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identity and historical importance. This is reflected by the name chosen for the commemoration committee formed in 1987, the Tree of
Knowledge Development Committee, and by the care given to the tree. In 1990, it was discovered that the tree was infested by termites and other insects and had severe health problems. Treatment by a tree surgeon, pest control and flushing of the root system with thousands of litres of water gave the tree a new lease of life. This treatment was completed in late 1993.
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332:. At Barcaldine in the same year the Pastoral Employers' Association was founded in response and moved to reduce pay rates. Many workers now joined the unions, pushing membership of the Shearers Union over 3000 and the Labourer's Union to 2,250. Only severe wet weather in 1890 delayed a confrontation. By January 1891 union representatives had gathered at Barcaldine for meetings and pastoralists were pressing shearers to sign freedom of contract forms. A
42:
552:
207:
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work and financial hardship helped to build a sense of mateship and mutual support amongst sections of them. In 1887 the
Central Queensland Carriers Union was formed, and discussions leading up to this are said to have been held under the gum tree which provided shade where carriers waited at the front of the railway station. At the same time, the
398:
The remains of the tree were removed on 29 July 2007. According to a
Queensland Government release the tree is undergoing a process of wood preservation and the remains of the tree – 7 metres (23 ft) tall and 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) across – are being transferred to a special preservation
311:
Barcaldine was a natural focus for the development of unionism. As the railhead, the town drew many seasonal and casual workers. Besides shearers and hands there were navvies who had worked on the construction of the railway and carriers who had found their work reduced by it. Difficulties in finding
351:
in the town. As the non-union labour, police and soldiers usually arrived by rail, strikers would rally outside the railway station to block their arrival and protest. Consequently, the tree in front of the station, the Tree of
Knowledge, was the location of many meetings and a focus for protest. In
372:
Because the area beneath the Tree of
Knowledge was the scene of actions and decisions which had a profound effect on the future of labour and politics in Australia, it has become an icon of the Labor Party and Trades Unions. It is also important to the people of Barcaldine as a symbol of the town's
357:
had failed, but was to have far reaching effects. In 1892, at the foot of the tree, the
Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party dated 9 September 1892 was read out, leading to the formation of the Labor Party in Queensland. The manifesto is considered one of the foundation documents of the current
502:
The Tree of
Knowledge is protected by a modern metal fence and the area surrounding it is bordered by a low rail composed of evenly spaced lengths of log and is landscaped with flowering shrubs. This area also contains a flagpole and a bronze and granite monument symbolising shear blades which was
356:
and military reinforcements arrived. Barcaldine became the focus of the whole country's interest and armed conflict was expected. However, heavy rain which limited movement and the arrest of leaders slowed momentum and strikers began to disperse. On 15 June the strike was officially called off. It
316:
was formed at
Blackall. Within a year it had 1300 members, indicating a perceived need for collective bargaining to obtain fair pay and working conditions. In 1888 the Central Queensland Labourers' Union was formed at Barcaldine. These three unions were the driving force behind the strike of 1891.
413:
A new memorial on the site of the remains of the original tree (costing about A$ 5M) was officially opened on 2 May 2009. The memorial won The
Lachlan Macquarie Award for Heritage Architecture and a National Commendation for Public Architecture at the 2010 National Architecture Awards of the
523:
The Tree of
Knowledge was a key site during the Shearer's Strike in 1891, a confrontation between capital and labour that was a major event in Queensland's history. The strike was a watershed in the development of the labour movement and the formation of the Australian Labor Party.
304:. Large sheep stations were like small townships with their own working facilities, stores, worker's accommodation and tradesmen such as blacksmiths. The owners and managers of these stations had considerable power to dictate terms to an itinerant workforce of
376:
In 1991, there were major celebrations at Barcaldine to mark the centenary of the Shearers' Strike. In preparation for this, the area around the tree was landscaped and a memorial to the strikers erected within the enclosure.
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2041:
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494:) situated outside the railway station in the main street of Barcaldine. Early photographs show a wider canopy than existed at the time of the tree's demise. At the foot of the tree is a plaque which says:
336:
was called and employers began to import non-union labour from the south. Strikers, some of whom were armed, gathered at Barcaldine and set up a camp at Lagoon Creek and other places around the town.
826:
498:
This plaque commemorates the loyalty, courage, and sacrifice in 1891 of the stalwart men and women of the west from whom, beneath this tree, emerged Australia's labour and political movement.
