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every state and the
District of Columbia. Each state committee has a charter that enables it to operate and identifies its members. Each charter is valid for a term of two years, and the committee terminates if the charter is not renewed by the commission. Each committee has a minimum of eleven members. The SACs are supported by regional offices whose primary function is to assist them in their planning, fact-finding, and reporting activities. Like the commission, the SACs produce written reports that are based on fact-finding hearings and other public meetings.
372:, ordered voter registration records to be impounded. "They are not going to get the records," he said. "And if any agent of the Civil Rights Commission comes down to get them, they will be locked up. ... I repeat, I will jail any Civil Rights Commission agent who attempts to get the records." The hearing went forward with no shortage of evidence. Witness after witness testified to inappropriate interference with his or her right to vote. The Commissioners spent the night at Maxwell Air Base, because all the city's hotels were segregated.
406:
students and Negro students should go to the same schools." By 1963, the year before the 1964 Act, that figure had jumped to 62%. In 1956, a healthy majority of white
Americans—60%—opposed "separate sections for Negroes on streetcars and buses." By 1963, the number had grown to 79% opposed—an overwhelming majority. Even in the South, minds were being changed. In 1956, 27% of Southern whites opposed separate sections on public transportation for blacks and whites. By 1963, the number had become a majority of 52%.
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disagreements over policy. A compromise brokered in the Senate resulted in the current hybrid group of eight, half appointed by the president and half by the
Congress, with six-year terms that do not expire with the inauguration of a new president. Since that time the commission has struggled to remain independent, and its agenda has oscillated between liberal and conservative aims as factions among its members have ebbed and waned.
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Senate appointees nor the two House appointees may be of the same political party. With the concurrence of a majority of the commission's members, the
President designates a chair and a Vice Chair. The Staff Director is also appointed by the President with the concurrence of a majority of the Commissioners.
310:
Ultimately, this would make possible a periodic audit of the extent to which our civil rights are secure. ... serve as a clearing house and focus of coordination for the many private, state, and local agencies working in the civil rights field, would be invaluable to them and to the federal government.
518:
President Obama eventually appointed two staunch liberals to the
Commission in the last days of his administration, keeping the commission to six Democratic and two Republican appointees. In June 2017 the commission voted unanimously to begin a wide-ranging investigation of the Trump administration's
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The commission studies alleged discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. It also studies alleged deprivations of voting rights and discrimination in the administration of justice. Though the commission has no enforcement powers, its commissioners try to
613:
The commission has appointed 51 State
Advisory Committees (SACs) to function as the "eyes and ears" of the Commission in their respective locations. The commission's enabling legislation authorizes the creation of these SACs and directs the commission to establish at least one advisory committee in
469:
If the value of a federal agency could be calculated on a per dollar basis, it would not surprise me to find the
Commission on Civil Rights to be among the best investments Congress ever made. My back-of-the-envelope calculation is that the Commission now accounts for less than 1/2000th of 1 percent
405:
A revolution in public opinion occurred during the late 1950s and early 1960s on issues of civil rights. The activities and reports of the
Commission on Civil Rights contributed to that change. In 1956, the year before the 1957 Act, less than half of white Americans agreed with the statement, "White
305:
In a democratic society, the systematic, critical review of social needs and public policy is a fundamental necessity. This is especially true of a field like civil rights, where the problems are enduring, and range widely ... a temporary, sporadic approach can never finally solve these problems.
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Commissioners hold monthly daylong meetings, including six briefings on subjects, chosen by the commissioners, that involve possible discrimination. Ahead of these meetings, commission staff prepares reports on those subjects and schedules appearances by witnesses. Each year the
Commission drafts
409:
The change in views about the desirability of a federal law was even more dramatic. As late as July 1963, 49 percent of the total population favored a federal law that would give "all persons, Negro as well as white, the right to be served in public places such as hotels, restaurants, and similar
385:
and on housing discrimination in
Atlanta, Chicago and New York. The facts gathered in these and other hearings along with the commission's recommendations were presented not just to Congress and the President but the American people generally, and they become part of the foundation upon which the
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A permanent Commission on Civil Rights should point all of its work toward regular reports which would include recommendations for action in ensuing periods. It should lay plans for dealing with broad civil rights problems. ... It should also investigate and make recommendations with respect to
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The eight commissioners serve six-year staggered terms. Four are appointed by the President, two by the President Pro Tempore of the Senate and two by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. No more than four Commissioners can be of the same political party. In addition, neither the two
441:
In 1983, Reagan attempted to fire three members of the commission. They sued the administration in federal court to stay on. The authorizing legislation stated that a president could only fire a commissioner for "misbehavior in office," and it was clear that the terminations were the result of
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administration, as conservatives –including Republican appointees on the Commission itself – argued that it no longer served any useful purpose and conducted partisan investigations meant to embarrass Republicans. After 2004, when Bush appointed two conservative Commissioners who had recently
309:
Nowhere in the federal government in there an agency charged with the continuous appraisal of the status of civil rights, and the efficiency of the machinery with which we hope to improve that status. ... A permanent Commission could perform an invaluable function by collecting data. ...
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Among other provisions, it reauthorized the Commission until September 30, 1996. Although authorization for the Commission has expired... Congress has not passed legislation to reauthorize the Commission on Civil Rights since 1994, although it has continued to appropriate funding for the
515:, one of the two Democratic commissioners, walked out of a meeting in protest. In doing so, Yaki deprived the panel of a quorum and delayed a vote on a draft report, which Yaki claimed, is unfairly biased against the Obama administration. Yaki described the panel as a "kangaroo court".
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establishments," and 42 percent were opposed. By September of the same year, a majority of 54 percent was in favor, and 38 percent opposed. In February 1964, support had climbed to 61 percent and opposition had declined to 31 percent.
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canceled their Republican Party registrations to the two "independent" seats, obtaining a six-member conservative majority bloc, the Commission dramatically scaled back its activities and canceled several ongoing investigations.
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shortly after the commission issued a report recommending rejection of the bill. In 2018 the Commission reversed its position in a report evaluating the federal government's efforts to meet its trust obligations to
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down and really damage " and arguing that only "a moron" could believe the commission's theory that Obama appointees had ordered DoJ attorneys not to protect the voting rights of white people. In October 2010,
322:
put it, the commission's task is to "gather facts instead of charges. ... t can sift out the truth from the fancies; and it can return with recommendations which will be of assistance to reasonable men."
465:
On September 5, 2007, Commissioner Gail Heriot testified about the agency's value on the 50th anniversary of the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Heriot told the Senate Committee on the Judiciary:
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administration, this conservative bloc reversed its position and began using the commission as a vigorous advocate for conservative interpretations of civil rights issues, such as opposition to the
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Since the 1957 Act, the commission has been re-authorized and re-configured by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Acts of 1983 and 1991 and the Civil Rights Commission Amendments Act of 1994.
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Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1975d, all statutory authority for the commission terminated on September 30, 1996, and Congress has not passed new legislation, but has continued to pass appropriations.
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230:(D) - Civil rights attorney and law professor, Chair of the LGBT Committee of the Asian American Bar Association of New York (appointed by Senate Majority Leader
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issues in the United States. Specifically, the CCR investigates allegations of discrimination based on race, sex, national origin, disability. In March 2023,
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Historical Publications of the United States Commission on Civil Rights, a project of the University of Maryland School of Law, Thurgood Marshall Law Library
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502:, a Republican appointee generally considered part of the commission's conservative bloc, criticized her colleagues' investigation into the
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The 50th Anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and its Continuing Importance, Testimony before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary
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administration, that is charged with the responsibility for investigating, reporting on, and making recommendations concerning
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of the federal budget; back in the late 1950s its size would have been roughly similar. And yet its impact has been dramatic.
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civil rights enforcement practices, and 6–2 along party lines to express their concern about the administration's actions.
