1071:
939:
had winds exceeding 200 mph (89 m/s; 320 km/h). In the United States, tornadoes have been known to form at high and low intensities. The probability of a high intensity or violent tornado differs by location across the country. For example, due to the high frequency of tornadoes in the "Tornado Alley" area mentioned before, a more violent tornado would be more likely to form there due to the strength of the thunderstorms produced by the two bordering air masses. The states with the highest number of F5 and EF5 rated tornadoes since data was available in 1950 are
Alabama and Oklahoma, each with seven tornadoes. Iowa, Kansas, and Texas each are tied for second-most with six. The state with the highest number of F5 and EF5 tornadoes per square mile, however, was
994:(or DOW), which scans storms while attached to a car. Doppler on Wheels data from the nearby storm revealed winds of 301 ± 20 miles per hour (484 ± 32 km/h), which was over the wind speed in the F5 classification of that time. Though the wind speed was over the F5 maximum, the tornado was not named the first ever F6 storm, as there was no F6 classification. Other scientists reviewed the DOW data taken by the students, and concluded that the estimated wind speed may have been inaccurate, but still over 300 miles per hour (130 m/s). Also, the wind speed recorded was taken from over 200 feet (61 m) above ground level. The National Weather Service also did a damage check, and found that the damage was that of an average F5 tornado.
68:
297:
1062:. When the town was hit, eighty-four homes and fourteen businesses were destroyed by the tornado, but with no fatalities and only minor injuries. After the tornado hit Andover, it swept through a mobile home park consisting of 223 trailers. The park did have a tornado shelter, to which over 200 residents fled and survived without injuries. Others that did not take shelter in the tornado shelter stayed in their mobile homes, and thirteen of them were killed by the tornado.
923:
1123:
400:
833:
26:
76:
1058:. It is a widespread myth that tornadoes are "attracted" to mobile home parks, and cause the most fatalities there because they hit there the most. This is not true. However, mobile homes do often have poor construction and do not provide adequate protection during a tornado event. An example to confirm this occurred in April 1991, when a very powerful tornado struck the town of
595:
1011:, most tornado deaths are caused by people not following instructions on what to do the right way. They also mention that some people are not even warned that a tornadic storm is coming, while others get a warning but do not believe that a tornado will hit their area. In 2012, 68 people were killed by tornadoes in the United States.
962:
The United States has seen 59 F5 and EF5 (the highest intensity and damage ranking) tornadoes since records began in 1950. No tornadoes prior to 1950 were officially ranked F5, due to inadequate engineering data and other information on the historical tornadoes. From 1950–1970 tornadoes were assessed
694:
is one of the most tornado prone states, with only Texas, Kansas and
Oklahoma reporting more storms. During the period 1950 to 2006, Florida reported 2,884 tornadoes according to NCDC figures. However, Florida tornadoes are usually weak in comparison with those that strike the Plains and the Southern
279:
in the Gulf Coast states and
Southeastern states. Because these areas are prone to hurricanes, they may be struck with tornadoes that are spawned from hurricanes. Tornadoes are most likely to form in the right-front quadrant of the hurricane, but can also form in rain bands associated with the storm.
938:
classifies a tornado by its damage and then uses that classification to estimate the tornado's wind speed. For example, if it causes very little damage, then it is classified as an EF0 tornado and likely had very low winds. If damage from the tornado is severe enough, then it may be rated and likely
787:
reported 75. New Mexico borders the notoriously tornado prone states of Texas and
Oklahoma, hence the noticeably higher figures. Most of the tornadoes here happen in the very eastern part of the state. New Mexico's region and the desert landscape of the state help prevent the amount of twisters that
747:
reports by far the greatest numbers of tornadoes. Eastern
Colorado, both climatically and physically, has much more in common with the neighboring Plains states of Kansas and Nebraska than with the mountainous areas further west. Small cities such as Limon, Kit Carson, Thurman, and Flagler are some
267:
area, causing a tornado activity peak in these areas during the summer months. During the late summer and early fall months, tornado activity in the United States tapers off. This is due to the relatively small difference between the temperature at the boundary of the hot air mass and the cool air
159:
Although favorable conditions for tornadoes in the United States can occur at any time, they are most common in spring and least common in winter. Because spring is a transitional period for the climate, there are more chances of cooler air meeting with warmer air, resulting in more thunderstorms.
494:
of April 1974. According to NCDC figures for the 1950 to 2006 period, Nebraska reported 2,440 tornadoes followed by Iowa (2,185), Illinois (2,086), Missouri (1,922), South Dakota (1,487), Minnesota (1,477), Indiana (1,327), North Dakota (1,216), Wisconsin (1,185), Michigan (981), and Ohio (916).
