Collectible card game

2659:, there are concerns about the random and sealed booster packs. However, challenges to whether booster packs are equivalent to gambling have failed to hold up in court, as CCGs typically follow similar rules established for baseball card distribution. These include that the publisher states what the rarity expectations are for a booster pack, and that all cards they sell have equal value; it is only the secondary market that assigns speculative value to rarer cards that elevates their price. Since the publisher has no interaction with the secondary market, this helps to insulate their from gambling concerns. 776: 1266:. The patent has aroused criticism from some observers, who believe it may have stifled growth of other CCGs, and looked to have some of its claims to be invalid. Peter Adkison, CEO of Wizards at the time, remarked that his company was interested in striking a balance between the "free flow of ideas and the continued growth of the game business" with "the ability to be compensated by others who incorporate our patented method of play into their games". Adkison continued to say they "had no intention of stifling" the industry that originated from the "success of Magic". 2448: 461: 640: 332: 2621: 2569: 1486: 1275: 457:, but in CCGs, the level of rarity also denotes the significance of a card's effect in the game, i.e., the more powerful a card is in terms of the game, the greater its rarity. A powerful card whose effects were underestimated by the game's designers may increase in rarity in later reprints. Such a card might even be removed entirely from the next edition, to further limit its availability and its effect on gameplay. 391:, limit how many copies of a particular card can be included in a deck; such limits force players to think creatively when choosing cards and deciding on a playing strategy. Cards come in several broad categories. Common categories, in addition to the aforementioned resource cards, include creatures that are summoned into battle who attack the opposing player and block their creatures' attacks; enchantments that 4637: 375:

card strength is often balanced by the number or type of resources needed in order to play the card, and pacing after that may be determined by the flow of cards moving in and out of play. Resources may be specific cards themselves or represented by other means (for example, tokens in various resource pools, symbols on cards, etc.).

33: 502:, with players buying and selling cards based on perceived value. Many purchases are made to acquire rarer cards to help build competitive decks, while others are just for collection purposes. In some cases, early cards in a CCGs run or which have been banned from play can become of high value to collectors, such as 387:

player's deck can theoretically be of any size, a deck of forty-five or sixty cards is considered the optimal size, for reasons of playability, and has been adopted by most collectible card games as an arbitrary 'standard' deck size. Deck construction may also be controlled by the game's rules. Some games, such as

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according to cards representing baseball plays drawn from a randomized deck. Like modern CCGs, Topps' Baseball Card Game was sold in randomized packs and were collectible; however, it lacked the necessary strategic play that defines a CCG. Interaction between the two players was limited to who scored

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Many games have rules enabling opposing players to react to the current player's turn; for example, a player may cast a counter-spell to cancel an opponent's spell. Games with such reaction systems typically define rules to determine the priority of reactions to avoid potential conflicts between card

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if they believe their starting hand is not good. Players then take turns. While the turn format is different depending on the game, typically it is broken into distinct phases, and all of their resources are reset so they may be used that turn. Players draw a card, play any number of cards by drawing

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in which a deck's content is limited and pre-determined, players select which cards will compose their deck from any available cards printed for the game. This allows a player to strategically customize their deck to take advantage of favorable card interactions, combinations, and statistics. While a

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The bulk of games are designed around a resource system by which the pace of each game is controlled. Frequently, the cards which constitute a player's deck are considered a resource, and the frequency of cards moving from the deck to the play area or the player's hand is tightly controlled. Relative

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such as "flying", meaning the creature can only be blocked by other creatures with flying. Each card also generally represents some specific element derived from the game's genre, setting, or source material. The cards are illustrated and named for these source elements, and the card's game function

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capitalizing on the demand. This created a unique situation where the most desirable and expensive cards could be printed by counterfeiters, but not by the brand owner, due to a promise made with collectors in 1996 and refined in 2011. In 2015, Wizards of the Coast implemented more anti-counterfeit

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Each game has a fundamental set of rules that describes the players' objectives, the categories of cards used in the game, and the basic rules by which the cards interact. Each card will have additional text explaining that specific card's effect on the game. Many games utilize a set of keywords to

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A collectible card game (CCG) is generally defined as a game where players acquire cards into a personal collection from which they create customized decks of cards and challenge other players in matches. Players usually start by purchasing a starter deck that is ready to play, but additional cards

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Each match is generally one-on-one, but many games have variants for more players. Typically, the goal of a match is to play cards that reduce the opponent's life total to zero before the opponent can do the same. Some games provide for a match to end if a player has no more cards to draw in their

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in shape and function, be mass-produced for trading and/or collectibility, and have rules for strategic gameplay. The definition of CCGs is further refined as being a card game in which the player uses their own deck with cards primarily sold in random assortments. If every card in the game can be

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into the mix. Though not technically a CCG, it would target the same player base for sales. The real shake-up in the industry, however, came when Hasbro laid off more than 100 workers at Wizards of the Coast and ended its attempts at an online version of the game when it sold off the subsidiary's

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In 1993 a "new kind of card game" appeared. It was different because the player could not buy all the cards at once. Players would first buy starter decks and then later be encouraged to buy booster packs to expand their selection of cards. What emerged was a card game that players collected and

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or trade with other players. As a player obtains more cards, they may create new decks from scratch using the cards in their collection. Players choose what cards to add to their decks based on a particular strategy while also staying within the limits of the rule set. Games are commonly played

1219:, was not released until very late in December. By then, Wizards of the Coast, the lead seller in the CCG market had announced a downsizing in their company and it was followed by a layoff of over 30 jobs. The excess product and lag in sales also coincided with an eight-month-long gap between 586:

for which each player selects one of the multiple pre-made decks packaged with the game, eliminating randomness while acquiring the cards. However, after more non-random expansion packs are purchased, players can customize their decks according to certain deckbuilding rules, allowing for much

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games. Dead games are those CCGs that are no longer supported by their manufacturers and have ceased releasing expansions. Living games are those CCGs that continue to be published by their manufacturers. Usually, this means that new expansions are being created for the game and official game

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expansion to date. The next two years would mark a "cool off" period for the over-saturated CCG market. Additionally, manufacturers slowly came to understand that having a CCG was not enough to keep it alive. They also had to support organized players through tournaments. Combined with a new

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and pitched the idea to Wizards of the Coast in 1991, but Wizards did not have the resources to manufacture it and instead challenged Garfield to make a game that would pay for the creation of RoboRally. This game would require minimal resources to make and only about 15–20 minutes to play.

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The years 2001 and 2002 progressed with the CCG market being less likely to take risks on new and original intellectual properties, but instead, it would invest in CCGs that were based on existing franchises. Cartoons, movies, television, and books influenced the creation of such CCGs as

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Expansion sets are used to extend CCGs, introducing new gameplay strategies and narrative lore through new cards in starter decks and booster packs, that may also lead to the development of theme decks. Successful CCGs typically have thousands of unique cards through multiple expansions.

