189:
system by which a person's rank was determined based on heredity, was that the cap and rank system allowed for promotion based on merit and individual achievement. One of the more well known examples of promotion within the cap and rank system is that of
66:. The officials wore silk caps that were decorated with gold and silver, and a feather that indicated the official's rank. The ranks in the twelve level cap and rank system consisted of the greater and the lesser of each of the six
198:
court in 607, he was ranked
Greater Propriety (5th rank), but he was eventually promoted to the top rank of Greater Virtue because of his achievements, particularly during his second trip to Sui in 608.
539:
207:
The following table lists the various ranks and the colors that were believed to have been assigned to each one.
39:, established in 603, was the first of what would be several similar cap and rank systems established during the
534:
529:
544:
500:
8:
48:
44:
513:
Yoshimura, Takehiko: 'Kodai Ōken no Tenkai (古代王権の展開)', p. 126. Shūeisha, 1999.
523:
191:
67:
40:
195:
52:
63:
185:
59:
55:
183:
The primary distinction between this new system and the old
16:
Cap and rank systems established during the Asuka period
521:
194:. When Imoko was first sent as an envoy to the
163:
145:
129:
111:
95:
79:
30:
157:
139:
123:
105:
89:
73:
24:
175:The twelve cap system was replaced in 647.
495:
493:
522:
490:
20:The Twelve Level Cap and Rank System
540:7th-century establishments in Japan
202:
13:
14:
556:
461:
440:
419:
398:
377:
356:
335:
314:
293:
272:
251:
230:
209:
507:
178:
51:that were already in place in
1:
483:
7:
164:
146:
130:
112:
96:
80:
31:
10:
561:
158:
140:
124:
106:
90:
74:
25:
47:. It was adapted from
285:Greater Benevolence
306:Lesser Benevolence
535:603 establishments
453:Greater Knowledge
369:Greater Sincerity
327:Greater Propriety
530:Japanese nobility
481:
480:
474:Lesser Knowledge
460:
459:
439:
438:
418:
417:
397:
396:
390:Lesser Sincerity
376:
375:
355:
354:
348:Lesser Propriety
334:
333:
313:
312:
292:
291:
271:
270:
250:
249:
229:
228:
552:
514:
511:
505:
504:
497:
462:
441:
420:
411:Greater Justice
399:
378:
357:
336:
315:
294:
273:
252:
231:
210:
203:Ranks and colors
171:
170:
167:
161:
160:
153:
152:
149:
143:
142:
135:
133:
127:
126:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
101:
99:
93:
92:
85:
83:
77:
76:
45:Japanese history
38:
37:
34:
28:
27:
560:
559:
555:
554:
553:
551:
550:
549:
520:
519:
518:
517:
512:
508:
499:
498:
491:
486:
432:Lesser Justice
243:Greater Virtue
205:
181:
168:
155:
150:
137:
121:
116:
103:
87:
71:
70:virtues: virtue
49:similar systems
35:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
558:
548:
547:
545:Prince Shōtoku
542:
537:
532:
516:
515:
506:
488:
487:
485:
482:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
458:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
437:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
416:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
395:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
353:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
332:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
290:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
269:
268:
265:
264:Lesser Virtue
262:
259:
256:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
204:
201:
180:
177:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
557:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
525:
510:
502:
501:"Court ranks"
496:
494:
489:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
463:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
442:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
421:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
400:
393:Light Yellow
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
379:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
358:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
337:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
316:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
295:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
267:Light Purple
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
253:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
232:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
200:
197:
193:
188:
187:
176:
173:
166:
154:and knowledge
148:
132:
114:
98:
86:, benevolence
82:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
33:
32:Kan'i Jūnikai
21:
509:
477:Light Black
435:Light White
372:Deep Yellow
246:Deep Purple
206:
192:Ono no Imoko
184:
182:
174:
41:Asuka period
19:
18:
456:Deep Black
414:Deep White
309:Light Blue
179:Innovations
120:, sincerity
102:, propriety
53:Sui dynasty
524:Categories
484:References
351:Light Red
288:Deep Blue
330:Deep Red
136:, justice
68:Confucian
387:Shōshin
366:Daishin
261:Shōtoku
240:Daitoku
222:English
471:Shōchi
450:Daichi
345:Shōrei
324:Dairei
303:Shōjin
282:Daijin
219:Romaji
64:Koguryŏ
60:Paekche
429:Shōgi
408:Daigi
225:Color
216:Kanji
186:kabane
213:Rank
56:China
26:冠位十二階
131:shin
81:toku
62:and
468:小智
465:12
447:大智
444:11
426:小義
423:10
405:大義
384:小信
363:大信
342:小礼
321:大礼
300:小仁
279:大仁
258:小徳
237:大徳
196:Sui
165:chi
113:rei
97:jin
43:of
526::
492:^
402:9
381:8
360:7
339:6
318:5
297:4
276:3
255:2
234:1
172:.
162:,
147:gi
144:,
128:,
110:,
94:,
78:,
58:,
29:,
503:.
169:)
159:智
156:(
151:)
141:義
138:(
134:)
125:信
122:(
117:)
107:禮
104:(
100:)
91:仁
88:(
84:)
75:徳
72:(
36:)
23:(
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