425:
485:'s role in fighting such beings. In connection, the lack of trolls and jötnar in modern Scandinavia is sometimes explained as a result of the "accuracy and efficiency of the lightning strokes". Additionally, the absence of trolls in regions of Scandinavia is described in folklore as being a "consequence of the constant din of the church-bells". This ringing caused the trolls to leave for other lands, although not without some resistance; numerous traditions relate how trolls destroyed a church under construction or hurled boulders and stones at completed churches. Large local stones are sometimes described as the product of a troll's toss. Additionally, into the 20th century, the origins of particular Scandinavian landmarks, such as particular stones, are ascribed to trolls who may, for example, have turned to stone upon exposure to sunlight.
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402:), the last class being the youngest addition. On the other hand, Ármann Jakobson is critical of Motz's interpretation and calls this theory "unsupported by any convincing evidence". Ármann highlights that the term is used to denote various beings, such as a jötunn or mountain-dweller, a witch, an abnormally strong or large or ugly person, an evil spirit, a ghost, a
440:
Later in
Scandinavian folklore, trolls become defined as a particular type of being. Numerous tales are recorded about trolls in which they are frequently described as being extremely old, very strong, but slow and dim-witted, and are at times described as man-eaters and as turning to stone upon
190:
and is mentioned throughout the Old Norse corpus. In Old Norse sources, trolls are said to dwell in isolated mountains, rocks, and caves, sometimes live together (usually as father-and-daughter or mother-and-son), and are rarely described as helpful or friendly. The
441:
contact with sunlight. However, trolls are also attested as looking much the same as human beings, without any particularly hideous appearance about them, but living far away from human habitation and generally having "some form of social organization"—unlike the
1273:
Northern
Mythology, Compromising the Principal Traditions and Superstitions of Scandinavia, North Germany, and the Netherlands: Compiled from Original and Other Sources. In three Volumes. Scandinavian Popular Traditions and Superstitions, Volume
98:, and are considered dangerous to human beings. Depending on the source, their appearance varies greatly; trolls may be ugly and slow-witted, or look and behave exactly like human beings, with no particularly grotesque characteristic about them.
453:, what sets them apart is that they are not Christian, and those who encounter them do not know them. Therefore, trolls were in the end dangerous, regardless of how well they might get along with Christian society, and trolls display a habit of
101:
Trolls are sometimes associated with particular landmarks in
Scandinavian folklore, which at times may be explained as formed from a troll exposed to sunlight. Trolls are depicted in a variety of media in modern popular culture.
473:
traditions". They "therefore appear in various migratory legends where collective nature-beings are called for". Lindow notes that trolls are sometimes swapped out for cats and "little people" in the folklore record.
460:
Lindow states that the etymology of the word "troll" remains uncertain, though he defines trolls in later
Swedish folklore as "nature beings" and as "all-purpose otherworldly being, equivalent, for example, to
866:
See Lindow (1978:89), but noted as early as Thorpe (1851:154) who states "The dread entertained by Trolls for thunder dates from the time of paganism, Thor ... being the deadly foe of their race".
210:. According to the section, Bragi was driving through "a certain forest" late one evening when a troll woman aggressively asked him who he was, in the process describing herself:
568:
may have been used by pagan Norse settlers in Orkney and
Shetland as a collective term for supernatural beings who should be respected and avoided rather than worshipped.
87:
sources, beings described as trolls dwell in isolated areas of rocks, mountains, or caves, live together in small family units, and are rarely helpful to human beings.
1161:
Lindow, John (2007). "Narrative Worlds, Human
Environments, and Poets: The Case of Bragi" as published in Andrén, Anders. Jennbert, Kristina. Raudvere, Catharina.
1195:(The pages referenced are from a paper by Alan Bruford entitled "Trolls, Hillfolk, Finns, and Picts: The Identity of the Good Neighbors in Orkney and Shetland").
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emphasizes not the harrying of
Grendel but the cleansing of the hall of Beowulf, so the modern tales stress the moment when the trolls are driven off."
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Smaller trolls are attested as living in burial mounds and in mountains in
Scandinavian folk tradition. In Denmark, these creatures are recorded as
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in Orkney and
Shetland, to mean beings which are very like the Huldrefolk in Norway, may suggest a common origin for the terms. The word
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Hartley, Gregory (2014). "Civilized goblins and
Talking Animals: How The Hobbit Created Problems of Sentience for Tolkien". In
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1115:Ármann Jakobsson (2008). "The Trollish Acts of Þorgrímr the Witch: The Meanings of Troll and Ergi in Medieval Iceland" in
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551:. Trolls may be described as small, human-like beings or as tall as men depending on the region of origin of the story.
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frightens away trolls and jötnar appears in numerous Scandinavian folktales, and may be a late reflection of the god
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Look at them, troll mother said. Look at my sons! You won't find more beautiful trolls on this side of the moon.