1109:
Until recently there was little hope of forecasting these systems. Meteorologists could identify those conditions that were likely to produce severe weather and generate a watch. If a tornado was spotted a warning was issued. More recently
Doppler radar allows investigators to see a circulation
706:
Florida's most violent tornadoes generally occur during the winter months, when the state is most vulnerable to invasions of cold air that help generate such storms. In recent years there have been some particularly disastrous tornado events. During the night of
February 22 and 23, 1998, an F3
958:
only account for an average of two percent of all tornadoes in the United States each year. However, these high-intensity storms do account for an average of seventy percent of all tornado-related deaths in the United States each year. These storms can have winds of over 200 miles per hour
392:. The Midwestern states are often hit by tornadoes during the late spring and early summer months, especially the months of May and June. This is due to the aforementioned air mass moving northward into the Midwest and combining with another air mass that move southward from
569:
are most at risk from these storms. The
Atlantic seaboard states can be affected too. According to NCDC figures for the 1950 to 2006 period, Mississippi reported 1,787 tornadoes, followed by Louisiana (1,644), Alabama (1,608), Arkansas (1,579), Georgia (1,324),
1096:
An EF5 tornado has estimated wind speeds of greater than 200 mph (89 m/s; 320 km/h) and can destroy reinforced concrete structures and well-built homes, reducing them to piles of rubble or sweeping them entirely off their foundations or slabs.
1100:
When a tornado cannot be rated because there is no evidence that it caused structural or other relevant damage (which often occurs when a tornado touches down in unpopulated rural areas), it is classified as an EFU - U meaning "unknown" - tornado.
174:") is March through June, tornadoes – including violent tornadoes and major tornado outbreaks – have been documented in the United States during every month and day of the year. Two examples of this are when a series of tornadoes hit the state of
511:. The state of Alabama is tied for the most reported F5 tornadoes. For the period 1950 to 2006, three hundred and fifty eight people were killed by tornadoes in Alabama, ranking the state third nationwide behind Texas (521) and neighboring
396:. This creates unstable air, creating the potential for storms to strike the most during these months. The frequency begins to decrease in the middle of the summer, as the air mass moves northward into the Great Lakes states.
256:. As spring comes, hot air progressively moves back into the Gulf Coast. This pushes the mass of colder air forward out of the Gulf States and into the Southeastern states, where tornado frequency is highest in April.
167:, which usually occur in late summer and autumn. In the United States, thunderstorms capable of producing tornadoes usually form when the temperature is at its highest, typically from 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.
127:
is a colloquial term for an area particularly prone to tornadoes. There is no officially defined 'Tornado Alley' – at its broadest this area stretches from northern Texas to Canada with its core centered on
963:
retrogressively, primarily using information recorded in government databases, and newspaper photographs and descriptions. Beginning in 1971, tornadoes were rated by the NWS using on-site damage surveys.
752:. Tornadoes are less frequent in mountainous areas. Of the states in this region – according to NCDC figures for the 1950 to 2006 period – Colorado reported 1,617 tornadoes, followed by Wyoming with 560,
248:
Usually, tornadoes hit specific areas of the United States in specific seasons. During the winter months, tornadoes are usually spotted in the
Southern area of the country, as well as states near the
344:; though many are not tornadoes rated in the highest categories of intensity, they are strong enough to cause death or severe property damage. A number of Florida's tornadoes occur along the edge of
2582:
2564:
197:
on
February 5 and February 6, 2008. 87 tornadoes occurred over the course of the outbreak. The storm system produced several destructive tornadoes in heavily populated areas, most notably in the
2572:
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and Midwestern states. During the months of May and June, tornado activity is as its peak in the southern Great Plains. The air mass then moves northward into the Northern Great Plains and the
432:
were observed as the very large wedge approached the town of Greensburg, Kansas. It was an estimated 1.7 miles (2.7 km) in diameter and was later confirmed to have been an EF5 on the
2592:
2554:
2539:
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and the southern United States are all areas that are vulnerable to tornadoes. They are relatively rare west of the Rockies and are also less frequent in the northeastern states.
644:– and areas to the west of the Appalachians are more vulnerable to tornadoes. NCDC figures for the period 1950 to 2006 show that Pennsylvania reported 697 tornadoes, followed by
1110:
develop in the storm. Because of their size and intensity, there are few storm observations. Increasing information has been gathered in the field from those chasing the storm.
284:
to the right of the storm. Tornadoes are also spawned from U.S. hurricanes due to the moistness of the air at the landfall of the storm, which makes conditions favorable for a
3257:
695:
states – there have been only four reports of F4 strength tornadoes since 1950 and none of F5 strength. Florida experiences more thunderstorms than any other state but fewer
507:
has suffered more tornado fatalities than any other part of the country. Some areas experience repeated damaging tornado events, such as the Tennessee Valley and in northern
3262:
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436:(the highest possible rating). Based on the damage produced, winds inside the tornado were estimated to have been in excess of 205 mph (92 m/s; 330 km/h).
