
173:
169:
167:
118:, and other
92:Sotho people
72:Christianity
30:Ethnic group
18:Tlôkwa tribe
505:, Gauteng,
444:Wilge River
408:Bangwaketsi
116:Pedi people
104:Lozi people
1152:Categories
1057:Batalaunda
788:References
736:Rustenburg
503:North West
470:region in
456:Moshoeshoe
440:Harrismith
365:Free State
354:Manthatisi
352:Kgosihadi
320:(Lebaka),
302:Manthatisi
286:Maphuthing
278:Makgolokwe
530:Polokwane
485:Geography
381:Sekonyela
318:Mohlahlwe
298:Sekonyela
274:Matsibolo
215:mekgatlha
168:The term
56:Languages
1092:Mbanderu
1087:Mangwato
700:Gaborone
678:Botswana
656:Herschel
400:Matiwane
377:amaHlubi
326:Selemane
314:Tsotetsi
294:Montwedi
282:Batlôkwa
259:Hurutshe
243:Zimbabwe
230:Batswana
211:totemism
202:Bakgatla
174:Batlokoa
170:Batlôkwa
162:Botlôkwa
154:Setlôkwa
151:Language
146:Batlôkwa
138:Motlôkwa
66:Religion
61:Setlôkwa
40:Batlôkwa
1117:Talaote
1072:Kalanga
748:Sesotho
742:Culture
731:thakadu
727:thakadu
719:thakadu
711:thakadu
707:thakadu
666:Lesotho
534:Tshwane
507:Limpopo
472:Gauteng
468:Tshwane
460:Winburg
448:Lesotho
373:Mokotjo
358:Mfecane
334:Sethati
322:Tsibela
253:History
226:Basotho
182:Lesotho
178:Badogwa
159:Country
51:670,000
1127:Tswana
1122:Tlôkwa
1112:Subiya
1067:Herero
960:
926:
894:May 8,
866:
841:
808:
371:After
342:Lebaka
330:Leloka
270:Kgwadi
266:Kgetsi
206:Tswana
172:(also
143:People
135:Person
130:Tlôkwa
1107:Sotho
1077:ǃKung
290:Basia
219:Nguni
176:, or
1137:Yeyi
1097:Nama
1082:Lozi
958:ISBN
924:ISBN
896:2018
864:ISBN
839:ISBN
806:ISBN
723:nkwe
658:and
338:Thai
336:and
288:and
228:and
184:and
1132:Twa
1102:San
750:or
725:to
629:In
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20:)
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