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217:. The historical record shows that the Alban Hills were the site of a large settlement and that this settlement fell under Roman power during the regal period. Details are uncertain about when and by whom Alba Longa was destroyed. It was almost certainly subjugated at a later date than that given by Livy and it may have been destroyed by the Latins and not by the Romans (who might have regarded the destruction of their own traditional mother-country as impious).
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29:
352:), a loud voice was heard on the summit of the mount complaining that the Albans had failed to show devotion to their former gods, and a pestilence struck in Rome. King Tullus became ill and was filled with superstition. He reviewed the commentaries of Numa Pompilius and attempted to carry out sacrifices recommended by him. However, Tullus did not undertake the ceremony to
254:. After the incorporation of leaders from Alba Longa into the senate, it became necessary to erect a new building to accommodate the now much bigger Roman Senate. Thus the Curia Hostilla was built. It was universally held by tradition to have been built byâand named in honor ofâTullus, and its remains on the northwestern edge of the
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of those of
Romulus. Both are brought up among shepherds, carry on war against Fidenae and Veii, double the number of citizens, and organize the army. Additionally, Tullus Hostilius' warlike and ferocious character seems to be little more than a contrasting stereotype to that of the peaceable, devout
225:
The battle of Alba Longa was settled by having two sets of triplets, one born in Alba Longa and one in Rome, fight for their city. The last person standing alive would be the winner, and his city would win the war without having their armies engage in battle. The story states that these triplets were
359:
There are two stories concerning the death of Tullus
Hostilius and his family. The first is that his house was hit by lightning and burned to the ground with no survivors. The second is that Ancus Marcius and some of his followers went to Tullus Hostilius's home with swords hidden under their robes.
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Tullus ordered Alba Longa to be destroyed and forced the migration of the Alban citizenry to Rome, where they were integrated and became Roman citizens. For the betrayal of Rome, Tullus had
Mettius Fufetius tied between two chariots; the horses then ripped Mettius into two pieces. According to Livy,
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have been dated to around 600 BC. Although that date falls well outside the traditionally-ascribed period of Tullus
Hostilius' reign, scholars are dubious regarding the tales of the overly-long reigns of the Roman kingsâwith an average reign of 34 years per king, the traditional chronology would be
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and unificationâand 500 BC. Using this timeframe, the construction of the Curia
Hostilia is possible during the reign of Tullus Hostilius. It would also explain things which are otherwise puzzling: Tullus's name being attached to the building, and how, as Roman traditions attest, Tullus could have
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As with those of all the early kings of Rome, the events ascribed to the reign of Tullus
Hostilius are treated with scepticism by modern historians. Part of this is due to obvious flaws in the literary tradition describing the kings: much like the confusion the Ancients exhibited in attributing
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betrayed Rome during the war with the
Etruscans, where Rome requested Alban military assistance, which Mettius agreed to, but also had a secret agreement with the Etruscans to desert Rome in the heat of battle, leaving Tullus alone to fight the battle. Mettius also betrayed the Etruscans by not
263:'s proposal of a more plausible chronology which contracts the regal period from 240 years to around 120 years. This places the historical accomplishments of the kings between 625 BCâthe date that the archaeological record shows the first signs of Rome's
209:
Two distinctive events are traditionally ascribed to Tullus's reign. Historians regard the events as having taken place during the early regal period, but the question of whether the events should be directly associated with Tullus is debatable.
230:, and the majority believed that the Horatii belonged to Rome and the Curiatii to Alba Longa, though this is not certain. After battling for a long time, one of the Roman brothers was victorious, thus Rome and Tullus Hostilius won the battle.
342:, Tullus paid little heed to religious observances during his reign, thinking them unworthy of a king's attention. However, at the close of his reign, Rome was affected by a series of prophecies including a shower of stones on the
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Hostilius was probably a historical figure, however, in the strict sense that a man bearing the name Tullus
Hostilius likely reigned as king in Rome. The most compelling evidence is his name: "Tullus" is an unusual
259:
without historical parallel (the royal rulers of the remarkably stable and healthy
English monarchy have an average reign of 21 years each). Recent archaeological research supports historian
134:, believed the more peaceful nature of his predecessor had weakened Rome. It has been attested that he sought out war and was even more warlike than the first king of Rome,
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171:
contended with Tullus
Hostilius for the throne, but being defeated, he starved himself to death. Marcius's son, also named Numa Marcius, would serve as
360:
Once inside the home, the party killed Tullus, his family, and their servants and razed the property to ensure there would be no heir to the throne.