320:) at least once since 1950, although some regions and states are hit by tornadoes far more than others. For example, the average number of tornadoes to hit the states of
1093:
An EF0 tornado has estimated wind speeds from 65–85 mph (29–38 m/s; 105–137 km/h) which usually results in minor structural damage and broken tree limbs.
2470:
554:
was the deadliest tornado outbreak in the US in 23 years. 58 people lost their lives with Tennessee, Arkansas, and Kentucky particularly badly affected. The
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1920:
1651:
Anderson, Christopher J.; Wikle, Christopher K.; Zhou, Qin; Royle, J. Andrew (April 28, 2005). "Population Influences on Tornado Reports in the United States".
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209:. At least 57 people were killed across four states and 18 counties, with hundreds of others injured. The outbreak was the deadliest of the modern
360:. States such as Oklahoma and Kansas have lower population densities, so tornadoes in those states, while severe, may cause somewhat less property damage.
2165:
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1090:
classifies tornado strength from weakest - an EF0 tornado - to strongest - an EF5 tornado - based on damage caused to property and infrastructure.
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3159:
2174:
1253:
357:
3104:
703:
and other tropical storms can generate large numbers of tornadoes. Non-supercell tornadoes are rarely as strong as supercell-generated storms.
2436:
418:. The tornado apparently strengthened as it neared Northwood, and at 9:38 pm CDT (0238 UTC), storm chasers reported that it had grown to over
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901:
622:
873:
685:
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sitting over parts of the United States. Though there may be some thunderstorms, they don't often become severe enough to spawn tornadoes.
218:
182:. Even though the tornado was during a winter month, it blew 20 railroad cars off their tracks, and hauled a camper over 100 yards (91 m).
2945:
2266:
2008:
1979:
1843:
1819:
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1590:
1560:
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1008:
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880:
43:
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is one of the most tornado-prone states. However, Florida tornadoes only rarely approach the strength of those that occur elsewhere.
2004:
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613:
is much less vulnerable to violent tornadoes but is by no means immune. One of the most extraordinary tornadoes in history struck
178:
on November 22, 1992, and injured at least nine people. Another notable non-season tornado was where a tornado struck the area of
100:
receives more than 1,200 tornadoes annually—four times the amount seen in Europe. Violent tornadoes—those rated EF4 or EF5 on the
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843:
887:
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35:
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places in Eastern Colorado that have experienced dangerous tornadoes. The same can be said, to a lesser extent, of eastern
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531:
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of May 1840 – second deadliest on record in the US, behind only the Tri-State Tornado. Other outbreaks included the
3218:
3124:
3013:
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2507:
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storms. Florida tornadoes are more often spawned by the frequent ordinary thunderstorms that occur over the state.
3357:
2693:
2183:
1766:
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In the United States over 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries are associated with tornadoes each year. According to the
816:
535:
2200:
2169:
3337:
3154:
2577:
2534:
2397:
2374:
1424:
967:
858:
728:
630:
483:
84:
982:. In total, the storm produced 66 tornadoes over four states. The strong F5 storm took place near the town of
586:, by contrast, is one of the least vulnerable states of all with just 120 tornadoes reported over the period.
486:
tornado of June 1953 also rank amongst the deadliest tornadoes in US history. The region was badly hit by the
3295:
3094:
3068:
2878:
2170:"T. Theodore Fujita: His Contribution to Tornado Knowledge through Damage Documentation and the Fujita Scale"
1924:
1709:
894:
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the most, but have hit other areas as well. One notable recent example of a winter tornado outbreak was the
3315:
3290:
3109:
2634:
2549:
2444:
2327:
1176:
1171:
252:. This is due to cold air moving southward reaching its southern limit of expansion, and stopping over the
217:
killed over 348 people (324 of which were tornado-related). It was the deadliest single outbreak since the
966:
On May 3, 1999, a storm produced a violent tornado in the vicinity of Oklahoma City and was a part of the
788:
happen in Oklahoma and Texas. Arizona and New Mexico experience regular summer thunderstorms during their
3210:
2909:
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206:
854:
47:
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3305:
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768:
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353:
190:
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is hit with an average of 126 tornadoes per year. The state with the most tornadoes per unit area is
276:
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3285:
3048:
3043:
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2788:
2748:
2433:
1586:
614:
539:
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has had 88 violent tornado reports from the 1950–2006 period, more than any state except Oklahoma.