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1086:"STATEMENT: CAP's Carmel Martin on Appointment of Catherine Lhamon and Debo Adegbile to U.S. Commission on Civil Rights"
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185:(R) - President and General Counsel of the Public Interest Legal Foundation (appointed by President Trump, August 2020)
333:, President of Michigan State University; Robert Storey, Dean of the Southern Methodist University Law School; Father
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Stephen Gilchrist (R) – chairman and CEO, South Carolina African American Chamber of Commerce (appointed by President
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And Justice For All: The United States Commission on Civil Rights and the Continuing Struggle for Freedom in America.
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And Justice for All: The United States Commission on Civil Rights and the Continuing Struggle for Freedom in America.
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191:(D) - Attorney and President of the Texas Civil Rights Project (appointed by President Joe Biden, March 2023)
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enhance the enforcement of federal civil rights laws. Its recommendations often lead to action in Congress.
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was appointed to serve as Chair of the CCR. She is the youngest person to be appointed to the position.
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Memphis Civil Rights Digital Archive's Collection of Transcripts from hearing on Civil Rights in 1962
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President's Committee on Civil Rights. In calling for a permanent commission, that committee stated:
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245:(R) – Partner at Benesch, Friedlander, Coplan & Arnoff in Cleveland, Ohio; former member of the
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Soon after the passage of the 1957 Act, the then-six-member, bipartisan Commission, consisting of
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Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King
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161:(upon the recommendations of the Senate majority leader and minority leader), and two by the
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Proposed and finalized federal regulations from the United States Commission on Civil Rights
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Their first project was to assess the administration of voter registration and elections in
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2922:
2689:
2669:
2574:
2499:
2326:
2231:
2221:
2209:
2100:
1997:
1972:
1706:
1587:
576:
570:
546:
499:
435:
194:
182:
958:"U.S. Commission on Civil Rights now supports federal recognition of Native Hawaiians"
9742:
8898:
8250:
7748:
7667:
7652:
7247:
6873:
6751:
6739:
6640:
6587:
6560:
6433:
6278:
6111:
6101:
5875:
5102:
5075:
4931:
4757:
4688:
4206:
4196:
4171:
4036:
3231:
2952:
2614:
2584:
2179:
1936:
1857:
1776:
1592:
1372:
1369:
A Terrible Thing to Waste: Arthur Fletcher and the Conundrum of the Black Republican.
1345:
1329:
1313:
1298:
1229:
1184:
809:
534:
491:
431:
361:
334:
319:
242:
9658:
9505:
9211:
9031:
8041:
7882:
7865:
7860:
7699:
7485:
7455:
7373:
7022:
7007:
6727:
6715:
6703:
6666:
6612:
6354:
4837:
4420:
4211:
4166:
4101:
4046:
3387:
3358:
3353:
3251:
3219:
3192:
2917:
2534:
2504:
2494:
2489:
2056:
1884:
1542:
1481:
716:
558:
438:
and many of the commission's activities. Pendleton reduced its staff and programs.
346:
73:
9367:
9143:
9041:
8813:
8113:
8046:
7815:
7736:
7682:
7160:
7135:
6847:
6840:
6721:
6709:
6682:
6645:
6607:
6518:
6128:
6123:
5845:
5559:
5411:
5205:
5195:
5086:
4717:
4499:
4191:
4161:
3382:
3209:
3119:
3114:
3045:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
2895:
2850:
2704:
2694:
2674:
2659:
2559:
2434:
2424:
2063:
1807:
1756:
1661:
1557:
1303:
803:
564:
369:
227:
1676:
9837:
9737:
9120:
8255:
8245:
8240:
8235:
7907:
7770:
7704:
7397:
7363:
7317:
6763:
6140:
5579:
5353:
5091:
4905:
4845:
4741:
4345:
4255:
4201:
3819:
3224:
3187:
3177:
2937:
2932:
2874:
2709:
2639:
2569:
2564:
2068:
1992:
1552:
1116:"Civil Rights Commission Launches Investigation Into Ed. Dept., Other Agencies"
597:
591:
528:
458:
330:
264:
254:
250:
86:
695:
474:
In 2008, President George W. Bush announced that he would oppose the proposed
10234:
8818:
8118:
7927:
7562:
7505:
7500:
7428:
7196:
6826:
6273:
6091:
5370:
5300:
5055:
4813:
4789:
4781:
4749:
4106:
4041:
2777:
2759:
2749:
2719:
2664:
2619:
2604:
2549:
2539:
2524:
2474:
2469:
2439:
2236:
2164:
1987:
1766:
1751:
1716:
1500:
1233:
1188:
669:
426:, looking to move the commission in a more conservative direction, appointed
423:
375:
From there, the Commission went on to hold hearings on the implementation of
231:
221:
165:(upon the recommendations of the House majority leader and minority leader).
153:
The commission is composed of eight commissioners. Four are appointed by the
1356:
The Affirmative Action Puzzle: A Living History From Reconstruction to Today
755:
9125:
9097:
8152:
7465:
7206:
7140:
6821:
6177:
5388:
5357:
5331:
5261:
5015:
4910:
4853:
4829:
4805:
4648:
4624:
4116:
4066:
4031:
3089:
2857:
2782:
2754:
2739:
2724:
2679:
2654:
2634:
2544:
2514:
2509:
2479:
2429:
2281:
1967:
1822:
1761:
1597:
696:"The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: History, Funding, and Current Issues"
512:
506:, describing it as motivated by a partisan "fantasy ... they could bring
487:
272:
176:
135:
9402:
8933:
8270:
8172:
7912:
7775:
7531:
6147:
5608:
5427:
5379:
4926:
4733:
4696:
4640:
4272:
4186:
4011:
3109:
3094:
2942:
2905:
2744:
2699:
2684:
2449:
2444:
2291:
1889:
1812:
507:
258:
217:
209:
3939:
1259:"Nevada attorney steers U.S. Civil Rights Commission to patient dumping"
918:"Bush maneuver alters civil rights panel's direction - The Boston Globe"
8265:
8071:
7897:
7892:
7810:
6797:
6062:
5738:
5322:
4797:
4773:
4725:
4680:
4156:
2644:
2629:
2599:
2594:
2343:
2311:
2150:
2118:
1842:
540:
2980:
Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
1617:
644:
9754:
9747:
6412:
5415:
3258:
3104:
2609:
2393:
2331:
2226:
1827:
983:
Reynolds, Gerald; Rights, chairman of the U. S. Commission on Civil.
869:"A Deepening Divide on U.S. Civil Rights Panel - The Washington Post"
1905:
942:
7937:
7887:
7510:
7460:
7101:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
3995:
3731:
3726:
3236:
1847:
1450:
1339:
1323:
1309:
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: Reports on Asian Pacific Americans
1307:
1036:"U.S. Civil Rights Commission hearing erupts in shouting - CNN.com"
253:, December 2001, reappointed December 2006; reappointed by Speaker
2995:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
1177:"Clarence M. Pendleton, 57, Dies; Head of Civil Rights Commission"
5287:
5045:
2348:
357:
7520:
4315:
3182:
1832:
1726:
1011:"A conservative dismisses right-wing Black Panther 'fantasies'"
1061:"U.S. Civil Rights Commission sidetracked by member's protest"
349:, former governor of Florida, set about to assemble a record.
6153:
2994:
445:
In 1990, Congress relied on a commission report to enact the
39:
6170:
3039:
627:
recommendations that are sent to Congress by September 30.
360:. But they immediately ran into resistance. Circuit Judge
5809:
Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
1583:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
6136:
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954
5682:
Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, Washington, D.C.
1417:
1389:
The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights,
101:
7074:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
216:
law professor (first appointed by President Pro Tempore
168:
As of December 2022, the members of the commission are:
5313:
457:
The Commission became increasingly polarized under the
10251:
Human rights enforcement agencies in the United States
6903:
5545:
African American founding fathers of the United States
1325:
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: Reports on the Police
257:, December 2013; reappointed by House Majority Leader
220:, February 2007; reappointed by President Pro Tempore
6252:
Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954
522:
413:
5455:
Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.
7079:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
891:Texeira, Erin; Press, Associated (March 17, 2005).