396:. Consistent with contemporary conventions, the stories concentrate on concocted love stories involving members of the principal character's family.
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in Roman culture, and his gentile name is obscure and linguistically archaic enough to rule out the possibility that he was a crude later invention.
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who then killed him with a bolt of lightning. Non-mythological sources on the other hand describe that he died of plague after a rule of 32 years.
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correctly, and both he and his house were struck by lightning and reduced to ashes as a result of the anger of Jupiter.
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138:. Accounts of the death of Tullus Hostilius vary. In the mythological version of events Livy describes, he had angered
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joining in the battle at all. Tullus won the battle despite the betrayal. Mettius was taken prisoner by Tullus.
35:
538:
Penella, Robert J. (1990/05). "Vires/Robur/Opes and Ferocia in Livy's Account of Romulus and Tullus Hostillus".
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Tullus's second alleged historical accomplishment was the construction of the original Roman Senate house, the
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130:. Unlike his predecessor, Tullus was known as a warlike king who, according to the Roman historian
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The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000â264 BC)
426:' shield. He is described as hauling away the remains of the liar Mettius through the brush.
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singled out as champions of both cities. According to Livy, the triplets were named
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of three Roman champions over three Albans), Alba Longa became Rome's vassal state.
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Incidents from legends surrounding Tullus Hostilius were used as the basis of
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346:(in response to which a public religious festival of nine days was held â a
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under Tullus, and would be the father of Ancus Marcius, Tullus's successor.
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this was the first and last time the Romans used this method of execution.
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727:"Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 1, chapter 30"
664:"Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 1, chapter 25"
640:"Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 1, chapter 24"
616:"Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 1, chapter 24"
479:"Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 1, chapter 22"
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During his reign, Hostilius created the college of the
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series. After the Resurrection, he has teamed up with
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during the baroque period in music, beginning with a
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296:. Cavalier d'Arpin, oil on wood (detail), c. 1601.
525:22.7; Eutrop. 1.4; cf. Dion. Hal. 3.35.1-6; Sen.
201:that concluded all treaties in the name of Rome.
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503:"Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome 1.31"
182:The principal feature of Tullus' reign was the
376:opera performed in Rome in 1694 with music of
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757:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 71.
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694:Neel, Jaclyn (2015-06-30), "Alba Longa",
769:Dionysius of Halicarnassus (lll.35.3-4.)
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698:, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 1â2,
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288:Tullus Hostilius defeating the army of
268:led Rome's successful wars against the
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190:. After Alba Longa was beaten (by the
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145:Tullus Hostilius was the grandson of
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380:. Operatic pastiches with the title
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1842:Characters in Book VI of the Aeneid
696:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History
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301:identical accomplishments to both
246:Construction of the Curia Hostilia
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704:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah25024
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36:Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum
16:King of Rome from 672 to 640 BC
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111:[ËtÊlËÊs(h)ÉsËtiËliÊs]
1:
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322:meaning "hostile" in Latin).
95:Sculpture of Tullus Hostilius
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409:, which centered around the
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436:To Your Scattered Bodies Go
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1858:
1425:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
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114:; r. 672â640 BC) was the
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1679:Rape of the Sabine Women
540:The Classical Quarterly.
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1827:7th-century BC monarchs
1684:Battle of Lacus Curtius
753:Cornell, T. J. (1995).
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939:Ancient Roman religion
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422:in the description of
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731:www.perseus.tufts.edu
668:www.perseus.tufts.edu
644:www.perseus.tufts.edu
620:www.perseus.tufts.edu
507:www.perseus.tufts.edu
483:www.perseus.tufts.edu
429:He is a character in
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126:and was succeeded by
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1564:Interpretatio graeca
228:Horatii and Curiatii
221:Wars with Alba Longa
153:and died during the
1764:Classical mythology
1585:Theology of victory
1430:Kings of Alba Longa
898:(535â510 BC/509 BC)
439:, the first of the
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233:The Alban dictator
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431:Philip José Farmer
378:Giovanni Bononcini
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713:978-1-4443-3838-6
406:Duel of Champions
403:in the 1961 film
205:Historical events
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41:Guillaume Rouillé
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160:. According to
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957:Dii Consentes
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878:Ancus Marcius
876:
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849:Kings of Rome
843:
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810:Ancus Marcius
799:
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545:(1): 207â213.