1737:
474:, Illinois have been hit more than once by violent tornadoes, the most notorious of which was the
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2838:
2833:
2813:
2618:
2366:
179:
1348:
3325:
3023:
3018:
2940:
2763:
2678:
1660:
987:
983:
618:
547:
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Tornadoes have been documented in every U.S. state (not including the non-state territories of
186:
161:
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that strike the state. The state with the highest number of strong tornadoes per unit area is
2798:
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1087:
955:
935:
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A very notable recent storm that has hit this area was the Northwood, Kansas tornado, in the
101:
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is perhaps the least vulnerable region. NCDC figures for the 1950 to 2006 period show that
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struck the city on 9 June 1953 and killed 90 people. The tornado was generated by the
479:
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8:
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986:, located in Grady County. During the storm, a group of students in meteorology from the
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242:
214:
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2012:
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1219:
943:. The state with the most number of tornadoes classified as "violent", or F4 and F5, is
259:
As spring passes and summer begins, the mass of warm moist air moves northwest into the
3179:
3174:
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3008:
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2868:
2773:
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Over 39 percent of all tornado-related deaths and many injuries come from residents of
800:
202:
120:
80:
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991:
796:
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1868:
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2903:
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2738:
2703:
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1815:
1672:
1664:
808:
164:
144:– is the southern United States and particularly the northern and central parts of
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1983:
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on 5 April 1972. This storm was the deadliest to hit the United States that year.
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3134:
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2863:
2818:
2718:
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1079:
1059:
740:
626:
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reported 3,900 almost as many as Texas. The deadliest tornado in US history, the
108:
1555:
2603:
934:
Tornadoes' damage varies based on their wind speeds and where they strike. The
927:
645:
575:
571:
471:
408:
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The Midwestern states are very prone to tornado activity, as they are part of "
313:
309:
249:
171:
1374:
3388:
2413:
2389:
2335:
954:
Tornadoes that are classified as EF4 and EF5 (or "violent tornadoes") on the
684:(1). The worst tornado outbreak in the Northeast occurred in Pennsylvania on
661:
649:
583:
369:
124:
97:
96:
are more common in the United States than in any other country or state. The
947:, and the state with the highest average intensity ranking for tornadoes is
3189:
1214:
792:
season. These are sometimes tornadic but rarely produce violent tornadoes.
677:
637:
372:." Some states in the area that may be hit by tornadoes frequently include
269:
260:
226:
185:
During the winter months of the year, tornadoes have been known to hit the
112:
3240:
922:
1055:
665:
512:
317:
264:
149:
141:
3155:
Weather records for Michigan, North Carolina, Connecticut, and Minnesota
1976:"The Central Florida Tornado Outbreak of February 22nd & 23rd, 1998"
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3194:
776:
772:
711:
and killed 25 people. Later that night, another F3 tornado struck
653:
599:
321:
281:
275:
Tornadoes may be formed out of season, especially during the months of
253:
1677:
775:
reported 485 tornadoes during the 1950 to 2006 period (NCDC figures),
1668:
1565:
1040:
979:
708:
700:
696:
562:
520:
467:
345:
285:
234:
1292:
832:
3199:
1028:
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641:
579:
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455:
439:
399:
381:
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349:
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129:
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Hurricanes and other tropical storms can also generate tornadoes.
104:—occur more often in the United States than in any other country.
1044:
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1016:
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780:
753:
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1869:"F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States - 1950-present (SPC)"
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1048:
971:
804:
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393:
377:
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receives an average of 52 tornadoes per year, and the state of
329:
325:
210:
133:
1626:"Oklahoma Tornado Offers Hints Of How a Killer Storm Is Born"
757:
657:
337:
137:
140:. Another highly significant region – colloquially known as
2201:
10.1175/1520-0477(2001)000<0063:TTFHCT>2.3.CO;2
1894:
1032:
940:
761:
447:
389:
305:
222:
75:
970:, which also brought many violent storms to the states of
803:
reported just 96 tornadoes for the entire period and that
688:, and produced the only F5 tornado in the region to date.
959:(320 km/h) and stay on the ground for over an hour.
594:
526:
Tornado disasters to affect the southern USA include the
2428:
1297:
1295:
558:
devastated much of the South, leaving 348 people dead.
