660:
417:
672:
252:
485:, who served in Sanitary Commission. She supervised supplies, dressed wounds, and cooked special foods for patients on a limited diet. She worked in hospitals after the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. She was a successful administrator, especially at the hospital for black soldiers at City Point, Virginia. The middle-class women who volunteered provided vitally needed nursing services and were rewarded with a sense of patriotism and civic duty in addition to the opportunity to demonstrate their skills and gain new ones, while receiving wages and sharing the hardships of the men.
632:
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27:
477:, serving as the commission's superintendent, convinced the medical corps of the value of women working in their hospitals. Over 15,000 women volunteered to work in hospitals, usually in nursing care. They assisted surgeons during procedures, gave medicines, supervised the feedings and cleaned the bedding and clothes. They gave good cheer, wrote letters the men dictated, and comforted the dying. A representative nurse was
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519:. One of the first events was in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1863. Groups in other cities soon adopted this plan. Organizing these Sanitary Fairs offered ways for local communities to be directly part of supporting the war effort of the nation. The largest Sanitary Fair during the war was held in Chicago in 1863. Chicago held a second sanitary fair in 1865.
455:, lodges, and rests for traveling or disabled soldiers. They organized Sanitary Fairs in numerous cities to support the Federal army with funds and supplies, and to raise funds for the work of the USSC. Women who were prominent in the organization, often traveling great distances, and working in harsh conditions, included
275:
had received detailed studies and reports from the
Sanitary Inspectors of more than four hundred regimental camp inspections. The rapidly crowded events of those first six months of the war displayed the sheer gravity of the situation in which the adjustment to the means and agencies were desperately
782:
Additionally, money donations were requested by the
Sanitary Commission to support these military Union hospitals. These funds were received by George T. Strong, Treasurer of the Commission, 68 Wall Street, N.Y., and George S. Coe, Treasurer of Central Executive Committee, American Exchange Bank,
391:
in April 1862, it sent three steamboats to the scene as floating hospitals with doctors, nurses and medical supplies. The state fleet expanded to eleven hospital ships. The state also set up 12 local offices in main transportation nodes to help Ohio soldiers moving back and forth.
312:
where most of its members resided. The
Standing Committee initially consisted of five commissioners who retained their position for the entire war: Henry W. Bellows, George Templeton Strong, William H. Van Buren, M.D., Cornelius R. Agnew, M.D., and Wolcott Gibbs, M.D.
1423:
Catalogue of the
Department of Arms and Trophies Donated and Exhibited at the Northwestern Sanitary Fair, Held at Chicago, Illinois, May 30th to June 21st, 1865 including United States Flags Carried in Different Battles, Captured Rebel Flags, Autographs, Photographs,
407:
veterans to secure their bounties, back pay, and apply for pensions. It supported the "health and hygiene" of the veterans. They had a
Department of General Relief which accepted donations for veterans, too. The USSC organization was finally disbanded in May 1866.
188:. It operated across the North, raised an estimated $ 25 million in Civil War era revenue (assuming 1865 dollars, $ 497.61 million in 2024) and in-kind contributions to support the cause, and enlisted thousands of volunteers. The president was
372:, planned to attach Lincoln's signature to copies of several casts of the President's hand, to be sold to raise funds for the war effort. Other fund raising events included the famous 50 pound sack of flour that was auctioned off by
671:
945:"Executive Committee of the U.S. Sanitary Commission. Left to right: Dr. William Holme Van Buren, George Templeton Strong, Rev. Dr. Henry Whitney Bellows (Commission President), Dr. Cornelius R. Agnew and Prof. Wolcott Gibbs"
611:
The U.S. Sanitary
Commission is memorialized by a group of re-enactors who portray the Boston branch of the commission at various civic events, educational programs, and Civil War re-enactments. The group is based out of the
738:
The official warrant or order for the organization of the
Sanitary Commission appears to have issued from the War Department office, Sunday, 9th June 1861, and to have received President Lincoln's signature four days
659:
316:
In addition to setting up and staffing hospitals, the USSC operated 30 soldiers' homes, lodges, or rest houses for traveling or disabled Union soldiers. Most of these closed shortly after the war.