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could later have become specialized as a description of the larger, more menacing Jötunn-kind whereas
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folklore, trolls became beings in their own right, where they live far from human habitation, are not
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It has been hypothesized that the troll myth might have its origin in real-life interactions between
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were a popular toy based on the folklore creature. Trolls based on the dolls appeared in the
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1036:[Norse mythology in Dungeons & Dragons - Between reception and stereotypes].
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theorized that these were originally four distinct classes of beings: lords of nature (
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In Norwegian tradition, similar tales may be told about the larger trolls and the
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and trolls, suggesting that both concepts may derive from spirits of the dead.
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1040:. Fest'Ain d'Histoire (in French). Chazey-sur-Ain: Didaskalie. pp. 75–90.
457:('kidnapping'; literally "mountain-taking") and overrunning a farm or estate.
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The Hobbit and Tolkien's mythology : essays on revisions and influences
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genre, with classic examples being the portrayal of trolls in works such as
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var henholdsvis trollkvinne og trollmann – i flertall omtalt som trollfolk.
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Bragi responds in turn, describing himself and his abilities as a skillful
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This article is about beings from Nordic folklore. For the slang term, see
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describes an encounter between an unnamed troll woman and the 9th-century
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Trolls have appeared in many works of modern fiction, most often, in the
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is the name, and main antagonist, of a 2022 Norwegian movie released by
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John Arnott MacCulloch posited a connection between the Old Norse
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The Troll Inside You: Paranormal Activity in the Medieval North
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Kvideland, Reimund. Sehmsdorf, Henning K. (editors) (2010).
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Lindow compares the trolls of the Swedish folk tradition to
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1101:Ármann Jakobsson (2006). "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly:
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160:"to flutter" both developed from the Proto-Germanic verb *
140:
likely borrowed from Old Norse), possibly developed from
45:"Trolls" redirects here. For the 2016 animated film, see
1052:"Roar Uthaug's Troll Launches on Netflix on December 1"
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449:, who are attested as "solitary beings". According to
1073:"Neanderthals, Scandinavian Trolls, and Troglodytes"
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152:'to enchant, to turn into a troll' and the
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959:. Vol. Part III: Themes. McFarland.
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1109:, pp. 54–62. Available online at
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1193:The Good People: New Fairylore Essays
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27:Supernatural being in Nordic folklore
843:Kvedelund, Sehsmdorf (2010:301–313).
1212:Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend
1124:Scandinavian Folk Belief and Legend
524:, and notes that "just as the poem
24:
1249:(2007) translated by Angela Hall.
1002:Dungeons & Dragons For Dummies
647:(2016) and its subsequent sequels
589:, a Norwegian research station in
398:), and heroic and courtly beings (
345:swallower of the wheel of heaven .
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118:(variously meaning "fiend, demon,
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382:, which describe various beings.
309:what is a troll other than that?'
1774:Scandinavian legendary creatures
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1252:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
1234:A Handbook of Germanic Etymology
1180:MacCulloch, John Arnott (1930).
936:MacCulloch (1930:228 & 231).
477:A Scandinavian folk belief that
339:beloved follower of the seeress,
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918:MacCulloch (1930:219—223, 224).
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1149:University of California Press
813:. Earth, Milky Way : punctum.
800:
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1:
1145:Swedish Folktales and Legends
1128:University of Minnesota Press
1094:
899:"trolldomsprosessene i Norge"
708:, a fictional protagonist of
492:The Princess and the Trolls –
296:seeress's friendly companion,
1779:Creatures in Norse mythology
1197:University Press of Kentucky
1186:In Thirteen volumes, Vol. II
1032:Di Filippo, Laurent (2018).
1005:. For Dummies. p. 373.
363:, before the scenario ends.
333:wealth sucker of the giant,
279:Anthony Faulkes translation:
105:
7:
1794:Fairy tale stock characters
1188:. Cooper Square Publishers.
1038:Les clichés dans l'histoire
875:Thorpe (1851:158, 154—156).
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348:What's a troll if not that?
336:destroyer of the storm-sun
10:
1810:
1184:The Mythology of All Races
887:MacCulloch (1930:223—224).
681:anatomically modern humans
342:guardian of the "nafjord"
306:swallower of heaven-wheel;
44:
29:
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1165:. Nordic Academic Press.
807:Ármann Jakobsson (2017).
619:in Tolkien's Middle-earth
287:moon of dwelling-Rungnir,
797:Ármann Jakobsson (2008).
788:Ármann Jakobsson (2006).
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633:Beginning in the 1950s,
539:("mountain-trolls"), or
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271:hvat's troll nema þat?
133:"fiend" (according to
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40:Troll (disambiguation)
38:. For other uses, see
1749:Scandinavian folklore
1330:Scandinavian folklore
1295:at Wikimedia Commons
903:Store norske leksikon
819:10.21983/P3.0175.1.00
671:on December 1, 2022.
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420:Scandinavian folklore
394:), hostile monsters (
324:They call me a troll,
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1769:Supernatural legends
857:Lindow (1978:33—35).
746:Orel (2003:410-411).
655:Trolls Band Together
176:In Norse mythology,
110:The Old Norse nouns
34:. For the doll, see
1105:and Its Giants" in
927:Narváez (1997:118).