289:
under which the workers of the 1891 Shearer's Strike met. An icon of the Labor Party and Trades Unions, it symbolises the foundation of the organised representation of labour in Queensland.
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recruited for the shearing season. Poor working conditions, low pay and the threat of competition from cheap foreign labour caused discontent within the industry.
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The Tree of Knowledge has a special association with the history of the Australian Labor Party and with the Trades Union movement in Queensland.
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declared the tree dead on 3 October 2006. The ALP offered a reward of A$ 10,000 for any information that would help identify those responsible.
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The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.
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1001:"Prime Minister Julia Gillard plants sapling grown from cutting of the Labor Party Tree of Knowledge at The National Arboretum Canberra"
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The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
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The Tree of Knowledge is closely linked with the cultural identity of Barcaldine and has a strong association with its people.
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Several cuttings propagated from the tree before its death are now growing in Barcaldine. In 2008, the tree was successfully
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16:
This article is about the tree in Barcaldine associated with the labour movement. For the tree in Camooweal, see
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Australian Register and in 2009, the document was added to UNESCO's Memory of the World International Register.
1850:
1775:
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1755:
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1003:. BurHor – Arborists and Landscapers (Open Space Managers for the National Arboretum Canberra). Archived from
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1929:
1891:
1785:
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and the tree was the site of the 1892 reading of the Labour Party manifesto leading to the formation of the
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2015:
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801:"125th anniversary of the Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party | State Library Of Queensland"
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Department of the Environment and Heritage: National Heritage Values for the Tree of Knowledge
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Cabinet.qld.gov−Ministerial media statement: Tree of Knowledge receiving world-class treatment
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2020:
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in a ceremonial planting of a tree grown from an original cutting of the Tree of Knowledge.
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8:
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The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
2344:
471:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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2010:
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410:. A clone of the tree has also been planted at the Ecosciences Precinct in Brisbane.
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Charles Seymour Papers 1880-1924: Treasure collection of the John Oxley Library
224:
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1945:
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1995:
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dispatched police and soldiers to the area and the strikers responded by
252:, Australia, that was poisoned and killed in 2006. It was a 200-year-old
2615:
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2575:
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1950:
1924:
1487:
1432:
1343:
1329:
966:
426:
381:
249:
64:
503:
erected in 1991 to commemorate the centenary of the Shearer's Strike.
41:
2605:
2590:
2545:
1295:
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celebrations, the Tree of Knowledge was also announced as one of the
385:
282:
2540:
1442:
1091:
680:
392:
352:
March 1891 the situation escalated as carriers and railway workers
321:
228:
The preserved trunk of Tree of Knowledge as it currently stands in
1156:
125th anniversary of the Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party
403:
388:
771:"Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party recognised nationally"
2570:
2550:
1113:
on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were computed from the
2237:
860:. 4 December 2007. Ministerial Media Statement. Tim Mulherin.
693:
1035:. National Arboretum Canberra. 19 April 2011. Archived from
905:. 27 November 2011. Ministerial Media Statement. Anna Bligh.
515:
on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.
1151:
TimesOnline.co.uk: 'Death of the Tree of Knowledge' article
903:'Last' Tree of Knowledge finds home at Ecosciences Precinct
422:
747:. Museum & Gallery Services Queensland. Archived from
181:
memorial – plaque, flagpole/flagstaff, memorial/monument
214:
Location of Tree of Knowledge (Australia) in Queensland
851:
Tree of knowledge receiving world-class the treatment
206:
547:
292:
Barcaldine sprang up in 1886 as the terminus of the
924:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 May 2009.
688:(8 November 2021) by Anne Scheu published by the
2695:
916:"Barcaldine unveils Tree of Knowledge memorial"
1095:This Knowledge article incorporates text from
869:
741:"UNESCO First for State Library of Queensland"
684:This Knowledge article incorporates text from
365:. In 2008 the manifesto was added to UNESCO's
2253:
1185:
1027:"PM Plants 'Tree of Knowledge' at Arboretum"
713:Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland)
429:of Queensland for its role as a "location".
707:
705:
408:Queensland Department of Primary Industries
2759:Buildings and structures completed in 2009
2260:
2246:
1199:
1192:
1178:
827:"OM69-18 Charles Seymour Papers 1880-1924"
593:
328:was formed in 1885 and in 1889 became the
240:was a heritage-listed tree in Oak Street,
40:
1165:Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party.