255:
Leaders of the
Sanitary Commission. From left to right: Dr. William Van Buren, George T. Strong, Commission President Henry Whitney Bellows, Dr. Cornelius R. Agnew, and Dr. Oliver Wolcott Gibbs.
1430:
Catalogue of
Paintings, Statuary, Etc. Exhibited for the Benefit of Ladies' North-Western Fair, In Aid of the Chicago Branch of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, For the Relief of Soldiers.
3834:
4153:
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in
Washington, D.C. to handle all the staff to process the pension requests and administer them. Its successor, built as a permanent building in the 1880s, is now listed on the
435:
Arising from a meeting in New York City of the Women's Central Relief Association of New York, the organization was also inspired by the British Sanitary Commission of the
376:. By auctioning off the same sack of flour, which was then re-donated to be sold again, Gridley eventually raised more than $ 250,000.00 for the Sanitary Commission.
3663:
3118:
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Rev. Dr. Bellows, President of the Commission, provided a graphic statement (following his preliminary tour through the Western encampments) in a letter to a
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The demands of the war soon required more frequent decision-making. This led to the creation of the Standing Committee, which met on a nearly daily basis in
4240:
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From the outset, many local groups sponsored fund-raising events to benefit the Commission. As the war progressed, these became larger and more elaborate
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1998:
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asking that Nicolay forward him any documents he might have available with the President's signature. Hunt's mother, the widow of Vermont congressman
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auxiliary committee of finance. Camp diseases, the irregularity of life, exposure, filth, heat and crowded conditions were described in this letter.
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1993:
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2003:
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495:, and Annie Wittenmeyer played leadership roles. After the war some nurses wrote memoirs of their experiences; examples include Dix, Livermore,
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3238:
2627:
2506:
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4122:
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3233:
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2654:
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1520:, containing materials on several humanitarian efforts made by the association during the Civil War, are available for research use at the
758:
Notes On the Care and Treatment of Sick and Wounded During the Late War in the East, and On the Sanitary Requirements of the Army Generally
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1437:
The Loyal People of the North-West, A Record of Prominent Persons, Places and Events, During Eight Years of Unparalleled American History
1047:
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4000:
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2416:
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3990:
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1988:
1983:
707:
643:
248:(1820–1875), New York lawyer and diarist, helped found the commission and served as treasurer and member of the executive committee.
387:
who won office on a coalition "Union Party" ticket with Republicans, Ohio acted vigorously. Following the unexpected carnage at the
3904:
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1727:
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including the British army medical dispatches, the findings of the Royal Sanitary Commission, and first-hand knowledge acquired by
379:
States could use their own tax money to supplement the Commission's work, as Ohio did. Under the energetic leadership of Governor
4107:
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3391:
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1667:
1492:"A Fragile Legacy: The Contributions of Women in the United States Sanitary Commission to the United States Administrative State"
2466:
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Mark Twain in his book "Roughing It" has a small section, Chapter 43, on the activities of the Commission in Virginia City, NV.
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1935:
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The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted. Vol. 4: Defending the Union: The Civil War and the U.S. Sanitary Commission, 1861-1863
918:
868:. "Necessity of Sanitary Organization" (Vol. X, No. 3031: Sunday, June 9, 1861). p. 5, column 1. Retrieved: August 4, 2015.
