929:
This page contains useful information on
Polycomb and trithorax proteins, in the form of an introduction, links to published reviews, list of Polycomb and trithorax proteins, illustrative power point slides and a link to a genome browser showing the genome-wide distribution of these proteins in
335:. The actions of TrxG proteins are often described as 'antagonistic' of PcG proteins function. Aside from gene regulation, evidence suggests TrxG proteins are also involved in other processes including
295:
Trithorax-group proteins typically function in large complexes formed with other proteins. The complexes formed by TrxG proteins are divided into two groups: histone-modifying complexes and
363:. As of 2011 it is unclear whether TrxG activity is required in every cell during the entire development of an organism or only during certain stages in certain cell types.
319:) at specific sites in chromatin recognized by the complex. Ash1 domain is involved in H3K36 methylation. Trithorax complex also interacts with
871:
Schuettengruber B, Martinez AM, Iovino N, Cavalli G (December 2011). "Trithorax group proteins: switching genes on and keeping them active".
958:
824:"The Trithorax group protein Ash2l and Saf-A are recruited to the inactive X chromosome at the onset of stable X inactivation"
554:
Grimaud C, Nègre N, Cavalli G (2006). "From genetics to epigenetics: the tale of
Polycomb group and trithorax group genes".
468:
Ingham PW (1998). "trithorax and the regulation of homeotic gene expression in
Drosophila: a historical perspective".
355:
marks, specifically H3K4me3, established by maternally-supplied factors. TrxG proteins are also implicated in
948:
926:
953:
705:
Bagchi A, Papazoglu C, Wu Y, Capurso D, Brodt M, Francis D, Bredel M, Vogel H, Mills AA (February 2007).
287:
The table contains names of
Drosophila TrxG members. Homologs in other species may have different names.
599:"E2F1 mediates DNA damage and apoptosis through HCF-1 and the MLL family of histone methyltransferases"
392:
387:
377:
356:
65:
as part of his doctoral thesis while a graduate student in the laboratory of J.R.S. Whittle at the
303:(PcG) proteins, is regulating gene expression. Whereas PcG proteins are typically associated with
648:"Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and Trithorax modulate Drosophila longevity and stress resistance"
300:
787:
Soshnikova N (August 2011). "Dynamics of
Polycomb and Trithorax activities during development".
296:
659:
382:
320:
66:
40:
347:
During development, TrxG proteins maintain activation of required genes, particularly the
299:-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes. The main function of TrxG proteins, along with
8:
927:
The
Polycomb and Trithorax page of the Cavalli lab at IGH (Institut de Génétique Humaine)
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497:"Trithorax and Polycomb group-dependent regulation: a tale of opposing activities"
424:
Schuettengruber B, Chourrout D, Vervoort M, Leblanc B, Cavalli G (February 2007).
30:. They can be categorized into three general classes based on molecular function:
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27:
496:
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706:
523:
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61:
The founding member of TrxG proteins, trithorax (trx), was discovered ~1978 by
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Siebold AP, Banerjee R, Tie F, Kiss DL, Moskowitz J, Harte PJ (January 2010).
567:
351:, after maternal factors are depleted. This is accomplished by preserving the
26:) are a heterogeneous collection of proteins whose main action is to maintain
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532:
402:
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62:
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Pullirsch D, Härtel R, Kishimoto H, Leeb M, Steiner G, Wutz A (March 2010).
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plus other TrxG proteins not categorized in the first three classes.
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870:
323:(CREB binding protein) which is an acetyltransferase to acetylate
372:
316:
311:. The trithorax complex activates gene transcription by inducing
34:
789:
Birth
Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology
262:
Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome
324:
70:
821:
704:
934:
The
Interactive Fly – Society for Developmental Biology
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426:"Genome regulation by polycomb and trithorax proteins"
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495:Geisler, Sarah J.; Paro, Renato (2015-09-01).