442:
is fifth overall for sheer numbers of tornadoes, while
3242:
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
1650:
1167:
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
1015:
had the most fatalities, 22. Kentucky was followed by
107:
Most tornadoes in the United States occur east of the
233:, Canada. It was also the deadliest outbreak in both
170:
Although the period in which most tornadoes strike ("
1349:"Severe weather, tornadoes kill dozens across South"
2424:
U.S. Severe Weather and Meteorology and Climatology
300:
Average annual tornado reports in the United States
2485:
2245:Statistics on the ten deadliest tornados in the US
2359:Tornado Alley: Monster Storms of the Great Plains
1734:"Survivors sought as more storms threaten Plains"
3386:
2633:
2451:National Wind Institute at Texas Tech University
2429:Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology
2175:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1921:"Pennsylvania Tornado Outbreak of May 31, 1985"
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1254:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
280:This is caused by the large amount of vertical
2257:
2255:
2253:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
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723:). On February 2, 2007, an EF3 tornado struck
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1409:
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859:introducing citations to additional sources
3085:Cities by sunshine duration § North America
2267:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
2250:
2009:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
1980:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
1844:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
1820:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
1791:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
1690:
1688:
1591:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
1561:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
1531:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
1490:
1452:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
1009:National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
565:and the coastal regions of Mississippi and
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2419:United States Year to date tornado reports
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268:mass at that time and an extension of the
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2332:Restless Skies: The Ultimate Weather Book
2199:
1879:
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1543:
1484:
1471:
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1250:"Tornadoes: Nature's Most Violent Storms"
609:The Northeastern U.S. to the east of the
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2215:
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1685:
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921:
849:Relevant discussion may be found on the
719:Counties and killed 13 people (see
593:
428:mile (0.8 km) in diameter. Several
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295:
74:
71:Tornadoes in the United States 1950-2019
66:
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2311:
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1962:
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288:storm to develop within the hurricane.
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1113:
1078:of the highest category, EF5, ravaged
229:, as well claiming 12 victims in
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2607:
2459:
2383:
2208:
2071:
2058:
1757:
1710:"Barton and Ellsworth County Tornado"
1695:
1335:
1233:
734:
589:
332:is less than one, while the state of
2005:"The Groundhog Day Tornado Outbreak"
1918:
1368:
1362:
1117:
926:A powerful tornado hits the town of
826:
291:
48:move details into the article's body
19:
2263:"2012 Tornado Fatality Information"
2032:
2011:. February 17, 2008. Archived from
1891:"Worcester Tornado: 50 Years Later"
1701:
727:with 21 fatalities resulting – see
552:2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak
532:Tupelo-Gainesville tornado outbreak
195:2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak
13:
1736:. CNN. May 7, 2007. Archived from
1341:
1218:. pp. 296–298. Archived from
205:, and the northeastern end of the
14:
3411:
2407:
1888:
1816:"The 25 Deadliest U.S. Tornadoes"
1624:Stevens, William (May 11, 1999).
1556:"Where tornadoes strike the most"
160:Tornadoes can also be spawned by
1121:
870:"Tornadoes in the United States"
842:relies largely or entirely on a
831:
546:were very badly affected by the
24:
2320:
2238:
2184:American Meteorological Society
2145:
2132:
2119:
2090:
2077:
2064:
2051:
2026:
1997:
1968:
1955:
1942:
1912:
1832:
1779:
1767:American Meteorological Society
1751:
1726:
1644:
1617:
1604:
1579:
1477:
1464:
536:1908 Southeast tornado outbreak
3395:Tornadoes in the United States
3095:Derecho events § North America
2487:Disasters in the United States
1840:"Tornado Fatality Information"
1758:Henry, Alfred (June 3, 1925).
1425:Britannica Online Encyclopedia
1308:
1279:
1266:
1188:
1104:
968:1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak
729:2007 Central Florida Tornadoes
636:Areas further south – notably
407:unit observing a tornado near
358:most tornadoes per square mile
85:1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak
1:
2386:The Handy Weather Answer Book
2357:Bluestein, Howard B. (2006).
1925:Pennsylvania State University
213:doppler radar era, until the
3400:Climate of the United States
2635:Climate of the United States
2445:National Geographic Magazine
1373:. TVNZ.co.nz. Archived from
1177:Climate of the United States
1172:List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
822:
488:Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak
7:
1351:. CNN.com. February 6, 2008
1208:Perkins, Sid (2002-05-11).
1155:
470:, Missouri and neighboring
207:Nashville metropolitan area
10:
3416:
3160:Weather-related fatalities
3120:Hailstorms § North America
1893:. The Boston Channel.com (
1787:"St. Louis City Tornadoes"
1587:"U.S. Tornado Climatology"
1371:"Tornado toll rises to 57"
1065:
997:
990:had chased the storm on a
769:Southwestern United States
721:Kissimmee Tornado Outbreak
578:(819), Kentucky (710) and
574:(1,042), Tennessee (892),
363:
191:Southeastern United States
3366:
3271:
3248:
3077:
2954:
2916:
2902:
2641:
2563:
2493:
2384:Lyons, Walter A. (1997).
2039:Colorado State University
1369:TVNZ (February 8, 2008).
739:Of the states around the
490:in April 1965 and by the
416:May 2007 Tornado Outbreak
221:, which killed 76 across
199:Memphis metropolitan area
3145:Snowiest places by state
2936:Northern Mariana Islands
2414:NOAA severe weather page
1760:"Monthly Weather Review"
1714:National Weather Service
1527:"Tornado Ranks by State"
1182:
1074:On May 20, 2013, a
633:that killed 116 people.