779:Faulkes (1995:132).
755:Orchard (1997:167).
697:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
547:("troll-folk") and
510:, the supernatural
233:trungl sjǫtrungnis,
164:, a derivative of *
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1754:Norwegian folklore
1707:Old Norse religion
609:In popular culture
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327:moon of the earth-
154:Middle High German
128:Middle High German
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1291:Media related to
1205:978-0-8131-0939-8
1182:Eddic Mythology,
1171:978-91-89116-81-8
1136:978-0-8166-1967-2
1119:32 (2008), 39–68.
1012:978-0-7645-8459-6
966:978-0-7864-7960-3
948:Bradford Lee Eden
831:Simek (2007:335).
767:Lindow (2007:22).
649:Trolls World Tour
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144:neuter noun *
143:
139:
138:Vladimir Orel
136:
132:
131:troll, trolle
129:
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32:Troll (slang)
19:
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1181:
1162:
1144:
1141:Lindow, John
1123:
1116:
1106:
1102:
1080:. Retrieved
1076:
1067:
1056:. Retrieved
1054:. 2022-09-05
1046:
1037:
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1001:
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430:Forest Troll
429:
403:
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319:translation:
314:
301:corpse-fiord
299:guardian of
277:
270:
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247:élsólar bǫl,
246:
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92:Scandinavian
89:
79:, including
72:
70:
61:
54:
47:
1684:Påskkärring
1378:Church grim
1257:D.S. Brewer
1175:google book
1103:Bárðar saga
997:Grubb, Jeff
993:Baker, Rich
719:, a Danish
711:The Moomins
706:Moomintroll
635:Troll dolls
603:polar orbit
537:bjergtrolde
516:Old English
455:bergtagning
451:John Lindow
428:Skogtroll (
317:John Lindow
135:philologist
1738:Categories
1657:Askeladden
1466:Marmennill
1434:Gjenganger
1390:Deildegast
1373:Changeling
1242:9004128751
1095:References
1058:2022-12-11
1018:2009-02-12
721:video game
599:satellites
591:Antarctica
574:Huldrefolk
556:Huldrefolk
500:John Bauer
384:Lotte Motz
194:Prose Edda
162:trulljanan
66:John Bauer
64:(1915) by
36:Troll doll
1571:Troll cat
1425:Fossegrim
1383:Cyprianus
1356:Bäckahäst
1236:. Brill.
1117:Saga-Book
975:889426663
639:Hollywood
545:trollfolk
541:bjergfolk
533:troldfolk
512:mead hall
479:lightning
414:berserker
410:brunnmigi
220:Old Norse
106:Etymology
90:In later
85:Old Norse
1716:See also
1587:Vardøger
1347:Askafroa
1271:(1851).
1232:(2003).
1143:(1978).
999:(2006).
691:See also
329:Hrungnir
252:vilsinn
120:werewolf
1695:Origins
1578:Valravn
1543:Skogsrå
1516:Bergsrå
1493:Nis Puk
1443:Helhest
1416:Erlking
1276:Lumley.
1217:Cassell
1082:29 June
950:(ed.).
669:Netflix
658:(2023).
621:or the
615:fantasy
526:Beowulf
521:Beowulf
508:Grendel
463:fairies
412:, or a
405:blámaðr
238:auðsug
180:, like
166:trullan
158:trüllen
146:trullan
126:") and
1789:Jötnar
1744:Trolls
1666:Blenda
1648:People
1605:Vættir
1559:Skrømt
1525:Hulder
1475:Myling
1450:Kraken
1399:Draugr
1338:Beings
1293:trolls
1262:
1240:
1223:
1203:
1169:
1155:
1134:
1009:
973:
963:
701:-troll
644:Trolls
581:vættir
549:tusser
502:, 1913
471:Celtic
436:, 1906
432:), by
388:jötunn
378:, and
368:jötunn
240:jǫtuns
187:jötnar
150:trylla
124:jötunn
50:(film)
48:Trolls
18:Trolls
1614:Vǫrðr
1596:Vargr
1566:Troll
1552:Selma
1534:Sjörå
1484:Nisse
1406:Dwarf
1368:Bysen
957:(PDF)
731:Notes
675:Other
664:Troll
587:Troll
570:Troll
566:troll
518:poem
498:, by
467:Anglo
392:troll
372:troll
361:skald
205:skald
197:book
182:thurs
178:troll
156:verb
116:trǫll
112:troll
83:. In
73:troll
1675:Disa
1500:Neck
1457:Mara
1363:Bøyg
1260:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1201:ISBN
1167:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1084:2024
1007:ISBN
971:OCLC
961:ISBN
723:and
717:Hugo
683:and
561:trow
483:Thor
447:näck
445:and
400:risi
396:þurs
380:risi
376:þurs
254:vǫlu
114:and
1411:Elf
815:doi
630:.
601:in
465:in
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1507:Rå
1274:2.
1255:.
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848:^
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1021:.
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817::
469:-
303:,
256:,
242:,
222::
52:.
42:.
20:)
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