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was hard to obtain because production never kept pace with demand. Store owners placed large inflated orders in an attempt to circumvent allocations placed by distributors. This practice would eventually catch up to them when printing capacity met demand coinciding with the expansion of

2509:. It was licensed to Enterplay LLC by Hasbro and published on 13 December 2013. The collectible cards, according to president Dean Irwin, proved to be moderately successful, so Enterplay reprinted the premiere release set mid-February 2014. Other tie-in games released included the 981:

was so popular that game stores could not satisfy the market demand. More and more orders came for the product, and as other game makers looked on they realized that they had to capitalize on this new fad. The first to do so was TSR who rushed their own game

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which by association gave them control over the Origins Convention. By September, Wizards was awarded a patent for its "Trading Card Game". Later in October, Wizards announced that it would seek royalty payments from other CCG companies. Allegedly, only

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who are generally associated as the main publisher of these types of games. LCGs do not use the randomized booster packs like CCGs and instead are bought in a single purchase or fixed-set expansions, and are generally marketed for costing much less than

2483:. New players entering the market from 2009 to 2015 desired cards that were printed before 2009 and with smaller print runs. Demand outstripped quantity and prices of certain cards increased and speculators started to directly manipulate the 1555:

were all a part of a new simplified CCG system Wizards had created for beginners. Called the ARC System, it had four distinct types of cards: Resource, Character, Combat, and Action. The system also utilized the popular "tapping" mechanic of

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these creatures' attributes and abilities; events, such as magic spells, that may have an immediate or ongoing resolution to one or more cards in play; and locations or story cards that present specific conditions impacting all actions.

81:. Each card represents an element of the theme and rules of the game, and each can fall in categories such as creatures, enhancements, events, resources, and locations. All cards within the CCG typically share the same common backside 1198:

was released in November and was essentially a compilation of older sets. It was maligned by collectors and they claimed it devalued their collections. Besides this aspect, the market was still reeling from too much product as

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in which construction of the player's deck throughout the game is the main focus. Deck-building games ship with all the cards required to play and may offer expansions with fixed contents to add more variety to play.

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players, CCG players seem to assume they can only play one CCG at a time. Often, the less popular CCGs will have localized sales success; in some cities a CCG will be a hit, but in many others it will be a flop.

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measures by introducing a holographic foil onto cards with specific rarities, in addition to creating a proprietary font. Between the time period of 2008 to 2016, Magic: the Gathering sold over 20 billion cards.

453:. Special cards may also only be available through promotions, events, purchase of related material, or redemption programs. The idea of rarity borrows somewhat from other types of collectible cards, such as 1800:

magazine (published by Wizards of the Coast) was canceled by the parent company. With Adkisson went Wizards' acquisition of Gen Con and the Origins Convention went to GAMA. Hasbro also ceased production of

1331:. Many established CCGs were in full swing releasing expansions every few months, but even by this time, many CCGs released only two years earlier had already been terminated. TSR had ceased production of 534:

in which players share a common deck from which to draw, expandable through fixed-content expansions and boosters, rather than their own personal deck. Consequently, no customization of decks, trading, or

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inevitable fall from grace as the fad reached its peak in April of that year. The panic associated with the overflooding of the CCGs from 1995 and 1996 was absent and the retailers withstood the crash of

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property which also gave them control of Gen Con. Wizards now had its long-sought role-playing game, and it quickly discontinued all plans to continue producing Dragon Dice or resuming production of the

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Garfield applied for a patent for "a novel method of gameplay and game components that in one embodiment are in the form of trading cards" that includes claims covering games whose rules include many of

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was introduced to the United States after strong popularity in Japan the preceding two years. Wizards of the Coast published it for a couple of years before weak sales resulted in its cancellation. Two

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s mainstream success in the CCG world also highlighted an increasing trend of CCGs being marketed with existing intellectual properties, especially those with an existing television show, such as a

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appeared to be on everyone's mind. Too many CCGs were being released and not enough players existed to meet the demand. In 1995 alone, 38 CCGs entered the market, the most notable among them being

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A survey among users of Reddit's online message boards found little evidence of the need to regulate collectible card games. This concern for gambling plays a big part of the brand messaging for

600:(DCCGs), taking advantage of the ubiquity of the Internet for online play as well as for the potential of computerized opponents. DCCGs can exist as online counterparts of existing CCGs, such as 413:

interpretations. Other games do not have such direct reaction systems but allow players to cast face-down cards or "traps" that automatically trigger based on the actions of the opposing player.

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Trade Show previewed upcoming games for the year. One out of every three games announced at the show was a CCG. Publishers other than game makers were now entering the CCG market such as

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exploration of the game's themes and mechanics.. Some games of this type allow the game to be expanded with additional pre-made decks. "Living Card Game" is a registered trademark of

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game, but transferred them to a new and original setting. The game did not do particularly well, and after two expansions, the game was canceled in 2005. The other new CCG was

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fad also of that year. At first, there was not enough product to meet demand. Some retailers perceived the shortage to be, in part, related to Wizards' recent purchase of the

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from available resources, and make one or more attacks on their opponent. If necessary, there may be a cleanup step, including discarding cards to reach a maximum hand size.

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was designed with Wizards in mind, but the suit between Palladium Books and Wizards was still not settled. Investment money was eventually secured from Wizards and the name

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Theme deck or Tournament deck – Most CCGs are designed with opposing factions, themes, or strategies. A theme deck is composed of pre-determined cards that fit these motifs.

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The exact definition of what makes a CCG is varied, as many games are marketed under the "collectible card game" moniker. The basic definition requires the game to resemble

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threatened to upset the relationship that Wizards had with its distributors as many complained of getting too much product, despite their original over-ordering practices.

482:— The most common distribution method. Booster packs for CCGs usually contain 8 to 15 randomly packaged cards, usually with an assured number of cards of specific rarities. 2994: 1366: 948:(35 million card print run) in an attempt to satisfy orders as well as to fix small errors in the game. December also saw the release of the first expansion called 295:

are obtained from randomized booster packs or by trading with other players. The goal of most CCGs is to beat one's opponent by crafting customized decks that play to

2754:) or simply as a card game. Terms such as "collectible" and "trading" are often used interchangeably because of copyrights and marketing strategies of game companies. 3437: 1883:

The game was known to be popular in Japan but until 2002 had not been released in the United States. The game was mostly distributed to national retailers, with

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CCG by Decipher in December 2001, but they would see very little interest and eventually the two games were canceled. Other niche CCGs were also made, including

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TCG was born and was carried by major retailers but saw limited success until it was discontinued in 2013 prior to the release of Blizzard's digital card game

4498:"Chaset v. Fleer/Skybo International, LP: Swapping trading cards for treble damages - can individuals really sue trading card companies under the RICO Act" 3767: 890:

in 1993. The game has remained popular, with Wizards of the Coast claiming it to be the most widely played CCG as of 2009. It was based on Garfield's game

2891: 1029:, which was heavily involved in the alternative game market, looked to tap into the new CCG market and figured the best way was to adapt their existing 4669: 3236: 860:, and by 1993 he established Garfield Games to attract publishers and to get a larger share of the company should it become successful. When designing 563: 2556:

Forbes reported that the global Trading Card Game market size in 2022 was valued at $ 2.99 billion and it is expected to reach $ 4.2 billion by 2028.

2278:. Following previous trends, Japanese-influenced CCGs continued to enter the market. These games were either based on cartoons or manga and included: 1567:

had recovered and Wizards learned from its lessons of 1995 and early 1996. Players still enjoyed the game and were acquiring its latest expansions of

4079: 3054: 1402: 1057:. By this time, however, it may have been a moot point as the CCG Market had hit its first obstacle: too much product. The overprinted expansion of 936:) and sold out its initial print run of 2.6 million cards immediately creating more demand. Wizards quickly released a second print run called 4977: 1262:") and constructing a deck by selecting cards from a larger pool. Garfield was granted the patent in 1997, which he then transferred the patent to 1127: 217: 525: 3842: 1909:

ended its decent run in 2001 after the company lost its license. The game was terminated and the publisher later folded in 2002. The release of

4284: 2019: 1834: 1177: 1088: 659:, a prototype from 1904, is a notable precursor to CCGs because it had a few similar qualities but it never saw production to qualify it as a 491:

Starter set – An introductory product that contains enough cards for two players. The card selection is usually pre-determined and non-random.