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77:
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served as a nurse for the Sanitary Commission and is credited with establishing 300 field hospitals during the Civil War
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1135:
History of the United States Sanitary Commission, Being the General Report of Its Work during the War of the Rebellion
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History of the United States Sanitary Commission, Being the General Report of Its Work during the War of the Rebellion
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546:
439:. The American volunteers raised money (estimated at $ 25 million), collected donations, made uniforms, worked as
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1963:
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The Diary of George Templeton Strong, The Civil War 1860-1865, Edited by Allan Nevis, The MacMillan Co., NY 1962
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in July 1861, the first orders and receipts submitted to the Central Office began to arrive from the military
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2137:
1945:
1517:
299:, small tables for writing in bed, iron wire cradles for protecting wounded limbs, dominoes, checkerboards,
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922:
760:" (London: 1858). These were also considered in the establishment of the United States Sanitary Commission.
536:
272:
1290:
Bridge, Jennifer R. (2016). "Going to the Fair". In Widmer, Ted; Risen, Clay; Kalogerakis, George (eds.).
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360:(1831–1907), a New York lawyer and pioneering photographer. In January 1864, he wrote to 16th President
230:(1814–1882), a Massachusetts clergyman, planned the USSC and served as its only president. According to
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acted as executive secretary. It was modeled on the British Sanitary Commission, set up during the
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1958:
1953:
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842:
838:
The Sanitary Commission of the United States Army. A Succinct Narrative of Its Works and Purposes
749:
593:
245:
232:
146:
1177:
Jane E. Schultz, "The Inhospitable Hospital: Gender and Professionalism in Civil War Medicine",
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created by federal legislation on June 18, 1861, to support sick and wounded soldiers of the
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2057:
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1444:
Civil War Sisterhood: The U.S. Sanitary Commission and Women's Politics in Transition
1403:
1295:
681:
528:
456:
93:
1468:
1245:
Elizabeth D. Leonard. "Civil War Nurse, Civil War Nursing: Rebecca Usher of Maine,"
1219:
Elizabeth D. Leonard, "Civil war nurse, civil war nursing: Rebecca Usher of Maine",
892:
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2892:
2887:
2820:
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2201:
2107:
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1832:
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268:
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1817:
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564:
478:
361:
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3143:
2982:
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2779:
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2008:
1849:
1837:
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576:
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220:
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2027:
1652:
1382:
770:
617:
516:
504:
448:
309:
1465:
Lincoln's Fifth Wheel: The Political History of the U.S. Sanitary Commission
3932:
3909:
3899:
3894:
3431:
3373:
3285:
3260:
3173:
3153:
2952:
2850:
1193:
Ann Douglas Wood, "The War within a War: Women Nurses in the Union Army",
677:
474:
460:
384:
357:
343:
259:
In June 1861, the Sanitary Commission set up its central office inside the
241:
240:, (1822–1903), the famed landscape architect who designed New York's
200:(1853–1856), and from the British parliamentary report published after the
1483:
Schnell, Christopher J. "Mary Livermore and the Great Northwestern Fair."
1110:
2704:
1742:
1722:
996:
436:
424:
267:(now the White House), on Pennsylvania Avenue and 15th Street in central
264:
197:
1316:
Patriot Fires: Forging a New American Nationalism in the Civil War North
4087:
2962:
2724:
1925:
1920:
1182:
532:
404:
301:
288:
277:
181:
173:
112:
67:
3351:
1534:
1508:
United States Sanitary Commission records, 1861-1879 (bulk 1861-1872)
719:
380:
296:
1507:
26:
3356:
1080:
444:
1048:
Letter from Col. Leavitt Hunt to John George Nicolay, January 1864
1381:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1206:
Edward A. Miller, "Angel of light: Helen L. Gilson, army nurse",
212:
1518:
United States Sanitary Commission Philadelphia Branch collection
1348:
1004:"archives.nypl.org -- United States Sanitary Commission records"
4154:
List of films and television shows about the American Civil War
440:
1410:
The Public Good: Philanthropy and Welfare in the Civil War Era
590:
served as the Executive Secretary of the Sanitary Commission.