1116:"Queensland heritage register boundaries"
717:Heritage Trails of the Queensland Outback
1161:OM69-18 Charles Seymour Papers 1880-1924
971:"PREMIER UNVEILS QUEENSLAND'S 150 ICONS"
702:
223:
1127:licence (accessed on 5 September 2014,
956:. 30 June 2011. Architecture Australia.
880:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
46:The Tree of Knowledge, Barcaldine, 1997
2754:Buildings and structures in Queensland
2696:
647:
645:
643:
641:
488:The Tree of Knowledge is a ghost gum (
29:Historic site in Queensland, Australia
2704:Monuments and memorials in Queensland
2241:
1991:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
1971:History of the Australian Labor Party
1173:
965:
947:Barcaldine Tree of Knowledge Memorial
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
265:The town was the headquarters of the
651:
602:. Australian Native Plants Society.
587:
511:Tree of Knowledge was listed on the
451:
380:In 2006, the tree was poisoned with
928:from the original on 19 August 2014
863:
719:. State of Queensland. p. 47.
506:
300:and had previously been centred on
13:
1163:- View a digitised version of the
1109:licence (accessed on 7 July 2014,
1098:"The Queensland heritage register"
884:from the original on 14 April 2010
781:from the original on 25 March 2017
653:"Tree of Knowledge (entry 600021)"
618:
416:Australian Institute of Architects
296:. The area was already settled by
14:
2790:
2744:Australian National Heritage List
1134:
2680:
2343:
1090:
1069:from the original on 30 May 2015
1059:"Eucalypts...but not Eucalyptus"
870:Chrissy Arthur (30 April 2008).
679:
606:from the original on 30 May 2015
550:
456:
432:On 19 April 2011 Prime Minister
267:1891 Australian shearers' strike
205:
198:
2739:Outdoor sculptures in Australia
1051:
1019:
993:
959:
940:
908:
896:
699:, accessed on 19 January 2023.
258:ghost gum. It was added to the
112:1870s–1890s (late 19th century)
2724:Individual trees in Queensland
2267:
1085:
844:
819:
793:
763:
733:
673:
596:"Eucalypts but not Eucalyptus"
447:
1:
661:. Queensland Heritage Council
580:
35:Tree of Knowledge (Australia)
2749:Queensland Heritage Register
2729:2000s individual tree deaths
1816:Australian Capital Territory
658:Queensland Heritage Register
513:Queensland Heritage Register
406:in by workers at the former
330:Australian Labour Federation
281:The Tree of Knowledge was a
260:Queensland Heritage Register
131:Queensland Heritage Register
18:Tree of Knowledge, Camooweal
7:
2441:Fire and Emergency Services
1032:National Arboretum Canberra
831:State Library of Queensland
775:State Library of Queensland
690:State Library of Queensland
543:
442:National Arboretum Canberra
363:State Library of Queensland
10:
2795:
2769:Destroyed individual trees
2016:Norfolk Island Labor Party
872:"Tree of Knowledge cloned"
436:joined ACT Chief Minister
384:(a main ingredient in the
314:Queensland Shearers' Union
287:Barcaldine railway station
276:
149:state heritage (landscape)
15:
2655:
2624:
2531:
2468:
2433:
2407:
2352:
2341:
2323:Australian rules football
2275:
2034:
1963:
1938:
1912:
1905:
1882:Australian Fabian Society
1859:
1804:
1738:
1602:
1511:
1365:
1209:
465:This section needs to be
326:Trades and Labour Council
193:
189:
185:
177:
169:
161:
153:
145:
137:
128:
124:
116:
108:
71:
51:
39:
34:
2764:2006 crimes in Australia
952:16 February 2013 at the
600:Australian Plants Online
566:List of individual trees
421:In 2009, as part of the
285:located in front of the
2774:Landmarks in Queensland
2354:Politics and Government
1887:Chifley Research Centre
361:and is now held by the
294:Central Western railway
2714:Australian Labor Party
2709:Barcaldine, Queensland
1877:Australian Young Labor
1202:Australian Labor Party
500:
359:Australian Labor Party
349:torchlight processions
271:Australian Labor Party
233:
230:Barcaldine, Queensland
178:Significant components
20:. For other uses, see
2642:Members of Parliament
2478:Regions of Queensland
2021:The light on the hill
1131:on 15 October 2014).