615:Worcester, Massachusetts
540:Candlestick Park Tornado
498:
3100:Extremely critical days
2367:Oxford University Press
1653:Weather and Forecasting
1003:Injuries and fatalities
648:(358), Maryland (269),
180:McLean County, Illinois
83:. This was part of the
79:A tornado strikes near
3039:Minneapolis–Saint Paul
1661:University of Missouri
1130:This section is empty.
1083:
988:University of Oklahoma
984:Bridge Creek, Oklahoma
931:
807:reported 91. However,
631:devastating F5 tornado
606:
548:Super Outbreak of 1974
538:of April 1908 and the
505:Southern United States
411:
301:
187:Southern United States
88:
72:
2392:: Visible Ink Press.
2035:"Climate of Colorado"
1088:Enhanced Fujita Scale
1073:
956:Enhanced Fujita Scale
936:Enhanced Fujita Scale
925:
813:Vancouver, Washington
611:Appalachian Mountains
597:
542:of 1966. Alabama and
528:Great Natchez Tornado
523:with 271 fatalities.
434:Enhanced Fujita Scale
402:
299:
219:May 31, 1985 outbreak
102:Enhanced Fujita Scale
78:
70:
1210:"Tornado Alley, USA"
855:improve this article
682:District of Columbia
482:of May 1899 and the
480:New Richmond Tornado
3170:North American High
3165:Backdoor cold front
3130:Snow and ice events
2946:U.S. Virgin Islands
2340:Sterling Publishing
2192:2001BAMS...82...63M
2142:, pp. 176–177)
1952:, pp. 114–115)
1593:. February 27, 2008
1338:, pp. 177–178)
1162:Tornado climatology
1114:Research activities
556:2011 Super Outbreak
534:of April 1936, the
519:(336) and fifth is
430:satellite tornadoes
352:, with the state's
243:1974 Super Outbreak
215:2011 Super Outbreak
3180:Atlantic hurricane
3175:North Pacific High
2583:Aviation disasters
2565:Man-made disasters
2439:2007-11-23 at the
2166:McDonald, James R.
1631:The New York Times
1084:
932:
783:reported 209, and
735:West and Southwest
607:
590:East and Northeast
515:(404). Fourth is
412:
302:
203:Jackson, Tennessee
121:Mississippi Valley
89:
81:Anadarko, Oklahoma
73:
3382:
3381:
3208:
3207:
3140:Snow in Louisiana
2601:
2600:
2495:Natural disasters
2434:Chasing Tornadoes
2247:, Time. May 2011.
2015:on April 30, 2008
1897:). Archived from
1377:on April 11, 2008
1150:
1149:
992:Doppler on Wheels
920:
919:
905:
797:Pacific Northwest
623:same storm system
478:of May 1896. The
476:St. Louis Tornado
452:Tri-State Tornado
405:Doppler On Wheels
292:Regional activity
165:tropical cyclones
65:
64:
44:length guidelines
3407:
3348:Washington, D.C.
3332:Cleveland County
3235:
3228:
3221:
3212:
3211:
2955:By city, county,
2910:Washington, D.C.
2904:Federal district
2628:
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2605:
2604:
2588:Fires (non-wild)
2573:Mining disasters
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2033:Doesken, Nolan.
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1994:
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1991:
1982:. Archived from
1972:
1966:
1959:
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1936:
1927:. Archived from
1919:Dornsife, Paul.
1916:
1910:
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1876:
1873:www.spc.noaa.gov
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1568:.com. 2007-11-01
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1132:You can help by
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915:
912:
906:
904:
863:
835:
827:
811:and neighboring
809:Portland, Oregon
427:
426:
422:
354:Cleveland County
277:hurricane season
60:
57:
51:
42:Please read the
28:
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3384:
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3209:
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3185:Santa Ana winds
3135:Snow in Florida
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2597:
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2489:
2484:
2441:Wayback Machine
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2363:Oxford, England
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1932:
1931:on July 4, 2012
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1080:Moore, Oklahoma
1068:
1060:Andover, Kansas
1005:
1000:
916:
910:
907:
864:
862:
848:
836:
825:
741:Rocky Mountains
737:
707:tornado struck
627:Flint, Michigan
619:This F4 tornado
592:
501:
484:Flint, Michigan
466:in March 1925.
424:
420:
419:
366:
294:
109:Rocky Mountains
87:on May 3, 1999.