16:Type of proteins that maintain gene expression
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307:, TrxG proteins are most commonly linked to
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707:"CHD5 is a tumor suppressor at human 1p36"
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748:"Maintenance of gene expression patterns"
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681:
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596:
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327:. This gene activation is reinforced by
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342:
81:Members of Trithorax Group Proteins:
13:
746:Brock HW, Fisher CL (March 2005).
238:Nucleosome remodeling factor-38kD
102:absent, small or homeotic discs 2
94:absent, small or homeotic discs 1
14:
970:
920:
597:Tyagi S, Herr W (October 2009).
339:, cancer, and stress responses.
225:mod(mdg4), E(var)3-93D, or doom
126:Brahma associated protein 60 kD
118:Brahma associated protein 55kD
488:
1:
959:Drosophila melanogaster genes
408:
77:is the human homolog of trx.
652:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
359:, which occurs during early
174:female sterile (1) homeotic
56:
7:
366:
315:of lysine 4 of histone H3 (
290:
10:
975:
724:10.1016/j.cell.2006.11.052
443:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.009
894:21.11116/0000-0006-0774-0
568:10.1007/s10577-006-1069-y
393:Histone-Modifying Enzymes
388:Histone methyltransferase
378:Histone acetyltransferase
357:X-chromosome inactivation
930:Drosophila melanogaster.
873:Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol
37:-modifying TrxG proteins
20:Trithorax-group proteins
673:10.1073/pnas.0907739107
615:10.1038/emboj.2009.258
206:little imaginal discs
158:enhancer of yellow 3
150:Enhancer of bithorax
75:-methyltransferase 2A
949:DNA-binding proteins
383:Histone deacetylases
67:University of Sussex
41:chromatin-remodeling
664:2010PNAS..107..169S
524:20.500.11850/104579
343:Role in development
82:
954:Molecular genetics
840:10.1242/dev.035956
801:10.1002/bdra.20774
765:10.1002/dvdy.20298
514:10.1242/dev.120030
222:modifier of mdg 4
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507:(17): 2876–2887.
470:Int. J. Dev. Biol
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609:(20): 3185–95.
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309:gene activation
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254:Trithorax like
71:Histone-lysine
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28:gene expression
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313:trimethylation
305:gene silencing
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190:Imitation SWI
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161:SAYP or e(y)3
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403:PRMT4 pathway
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361:embryogenesis
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23:
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18:
828:Development
501:Development
329:acetylation
169:eld or osa
47:DNA-binding
943:Categories
409:References
398:Nucleosome
353:epigenetic
333:histone H4
270:verthandi
246:trithorax
214:lola like
89:Symbol(s)
533:0950-1991
349:Hox genes
337:apoptosis
57:Discovery
911:19992445
903:22108599
858:20150277
809:21290568
774:15704101
752:Dev. Dyn
733:17289567
692:20018689
633:19763085
584:19504262
576:16821133
541:26329598
452:17320510
367:See also
291:Function
849:2834461
683:2806727
660:Bibcode
624:2771094
482:9654027
373:HIstome
317:H3K4me3
241:Nurf38
198:kismet
182:grappa
177:fs(1)h
166:eyelid
142:domino
110:brahma
35:histone
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603:EMBO J
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278:zeste
230:moira
217:lolal
153:E(bx)
137:dalao
134:dalao
129:Bap60
121:Bap55
907:S2CID
580:S2CID
325:H3K27
193:Iswi
105:ash2
97:ash1
86:Name
899:PMID
854:PMID
805:PMID
770:PMID
729:PMID
711:Cell
688:PMID
629:PMID
572:PMID
537:PMID
529:ISSN
478:PMID
448:PMID
430:Cell
273:vtd
265:Utx
257:Trl
249:trx
233:mor
209:lid
201:kis
185:gpp
145:dom
113:brm
24:TrxG
889:hdl
881:doi
844:PMC
836:doi
832:137
797:doi
760:doi
756:232
719:doi
715:128
678:PMC
668:doi
656:107
619:PMC
611:doi
564:doi
519:hdl
509:doi
505:142
438:doi
434:128
331:of
321:CBP
297:ATP
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73:N
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