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brought renewed interest to the CCG market and many new companies began pursuing this established customer base. Large retail stores such as

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announced that the series would end in 1997. But by the end of the year, the situation was resolved and Decipher regained the license to the

4524:"Links between problem gambling and spending on booster packs in collectible card games: A conceptual replication of research on loot boxes" 2286: 1519: 1289:

In early 1996, the CCG market was still reeling from its recent failures and glut of products, including the release of Wizards' expansion

3931: 2495:, for a brief period of time. Prices of cards from previous sets increased dramatically and the American market saw an influx of Chinese 1461:

ceased production. However, Wizards of the Coast attempted to enter a more mainstream market with the release of a simplified version of

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added to their distribution afterward. By the end of 2002, the game was the top CCG even though it was nowhere near the phenomenon that

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interactive division. Coinciding with this turn of events was Peter Adkisson's decision to resign and Lisa Stevens whose job ended when

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created by the initial shuffling of the deck, as well as the opponent's actions, by using complementary and preferably efficient cards.

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s elements in combination, including concepts such as changing the orientation of a game component to indicate use (referred to in the

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Collectible Card Games (CCG) may also be known as a trading card game (TCG), customizable card game, expandable card game (ECG - see

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in CCG is typically turn-based, with each player starting with a shuffled deck, then drawing and playing cards in turn to achieve a

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was convinced on its profitability and bought Wizards of the Coast for $ 325 million (equivalent to $ 594.4 million in 2023).

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s early success led other game publishers to follow suit with their own CCGs in the following years. Other successful CCGs include

4641: 4475: 3467: 2386: 1995: 1822: 488:– An introductory deck that contains enough cards for one player. It may contain a random or a pre-determined selection of cards. 229: 5251: 4662: 3000: 2695: 1905:

had top-of-the-line artwork but the size of the starter deck was similar in size to the RPG books. Precedence's other main CCG

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marked the release of the 100th new CCG since 1993, and 2002 also marked the release of the 500th CCG expansion for all CCGs.

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had sold over 1 billion cards, and during its most popular period, between 2008 and 2016, it sold over 20 billion cards.

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is based on the fantasy genre, so many of the cards represent creatures and magical spells from that setting. In the game, a

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resumed production in 2000 after White Wolf regained full rights and released the first new expansion in three years called

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or other means, players start by shuffling their decks and drawing an initial hand. Many games allow for a player to take a

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A few other CCGs were released only in other countries and never made it overseas to English speaking countries, including

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as well as to get closer to the source material. The Star Trek CCG from Decipher was almost terminated after disputes with

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Most collectible card games are distributed as sealed packs containing a subset of the available cards, much like trading

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is illustrated as a reptilian beast, has higher stats than smaller creatures, and has the aforementioned "flying" keyword.

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obtained by making a small number of purchases, or if the manufacturer does not market it as a CCG, then it is not a CCG.

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The next few years saw an increase in the number of companies willing to start a new CCG, partly owing to the success of

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David-Marshall, B.; Dreunen, J.v.; Wang, M. (2010). Trading Card Game Industry - From the T to the C to the G (Report).

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players continued for a few years and leveled off by 2015. Interest also developed with their multiplayer format called

718:-like function since players could not play simultaneously. Other notable entries that resemble and predate the CCG are 2805: 2227: 2149: 1987:. New CCGs entered the market, many of which tried to continue the trend of franchise tie-ins. Notable entries include 1531: 1103: 960: 17: 3642: 663:

card game. It is not known if the game was intended to be a standalone product or something altogether different like

4655: 4044:, Garfield, Richard Channing, "Trading card game method of play", published 1997-09-02, assigned to 3713: 3032: 2727: 2314: 1719: 1658: 1575: 1315: 1194: 3886: 3816: 4692: 4417:"'Marvel Snap' Becomes Top-Grossing Digital Trading Card Game —Beating 'Yu-Gi-Oh!' And 'Magic:The Gathering Arena'" 2362: 2231:

core set. It introduced a redesigned card border and it would later mark the beginning of a new play format titled

2099: 1935: 1652: 1431: 1309: 1291: 1215: 1009: 944: 223: 150: 4238: 3792: 5256: 4963: 3260: 2511: 2129: 1670: 1425: 3959: 3758: 142: 5266: 5261: 4707: 2937: 2690: 2469: 2304: 2252: 2200: 2025: 1989: 1929: 1866: 1850: 1816: 1569: 1209: 1068: 971: 246: 4390:"PlayFusion and Games Workshop Join Forces to Create New Warhammer AR, Physical and Digital Trading Card Game" 2675: 1049:; however, it was considered a great competitive move by Wizard as Jyhad was based on one of the most popular 2685: 2320: 2123: 1828: 1676: 1581: 1467: 1255: 1143: 1041: 597: 571: 253: 235: 3227: 2632: 2580: 3690: 3572:

Lipset, Lew (2000), "The Hobby Insider - Recollecting the history of a baseball card game that never was",

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universes and pitted the heroes and villains from those universes against one another. Similarly, the game

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on cards is frequently used to provide a narrative for story-driven games or sometimes as humorous asides.

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for free in 2015. After a 20-year run, the brand was sold to Fantasy Flight Games and released as an LCG.

1599: 1376: 207: 5172: 5162: 5112: 4863: 2771: 2550: 2399: 2326: 2117: 1856: 1840: 1540: 1525: 1494: 1384: 1035: 938: 602: 258: 197: 3055:"Yu-Gi-Oh! Card Game Breaks Guinness Record with 25.1 Billion Cards Sold New Series Available Worldwide" 5230: 2680: 2350: 2232: 2007: 1956: 1165: 4472:"Is spending on trading cards related to problem gambling? | Northstar Problem Gambling Alliance" 4041: 3853: 1706:

and they saw an uptick in the number of CCGs released and an overall increased interest in the genre.

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CCG, and also announced that it would be the last expansion for the game. Decipher then released the

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was released shortly after that. Demand was still not satiated as the game grew by leaps and bounds.

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card market to their advantage. This eventually attracted the interest of the controversial figure

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in June 2003. This would start a slow revival for the brand, though never reaching the 1999 craze.

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initially launched with 300 unique cards and currently has more than 22,000 as of March 2020.

138: 4678: 3441: 2705: 1750: 1133: 726: 437:(R). Some games use alternate or additional designations for the relative rarity levels, such as 421:

Specific game cards are most often produced in various degrees of scarcity, generally denoted as

2531:

was released in 2012 in Japan and in 2013 in English, but as an original intellectual property.

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and would continue to see a loss in sales as interest waned in succeeding expansions, and their

667:. The game consisted of a limited 112 cards and never saw manufacture past the marketing stage. 5145: 5013: 4838: 2765: 2492: 2265: 2065: 1796: 1039:

which followed with two expansions in 1995 and 1998. Another entry by Wizards of the Coast was

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met with better than average reviews before its run was terminated and the rights returned to

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baseball, in which players build a team of players before the baseball game itself is played.

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Zendle, David; Walasek, Lukasz; Cairns, Paul; Meyer, Rachel; Drummond, Aaron (6 April 2021).

