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Once on the typosquatter's site, the user may also be tricked into thinking that they are actually on the real site through the use of copied or similar logos, website layouts, or content. Spam emails sometimes make use of typosquatting URLs to trick users into visiting malicious sites that look like
280:
to a malicious website or page that asks users to add a malware "security check extension". Similarly, www.airfrance.com has been typosquatted by www.arifrance.com, diverting users to a website peddling discount travel (although it now redirects to a warning from
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failed to get the U.S. Supreme Court to review a decision allowing
Christopher Lamparello to use www.fallwell.com. Relying on a plausible misspelling of Falwell's name, Lamparello's
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To redirect the typo-traffic back to the brand itself, but through an affiliate link, thus earning commissions from the brand owner's affiliate program
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375:(WIPO) against typosquatters (as with cybersquatters in general). The complainant has to show that the registered domain name is identical or
66:. A user accidentally entering an incorrect website address may be led to any URL, including an alternative website owned by a cybersquatter.
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presents misdirected visitors with scriptural references that are intended to counter the fundamentalist preacher's scathing rebukes against
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is being distributed in a typosquatting method that exploits typos made when entering domains, targeting mainly Chrome and Edge users.
330:(ACPA) contains a clause (Section 3(a), amending 15 USC 1117 to include sub-section (d)(2)(B)(ii)) aimed at combatting typosquatting.
806:
372:
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opinion that "the use of a mark in a domain name for a gripe site criticizing the markholder does not constitute cybersquatting."
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to their trademark, that the registrant has no legitimate interest in the domain name, and that the domain name is being used in
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Combosquatting – no misspelling, but appending an arbitrary word that appears legitimate, but that anyone could register.
553:
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211:, have gained reputations for aggressively chasing down typosquatted names. Lego, for example, has spent roughly
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scheme to mimic the brand's site, while intercepting passwords which the visitor enters unsuspectingly
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Celebrities have also pursued their domain names. Prominent examples include basketball player
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401:– Phishing attacks that depend on falsifying or misrepresenting an internet domain name
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249:. Later, the URL was redirected to google.com; a 2018 check revealed it to redirect users to
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Form of cybersquatting which relies on mistakes when inputting a website address
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By legitimate site owners, to block malevolent use of the typo domain by others
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An incorrectly entered URL could lead to a website operated by a cybersquatter.
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to the victim's site address; the typosquatting site could be in the form of:
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There are several different reasons for typosquatters buying a typo domain:
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To express an opinion that is different from the intended website's opinion
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To harvest misaddressed e-mail messages mistakenly sent to the typo domain
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656:"John Oliver Creates Fake Web Sites to Troll Major Three Credit Bureaus"
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605:"Protecting Your Intellectual Property from Domain Name Typosquatters"
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508:"Dallas Mavericks Star Dirk Nowitzki Wins Dispute Over Domain Name"
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Another example of corporate typosquatting is yuube.com, targeting
164:
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revenues from direct navigation misspellings of the intended domain
297:.com); these three typosquatted sites were registered by comedian
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200:
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A misspelling, or foreign language spelling, of the intended site
628:"John Oliver Takes Aim At Credit Reports In 'Last Week Tonight'"
742:"S. 1255 – Trademark Cyberpiracy Prevention Act"
632:
462:"'Typosquatting': How 1 Mistyped Letter Could Lead to ID Theft"
253:
pages, and a 2020 attempt to access the site through a private
250:
238:
234:
175:
577:"Your Spelling Errors Can Help Typosquatters Make Big Bucks"
269:. By mid-2022, it had been turned into a political blog.
59:
395: – System to identify resources on a network (DNS)
1002:
870:
681:"Typosquatting and the 2020 U.S. Presidential election"
245:
upon accessing the site at the time. Goggle installed
143:
To try to sell the typo domain back to the brand owner
805:(reporting research by Ben Edelman and Tyler Moore:
761:"Without Typo-squatters, How Far Would Google Fall?"
237:, was the subject of a 2006 web safety promotion by
815:"The Internet Commerce Association Code of Conduct"
285:about malware). Other examples are equifacks.com (
1025:
807:Measuring Typosquatting Perpetrators and Funders
413: – Visually similar letters in domain names
115:– omitting a period or inserting an extra period
821:. Internet Commerce Association. Archived from
554:"Google Wants to Take Down Goggle.com Web Site"
485:"Has Lego's $ 500k Spent on URDP Been a Waste?"
574:
972:Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
856:
365:Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
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157:To redirect the typo-traffic to a competitor
84:A misspelling based on a typographical error
977:Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act
863:
849:
531:"Eva Longoria Adds .Org to Her Collection"
328:Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act
101:(ccTLD) (.cm, .co, or .om instead of .com)
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596:
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261:resulted in the page being identified as
748:from the original on September 21, 2018.
679:Riper, Harrison van (October 16, 2019).
551:
528:
518:from the original on September 27, 2011.
505:
482:
373:World Intellectual Property Organization
58:made by Internet users when inputting a
18:
602:
506:Allemann, Andrew (September 12, 2011).
419:Misdialed call § Toll-free numbers
321:
1026:
812:
771:from the original on October 24, 2008.
712:"Rapidly Evolving Magniber Ransomware"
709:
691:from the original on September 4, 2021
653:
625:
591:
575:Gopalakrishnan, Chandu (May 5, 2010).
495:from the original on November 2, 2011.