430:, as the first black chairman of the commission. A
6514:Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite
6327:President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
5891:Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany
1341:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: Reports on Voting
828:
801:
6219:U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
756:"U.S. Commission on Civil Rights - Commissioners"
122:) is a bipartisan, independent commission of the
10232:
8966:Native American recognition in the United States
7040:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
6343:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
3030:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
1252:
1250:
985:"Civil Rights Panel Has Gone Wrong, Critics Say"
6361:Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act
5498:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
3075:Black players in professional American football
3025:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1393:Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review
645:"Our Mission | U.S. Commission on Civil Rights"
504:New Black Panther Party voter intimidation case
5651:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, San Francisco
4976:King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis
201:(appointed by President Joe Biden, March 2023)
9363:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
7547:
7354:Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
6889:
6603:Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)
6541:Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport
6458:Republican Party presidential primaries (1948
5754:
4922:Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act
4916:U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations
4460:Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?
4288:
3955:
1921:
1466:
1247:
1222:"Arthur Fletcher, G.O.P. Adviser, Dies at 80"
1219:
476:Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act
337:, President of the University of Notre Dame;
284:
5687:Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library, San Jose
2788:Historically black colleges and universities
1782:Third World Liberation Front strikes of 1968
1633:1968 Democratic National Convention protests
890:
434:graduate, he was a conservative who opposed
7451:Democratic backsliding in the United States
7089:Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act
6321:People to People Student Ambassador Program
6097:Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization
5237:Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story
4316:Speeches, writings, movements, and protests
775:See President's Committee on Civil Rights,
418:In 1977 the Commission produced the report
7561:
7554:
7540:
6896:
6882:
5761:
5747:
5656:Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (Compton)
4302:
4295:
4281:
3962:
3948:
1928:
1914:
1473:
1459:
1399:SAMUEL G. FREEDMAN, "50 Years of Struggle"
982:
197:(D) - Ralph Whitworth Professor of Law at
8976:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
6483:United States Presidential election (1952
5006:The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306
3969:
3005:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
1657:1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia
1563:Human rights movement in the Soviet Union
1174:
1109:
1107:
893:"Uncertainty envelops civil rights panel"
496:the expansion of federal hate crimes laws
293:, which was signed into law by President
10241:United States Commission on Civil Rights
6578:Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center
6403:Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960
5768:
5719:Civil rights movement in popular culture
5525:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
5447:Civil rights movement in popular culture
4516:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1742:Occupation of the Student Union Building
1338:Gabriel J. Chin & Lori Wagner eds.,
886:
884:
829:Samuel G. Freedman (February 12, 2009).
822:
674:United States Commission on Civil Rights
617:
33:United States Commission on Civil Rights
10276:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
10246:1957 establishments in Washington, D.C.
9027:List of counties and county equivalents
7096:National Voter Registration Act of 1993
7052:Title I of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
4364:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
604:
163:Speaker of the House of Representatives
14:
10233:
7333:United States Virgin Islands residents
3904:Topics related to the African diaspora
3010:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
1895:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1578:Northern Ireland civil rights movement
1447:(1977 report issued by the commission)
1300:, New York: Random House Digital, 2009
1104:
792:(Michigan State University Press 1968)
790:The Civil Rights Commission, 1957–1965
345:, a Department of Labor attorney; and
297:in response to a recommendation by an
269:New York's 17th Congressional District
7535:
6877:
5742:
5486:
4955:
4876:
4597:
4314:
4276:
3943:
3884:Landmark African-American legislation
1935:
1909:
1454:
1435:Legislative History of the Commission
1256:
1220:O'Donnell, Michelle (July 14, 2005).
1113:
1008:
881:
267:(D) - Former U.S. Representative for
6926:House Electors Qualifications Clause
6536:Eisenhower Executive Office Building
6473:Republican National Convention (1952
5908:Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952
4228:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
3015:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
1697:Columbia University protests of 1968
1687:Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968
1496:1968–69 Japanese university protests
1480:
1371:(2019). University Press of Kansas.
318:As then-Senator and Majority Leader
6704:Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower
5697:Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.
3369:African-American Vernacular English
1175:McQuiston, John T. (June 6, 1988).
159:President pro tempore of the Senate
24:
10271:Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower
10266:United States national commissions
7323:Northern Mariana Islands residents
6905:Voting rights in the United States
6390:Student loans in the United States
6165:National Aeronautics and Space Act
5600:Statues of Martin Luther King Jr.
5487:
5336:King Dream Chorus and Holiday Crew
4892:(now National Civil Rights Museum)
3981:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
3287:U.S. cities with large populations
2990:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
1287:
701:. Congressional Research Service.
523:List of Chairpersons, 1958–present
414:Reagan and Clinton administrations
289:The commission was created by the
171:Presidential appointees (2D, 2R):
25:
10287:
10256:Organizations established in 1957
8372:Director of National Intelligence
7084:Federal Voting Assistance Program
6526:Eisenhower National Historic Site
6286:Federal Voting Assistance Program
6264:Air Pollution Control Act of 1955
5836:1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy
5151:Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK
4877:
2160:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
2156:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
1963:African American founding fathers
1722:March of the One Hundred Thousand
1409:
693:
8528:Government Accountability Office
7491:Ranked-choice voting in the U.S.
7408:Women's poll tax repeal movement
6857:
6856:
6242:Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954
5464:King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.
5343:"By the Time I Get to Arizona" (
4412:Second Emancipation Proclamation
4261:Civil rights movement portal
4254:
3922:
3040:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
2185:Nadir of American race relations
1616:
199:Georgetown University Law School
148:
124:United States federal government
38:
7035:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
6953:Privileges or Immunities Clause
6793:Eisenhower baseball controversy
6338:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
6298:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
6160:EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958
5871:People of Western Europe speech
5793:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
5596:Safe House Black History Museum
5515:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
2046:Civil rights movement 1954–1968
2036:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
1880:Segregation in Northern Ireland
1418:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
1213:
1209:Resume of William Barclay Allen
1202:
1168:
1157:
1144:
1133:
1114:Klein, Alyson (June 16, 2017).
1078:
1053:
1028:
1002:
976:
950:
935:
910:
861:
848:
452:
447:Americans with Disabilities Act
341:, former governor of Virginia;
116:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
10171:Separation of church and state
8387:National Reconnaissance Office
8330:President of the United States
7313:District of Columbia residents
7243:Multiple non-transferable vote
7166:Voter registration in the U.S.
7111:Election Assistance Commission
6931:Congressional Elections Clause
6379:National Defense Education Act
6350:Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957
5866:June 6, 1944, order of the day
5851:European Theater of Operations
5785:President of the United States
5570:U.S. Capitol Rotunda sculpture
4548:Mississippi March Against Fear
3035:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
2041:Civil right movement 1896–1954
1257:Vogel, Ed (February 9, 2014).
795:
782:
769:
748:
723:
709:
687:
662:
637:
314:special civil rights problems.
249:(first appointed by President
247:National Labor Relations Board
155:President of the United States
13:
1:
7496:National Voting Rights Museum
7106:Help America Vote Act of 2002
6660:Backstairs at the White House
6531:Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial
6355:Little Rock Nine intervention
6247:Internal Revenue Code of 1954
5271:March! For Martin Luther King
4492:Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
3215:Cherokee freedmen controversy
2191:The Negro Motorist Green Book
1667:1968 Red Square demonstration
805:Feminism for the Health of It
630:
8533:Government Publishing Office
8001:Technological and industrial
7359:Timeline of women's suffrage
6623:Other tributes and memorials
5901:European Advisory Commission
5535:National Civil Rights Museum
5530:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
4373:I've Been to the Mountaintop
1647:1968 Polish political crisis
1603:West German student movement
1528:Black Consciousness Movement
1164:National Council of Churches
1090:Center for American Progress
1009:Smith, Ben (July 16, 2010).