3172:"SuperData: Hearthstone trumps all comers in card market that will hit $ 1.4 billion in 2017" 2600: 2522: 1967: 1505:. Only 7 new CCGs were introduced that year, all but two being Wizards of the Coast product. 1419:

1997 saw a slow down in the release of new CCG games. Only 7 new games came out, among them:

1050: 841: 801: 691: 110: 97:. CCGs are typically themed around fantasy or science fiction genres, and have also included 3500: 2087:

Plenty of other CCGs were attempted by various publishers, many that were based on Japanese

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players, more emphasis was placed on the game rather than the collectibility of the cards.

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Convention attendees browsing collectible card game cards at MCM London Comic Con May 2015

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and its licensee Upper Deck. Meanwhile, strong sales continued with the three top CCGs of

2239:, originally published in English by Wizards, having its publishing rights transferred to 1959:

continued their effort to take market share away from the CCG market with the releases of

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who at the time was a doctoral student. Garfield and Davis had an idea for a game called

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There are similar games, usually inspired by CCGs, that should not be mistaken for CCGs:

4539: 914:, a magazine that focused on RPGs. On 4 July weekend of 1993, the game premiered at the 775: 485: 121: 5195: 5102: 5045: 4883: 4558: 4523: 2892:"A Story in the Cards: The Collaborative Wizardry Behind Making "Magic: The Gathering"" 2871: 2517: 2206: 1640: 1321: 1171: 1156: 1015: 706: 639: 576: 542: 350:

simplify the card text, with keywords referring to common gameplay rules. For example,

269: 256:(DCCGs) have gained popularity, spurred by the success of online versions of CCGs like 3114: 2447: 2318:. Many other franchises were made into CCGs with a few reboots. Notable ones included 1789:

was also released this year and would seek to challenge the CCG market by introducing

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By 2000, the volatility of the CCG market was familiar to its retailers. They foresaw

1605:

to the mass market (the original Japanese version of the game having been released by

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in the alternative game market which kept White Wolf from aggressively competing with

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was released in mid-1994 and no end was in sight for the excitement over the new CCG.

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which could have financially ruined the company, Wizards acquired another RPG called

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Role-Playing Game and Collectible Card Game Artists : A Biographical Dictionary

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Also, two entries from Decipher were released, one that passed the torch from their

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TCG, by Decipher and Wizards of the Coast. They followed the demise of the original

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released in November 1994. Combined with the releases of 9 other CCGs, among them

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Prior to the advent of the CCG, the market for alternative games was dominated by

610:, as wholly original card games that take advantage of the digital space, such as 331: 5210: 5167: 5150: 5117: 5055: 4548: 2838: 2821: 2052: 1898: 1092: 829: 715: 364: 157:, or play mats may be used to complement gameplay. Players compete for prizes at 32: 3592:

Tomart's Photo Checklist & Price Guide to Collectible Card Games, Volume One

1955:

CCG which refined the rules, rebooted the game, and introduced new card frames.

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On 3 June 1997, Wizards of the Coast announced that it had acquired TSR and its

816:'s basement in 1990, was looking to enter the RPG market with its series called 4939: 4808: 4798: 4761: 4726: 4337: 4016: 2546: 2503:

A rise in tie-in collectible card games continued with the introduction of the

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in 2000, but its production resumed when after it was sold to Alderac in 2001.

1587: 1004: 710: 98: 4217:

Martin Shkreli is Getting into Magic: the Gathering, and Gamers Are Conflicted

3229:

Gaming as Culture: Essays on Reality, Identity and Experience in Fantasy Games

2221:

Probably one of the biggest developments in the CCG market was the release of

1480: 1184:

The enthusiasm from manufacturers was very high, but by the summer of 1995 at

215:

cards as of March 2024. Other notable CCGs have come and gone, including

5245: 5200: 5137: 4986: 4609: 4169: 3994: 3087: 2700: 2527: 2405: 2356: 2163: 2042: 1606: 869: 813: 805: 720: 454: 401: 184:

in 1993 and its initial runs rapidly sold out that year. By the end of 1994,

117: 90: 65: 61: 1623:

shipments more often than non-affiliated stores. By the summer of 1999, the

1563:

Despite limited success or no success at all in the rest of the CCG market,

876:

treasured but also played with. The first collectible card game created was

141:

before their opponent, often by scoring points or reducing their opponent's

4944: 4868: 4813: 4754: 4647: 4567: 4192: 3629: 3493:"The Living Card Game: Giving Collectible Card Games a Run for Their Money" 3378: 3176: 2896: 2191: 2179: 1891:

was. The card publisher Precedence produced a new CCG in 2001 based on the

1764: 1407: 837: 764:, spoke of the idea of designing a collectible card game as early as 1979. 761: 745: 630: 479: 383: 307: 125: 78: 5050: 5040: 4955: 3965: 3413: 2656: 2496: 2480: 1785: 1731: 1457:

succumbed to a nonrenewal of its license later on in 2001. Also in 1997,

1361:

games, with the latter also enjoying strong success from the re-released

1337: 1278: 1097: 1021: 988:

into production, releasing it in June 1994. Through this period of time,

732: 612: 368: 342: 154: 124:

then later customize their deck with cards they acquire from semi-random

94: 82: 2620: 2568: 5155: 5072: 4995: 4858: 4793: 3364:

Scrye Collectible Card Game Checklist & Price Guide, Second Edition

2158: 1884: 1374:

CCG would remain the second best-selling CCG until the introduction of

1234:

HKK was later released in the Czech Republic. HKK is still being made.

1121: 1076: 964:

which experienced collation problems. Another core set iteration named

958:

still the only CCG on the market, it released another expansion called

919: 833: 664: 652: 634: 536: 510: 300: 158: 3266: 3199:"Getting started with the Pokemon Trading Card Game (TCG) for parents" 1611: 1490: 1439: 1412: 498:

Because of the rarity distribution of cards, many popular CCGs have a

5215: 5089: 5028: 5008: 4783: 2417: 2167: 2105: 1485: 1327: 1109: 984: 849: 670: 499: 86: 57: 2366:

in the United Kingdom and Australia. Publisher Alderac released the

1771:

Decipher released its final chronological expansion of the original

1598:

In early 1999, Wizards released the English-language version of the

942:(7.3 million card print run) and then a second core set called 5205: 5060: 5023: 3092: 2460: 2211: 2187: 2111: 2093: 1961: 1927:

continued a steady pace releasing successful expansion blocks with

1513: 910: 134: 2235:

that utilized cards from this set onward. Another development was

1274: 1213:. The one new CCG that retailers were hoping to save their sales, 5179: 4888: 4823: 4818: 2652: 2256: 1714: 1636: 1471:. Its creation is considered a failure, along with its follow-up 1185: 1072: 825: 767: 296: 268:. CCGs have further influenced other card game genres, including 102: 3468:"Expandable Card Games (ECG), Trademarks & Patents (3 of 3)" 2084:

which won an Origins award. The game was also canceled in 2005.

1688: 1307:

Plenty more CCGs were introduced in 1996, chief among them were

539:

occurs, and there is little interest in collection of the cards.