61:
55:
52:
41:
38:may be too long
33:This article's
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3107:
3105:High risk days
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:Climate change
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3069:Tampa Bay area
3066:
3061:
3056:
3054:Salt Lake City
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2926:American Samoa
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2844:South Carolina
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2809:North Carolina
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2408:External links
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2349:978-1402752230
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1485:Bluestein 2006
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928:Dimmitt, Texas
918:
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853:. Please help
839:
837:
830:
824:
821:
817:deadly tornado
815:were hit by a
779:reported 355,
736:
733:
646:New York State
591:
588:
576:South Carolina
572:North Carolina
500:
497:
492:Super Outbreak
472:East St. Louis
409:Attica, Kansas
365:
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314:American Samoa
310:Virgin Islands
293:
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250:Gulf of Mexico
172:tornado season
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2100:, p. 84)
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2087:, p. 80)
2086:
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2073:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1986:on 2008-02-10
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1965:, p. 81)
1964:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1901:on 2008-06-02
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:Pombo, Jamy.
1885:
1883:
1874:
1870:
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1841:
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1817:
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1768:
1761:
1754:
1740:on 2007-05-09
1739:
1735:
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1711:
1708:Robb Lawson.
1704:
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1089:
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1077:
1076:large tornado
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866:Find sources:
860:
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845:
844:single source
840:This section
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680:(9), and the
679:
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662:New Hampshire
659:
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650:Massachusetts
647:
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584:West Virginia
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370:Tornado Alley
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136:and northern
135:
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125:Tornado Alley
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98:United States
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82:
77:
69:
59:
49:
45:
39:
37:
31:
22:
21:
18:
16:
3338:Rhode Island
3272:
3263:(after 2001)
3190:Chinook wind
3149:
2941:Puerto Rico
2849:South Dakota
2839:Rhode Island
2834:Pennsylvania
2814:North Dakota
2528:21st century
2523:20th century
2502:
2385:
2358:
2331:
2321:Bibliography
2312:Douglas 2007
2292:Douglas 2007
2270:. Retrieved
2240:
2233:Douglas 2007
2179:
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2160:
2153:Douglas 2007
2147:
2140:Douglas 2007
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2127:Douglas 2007
2121:
2114:Douglas 2007
2098:Douglas 2007
2092:
2085:Douglas 2007
2079:
2066:
2053:
2042:. Retrieved
2028:
2017:. Retrieved
2013:the original
1999:
1988:. Retrieved
1984:the original
1970:
1963:Douglas 2007
1957:
1950:Douglas 2007
1944:
1933:. Retrieved
1929:the original
1914:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:the original
1872:
1847:. Retrieved
1834:
1823:. Retrieved
1794:. Retrieved
1781:
1770:. Retrieved
1753:
1742:. Retrieved
1738:the original
1728:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:
1703:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1635:. Retrieved
1629:
1619:
1612:Douglas 2007
1606:
1595:. Retrieved
1581:
1570:. Retrieved
1559:
1534:. Retrieved
1479:
1466:
1455:. Retrieved
1428:. Retrieved
1379:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1364:
1353:. Retrieved
1343:
1316:Douglas 2007
1310:
1303:Douglas 2007
1289:, p. 9)
1281:
1276:, p. 6)
1268:
1257:. Retrieved
1224:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1215:Science News
1213:
1203:
1196:Douglas 2007
1190:
1151:
1138:
1134:adding to it
1129:
1108:
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1095:
1092:
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1056:mobile homes
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686:May 31, 1985
678:Rhode Island
638:Pennsylvania
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413:
367:
303:
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270:Bermuda High
261:Great Plains
258:
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227:Pennsylvania
184:
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113:Great Plains
106:
91:
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36:lead section
34:
17:
15:
3367:Other areas
3296:Connecticut
3024:New England
3019:Los Angeles
3014:Little Rock
3004:Grand Forks
2999:Door County
2918:Territories
2764:Mississippi
2679:Connecticut
2545:Earthquakes
1663:: 571–579.
1448:"Tornadoes"
1105:Forecasting
760:(175), and
725:Lake County
666:Connecticut
513:Mississippi
356:having the
318:Puerto Rico
265:Great Lakes
162:landfalling
150:Mississippi
142:Dixie Alley
56:August 2024
3389:Categories
3353:Washington
3330:Oklahoma (
3316:New Jersey
3291:California
3195:June Gloom
3125:Hurricanes
2879:Washington
2799:New Mexico
2794:New Jersey
2669:California
2593:Shipwrecks
2508:Hurricanes
2399:0787610348
2376:0195307119
2272:2013-08-06
2072:Lyons 1997
2059:Lyons 1997
2044:2008-07-17
2019:2008-07-16
1990:2008-07-16
1935:2008-07-16
1905:2008-07-03
1849:2008-07-16
1825:2008-07-16
1796:2008-07-16
1772:2008-07-16
1744:2007-05-06
1719:2007-05-05
1696:Lyons 1997
1678:10355/9070
1637:2008-07-15
1597:2008-07-15
1572:2008-07-15
1536:2008-07-15
1457:2008-07-15
1430:2008-07-14
1381:2008-07-14
1355:2008-07-14
1336:Lyons 1997
1259:2008-07-14
1226:2006-09-20
1141:March 2013
911:April 2014
881:newspapers
801:Washington
777:California
773:New Mexico
701:Hurricanes
654:New Jersey
600:waterspout
346:hurricanes
322:California
282:wind shear
254:Gulf Coast
241:since the
3150:Tornadoes
3059:San Diego
3034:Milwaukee
2969:Anchorage
2964:Allentown
2957:or region
2889:Wisconsin
2854:Tennessee
2759:Minnesota
2734:Louisiana
2578:Terrorism
2555:Epidemics
2540:Blizzards
2535:Wildfires
2503:Tornadoes
2186:: 63–72.