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459:Hostilia gens
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384:performed in
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382:Tullo Ostilio
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374:Tullo Ostilio
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338:According to
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128:Ancus Marcius
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93:
84:
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80:Ancus Marcius
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53:
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46:
42:
38:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1700:Gubernaculum
1669:Golden Bough
1638:Neoplatonism
1633:Epicureanism
1562:
1535:
1516:
1497:
1490:
1476:
1404:
981:Anna Perenna
955:
892:(578â535 BC)
886:(616â579 BC)
880:(642â617 BC)
874:(673â642 BC)
871:
868:(717â673 BC)
862:(753â717 BC)
797:King of Rome
795:
768:
763:
754:
734:. Retrieved
730:
721:
695:
671:. Retrieved
667:
658:
647:. Retrieved
643:
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623:. Retrieved
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526:
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510:. Retrieved
506:
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486:. Retrieved
482:
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440:
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417:
415:
404:
401:Robert Keith
398:
388:in 1727 and
381:
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347:
337:
324:
319:
299:
265:urbanisation
249:
240:
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224:
212:
208:
196:
181:
169:Numa Marcius
144:
120:king of Rome
99:
98:
49:King of Rome
34:
1774:Persecution
1726:Gallo-Roman
1518:Res divinae
1390:Rhea Silvia
349:novendialis
344:Alban Mount
261:Tim Cornell
66:Predecessor
1811:Categories
1719:Variations
1621:Philosophy
1600:Capitolium
1507:Propertius
1274:Averruncus
1259:Aeternitas
1249:Abundantia
1178:Proserpina
736:2020-12-12
673:2020-12-12
649:2020-12-12
625:2020-12-08
600:Plutarch.
512:2020-12-12
488:2020-12-12
465:References
442:Riverworld
364:In fiction
215:Alba Longa
188:Alba Longa
61:672â640 BC
39:(1553) by
1746:Mithraism
1731:Mysteries
1580:Palladium
1558:Festivals
1334:Securitas
1284:Concordia
1228:Vertumnus
1046:DÄ«s Pater
943:mythology
433:'s novel
328:praenomen
320:Hostilius
116:legendary
76:Successor
1837:Hostilii
1786:Glossary
1757:See also
1653:Stoicism
1628:Cynicism
1590:Pomerium
1549:Concepts
1531:Apuleius
1451:She-wolf
1435:Hersilia
1354:Victoria
1254:Aequitas
1208:Summanus
1198:Silvanus
1183:Quirinus
1113:Libertas
1076:Hercules
1021:Cloacina
1006:Carmenta
1001:Bona Dea
976:Angerona
971:Agenoria
804:673â642
517:; Plin.
453:See also
272:and the
199:Fetiales
162:Plutarch
1769:Decline
1693:Objects
1595:Temples
1575:Charity
1309:Laverna
1299:Fortuna
1289:Feronia
1218:Veritas
1188:Salacia
1173:Priapus
1158:Penates
1138:Neptune
1133:Minerva
1128:Mercury
1091:Jupiter
1031:Dea Dia
996:Bellona
951:Deities
860:Romulus
529:. 1.7.1
527:De Clem
411:Horatii
311:doublet
294:Fidenae
274:Sabines
192:victory
151:Romulus
140:Jupiter
136:Romulus
1736:Cybele
1662:Events
1610:Celtic
1478:Aeneid
1472:Virgil
1385:Aeneas
1319:Pietas
1304:Fontus
1279:Caelus
1269:Annona
1264:Africa
1233:Vulcan
1193:Saturn
1168:Pomona
1071:Genius
1061:Faunus
1051:Egeria
991:Aurora
986:Apollo
710:
424:Aeneas
419:Aeneid
386:Prague
184:defeat
155:Sabine
118:third
1605:Cella
1512:Varro
1492:Fasti
1465:Texts
1349:Terra
1329:Salus
1294:Fides
1223:Vesta
1213:Venus
1163:Pluto
1153:Orcus
1108:Liber
1096:Lares
1081:Janus
1066:Flora
1056:Fauna
1036:Diana
1026:Cupid
1016:Ceres
334:Death
256:Forum
55:Reign
1741:Isis
1486:Ovid
1339:Spes
1324:Roma
1123:Mars
1118:Luna
1086:Juno
1041:Dies
941:and
708:ISBN
589:1:22
579:Livy
555:Livy
523:Numa
390:Brno
340:Livy
305:and
292:and
290:Veii
280:Myth
132:Livy
1314:Pax
1203:Sol
1148:Ops
1143:Nox
700:doi
186:of
1813::
802:c.
745:^
729:.
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543:40
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702::
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491:.
107::
102:(
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