271:(first appointed by Speaker
205:Senate appointees (1D, 1I):
18:U.S. Civil Rights Commission
7:
10005:Women's reproductive health
8971:Federally recognized tribes
8834:Public utilities commission
8738:Public Health Service Corps
8641:Code of Federal Regulations
8523:Congressional Budget Office
8377:Central Intelligence Agency
8283:Water supply and sanitation
7710:Declaration of Independence
7413:History of direct democracy
7403:Selma to Montgomery marches
7146:Initiatives and referendums
6816:Introduction to Outer Space
6804:And I don't care what it is
6618:Places named for Eisenhower
6201:Outer Continental Shelf Act
6022:Military–industrial complex
5672:sculpture, Portland, Oregon
5662:Landmark for Peace Memorial
5387:"Symphony of Brotherhood" (
5310:Pride (In the Name of Love)
4532:Selma to Montgomery marches
4431:Letter from Birmingham Jail
3085:Black players in ice hockey
3020:National Urban League (NUL)
2846:American Society of Muslims
2084:Selma to Montgomery marches
2004:Brown v. Board of Education
1853:Racism in the United States
1818:Counterculture of the 1960s
1639:The whole world is watching
1608:Women's liberation movement
802:Heide, Wilma Scott (2014).
582:Martin R. Castro, 2011–2016
378:Brown v. Board of Education
238:House appointees (1D, 1R):
10:
10292:
9183:Red states and blue states
9088:City commission government
9083:Council–manager government
7233:First-past-the-post voting
7003:U.S. Department of Justice
6069:Korean Armistice Agreement
6040:Presidential Proclamations
5947:State of the Union Address
5801:Chief of Staff of the Army
5560:Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity
5503:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
5284:Martin Luther King's Dream
4598:
3242:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
3000:Nashville Student Movement
2011:Children of the plantation
670:"Biography-Rochelle Garza"
428:Clarence M. Pendleton, Jr.
285:Creation and early history
279:
10192:
10018:
9891:
9823:
9476:
9472:
9463:
9411:
9276:
9267:
9163:
9134:
9111:
9050:
9017:
9008:
8951:
8939:Comparison of governments
8914:
8877:
8854:
8770:
8750:
8681:
8619:
8541:
8464:
8322:
8313:
8309:
8300:
8022:
8013:
7958:
7918:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
7759:drafting and ratification
7732:Articles of Confederation
7645:
7579:
7570:
7421:
7369:Woman Suffrage Procession
7341:
7260:
7225:
7179:
7128:
7121:
7057:Voting Rights Act of 1965
6993:
6911:
6835:
6785:
6694:
6631:
6583:Eisenhower Medical Center
6496:
6453:Draft Eisenhower movement
6445:
6426:
6303:Interstate Highway System
6230:National Wool Act of 1954
6187:
6119:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
6081:"Chance for Peace" speech
6048:
5916:
5856:Allied invasion of Sicily
5819:
5776:
5713:America in the King Years
5493:
5482:
5438:
5248:
5227:
5176:
5067:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4951:
4885:
4872:
4707:
4608:
4604:
4593:
4567:Memphis sanitation strike
4471:
4383:
4325:
4321:
4310:
4243:
4220:
4004:
3988:
3977:
3912:
3879:Index of related articles
3757:
3672:
3396:
3329:
3267:
3167:
3128:
3060:
3053:
2968:
2888:
2880:Doctrine of Father Divine
2826:
2768:
2417:
2272:
2264:Women's suffrage movement
2217:Reconstruction Amendments
2024:Voting Rights Act of 1965
1943:
1795:
1732:Memphis sanitation strike
1625:
1614:
1513:1968 movement in Pakistan
1488:
1445:Sex Bias in the U.S. Code
1154:Knopf, 2009. pp. 134-140.
808:. BookBaby. p. 178.
553:Clarence M. Pendleton Jr.
420:Sex Bias in the U.S. Code
396:Voting Rights Act of 1965
96:
79:
69:
51:
46:
37:
9958:Prescription drug prices
9078:Mayor–council government
9068:Coterminous municipality
9058:Consolidated city-county
8824:Agriculture commissioner
8474:House of Representatives
8382:National Security Agency
8032:Contiguous United States
7308:American Samoa residents
7047:Civil Rights Act of 1960
7030:Civil Rights Act of 1957
6654:(1949 television series)
6408:Civil Rights Act of 1960
6333:Civil Rights Act of 1957
6292:Bank Holding Company Act
6269:Agricultural Act of 1956
6225:Agricultural Act of 1954
6076:1953 Iranian coup d'état
5520:National Historical Park
5258:Abraham, Martin and John
4736:(strategist / colleague)
4540:Chicago Freedom Movement
3929:United States portal
3364:African-American English
2793:Inventors and scientists
2485:George Washington Carver
2089:Chicago Freedom Movement
1712:King assassination riots
1672:1968 uprising in Senegal
1568:Mexican Movement of 1968
1264:Las Vegas Review-Journal
962:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
498:. In 2010, Commissioner
400:Fair Housing Act of 1968
392:Civil Rights Act of 1964
388:Civil Rights Act of 1960
291:Civil Rights Act of 1957
128:Civil Rights Act of 1957
10043:Criticism of government
9388:Social welfare programs
8981:State-recognized tribes
7966:Outline of U.S. history
7678:Continental Association
7013:Enforcement Act of 1870
6948:Equal Protection Clause
6676:Ike: Countdown to D-Day
6257:Small Watershed Program
5702:King County, Washington
5555:FBI–King suicide letter
4127:Delano Herman Middleton
3852:African-American firsts
2901:Back-to-Africa movement
2870:Black Hebrew Israelites
2650:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
2198:Partus sequitur ventrem
214:University of San Diego
140:Rochelle Mercedes Garza
10105:Environmental movement
9948:Health insurance costs
9843:Educational attainment
9368:Federal Reserve System
9326:Science and technology
8829:Insurance commissioner
8367:Intelligence Community
8062:minor outlying islands
7825:Civil rights movement
7018:Second Enforcement Act
6546:Eisenhower Fellowships
5861:Armistice of Cassibile
5565:Season for Nonviolence
5378:"Never Alone Martin" (
5100:"Great X-Pectations" (
5036:King in the Wilderness
4657:Martin Luther King Sr.
4633:Martin Luther King III
4575:Poor People's Campaign
4524:St. Augustine movement
4484:Montgomery bus boycott
4304:Martin Luther King Jr.
4097:Martin Luther King Jr.
3820:Spingarn Medal winners
3309:States and territories
3080:Black NFL quarterbacks
2580:Martin Luther King Jr.
2112:Dred Scott v. Sandford
2051:Montgomery bus boycott
1838:Antisemitism in Poland
1747:Poor People's Campaign
1682:Battle of Valle Giulia
1652:1968 protests in Egypt
1538:Black Power Revolution
1508:1968 movement in Italy
831:"50 Years of Struggle"
777:To Secure These Rights
483:and Native Hawaiians.
472:
316:
57:; 67 years ago
55:September 9, 1957
10261:Civil rights movement
9931:Immigrant health care
9446:Transportation safety
9441:Transportation policy
9431:Public transportation
8501:President pro tempore
8357:Executive departments
8126:National Park Service
7781:Territorial evolution
7471:Elections in the U.S.
7328:Puerto Rico residents
7067:covered jurisdictions
6810:Atoms for Peace Award
6746:Ida Stover Eisenhower
6742:(great-granddaughter)
6315:Fish and Wildlife Act
6195:Executive Order 10479
6004:Judicial appointments
5896:Disarmed Enemy Forces
4673:Christine King Farris
4665:Alberta Williams King
4450:Conscience for Change
4393:Stride Toward Freedom
4248:Civil Rights Movement
4234:Mississippi Cold Case
3971:Civil Rights Memorial
3130:Athletic associations
3065:Negro league baseball
2836:African-American Jews
2555:Ketanji Brown Jackson
2520:Henry Highland Garnet
2379:Negro National Anthem
2129:George Floyd protests
2094:Post–civil rights era
1868:Years of Lead (Italy)
1523:Anti-nuclear movement
1518:Civil Rights Movement
1322:Gabriel J. Chin ed.,
1150:Berry, Mary Frances.