975:Queensland Government
496:
341:Queensland Government
227:
2719:Individual eucalypts
2456:Electoral Commission
2377:Legislative Assembly
491:Corymbia aparrerinja
354:went out in sympathy
262:on 21 October 1992.
255:Corymbia aparrerinja
93:23.5523°S 145.2897°E
2001:Federal Labor (NSW)
1867:National Conference
1766:Beazley (1996–2001)
1121:State of Queensland
1103:State of Queensland
856:6 July 2011 at the
367:Memory of the World
89: /
1872:National Executive
1860:Party institutions
1826:Northern Territory
807:. 8 September 2017
805:www.slq.qld.gov.au
234:
170:Significant period
162:Reference no.
98:-23.5523; 145.2897
2691:
2690:
2493:Wide Bay–Burnett
2464:
2463:
2451:Ambulance Service
2425:Magistrates Court
2235:
2234:
2026:Tree of Knowledge
2011:Industrial Groups
1959:
1958:
1930:Independent Labor
1897:John Curtin House
1851:Western Australia
1781:Beazley (2005–06)
1751:Whitlam (1975–77)
1746:Whitlam (1967–72)
1119:published by the
1101:published by the
486:
485:
246:Barcaldine Region
238:Tree of Knowledge
222:
221:
173:1891 (historical)
141:Tree of Knowledge
61:Barcaldine Region
22:Tree of Knowledge
2786:
2684:
2533:Cities and towns
2405:
2404:
2384:Local Government
2347:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2035:Leadership votes
1910:
1909:
1808:
1493:Anthony Albanese
1356:Anthony Albanese
1247:Matthew Charlton
1213:
1203:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1094:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1039:on 10 April 2013
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
997:
991:
990:
988:
986:
977:. Archived from
969:(10 June 2009).
963:
957:
944:
938:
937:
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933:
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900:
894:
893:
891:
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861:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
823:
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814:
812:
797:
791:
790:
788:
786:
777:. 24 June 2008.
767:
761:
760:
758:
756:
751:on 25 March 2012
737:
731:
730:
709:
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683:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
649:
616:
615:
613:
611:
594:Walters, Brian.
591:
560:
558:Australia portal
555:
554:
553:
507:Heritage listing
481:
478:
472:
460:
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452:
209:
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104:
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101:
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94:
90:
87:
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85:
82:
44:
32:
31:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2734:2009 sculptures
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2651:
2620:
2527:
2460:
2429:
2403:
2348:
2339:
2271:
2266:
2236:
2231:
2030:
1955:
1934:
1901:
1855:
1836:South Australia
1821:New South Wales
1806:
1800:
1739:Shadow cabinets
1734:
1598:
1507:
1498:Tanya Plibersek
1398:Arthur Blakeley
1388:Albert Gardiner
1373:Gregor McGregor
1361:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1137:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1007:on 9 April 2013
999:
998:
994:
984:
982:
964:
960:
954:Wayback Machine
945:
941:
931:
929:
921:ABC News Online
914:
913:
909:
901:
897:
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877:ABC News Online
868:
864:
858:Wayback Machine
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157:21 October 1992
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47:
30:
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12:
11:
5:
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2619:
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2608:
2603:
2601:Sunshine Coast
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2420:District Court
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2518:Gulf Country
2503:Central West
2389:Constitution
2328:Rugby league
2025:
2006:Gang of Four
1996:Faceless men
1468:Gareth Evans
1453:Paul Keating
1448:Lionel Bowen
1403:Ted Theodore
1378:Billy Hughes