4636: 4168:. Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts & Design. Archived from 3064: 2996:

20 Years Of Magic: The Gathering, A Game That Changed The World

2942: 2421: 2246: 2183: 1650:

A small selection of new CCGs also arrived in 1999, among them

1644: 840:

joined the company in 1991 as vice president after having left

3933:

A Brief History of Game #1: Wizards of the Coast: 1990-Present

2198:

in 2010 and is currently still being made. Another CCG titled

1269: 556:, the first such deck-building game, was directly inspired by 4878: 4833: 4620: 2088: 2079: 1152: 1148: 1084: 1080: 923: 856:

In December 1991, Garfield had a prototype for a game called

696: 379: 106: 4607:

Vita, Jeofrey; Gomes, Jeff (April 1995). "How they did it".

4017:"Mi is az a Hatalom Kártyái Kártyajáték? - Beholder Fantasy" 3987:"A Hatalom Kártyái Kártyajáték története - Beholder Fantasy" 2965:"Gatherer - The Official Magic: The Gathering Card Database" 2268:

licensed Upper Deck to publish a TCG based on the game. The

1595:

fanbase in light of some of the cards being "too powerful".

1410:

announced its intention to pay these royalties for its game

299:

of card combinations. Refined decks will try to account for

5077: 4618:"The complete beginner's guide to collectible card games". 4194:

Accumulated Knowledge 1 - Intro to History of Magic Finance

3025:"Magic: the Gathering 25th anniversary Facts & Figures" 2820:

Turkay, Selen; Adinolf, Sonam; Tirthaliv, Devayani (2012).

2391: 1481:

Wizards of the Coast dominates, Hasbro steps in (1998–1999)

699:

in 1951 as an apparent followup to a game from 1947 called

146: 4624:. No. 4. February 1995. pp. Special insert, 1–8. 2255:

continued into 2006. Riding on the success of the popular

1762:. Wizards of the Coast introduced a new sports CCG called 1717:. New CCGs introduced in 2000 included notable entries in 1453:

saw moderate success for a few years before its publisher

1300:

dichotomy between collectors and players especially among

2869: 2525:

which after a 3-year run ended production in early 2020.

2458:

saw a large player boom in 2009, with the release of the

2156:

An interesting CCG released by Upper Deck was called the

1416:. Other CCGs acknowledged the patent on their packaging. 647:

from 1904, a precursor to the CCG that was never released

4521: 1974: 1808: 1353:

CCG. Decipher was now sanctioning tournaments for their

4441:"Inside the Industry - Reports on Trading Card Games", 3737:

Card Game MAGIC: THE GATHERING Returns to Comics at IDW

3379:"Rarity and Power: Balance in Collectible Object Games" 3336:

Scrye Collectible Card Game Checklist & Price Guide

2133:. Existing CCGs were reformatted or rebooted including 1237: 468:

educational card game, containing nine additional cards

249:

were produced but had little or no commercial success.

4456:

Varney, Allen (February 1997), "Inside the Industry",

3709:

Understanding Magic: The Gathering - Part One: History

2819: 844:. Through their mutual friend Mike Davis, Adkison met 2800:, McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers, pp. 2–3, 1501:

By February 1998, one out of every two CCGs sold was

4236: 3019: 3017: 2775:

to be the best-selling trading card game as of 2011.

2545:

In March 2018, it was announced that PlayFusion and

1188:, retailers had noticed CCG sales were lagging. The 3689:Klemens, Ben; Landau, Elizabeth (2 February 2021), 2938:"Rare Magic: The Gathering Card Sells For $ 87,000" 1395:collectible dice game, and the soon to be released 1230:, or HKK, was released in 1995 and was inspired by 400:deck. After determining which player goes first by 2720:Collectible Card Games Checklist & Price Guide 2420:. By the end of 2008, trouble was brewing between 1383:Wizards continued acquiring properties and bought 93:the card along with instructions for the game and 3910:The Complete Encyclopedia of Magic: The Gathering 3409:"So what exactly is a deck-building game anyway?" 3014: 2666:with fixed non-randomized distribution of cards. 1643:began carrying CCGs and by the end of September, 864:, Garfield borrowed elements from the board game 475:cards. The most common distribution methods are: 5243: 3589: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2718:Miller, John Jackson; Greenholdt, Joyce (2003). 2717: 1045:. The game sold well, but not nearly as well as 709:, represented by cards, and moved them around a 2929: 2312:was rebooted once again in 2008 and renamed as 2073:kept most of the gameplay mechanics from their 1560:. This system was abandoned shortly afterward. 926:. In the following month of August, the game's 689:The first pre-CCG to make it to market was the 3692:An Inclusive, Cyberpunk Future Is in the Cards 3142: 3140: 2923:Official Price Guide to Collectible Card Games 1335:and attempted another collectible game called 4971: 4663: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3688: 3674:Owens, Thomas S.; Helmer, Diana Star (1996), 3598: 2878: 2846: 2472:. This increase in the player base created a 1689:Transitions and refining of the market (2000) 868:which also used cards for gameplay, and from 705:by Ed-u-Cards Corp. Players created teams of 77:Cards in CCGs are specially designed sets of 4677: 4365:"Dave of the Five Rings: Chapter Twenty-One" 2360:, and others, as well as another attempt at 2247:The CCG renaissance continues (2006–present) 1702:. Yet CCGs benefited from the popularity of 624: 4332: 4330: 4230: 4111: 4109: 3673: 3370: 3221: 3219: 3137: 2889: 1683: 1341:which failed shortly after being released. 1270:Stabilization and consolidation (1996–1997) 655:have been around since at least the 1300s. 323:tournaments are occurring in some fashion. 27:Game played using specialized playing cards 4985: 4978: 4964: 4670: 4656: 4445:, no. #12, p. 73, September 1996 4387: 3929: 3916: 3590:Tumbusch, T. M.; Zwilling, Nathan (1995), 3585: 3583: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 2822:"Collectible card games as learning tools" 2611: 1619:stores where it was assumed they received 1223:s expansions, the longest in its history. 4606: 4557: 4547: 4310: 4304: 4139: 4056: 3957: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3163: 2935: 2837: 1281:was one of the attempts at a collectible 120:will begin playing a CCG with a pre-made 4449: 4327: 4150:, no. #19, p. 17, October 1997 4135:, no. #19, p. 18, October 1997 4124: 4120:, no. #21, p. 17, January 1998 4106: 4067:, no. #21, p. 85, January 1998 4040: 3907: 3901: 3790: 3784: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3429: 3225: 3216: 3075: 2599:In 1996, Luke Peterschmidt, designer of 2446: 1484: 1273: 774: 685:, with instruction sheet/diamond diagram 669: 638: 459: 359:may relate to the subject. For example, 330: 64:deck building elements with features of 31: 4434: 3604: 3580: 3342: 3169: 3146: 2957: 1401:CCG, on 26 June. Wizards also acquired 564:Non-Collectible Customizable Card Games 85:, while the front has a combination of 14: 5244: 4455: 4362: 4282: 4276: 4213: 4207: 4190: 4184: 4077: 3951: 3627: 3621: 3571: 3565: 3435: 3361: 3333: 3280: 2696:List of digital collectible card games 2603:, remarked that unlike board game and 2464:expansion. The spike in the number of 2050:lasted two years and was succeeded by 1609:in 1996). The game benefited from the 378:Unlike traditional card games such as 201:which is estimated to have sold about 4959: 4651: 3930:Appelcline, Shannon (3 August 2006), 3793:"Richard Garfield: King of the cards" 3756: 3733: 3727: 3660: 2992: 2920: 2916: 2914: 2795: 1975:A second wave of new CCGs (2003–2005) 1809:Franchise trends continue (2001–2002) 1203:still sat on shelves alongside newer 932:core set was released (also known as 596:Many CCGs have also been remade into 326: 4414: 4356: 4253: 3773:from the original on 27 January 2019 3750: 3705: 3699: 3242:from the original on 2 December 2013 3083:"「ワンピース」でも「鬼滅」でもなく…史上最も稼いだ意外なジャンプ作品" 2986: 2722:(2nd ed.). Krause Publication. 2615: 2563: 2506:My Little Pony Collectible Card Game 1627:TCG became the first CCG to outsell 1238:Wizards of the Coast era (1996–1999) 788:taking elements from the board game 714:the most points and was otherwise a 583:The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game 4314:New Card Frame Coming in Magic 2015 4259: 4237:Wizards of the Coast (4 May 2016), 3734:Ching, Albert (11 September 2011), 3376: 3253: 3226:Williams, J. Patrick (2 May 2007), 2936:Kunzelman, Cameron (28 July 2018). 2890:Ohannessian, Kevin (20 July 2014). 908:. The ads for it first appeared in 812:(Wizards), a new company formed in 205:cards as of January 2021, and 24: 4600: 4311:Styborski, Adam (6 January 2014), 3958:Courtland, Hayden-William (n.d.), 3648:from the original on 19 March 2015 3605:unknown, toppcat (28 March 2013), 2911: 2521:; which had collectible cards and 2172:UFS: The Universal Fighting System 1879:Upper Deck had its first hit with 1141:saw a makeover and was renamed as 526:Collectible Common-Deck Card Games 314:CCGs can further be designated as 289: 56:) among other names, is a type of 25: 5278: 4629: 4214:Morris, David Z. (10 July 2016), 3843:"Magic: The Gathering Fact Sheet" 3791:Stafford, Patrick (24 May 2014), 3757:Kotha, Suresh (19 October 1998), 3265:, 27 January 2012, archived from 3170:Minotti, Mike (28 January 2017). 2534:One of the longest running CCGs, 2384:for the PS2, was turned into the 1971:in 2002 but saw limited success. 977:What followed was the CCG craze. 464:A cardboard booster pack for the 4635: 4363:Gordon, David (7 October 2015), 4283:Andres, Chas (13 January 2014), 3879:"Best-selling trading card game" 3817:"First modern trading card game" 2619: 2567: 2214:. Chaosium licensed the game to 2194:, etc. This CCG was obtained by 1520:Hercules: The Legendary Journeys 792:. The game was released in 1993. 516: 4574: 4515: 4490: 4464: 4408: 4381: 4154: 4071: 4034: 4009: 3979: 3885:. 31 March 2011. Archived from 3871: 3835: 3809: 3682: 3540: 3515: 3485: 3460: 3436:Varley, Allen (9 August 2009). 3401: 3191: 3107: 3047: 2757: 2711: 2512:Final Fantasy Trading Card Game 2204:was the spiritual successor to 1783:license was not being renewed. 416: 262:, and wholly digital CCGs like 4191:Lennon, Ross (20 March 2015), 4162:"Origins Award Winners (2003)" 3628:Varney, Allen (January 1994). 3067:. 20 June 2011. Archived from 2813: 2789: 2744: 2691:List of collectible card games 2549:would team up to create a new 2251:The previous year's influx of 1917:TCG briefly beat out sales of 1756:Vampires: The Eternal Struggle 1591:which added new enthusiasm to 1393:Star Trek: The Next Generation 1380:to the United States in 1999. 598:digital collectible card games 560:and thus has similar concepts. 254:digital collectible card games 13: 1: 5252:Card games introduced in 1993 4338:"'MLP CCG' Trending in Hobby" 4146:"Wizards of the Coast News", 4131:"Wizards of the Coast News", 4116:"Wizards of the Coast News", 3676:Inside Collectible Card Games 3362:Miller, John Jackson (2003), 3334:Miller, John Jackson (2001), 3147:Unknown, Kai (12 July 2011), 2993:Chalk, Titus (31 July 2013), 2782: 2686:Digital collectible card game 2378:PC game. Another video game, 2150:Digimon Collectible Card Game 1459:Vampire: The Eternal Struggle 1295:which was rated as the worst 1256:Vampire: The Eternal Struggle 1144:Vampire: The Eternal Struggle 824:to other RPG series. After a 679: 335:Players engaged in a game of 236:Vampire: The Eternal Struggle 4549:10.1371/journal.pone.0247855 4388:PlayFusion (20 March 2018). 4078:Varney, Allen (3 May 2006). 3641:. TSR, Inc. pp. 66–67. 3060:Konami Digital Entertainment 2839:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.130 2737: 2559: 2020:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 1147:to distance itself from the 782:(pictured in 2014) designed 129:between two players, though 7: 5173:Collectible miniatures game 5163:Constructible strategy game 3706:Long, Nick (1 March 2006), 3444:. p. 1. Archived from 2669: 1957:Collectible miniature games 1526:Legend of the Burning Sands 1385:Five Rings Publishing Group 1036:Illuminati: New World Order 603:Magic: The Gathering Online 259:Magic: The Gathering Online 109:, and may include licensed 10: 5283: 5231:Tabletop role-playing game 4460:, no. #15, p. 83 2681:Collectible miniature game 2424:, who owned the rights to 2287:Avatar: The Last Airbender 1867:Warlord: Saga of the Storm 1535:were those five, and only 628: 619: 616:, or in many other forms. 5188: 5136: 5088: 4994: 4932: 4923:Non-Sport Update magazine 4916:The American Card Catalog 4907: 4771: 4718: 4685: 4415:Roeloffs, Mary Whitfill. 4046:Wizards of the Coast Inc. 3548:"The Base Ball Card Game" 3377:Ham, Ethan (April 2010). 2538:, released its final set 1911:The Lord of the Rings TCG 1803:Legends of the Five Rings 771:and CCG craze (1990–1995) 643:Allegheny's prototype of 625:Early history (Pre-1990s) 133:formats are also common. 