618:Commission operations
467:
364:, who was elected as
303:
10100:Environmental issues
9765:Political ideologies
9664:Indigenous languages
8864:List of legislatures
8661:separation of powers
8362:Independent agencies
8288:World Heritage Sites
7923:September 11 attacks
7846:Spanish–American War
7786:Mexican–American War
7742:Confederation period
7673:Continental Congress
6776:Milton S. Eisenhower
6734:Mary Jean Eisenhower
6593:Eisenhower Golf Club
6551:Eisenhower Institute
6397:Hawaii Admission Act
6385:Federal Perkins Loan
6373:Humane Slaughter Act
6367:Alaska Statehood Act
6235:Special Milk Program
5770:Dwight D. Eisenhower
5724:Lee–Jackson–King Day
5677:Kennedy–King College
5136:"Return of the King"
4057:Roman Ducksworth Jr.
4027:Johnnie Mae Chappell
3337:Afro-Seminole Creole
2863:Azusa Street Revival
2735:Booker T. Washington
2259:Underground Railroad
2124:Free people of color
1978:Atlantic slave trade
1863:Second-wave feminism
1803:1968 Summer Olympics
1737:Miss America protest
1573:Movement of 22 March
1533:Black power movement
1354:Urofsky, Melvin I.
854:Mary Frances Berry.
788:Foster Rhea Dulles,
731:"Public Law 103-419"
605:Commission structure
543:, 1972–1974 (Acting)
422:. In 1981 President
383:Nashville, Tennessee
295:Dwight D. Eisenhower
9943:Health care finance
9436:Rail transportation
9202:Imperial presidency
8924:State constitutions
8869:List of legislators
8819:Auditor/Comptroller
8792:Lieutenant governor
8518:Library of Congress
8409:Diplomatic Security
8052:Indian reservations
7715:American Revolution
6758:Edgar N. Eisenhower
6573:U.S. Postage stamps
6556:Eisenhower Monument
6213:Submerged Lands Act
6058:Eisenhower Doctrine
5881:Operation Veritable
5841:Louisiana Maneuvers
5589:Hope Moving Forward
5354:Shed a Little Light
5117:New York Undercover
5112:"The Promised Land"
4939:Conspiracy theories
4720:(mentor, colleague)
4508:Birmingham campaign
4177:Henry Ezekial Smith
4147:Mack Charles Parker
4142:William Lewis Moore
4132:Charles Eddie Moore
4122:Carol Denise McNair
3732:Trinidad and Tobago
3347:Black American Sign
3174:By African descent
3168:Ethnic subdivisions
3155:Southwestern (SWAC)
3070:Baseball color line
2985:Black Panther Party
2889:Political movements
2806:in computer science
2465:Carol Moseley Braun
2254:Tulsa race massacre
2247:Treatment of slaves
2079:March on Washington
2074:Birmingham movement
1787:Tlatelolco massacre
1702:Delano grape strike
1692:Central Park be-ins
1548:Cultural Revolution
1092:. December 15, 2016
964:. December 20, 2018
947:(September 5, 2007)
874:The Washington Post
586:Catherine E. Lhamon
339:John Stewart Battle
34:
10053:affirmative action
10026:Capital punishment
9985:Poverty and health
9980:Physician shortage
9953:Health care prices
9883:Standard of living
9566:standard of living
9373:Financial position
9000:Hawaiian home land
8988:Indian reservation
8961:Tribal sovereignty
8804:Secretary of state
8673:United States Code
8589:Territorial courts
8561:Associate Justices
8446:Inspector generals
7933:War in Afghanistan
7796:Reconstruction era
7663:Stamp Act Congress
7516:Voter registration
7392:Give Us the Ballot
7288:Transgender people
7192:Grandfather clause
7156:Provisional ballot
6770:Earl D. Eisenhower
6598:Eisenhower Theater
6308:Highway Trust Fund
6207:Refugee Relief Act
6107:1955 Geneva Summit
6030:Kennedy transition
5886:Berlin Declaration
5583:sculpture, Atlanta
5367:Up to the Mountain
5154:(2011 documentary)
5127:Selma, Lord, Selma
5049:(2020 documentary)
5039:(2018 documentary)
5009:(2008 documentary)
4986:Our Friend, Martin
4979:(1970 documentary)
4822:Fred Shuttlesworth
4617:Coretta Scott King
4355:How Long, Not Long
4337:Give Us the Ballot
4087:Jimmie Lee Jackson
4082:Samuel Hammond Jr.
4052:Henry Hezekiah Dee
3830:US representatives
3825:US cabinet members
3717:Dominican Republic
3304:Metropolitan areas
3145:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
2970:Civic and economic
2948:Self-determination
2769:Education, science
2690:Fred Shuttlesworth
2670:A. Philip Randolph
2575:Coretta Scott King
2500:Frederick Douglass
2327:Harlem Renaissance
2232:Separate but equal
2222:Reconstruction era
2210:Plessy v. Ferguson
2101:Cornerstone Speech
2015:Civil Rights Acts
1998:Black Lives Matter
1973:American Civil War
1727:May 1968 in France
1707:East L.A. walkouts
1588:Red Power movement
1226:The New York Times
1181:The New York Times
922:archive.boston.com
736:. October 25, 1994
577:Gerald A. Reynolds
571:Mary Frances Berry
547:Arthur S. Flemming
500:Abigail Thernstrom
436:affirmative action
183:J. Christian Adams
32:
10228:
10227:
10188:
10187:
10184:
10183:
10154:National security
9863:Income inequality
9743:Statue of Liberty
9546:income inequality
9459:
9458:
9451:Trucking industry
9263:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9190:Foreign relations
9178:Electoral College
9159:
9158:
8947:
8946:
8899:District attorney
8746:
8745:
8573:Courts of appeals
8296:
8295:
8009:
8008:
7950:COVID-19 pandemic
7903:Feminist Movement
7749:American frontier
7668:Thirteen Colonies
7529:
7528:
7476:Electoral College
7298:African Americans
7256:
7255:
7248:One man, one vote
7217:Voter suppression
6871:
6870:
6848:John F. Kennedy →
6841:← Harry S. Truman
6752:Arthur Eisenhower
6740:Jennie Eisenhower
6670:(1979 miniseries)
6662:(1979 miniseries)
6652:Crusade in Europe
6641:Eisenhower jacket
6588:Eisenhower Trophy
6561:Eisenhower dollar
6435:Crusade in Europe
6422:
6421:
6279:Soil Bank Program
6112:1960 U-2 incident
5942:1957 inauguration
5937:1953 inauguration
5876:Normandy landings
5736:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5707:Eponymous streets
5550:Authorship issues
5478:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5240:(1957 comic book)
5103:A Different World
5080:(1978 miniseries)
4947:
4946:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4758:Bernard Lafayette
4689:James Albert King
4589:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4440:Why We Can't Wait
4270:
4269:
4207:Ben Chester White
4197:Virgil Lamar Ware
4172:Michael Schwerner
4037:Addie Mae Collins
3937:
3936:
3765:African Americans
3637:Dallas–Fort Worth
3232:Black Southerners
3163:
3162:
2615:Thurgood Marshall
2585:Bernard Lafayette
2180:Million Man March
1937:African Americans
1903:
1902:
1858:School discipline
1777:Takeover of Vanha
1593:Sexual revolution
1366:Golland, David H.
1350:978-0-8377-3103-2
1334:978-0-8377-3104-9
1318:978-0-8377-3105-6
1140:Hesburgh timeline
941:See Gail Heriot,
897:Houston Chronicle
535:Theodore Hesburgh
492:Voting Rights Act
432:Howard University
362:George C. Wallace
335:Theodore Hesburgh
320:Lyndon B. Johnson
261:, December 2019).
243:Peter N. Kirsanow
224:, December 2013).