1566:USA Today
1421:"Tornado"
1043:(3), and
1041:Tennessee
980:Tennessee
851:talk page
823:Intensity
709:Kissimmee
697:supercell
625:that hit
563:Louisiana
521:Tennessee
468:St. Louis
454:, struck
286:supercell
235:Tennessee
93:Tornadoes
46:and help
3321:New York
3311:Michigan
3306:Illinois
3200:Tule fog
3110:Droughts
2989:Columbus
2979:Bismarck
2974:Beaumont
2874:Virginia
2824:Oklahoma
2804:New York
2779:Nebraska
2769:Missouri
2754:Michigan
2744:Maryland
2729:Kentucky
2709:Illinois
2684:Delaware
2674:Colorado
2664:Arkansas
2550:Droughts
2518:Pre-1901
2437:Archived
2330:(2007).
1156:See also
1029:Oklahoma
1025:Missouri
1021:Illinois
1013:Kentucky
976:Arkansas
945:Kentucky
745:Colorado
713:Seminole
670:Delaware
642:Maryland
580:Virginia
544:Kentucky
517:Arkansas
460:Illinois
456:Missouri
440:Nebraska
382:Illinois
374:Oklahoma
350:Oklahoma
334:Oklahoma
239:Kentucky
130:Oklahoma
3374:Bermuda
3281:Alabama
3064:Seattle
3009:Houston
2984:Chicago
2894:Wyoming
2869:Vermont
2774:Montana
2714:Indiana
2694:Georgia
2689:Florida
2659:Arizona
2649:Alabama
2188:Bibcode
1066:Damages
1045:Florida
1037:Alabama
1017:Indiana
998:Impacts
949:Alabama
895:scholar
790:monsoon
781:Arizona
767:In the
764:(114).
756:(345),
754:Montana
750:Wyoming
717:Volusia
692:Florida
674:Vermont
660:(101),
656:(144),
652:(153),
629:with a
604:Florida
582:(565).
567:Alabama
509:Alabama
464:Indiana
444:Indiana
423:⁄
386:Indiana
364:Midwest
342:Florida
231:Ontario
176:Indiana
154:Florida
146:Alabama
117:Midwest
3301:Hawaii
3286:Alaska
3250:Canada
3115:Floods
3078:Topics
2994:Dallas
2829:Oregon
2784:Nevada
2724:Kansas
2699:Hawaii
2654:Alaska
2642:States
2513:Floods
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1049:Kansas
1019:(13),
978:, and
972:Kansas
897:
890:
883:
876:
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805:Oregon
785:Nevada
676:(37),
672:(58),
668:(82),
664:(86),
550:. The
462:, and
394:Canada
388:, and
378:Kansas
330:Nevada
328:, and
326:Oregon
316:, and
308:, the
211:NEXRAD
134:Kansas
119:, the
115:, the
111:. The
3343:Texas
3029:Miami
2859:Texas
2739:Maine
2704:Idaho
2182:(1).
1763:(PDF)
1659:(3).
1183:Notes
1051:(1).
1035:(4),
1031:(6),
1023:(9),
902:JSTOR
888:books
758:Idaho
658:Maine
602:near
499:South
338:Texas
201:, in
138:Texas
3326:Ohio
2931:Guam
2864:Utah
2819:Ohio
2719:Iowa
2394:ISBN
2371:ISBN
2344:ISBN
1895:WCVB
1086:The
1047:and
1039:and
1033:Ohio
1027:and
941:Iowa
874:news
795:The
762:Utah
715:and
640:and
503:The
448:Iowa
390:Iowa
306:Guam
237:and
225:and
223:Ohio
189:and
148:and
2196:doi
1673:hdl
1665:doi
1136:.
857:by
3391::
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2037:.
2007:.
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1923:.
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2047:.
2022:.
1993:.
1961:(
1948:(
1938:.
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892:·
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861:.
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50:.
40:.
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