68:. It was introduced with 5108:Dedicated deck card game 4804:Cryptozoic Entertainment 4679:Non-sports trading cards 3574:Sports Collectors Digest 3119:Pokémon official website 2536:Legend of the Five Rings 2034:CCGs were released with 1835:Buffy the Vampire Slayer 1684:Franchising (2000- 2002) 1389:Legend of the Five Rings 1387:, Inc., creators of the 1325:, and Wizards' very own 1128:Legend of the Five Rings 754:claimed the designer of 356:about 25 common keywords 218:Legend of the Five Rings 4240:Official Reprint Policy 3908:Moursund, Beth (2002), 2921:Brown, Timothy (1999), 2706:Non-sports trading card 2612:Concerns about gambling 2444:ended its run in 2007. 2440:. The Warhammer series 2302:and the classic series 1051:intellectual properties 894:from 1982. Originally, 657:The Base Ball Card Game 574:(LCGs) - Games such as 111:intellectual properties 5257:Collectible card games 5146:Abstract strategy game 5014:Cooperative board game 4642:Collectible card games 4584:. Fantasy Flight Games 4369:The Cardboard Republic 4063:"Patently Confusing", 3883:Guinness World Records 3852:. 2009. Archived from 3821:Guinness World Records 3630:"Role-playing Reviews" 3472:PairofDiceParadise.com 3262:Board Game Terminology 3150:Collectible Card Games 2766:Guinness World Records 2676:Collectible dice games 2493:Turing Pharmaceuticals 2452: 2266:Blizzard Entertainment 2218:who produced the CCG. 2162:. It incorporated the 1532:Xena: Warrior Princess 1498: 1421:Dune: Eye of the Storm 1346:Dungeons & Dragons 1286: 1091:, and others. The CCG 802:Dungeons & Dragons 793: 686: 648: 645:The Baseball Card Game 469: 346: 37: 5267:Card game terminology 5262:Games of mental skill 5226:Social deduction game 5221:Paper-and-pencil game 5098:Collectible card game 5034:Cross and circle game 4703:Collectible card game 3608:It's Cott To be Good! 3497:BoardGameResource.com 2450: 2174:used characters from 1996:SpongeBob SquarePants 1915:The Lord of the Rings 1823:The Lord of the Rings 1740:Collectible Card Game 1488: 1277: 1232:Magic: The Gathering. 1228:Power Cards Card Game 1221:Magic: The Gathering' 1163:franchise along with 1033:game. The result was 800:(RPG), in particular 778: 760:, published in 1979, 673: 642: 629:Further information: 500:secondary marketplace 463: 334: 89:artwork or images to 42:collectible card game 35: 5019:Deduction board game 5004:Adventure board game 4899:Wizards of the Coast 4698:Artist trading cards 4644:at Wikimedia Commons 4582:"LCG Player's Guide" 4088:The Austin Chronicle 4080:"The Year in Gaming" 3961:History of Spellfire 3850:Wizards of the Coast 3760:Wizards of the Coast 2973:Wizards of the Coast 2796:Frank, Jane (2012), 2456:Magic: the Gathering 2438:Magic: the Gathering 2333:Battlestar Galactica 2321:Cardfight!! Vanguard 2216:Fantasy Flight Games 1939:. Decipher released 1629:Magic: The Gathering 1558:Magic: The Gathering 1503:Magic: the Gathering 1264:Wizards of the Coast 956:Magic: The Gathering 905:Magic: The Gathering 888:Wizards of the Coast 879:Magic: The Gathering 862:Magic: The Gathering 810:Wizards of the Coast 785:Magic: The Gathering 769:Magic: The Gathering 608:Magic: the Gathering 589:Fantasy Flight Games 568:Expandable Card Game 558:Magic: The Gathering 504:Magic: The Gathering 389:Magic: the Gathering 361:Magic: The Gathering 352:Magic: The Gathering 338:Magic: The Gathering 284:Fantasy Flight Games 211:which has sold over 190:Magic: The Gathering 186:Magic: The Gathering 182:Wizards of the Coast 174:Magic: The Gathering 167:Magic: The Gathering 71:Magic: The Gathering 5113:Shedding-type games 4540:2021PLoSO..1647855Z 3997:on 28 November 2011 3889:on 27 December 2014 3503:on 31 December 2017 3438:"Dominion Over All" 3123:The Pokémon Company 3035:on 11 February 2018 2969:Magic the Gathering 2553:trading card game. 2481:finance speculation 1941:The Motion Pictures 1585:and by year's end, 1067:In early 1995, the 1027:Steve Jackson Games 543:Deck-building games 270:deck-building games 176:, was developed by 5103:Deck-building game 5046:Running-fight game 4779:Allen & Ginter 4263:Magic Reserve List 4172:on 5 November 2007 3115:"Business Summary" 2872:SuperData Research 2701:Loot box criticism 2631:. You can help by 2579:. You can help by 2518:Star Wars: Destiny 2453: 1943:expansion for the 1921:for a few months. 1499: 1477:released in 1998. 1287: 1285:game in the 1990s. 886:, and patented by 798:role-playing games 794: 702:Batter Up Baseball 692:Baseball Card Game 687: 676:Batter-Up Baseball 649: 577:Android: Netrunner 470: 347: 327:Gameplay mechanics 38: 36:Assorted CCG cards 18:Trading card games 5239: 5238: 5128:Trick-taking game 4953: 4952: 4854:Merlin Publishing 4844:Goodwin & Co. 4748:Hollywood Zombies 4741:Garbage Pail Kids 4734:Dinosaurs Attack! 4640:Media related to 4613:. pp. 20–22. 4478:on 19 August 2021 4344:. 14 January 2014 4286:Counterfeit Cards 4166:Origins Game Fair 3940:on 24 August 2006 3859:on 24 August 2009 3678:, pp. 10–12. 3417:. 29 October 2014 3269:on 2 October 2013 3095:. 29 January 2021 3029:Magic.Wizards.com 2752:Age of Empires II 2664:Living Card Games 2649: 2648: 2597: 2596: 2372:CCG based on the 2271:World of Warcraft 2261:World of Warcraft 2241:Pokemon USA, Inc. 2210:by the publisher 2023:and many others. 1829:A Game of Thrones 1677:The Wheel of Time 1631:. The success of 1474:Portal Second Age 916:Origins Game Fair 836:. This was after 572:Living Card Games 280:Living card games 242:World of Warcraft 230:Lord of the Rings 180:and published by 50:trading card game 48:), also called a 16:(Redirected from 5274: 5123:Tarot card games 5066:Chinese dominoes 4980: 4973: 4966: 4957: 4956: 4839:Godfrey Phillips 4693:Collections list 4672: 4665: 4658: 4649: 4648: 4639: 4625: 4614: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4561: 4551: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4474:. Archived from 4468: 4462: 4461: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4334: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4289:, archived from 4280: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4113: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4094:on 9 August 2011 4090:. Archived from 4084:Austin Chronicle 4075: 4069: 4068: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3993:. Archived from 3983: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3964:, archived from 3955: 3949: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3936:, archived from 3927: 3914: 3913: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3858: 3847: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3772: 3765: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3712:, archived from 3703: 3697: 3696: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3671: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3647: 3634: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3602: 3596: 3595: 3587: 3578: 3577: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3499:. Archived from 3489: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3448:on 7 August 2009 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3359: 3340: 3339: 3331: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3241: 3234: 3223: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3144: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3071:on 20 June 2011. 3051: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3031:. Archived from 3021: 3012: 3011: 3010: 3008: 2999:, archived from 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2918: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2887: 2876: 2875: 2867: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2793: 2776: 2761: 2755: 2748: 2733: 2644: 2641: 2623: 2616: 2592: 2589: 2571: 2564: 2491:, former CEO of 2414: 2145:Digimon D-Tector 1873:Warhammer 40,000 1712: 1489:A collection of 1249: 1207:expansions like 1000:Galactic Empires 884:Richard Garfield 866:Cosmic Encounter 846:Richard Garfield 820:which converted 818:The Primal Order 790:Cosmic Encounter 780:Richard Garfield 757:Cosmic Encounter 711:baseball diamond 684: 681: 566:, also known as 545:- Games such as 528:- Games such as 508: 214: 204: 194: 178:Richard Garfield 21: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5211:Icehouse pieces 5184: 5168:Miniatures game 5151:Connection game 5132: 5084: 5056:Tile-based game 4990: 4984: 4954: 4949: 4928: 4903: 4767: 4714: 4681: 4676: 4632: 4617: 4603: 4601:Further reading 4598: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4534:(4): e0247855. 4520: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4413: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4396:(Press release) 4386: 4382: 4373: 4371: 4361: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4336: 4335: 4328: 4319: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4296: 4294: 4281: 4277: 4268: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4245: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4222: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4199: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4114: 4107: 4097: 4095: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4021:www.beholder.hu 4015: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3991:www.beholder.hu 3985: 3984: 3980: 3971: 3969: 3956: 3952: 3943: 3941: 3928: 3917: 3906: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3801: 3799: 3789: 3785: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3742: 3740: 3732: 3728: 3719: 3717: 3716:on 29 July 2014 3704: 3700: 3687: 3683: 3672: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3638:Dragon Magazine 3632: 3626: 3622: 3613: 3611: 3603: 3599: 3588: 3581: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3552:Board Game Geek 3546: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3529: 3523:"LCGs Top CCGs" 3521: 3520: 3516: 3506: 3504: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3434: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3375: 3371: 3360: 3343: 3332: 3281: 3272: 3270: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3232: 3224: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3182: 3180: 3168: 3164: 3155: 3153: 3145: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3091:(in Japanese). 