126:, created by the
112:
111:
27:Government agency
16:(Redirected from
10283:
10208:
10201:
10088:African American
9970:Health insurance
9858:Household income
9728:National symbols
9659:American English
9632:Federal holidays
9541:household income
9474:
9473:
9470:
9469:
9274:
9273:
9212:Anti-Americanism
9136:Special district
9063:Independent city
9032:County executive
9015:
9014:
8809:Attorney general
8768:
8767:
8757:Federal District
8340:Executive Office
8320:
8319:
8311:
8310:
8307:
8306:
8067:populated places
8047:federal enclaves
8042:federal district
8020:
8019:
7883:American Century
7866:Great Depression
7861:Roaring Twenties
7821:Women's suffrage
7700:Halifax Resolves
7693:Founding Fathers
7688:military history
7653:Pre-colonial era
7577:
7576:
7556:
7549:
7542:
7533:
7532:
7486:Electoral system
7481:Electoral reform
7456:Disfranchisement
7444:Native Americans
7434:Campaign finance
7379:U.S. suffragists
7374:Silent Sentinels
7303:Native Americans
7126:
7125:
7023:Ku Klux Klan Act
7008:Enforcement Acts
6898:
6891:
6884:
6875:
6874:
6860:
6859:
6728:Susan Eisenhower
6716:David Eisenhower
6613:Mount Eisenhower
6046:
6045:
6035:Executive Orders
6016:Farewell address
5812:
5804:
5796:
5788:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5740:
5739:
5644:Pueblo, Colorado
5575:Oval Office bust
5484:
5483:
5467:
5458:
5449:
5431:
5419:
5402:
5392:
5383:
5374:
5361:
5348:
5339:
5326:
5317:
5304:
5291:
5278:
5265:
5241:
5220:
5210:
5200:
5190:
5169:
5155:
5145:
5131:
5121:
5107:
5096:
5081:
5060:
5050:
5040:
5030:
5020:
5010:
5000:
4990:
4980:
4964:
4963:
4953:
4952:
4874:
4873:
4857:
4849:
4841:
4833:
4825:
4817:
4809:
4801:
4793:
4785:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4753:
4745:
4737:
4729:
4721:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4606:
4605:
4595:
4594:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4503:
4495:
4487:
4464:
4454:
4444:
4434:
4425:
4421:Strength to Love
4415:
4406:
4397:
4376:
4367:
4358:
4349:
4340:
4323:
4322:
4312:
4311:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4259:
4258:
4212:Sammy Younge Jr.
4167:Carole Robertson
4102:Bruce W. Klunder
4092:Wharlest Jackson
4047:Jonathan Daniels
3964:
3957:
3950:
3941:
3940:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3889:Lynching victims
3388:Louisiana Creole
3359:American English
3247:Louisiana Creole
3220:Choctaw freedmen
3058:
3057:
2595:Huddie Ledbetter
2535:Fannie Lou Hamer
2505:W. E. B. Du Bois
2495:Claudette Colvin
2490:Shirley Chisholm
2307:Family structure
2175:Military history
2057:Browder v. Gayle
1930:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1885:Student activism
1620:
1543:Chicano Movement
1482:Protests of 1968
1475:
1468:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1421:
1420:
1405:12 February 2009
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1271:on March 3, 2017
1267:. Archived from
1254:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1217:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
954:
948:
939:
933:
932:
930:
928:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
888:
879:
878:
865:
859:
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
826:
820:
819:
799:
793:
786:
780:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
752:
746:
745:
743:
741:
735:
727:
721:
720:
713:
707:
706:
700:
694:Laney, Garrine.
691:
685:
684:
682:
680:
666:
660:
659:
657:
655:
641:
559:William B. Allen
481:Native Americans
347:Doyle E. Carlton
275:, December 2022)
108:
105:
103:
80:Agency executive
74:Washington, D.C.
65:
63:
58:
42:
35:
31:
21:
10291:
10290:
10286:
10285:
10284:
10282:
10281:
10280:
10231:
10230:
10229:
10224:
10211:
10204:
10197:
10180:
10166:Opioid epidemic
10083:Native American
10063:intersex rights
10014:
10010:Life expectancy
10000:Medical deserts
9990:Race and health
9887:
9873:Personal income
9819:
9723:National anthem
9556:personal income
9521:Economic issues
9455:
9407:
9255:
9155:
9144:School district
9130:
9113:Minor divisions
9107:
9046:
9004:
8943:
8929:Statutory codes
8910:
8873:
8850:
8760:
8755:
8742:
8677:
8634:civil liberties
8615:
8606:Other tribunals
8585:District courts
8537:
8496:current members
8479:current members
8460:
8394:Law enforcement
8292:
8005:
7954:
7945:Great Recession
7816:Progressive Era
7806:Native genocide
7737:Perpetual Union
7725:Treaty of Paris
7683:United Colonies
7641:
7566:
7560:
7530:
7525:
7417:
7337:
7252:
7221:
7187:Electoral fraud
7175:
7171:Voting in space
7161:Recall election
7136:Absentee ballot
7117:
6995:
6989:
6913:
6907:
6902:
6872:
6867:
6831:
6781:
6736:(granddaughter)
6730:(granddaughter)
6724:(granddaughter)
6722:Anne Eisenhower
6710:John Eisenhower
6690:
6646:Eisenhower Tree
6633:
6627:
6608:Fort Eisenhower
6492:
6441:
6418:
6188:Domestic policy
6183:
6129:Restricted Data
6124:Atoms for Peace
6102:New Look policy
6044:
5920:
5912:
5846:Operation Torch
5831:Military career
5822:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5791:
5780:
5772:
5767:
5737:
5728:
5591:statue, Atlanta
5489:
5470:
5461:
5452:
5445:
5434:
5422:
5405:
5395:
5386:
5377:
5364:
5351:
5342:
5329:
5320:
5307:
5294:
5281:
5268:
5255:
5244:
5234:
5223:
5213:
5203:
5196:The Mountaintop
5193:
5183:
5172:
5158:
5148:
5134:
5124:
5110:
5099:
5087:The First Store
5084:
5074:
5063:
5053:
5043:
5033:
5023:
5013:
5003:
4993:
4989:(1999 animated)
4983:
4973:
4958:
4943:
4881:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4718:Ralph Abernathy
4716:
4709:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4647:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4615:
4600:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4500:Albany Movement
4498:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4467:
4457:
4447:
4437:
4428:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4390:
4379:
4370:
4361:
4352:
4343:
4334:
4317:
4306:
4301:
4271:
4266:
4253:
4239:
4216:
4192:Clarence Triggs
4162:John Earl Reese
4017:Willie Brewster
4000:
3984:
3973:
3968:
3938:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3908:
3874:Historic places
3867:US state firsts
3753:
3668:
3392:
3325:
3297:2010 majorities
3292:2000 majorities
3263:
3210:Black Seminoles
3159:
3150:Southern (SIAC)
3133:
3132:and conferences
3131:
3124:
3120:Serena Williams
3115:Jackie Robinson
3049:
2973:
2971:
2964:
2884:
2851:Nation of Islam
2822:
2770:
2764:
2705:Sojourner Truth
2695:Clarence Thomas
2660:Gabriel Prosser
2560:Michael Jackson
2435:Crispus Attucks
2425:Ralph Abernathy
2413:
2369:Musical theater
2268:
2134:Great Migration
2106:COVID-19 impact
2064:Sit-in movement
1939:
1934:
1904:
1899:
1808:Anti-capitalism
1791:
1757:Presidio mutiny
1662:1968 Miami riot
1621:
1612:
1558:Hippie movement
1484:
1479:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1403:New York Times,
1304:Gabriel J. Chin
1290:
1288:Further reading
1285:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1255:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1112:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
981:
977:
967:
965:
956:
955:
951:
940:
936:
926:
924:
916:
915:
911:
901:
899:
889:
882:
867:
866:
862:
853:
849:
839:
837:
827:
823:
816:
800:
796:
787:
783:
774:
770:
760:
758:
754:
753:
749:
739:
737:
733:
729:
728:
724:
715:
714:
710:
698:
692:
688:
678:
676:
668:
667:
663:
653:
651:
643:
642:
638:
633:
620:
607:
565:Arthur Fletcher
541:J. Stephen Horn
525:
455:
416:
370:white supremacy
287:
282:
228:Glenn Magpantay
195:Victoria Nourse
151:
100:
92:
61:
59:
56:
47:Agency overview
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10289:
10279:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10222:
10217:
10210:
10209:
10202:
10194:
10193:
10190:
10189:
10186:
10185:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10162:
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10122:Mass shootings
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10110:Climate change
10107:
10097:
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10048:Discrimination
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9838:American Dream
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9807:
9805:Transportation
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9738:Mount Rushmore
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9358:Federal budget
9355:
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9328:
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9318:
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9296:Communications
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9217:exceptionalism
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9204:
9199:
9198:
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9195:foreign policy
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8892:Chief justices
8887:Supreme courts
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8726:National Guard
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8638:
8637:
8636:
8629:Bill of Rights
8625:
8623:
8617:
8616:
8614:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8602:
8601:
8599:list of judges
8596:
8594:list of courts
8582:
8581:
8580:
8578:list of judges
8570:
8569:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8547:
8545:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8535:
8530:
8525:
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8513:Capitol Police
8510:
8509:
8508:
8503:
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8488:
8487:
8486:
8481:
8470:
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8434:Secret Service
8431:
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8406:
8401:
8391:
8390:
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8379:
8374:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8347:Vice President
8344:
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8326:
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8131:National Parks
8123:
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8101:
8091:
8086:
8084:Extreme points
8081:
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7771:Federalist Era
7768:
7767:
7766:
7764:Bill of Rights
7761:
7751:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7739:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7722:
7712:
7707:
7705:Lee Resolution
7702:
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7405:
7400:
7398:Freedom Summer
7395:
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7371:
7366:
7364:Suffrage Hikes
7361:
7356:
7351:
7345:
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7330:
7325:
7320:
7318:Guam residents
7315:
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7238:Gerrymandering
7235:
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6988:
6987:
6985:26th Amendment
6982:
6980:24th Amendment
6977:
6975:23rd Amendment
6972:
6970:19th Amendment
6967:
6965:17th Amendment
6962:
6960:15th Amendment
6957:
6956:
6955:
6950:
6943:14th Amendment
6940:
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6928:
6917:
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6912:Constitutional
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6807:
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6789:
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6764:Roy Eisenhower
6761:
6755:
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6141:Food for Peace
6133:
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6126:
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6094:
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6054:
6052:
6050:Foreign policy
6043:
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5664:, Indianapolis
5658:
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5585:
5581:Homage to King
5577:
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5490:
5488:Related topics
5480:
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5420:
5403:
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5327:
5318:
5305:
5297:Happy Birthday
5292:
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5266:
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5250:
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5092:The Jeffersons
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4908:
4906:James Earl Ray
4903:
4898:
4893:
4890:Lorraine Motel
4886:
4883:
4882:
4870:
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4866:
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4859:
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4850:
4846:Hosea Williams
4842:
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4742:Dorothy Cotton
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4359:
4350:
4346:I Have a Dream
4341:
4331:
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4285:
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4202:Cynthia Wesley
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4072:Andrew Goodman
4069:
4064:
4062:Willie Edwards
4059:
4054:
4049:
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4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4022:Benjamin Brown
4019:
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3840:Visual artists
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3800:Mathematicians
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3617:South Carolina
3614:
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3587:North Carolina
3584:
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3582:
3572:
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3532:Massachusetts
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3376:
3374:social context
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3256:
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3239:
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3225:Creek Freedmen
3222:
3217:
3212:
3202:
3200:Alabama Creole
3197:
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3195:
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2816:in STEM fields
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2771:and technology
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2069:Freedom Riders
2066:
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2026:
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2013:
2008:
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1993:Black genocide
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598:Rochelle Garza
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368:in support of
343:Ernest Wilkins
331:John A. Hannah
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251:George W. Bush
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8611:U.S. attorney
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8119:Sierra Nevada
8117:
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8057:insular zones
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7928:War on Terror
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7908:LGBT Movement
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7563:United States
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7506:Secret ballot
7504:
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7501:Redistricting
7499:
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7432:
7430:
7429:Ballot access
7427:
7426:
7424:
7420:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7340:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7226:Vote dilution
7224:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7212:Voter ID laws
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7197:Literacy test
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7178:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7151:Postal voting
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7120:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6992:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6938:1st Amendment
6936:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6910:
6906:
6899:
6894:
6892:
6887:
6885:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6864:
6863:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6845:
6843:
6842:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6828:
6827:Kay Summersby
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6630:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6566:commemorative
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6362:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6274:Soil Bank Act
6272:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6179:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6092:Domino theory
6090:
6089:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6009:Supreme Court
6007:
6006:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5919:
5915:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5818:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5764:
5759:
5757:
5752:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5485:
5481:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5390:
5385:
5381:
5376:
5372:
5371:Patti Griffin
5368:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5328:
5324:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5302:
5301:Stevie Wonder
5298:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5142:
5141:The Boondocks
5137:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4954:
4950:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4879:Assassination
4875:
4871:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4814:Bayard Rustin
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4790:Benjamin Mays
4787:
4783:
4782:Joseph Lowery
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4750:Jesse Jackson
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4698:
4694:
4691:(grandfather)
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4596:
4592:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4470:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4107:George W. Lee
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4042:Vernon Dahmer
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3930:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3899:Neighborhoods
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3862:Sports firsts
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3664:West Virginia
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:Pennsylvania
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3580:New York City
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3424:San Francisco
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:By state/city
3395:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:American Sign
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:Neighborhoods
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3205:Black Indians
3203:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Black schools
2781:
2779:
2778:Black studies
2776:
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2760:Whitney Young
2758:
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2750:Oprah Winfrey
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717:"Termination"
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649:www.usccr.gov
646:
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424:Ronald Reagan
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234:, March 2023)
233:
232:Chuck Schumer
229:
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222:Patrick Leahy
219:
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156:
149:Commissioners
146:
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117:
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88:
85:
84:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
10137:Human rights
10117:Gun politics
10068:Islamophobia
10058:antisemitism
9926:Hospice care
9868:Middle class
9848:Homelessness
9825:Social class
9785:Social class
9649:Human rights
9639:Homelessness
9551:middle class
9516:Demographics
9491:Architecture
9398:Unemployment
9378:Labor unions
9126:Town meeting
9103:City council
9098:City manager
8839:State police
8701:Marine Corps
8691:Armed Forces
8666:civil rights
8646:Constitution
8218:Southwestern
8213:Southeastern
8203:Northwestern
8198:Northeastern
8163:Mid-Atlantic
8153:Great Plains
7871:World War II
7754:Constitution
7658:Colonial era
7637:2008–present
7466:Election law
7384:Publications
7293:Young adults
7207:Voter caging
7141:Early voting
7129:Voter access
7034:
6996:and agencies
6994:Federal laws
6855:
6846:
6839:
6822:Eddie Slovik
6814:
6683:
6675:
6667:
6659:
6651:
6519:Boyhood home
6504:Bibliography
6434:
6337:
6178:Operation 40
5711:
5669:
5661:
5588:
5580:
5462:
5453:
5426:(Common and
5401:(1995 album)
5396:
5389:Miri Ben-Ari
5358:James Taylor
5345:Public Enemy
5332:King Holiday
5235:
5214:
5204:
5194:
5184:
5165:
5159:
5149:
5139:
5125:
5115:
5101:
5090:
5076:
5054:
5044:
5034:
5025:
5014:
5004:
4995:
4984:
4974:
4911:Jack Kershaw
4854:Andrew Young
4838:Wyatt Walker
4830:C. T. Vivian
4806:James Orange
4766:James Lawson
4649:Bernice King
4625:Yolanda King
4559:War movement
4556:Anti-Vietnam
4475:and protests
4458:
4448:
4438:
4419:
4403:What Is Man?
4391:
4252:
4232:
4117:Viola Liuzzo
4077:Paul Guihard
4067:Medgar Evers
4032:James Chaney
3979:
3815:Sportspeople
3785:Billionaires
3702:Sierra Leone
3605:Philadelphia
3441:Jacksonville
3268:Demographics
3100:Jack Johnson
3090:Muhammad Ali
2923:Conservatism
2858:Black church
2755:Andrew Young
2740:Ida B. Wells
2730:David Walker
2725:C. T. Vivian
2680:Paul Robeson
2675:Hiram Revels
2655:Colin Powell
2635:Barack Obama
2590:James Lawson
2545:Jimi Hendrix
2515:James Farmer
2510:Medgar Evers
2480:Ralph Bunche
2430:Maya Angelou
2404:Middle class
2282:Afrofuturism
2208:
2196:
2189:
2110:
2055:
2002:
1968:Afrocentrism
1958:Abolitionism
1823:Flower power
1762:Rodney riots
1677:Båstad riots
1598:The Troubles
1402:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1368:
1355:
1340:
1324:
1308:
1292:
1291:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:the original
1262:
1237:. Retrieved
1225:
1215:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1180:
1170:
1159:
1151:
1146:
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1119:
1094:. Retrieved
1089:
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
988:
978:
968:December 21,
966:. Retrieved
961:
952:
943:
937:
925:. Retrieved
921:
912:
900:. Retrieved
896:
872:
863:
858:Knopf, 2009.