844:
813:Corwin, Philip (September 13, 2007).
788:"Typos may earn Google $ 500m a year"
785:
678:
587:from the original on August 12, 2011.
564:from the original on August 25, 2011.
483:Allemann, Andrew (November 1, 2011).
472:from the original on August 20, 2015.
459:
307:. Over 550 typosquats related to the
758:
668:from the original on April 14, 2016.
603:Slavitt, Kelly M. (March 26, 2008).
552:Allemann, Andrew (August 23, 2011).
215:500,000 on taking 309 cases through
615:from the original on July 26, 2013.
190:To annoy users of the intended site
131:a given bank's site, for instance.
13:
436: – Form of social engineering
421:– Similar attacks on vanity
407: – Form of domain name hijack
351:, the high court let stand a 2005
233:Goggle, a typosquatted version of
226:UDRP of DirkSwish.com and actress
87:A plural of a singular domain name
14:
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779:
626:Debter, Lauren (April 16, 2016).
541:from the original on May 7, 2011.
276:users by programming that URL to
54:which relies on mistakes such as
786:Giles, Jim (February 17, 2010).
722:from the original on May 4, 2024
654:Durkin, J. D. (April 11, 2016).
529:Allemann, Andrew (May 5, 2011).
759:Metz, Cade (October 23, 2008).
752:
734:
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460:Claes, Bell (August 17, 2015).
371:holders can file a case at the
326:In the United States, the 1999
309:2020 U.S. presidential election
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568:
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522:
499:
476:
453:
430: – Digital marketing tool
333:On April 17, 2006, evangelist
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99:Country Code Top-Level Domain
94:(e.g., .com instead of .org)
7:
710:MalBot (October 25, 2022).
386:
293:.com), and tramsonion.com (
265:and blocked for the user's
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10:
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199:Many companies, including
178:onto the visitors' devices
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951:Domain name front running
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359:WIPO resolution procedure
230:UDRP of EvaLongoria.org.
1003:"Catchall" typosquatting
891:Reverse domain hijacking
118:Appending terms such as
926:Domain name warehousing
906:Domain name speculation
311:were detected in 2019.
289:.com), experianne.com (
174:or revenue generating
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901:Domain name drop list
442: – Web technique
348:Lamparello v. Falwell
22:
1044:Nonstandard spelling
946:IDN homograph attack
819:InternetCommerce.org
411:IDN homograph attack
399:Domain name spoofing
322:In United States law
170:To install drive-by
1008:Wildcard DNS record
982:PROTECT Act of 2003
931:Doppelganger domain
405:Doppelganger domain
377:confusingly similar
257:resolver hosted by
150:the domain through
113:Doppelganger domain
69:The typosquatter's
1039:Network addressing
581:The Economic Times
393:Domain Name System
243:drive-by downloads
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304:Last Week Tonight
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825:on April 7, 2016
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558:Domain Name Wire
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535:Domain Name Wire
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512:Domain Name Wire
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489:Domain Name Wire
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126:to a domain name
105:Similar abuses:
97:An abuse of the
92:top-level domain
73:will usually be
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685:Digital Shadows
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60:website address
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956:Drop registrar
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921:Domain tasting
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916:Domain parking
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911:Domain sniping
908:
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896:Cybersquatting
893:
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780:External links
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440:URL shortening
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353:Fourth Circuit
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228:Eva Longoria's
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48:cybersquatting
30:, also called
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1049:Trademark law
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941:Typosquatting
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829:September 13,
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793:New Scientist
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428:Mousetrapping
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343:homosexuality
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335:Jerry Falwell
331:
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314:The Magniber
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301:for his show
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219:proceedings.
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40:cousin domain
37:
33:
32:URL hijacking
29:
28:Typosquatting
21:
940:
871:Domain name
837:
827:. Retrieved
823:the original
818:
797:. Retrieved
791:
765:The Register
764:
754:
736:
726:November 16,
724:. Retrieved
716:malware.news
715:
705:
695:September 4,
693:. Retrieved
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637:. Retrieved
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90:A different
74:
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52:brandjacking
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
26:
998:Domain hack
873:speculation
299:John Oliver
152:advertising
64:web browser
1034:Cybercrime
1028:Categories
447:References
423:phonewords
363:Under the
339:gripe site
316:ransomware
295:TransUnion
283:Air France
247:SpySheriff
135:Motivation
36:sting site
1013:Fast flux
991:Technical
381:bad faith
369:trademark
205:Lufthansa
799:July 19,
769:Archived
746:Archived
720:Archived
689:Archived
666:Archived
661:Mediaite
639:July 17,
613:Archived
585:Archived
562:Archived
539:Archived
516:Archived
493:Archived
470:Archived
466:Bankrate
434:Phishing
387:See also
367:(UDRP),
291:Experian
278:redirect
267:security
195:Examples
165:phishing
148:monetize
44:fake URL
884:General
877:parking
609:FindLaw
287:Equifax
274:YouTube
263:malware
259:AdGuard
201:Verizon
172:malware
75:similar
62:into a
42:, or a
633:Forbes
251:adware
239:McAfee
235:Google
207:, and
176:adware
124:suckes
965:Legal
345:. In
163:As a
120:sucks
56:typos
875:and
831:2007
801:2023
728:2022
697:2021
641:2023
217:UDRP
213:US$
209:Lego
122:or -
38:, a
34:, a
1054:URL
255:DNS
146:To
71:URL
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203:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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