1354:
1350:Bill Shorten
1342:
1335:
1328:
1303:Paul Keating
1301:
1294:
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1265:
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1251:
1236:Billy Hughes
1234:
1227:
1222:Chris Watson
1220:
1164:
1125:CC-BY 3.0 AU
1115:
1107:CC-BY 3.0 AU
1097:
1089:
1071:. Retrieved
1063:anpsa.org.au
1062:
1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1037:the original
1030:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:the original
995:
983:. Retrieved
979:the original
961:
942:
930:. Retrieved
919:
910:
898:
888:30 September
886:. Retrieved
875:
865:
846:
834:. Retrieved
830:
821:
809:. Retrieved
804:
795:
783:. Retrieved
765:
753:. Retrieved
749:the original
744:
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663:. Retrieved
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438:Jon Stanhope
431:
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347:and staging
338:
319:
310:
298:pastoralists
291:
280:
264:
253:
237:
235:
55:Oak Street,
26:
2668:WikiProject
2637:Brisbanites
2596:Rockhampton
2586:Maryborough
2333:Rugby union
1920:Labor Right
1512:Governments
1473:Simon Crean
1463:Kim Beazley
1438:Frank Crean
1413:H. V. Evatt
1408:Frank Forde
1324:Kim Beazley
1319:Mark Latham
1314:Simon Crean
1309:Kim Beazley
1290:Bill Hayden
1273:H. V. Evatt
1267:Ben Chifley
1260:John Curtin
1242:Frank Tudor
1086:Attribution
967:Bligh, Anna
755:24 February
448:Description
96: /
84:145°17′23″E
72:Coordinates
67:, Australia
2779:Q150 Icons
2698:Categories
2611:Townsville
2576:Hervey Bay
2566:Gold Coast
2556:Caboolture
2498:South West
2483:South East
2372:Parliament
2367:Government
2269:Queensland
2222:2013 (Oct)
2217:2013 (Jun)
2212:2013 (Mar)
2187:2003 (Dec)
2182:2003 (Jun)
2167:1991 (Dec)
2162:1991 (Jun)
2147:1977 (Dec)
2142:1977 (May)
1986:1955 split
1981:1931 split
1976:1916 split
1951:Lang Labor
1939:Historical
1925:Labor Left
1831:Queensland
1603:Ministries
1488:Wayne Swan
1458:Brian Howe
1433:Jim Cairns
1344:Kevin Rudd
1330:Kevin Rudd
1043:24 January
1011:25 October
932:15 January
581:References
573:Eucalyptus
477:March 2017
427:Q150 Icons
399:facility.
382:glyphosate
250:Queensland
242:Barcaldine
154:Designated
81:23°33′08″S
65:Queensland
57:Barcaldine
2606:Toowoomba
2591:Mount Isa
2561:Gladstone
2546:Bundaberg
2523:Far North
2293:Geography
1715:Gillard 1
1700:Keating 1
1665:Whitlam 1
1655:Chifley 1
1296:Bob Hawke
386:herbicide
283:ghost gum
120:1891–1891
2675:Category
2647:Premiers
2541:Brisbane
2434:Services
2362:Politics
1906:Factions
1846:Victoria
1841:Tasmania
1796:Albanese
1730:Albanese
1640:Curtin 1
1615:Fisher 1
1594:Albanese
1524:Fisher I
1443:Tom Uren
1129:archived
1111:archived
1067:Archived
950:Archived
926:Archived
882:Archived
854:Archived
836:22 March
811:22 March
785:25 March
779:Archived
715:(2002).
665:1 August
604:Archived
544:See also
393:arborist
345:drilling
322:Brisbane
302:Blackall
52:Location
2508:Central
2470:Regions
2394:Premier
2313:Symbols
2308:Regions
2303:History
2298:Geology
2283:Economy
2276:General
1964:History
1913:Current
1791:Shorten
1680:Hawke 1
1635:Scullin
1589:Rudd II
1584:Gillard
1574:Keating
1564:Whitlam
1559:Chifley
1544:Scullin
1212:Leaders
1073:10 July
697:licence
610:30 July
467:updated
440:at the
389:RoundUp
277:History
273:(ALP).
2661:Portal
2625:People
2616:Logan
2581:Mackay
2571:Gympie
2551:Cairns
2446:Police
2408:Courts
2288:Energy
1776:Latham
1756:Hayden
1725:Rudd 2
1710:Rudd 1
1630:Hughes
1610:Watson
1579:Rudd I
1549:Curtin
1539:Hughes
1519:Watson
1123:under
1105:under
985:24 May
723:
692:under
404:cloned
391:). An
334:strike
324:, the
165:600021
2513:North
2318:Sport
1771:Crean
1761:Hawke
1650:Forde
1569:Hawke
1554:Forde
694:CC BY
575:trees
117:Built
2399:Flag
2227:2019
2207:2012
2202:2010
2197:2006
2192:2005
2177:2001
2172:1996
2157:1983
2152:1982
2137:1976
2132:1968
2127:1967
2122:1966
2117:1960
2112:1959
2107:1956
2102:1954
2097:1951
2092:1945
2087:1935
2082:1931
2077:1928
2072:1922
2067:1920
2062:1916
2057:1915
2052:1913
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