855:
850:
840:February 24,
838:. Retrieved
834:
824:
804:
797:
789:
784:
776:
771:
759:. Retrieved
750:
738:. Retrieved
725:
711:
702:
689:
677:. Retrieved
673:
664:
652:. Retrieved
648:
639:
625:
621:
612:
608:
517:
513:Michael Yaki
488:Barack Obama
485:
473:
468:
464:
456:
453:21st century
444:
440:
419:
417:
408:
404:
402:were built.
376:
374:
351:
328:
325:
317:
312:
308:
304:
298:
288:
273:Nancy Pelosi
237:
204:
179:, May 2020).
177:Donald Trump
170:
167:
152:
144:
136:civil rights
119:
115:
113:
70:Headquarters
29:
10142:Immigration
10073:LGBT rights
9975:Food safety
9810:Video games
9403:Wall Street
9383:Public debt
9286:Agriculture
9222:nationalism
8934:Uniform act
8856:Legislative
8763:Territorial
8721:Coast Guard
8716:Space Force
8466:Legislative
8261:Red (South)
8251:Mississippi
8173:New England
8109:Appalachian
8079:Earthquakes
7976:Discoveries
7971:Demographic
7913:Vietnam War
7856:World War I
7851:Imperialism
7801:Indian Wars
7776:War of 1812
7439:Citizenship
7180:Vote denial
6686:(2014 play)
6678:(2004 film)
6148:Suez Crisis
5811:(1943–1945)
5803:(1945–1948)
5795:(1951–1952)
5787:(1953–1961)
5634:Mexico City
5624:Jersey City
5428:John Legend
5380:Jason Upton
5228:Illustrated
5216:All the Way
5186:The Meeting
5059:(2023 film)
5029:(2016 film)
5026:All the Way
5019:(2014 film)
4999:(2001 film)
4927:Loyd Jowers
4856:(colleague)
4848:(colleague)
4840:(colleague)
4832:(colleague)
4824:(colleague)
4808:(colleague)
4800:(colleague)
4784:(colleague)
4776:(colleague)
4768:(colleague)
4760:(colleague)
4744:(colleague)
4734:James Bevel
4728:(colleague)
4697:Alveda King
4641:Dexter King
4526:(1963–1964)
4502:(1961–1962)
4486:(1955–1956)
4187:Emmett Till
4182:Lamar Smith
4152:Lemuel Penn
4137:Oneal Moore
4112:Herbert Lee
4012:Louis Allen
3835:US senators
3805:Republicans
3790:Journalists
3647:San Antonio
3612:Puerto Rico
3553:Mississippi
3446:Tallahassee
3419:Los Angeles
3110:Jesse Owens
3095:Arthur Ashe
2953:Nationalism
2943:Raised fist
2906:Black power
2811:in medicine
2745:Roy Wilkins
2700:Emmett Till
2685:Al Sharpton
2450:Julian Bond
2445:James Bevel
2409:Upper class
2399:Stereotypes
2292:Black mecca
2204:Plantations
1983:Black Codes
1890:Vietnam War
1813:Black power
1065:www.cnn.com
1040:www.cnn.com
779:154 (1947).
679:January 19,
594:, 2021–2023
588:, 2016–2021
579:, 2004–2011
573:, 1993–2004
567:, 1990–1993
561:, 1988–1989
555:, 1981–1988
549:, 1974–1981
537:, 1969–1972
531:, 1958–1969
508:Eric Holder
486:During the
259:Steny Hoyer
218:Robert Byrd
210:Gail Heriot
130:during the
10235:Categories
10176:Xenophobia
9965:Disability
9906:Healthcare
9815:Visual art
9760:Philosophy
9706:television
9696:newspapers
9686:journalism
9676:Literature
9588:attainment
9239:Republican
9234:Democratic
9207:Ideologies
9168:Corruption
8733:NOAA Corps
8656:preemption
8651:federalism
8266:Rio Grande
8168:Midwestern
8148:West Coast
8143:East Coast
7986:Inventions
7898:Space Race
7893:Korean War
7876:home front
7811:Gilded Age
7283:Foreigners
7122:State laws
7062:amendments
6914:provisions
6798:Camp David
6718:(grandson)
6509:Birthplace
6063:Korean War
5932:Transition
5918:Presidency
5692:Paris park
5414:featuring
5275:John Fahey
5068:Television
4798:Diane Nash
4774:John Lewis
4726:Ella Baker
4681:A. D. King
4651:(daughter)
4627:(daughter)
4157:James Reeb
3780:Astronauts
3570:New Jersey
3414:California
2918:Capitalism
2715:Nat Turner
2645:Rosa Parks
2630:Diane Nash
2600:John Lewis
2389:Newspapers
2359:Literature
2344:Juneteenth
2297:Businesses
2151:Exodusters
2119:Free Negro
1843:Hot Autumn
1395:447 (1987)
654:January 2,
631:References
354:Montgomery
132:Eisenhower
62:1957-09-09
10159:Terrorism
9936:Rationing
9833:Affluence
9780:Sexuality
9748:Uncle Sam
9654:Languages
9583:Education
9526:affluence
9486:Americana
9413:Transport
9311:Insurance
9301:Companies
9281:By sector
9173:Elections
8814:Treasurer
8772:Executive
8711:Air Force
8683:Uniformed
8506:President
8323:Executive
8094:Mountains
8027:Territory
8015:Geography
7839:1954–1968
7834:1896–1954
7829:1865–1896
7791:Civil War
7632:1991–2008
7627:1980–1991
7622:1964–1980
7617:1945–1964
7612:1917–1945
7607:1865–1917
7602:1849–1865
7597:1815–1849
7592:1789–1815
7587:1776–1789
7580:By period
6921:Article I
6778:(brother)
6772:(brother)
6766:(brother)
6760:(brother)
6754:(brother)
6446:Elections
6413:Sikes Act
5670:The Dream
5629:Milwaukee
5416:will.i.am
4816:(advisor)
4752:(protégé)
4683:(brother)
4473:Movements
3894:Monuments
3770:Activists
3622:Tennessee
3542:Michigan
3526:Baltimore
3516:Louisiana
3509:Lexington
3492:Davenport
3431:Cleveland
3330:Languages
3259:Melungeon
3237:Blaxicans
3105:Joe Louis
2960:Socialism
2896:Anarchism
2625:Bob Moses
2610:Malcolm X
2530:Fred Gray
2394:Soul food
2332:New Negro
2317:Folktales
2227:Redlining
1828:Free love
1489:Movements
1234:0362-4331
1189:0362-4331
761:April 27,
740:April 27,
10215:Category
9911:Abortion
9775:Religion
9733:Columbia
9691:internet
9627:Holidays
9622:Folklore
9593:literacy
9531:eviction
9421:Aviation
9393:Taxation
9348:Currency
9341:by state
9251:Scandals
9121:Township
8879:Judicial
8780:Governor
8543:Judicial
8429:Marshals
8302:Politics
8256:Missouri
8246:Columbia
8241:Colorado
8236:Arkansas
8229:Longest
8208:Southern
8193:Northern
8037:counties
7991:Military
7981:Economic
7959:By topic
7938:Iraq War
7888:Cold War
7646:By event
7511:Suffrage
7461:Election
7349:Timeline
7261:By group
7202:Poll tax
6862:Category
6748:(mother)
6684:Pressure
6087:Cold War
5923:timeline
5821:Military
4792:(mentor)
4675:(sister)
4667:(mother)
4659:(father)
4433:" (1963)
4405:" (1959)
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