3081: 3080: 3076: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3023: 3022: 3015: 3006: 3004: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2934: 2930: 2919: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2888: 2879: 2868: 2847: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2779: 2762: 2758: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2730: 2714: 2672: 2645: 2639: 2636: 2629:needs expansion 2614: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2577:needs expansion 2562: 2442:Dark Millennium 2408: 2249: 2201:Call of Cthulhu 2053:Dark Millennium 1977: 1854:and a rebooted 1811: 1775:trilogy called 1710: 1691: 1686: 1483: 1446:Aliens/Predator 1403:Andon Unlimited 1367:Special Edition 1272: 1247: 1240: 1166:Deep Space Nine 902:was changed to 830:Palladium Books 773: 751:Dragon Magazine 682: 637: 627: 622: 519: 506: 451:exclusive rares 419: 329: 292: 290:Characteristics 282:" developed by 212: 202: 192: 172:The first CCG, 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5280: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5165: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5142: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5070: 5069: 5068: 5063: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5037: 5036: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5000: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4987:Tabletop games 4983: 4982: 4975: 4968: 4960: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4940:Cigarette card 4936: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4926: 4919: 4911: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4809:Dart Flipcards 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4762:Wacky Packages 4758: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4727:Civil War News 4722: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4700: 4695: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4675: 4674: 4667: 4660: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4631: 4630:External links 4628: 4627: 4626: 4615: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4573: 4514: 4489: 4463: 4448: 4433: 4407: 4380: 4355: 4326: 4303: 4275: 4252: 4229: 4206: 4183: 4153: 4138: 4123: 4105: 4070: 4055: 4033: 4008: 3978: 3968:on 8 July 2013 3950: 3915: 3912:, p. 720. 3900: 3870: 3834: 3808: 3783: 3749: 3726: 3698: 3681: 3659: 3620: 3597: 3579: 3564: 3539: 3514: 3484: 3459: 3428: 3400: 3369: 3366:, p. 688. 3341: 3338:, p. 520. 3279: 3252: 3215: 3190: 3162: 3136: 3106: 3074: 3046: 3013: 3003:on 22 May 2014 2985: 2956: 2928: 2910: 2877: 2845: 2812: 2807:978-0786446100 2806: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2756: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2728: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2647: 2646: 2626: 2624: 2613: 2610: 2595: 2594: 2574: 2572: 2561: 2558: 2547:Games Workshop 2489:Martin Shkreli 2403:of Japan, and 2400:Monster Hunter 2387:Kingdom Hearts 2381:Kingdom Hearts 2375:City of Heroes 2369:City of Heroes 2310:Dragon Ball GT 2299:Rangers Strike 2248: 2245: 2176:Street Fighter 2140:Dragon Ball GT 1976: 1973: 1949:Second Edition 1810: 1807: 1726:The Terminator 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1482: 1479: 1271: 1268: 1239: 1236: 1201:Fallen Empires 1175:and the movie 1062:Fallen Empires 995:Fallen Empires 951:Arabian Nights 882:, invented by 772: 766: 695:, released by 626: 623: 621: 618: 594: 593: 561: 540: 518: 515: 496: 495: 492: 489: 483: 455:baseball cards 418: 415: 393:buff or debuff 328: 325: 291: 288: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5279: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5201:Matching game 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5138:Strategy game 5135: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5074: 5071: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4988: 4981: 4976: 4974: 4969: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772:Manufacturers 4770: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4661: 4659: 4654: 4653: 4650: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4623: 4622: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4583: 4577: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4503: 4502:villanova.edu 4499: 4493: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4459: 4452: 4444: 4437: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4395: 4391: 4384: 4370: 4366: 4359: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4331: 4316: 4315: 4307: 4293:on 2 May 2015 4292: 4288: 4287: 4279: 4265: 4264: 4256: 4242: 4241: 4233: 4219: 4218: 4210: 4196: 4195: 4187: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4149: 4142: 4134: 4127: 4119: 4112: 4110: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4066: 4059: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4022: 4018: 4012: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3954: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3911: 3904: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3838: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3798: 3797:Eurogamer.net 3794: 3787: 3769: 3762: 3761: 3753: 3739: 3738: 3730: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3702: 3694: 3693: 3685: 3677: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3631: 3624: 3610: 3609: 3601: 3594:, p. 88. 3593: 3586: 3584: 3576:, p. 50. 3575: 3568: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3528: 3524: 3518: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3432: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3404: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3365: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3337: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3256: 3238: 3231: 3230: 3222: 3220: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3152: 3151: 3143: 3141: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3088:Livedoor News 3084: 3078: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3050: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3018: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2989: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2932: 2925:, p. 505 2924: 2917: 2915: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2873: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2840: 2835: 2832:: 3701–3705. 2831: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2809: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2788: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2763:In contrast, 2760: 2753: 2747: 2743: 2731: 2729:0-87349-623-X 2725: 2721: 2716: 2715: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2667: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2643: 2634: 2630: 2627:This section 2625: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2591: 2582: 2578: 2575:This section 2573: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2540:Evil Portents 2537: 2532: 2530: 2529: 2528:Force of Will 2524: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2406:Vandaria Wars 2402: 2401: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2383: 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1843: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1818: 1806: 1804: 1799: 1798: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1777:Death Star II 1774: 1769: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1738:Dragon Ball Z 1734: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1666: 1665:Austin Powers 1661: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1607:Media Factory 1604: 1602: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1504: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1311: 1305: 1303: 1298: 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668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 646: 641: 636: 632: 617: 615: 614: 609: 605: 604: 599: 592:collectibles. 590: 585: 584: 579: 578: 573: 569: 565: 562: 559: 555: 550: 549: 544: 541: 538: 533: 532: 527: 524: 523: 522: 517:Similar games 514: 512: 505: 501: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 480:Booster packs 478: 477: 476: 473: 467: 462: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 414: 410: 407: 403: 397: 394: 390: 385: 381: 376: 372: 370: 366: 362: 357: 353: 344: 340: 339: 333: 324: 321: 317: 312: 309: 308:trading cards 304: 302: 298: 287: 285: 281: 277: 276: 271: 267: 266: 261: 260: 255: 250: 248: 244: 243: 238: 237: 232: 231: 226: 225: 220: 219: 210: 209: 200: 199: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 170: 168: 162: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 139:win condition 136: 132: 127: 126:booster packs 123: 122:starter deck, 119: 116:Generally, a 114: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 79:playing cards 75: 73: 72: 67: 66:trading cards 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 34: 30: 19: 5097: 4945:Trading card 4933:Other topics 4921: 4914: 4760: 4755:Mars Attacks 4753: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4702: 4619: 4608: 4586:. 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