1876:
403:. After the war, the USSC volunteers continued to work with
276:
needed to ensure a high health-rate in all those untrained
1494:(Applied research project). Texas State University. (2013)
1052:
General Correspondence of Abraham Lincoln, American Memory
893:"Civil War Letters Shed Light on Pain Of Troop's Families"
1400:
Patriotic Toil: Northern Women and the American Civil War
549:(Chicago, 1865), receiving medal No. 15 for her services
602:
was a philanthropist who helped to fund the Commission.
271:
By late October 1861, the USSC Central Office and the
579:
led the Northwestern Branch of the Sanitary Commission
350:
requesting documents with Abraham Lincoln's signature.
1318:, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2002.
1294:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 90–92.
1308:
1292:
New York Times Disunion: A History of the Civil War
531:served as a nurse for the Sanitary Commission at a
1531:in 25 cities in 15 states North and South in 1865.
1458:Genius of Place: The Life of Frederick Law Olmsted
1439:. Chicago: Church, Goodman & Donnelley, 1869.
1054:. Library of Congress. Accessed September 23, 2013
891:
665:Great Central Fair historical Marker, Philadelphia
1510:, held by the Manuscripts and Archives Division,
1234:A Strong-minded Woman: The Life of Mary Livermore
4202:
3840:Confederate States presidential election of 1861
1417:The Philanthropic Results of the War in America
841:. New York: Sanitary Commission. 1864. p.
421:United States Sanitary Commission: Our Heroines
3664:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.
1550:
1043:
1041:
111:Support for sick and wounded soldiers of the
1081:"Great Central Fair Buildings, Philadelphia"
4221:1866 disestablishments in the United States
1449:Gordon, Beverly. "A Furor of Benevolence."
1107:"US Sanitary Commission historical website"
356:Also active in the association was Colonel
1557:
1543:
1356:"PASSING AWAY. ANOTHER EARLY SETTLER GONE"
1038:
561:served as the President of the Commission.
25:
1402:(1998), focus on the Sanitary Commission
1099:
720:United States Sanitary Commission records
708:Hospital Ships of the Sanitary Commission
567:, served as a Director of the Commission.
4241:Old soldiers' homes in the United States
4216:1861 establishments in the United States
1753:Treatment of slaves in the United States
415:
250:
211:
4226:Government agencies established in 1861
3496:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
1668:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
937:
573:served as a Director of the Commission.
4236:Veterans' affairs in the United States
4203:
3481:Modern display of the Confederate flag
1564:
1289:
1131:
1075:
1073:
890:Dugan, Ianthe Jeanne (June 22, 2007).
803:
3699:
3088:
2652:
1875:
1678:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
1576:
1538:
1419:. New York: Sheldon & Co., 1864.
906:
889:
748:Additionally, the medical reports of
236:, "its first executive secretary was
4231:Organizations disestablished in 1866
919:Sewanee: The University of the South
704:, a smaller rival based in St. Louis
680:image of the picture gallery at the
411:
401:National Register of Historic Places
305:and hospital gowns for the wounded.
3835:Committee on the Conduct of the War
3511:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1501:
1070:
295:, and Washington, D.C., requesting
13:
3905:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864
3700:
3244:impeachment managers investigation
1623:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
1529:soldiers' homes, lodges, and rests
1522:Historical Society of Pennsylvania
1392:
1166:Dorothea Dix: New England Reformer
912:
883:
854:United States Sanitary Commission.
696:United States Christian Commission
522:
14:
4252:
4211:United States Sanitary Commission
3330:Reconstruction military districts
1778:Abolitionism in the United States
1733:Plantations in the American South
1648:Origins of the American Civil War
713:
510:
166:United States Sanitary Commission
20:United States Sanitary Commission
4184:
4175:
4174:
3313:Enforcement Act of February 1871
3286:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867
1426:Chicago: Rounds and James, 1865.
1376:
1029:The Sanitary Commission Bulletin
1027:"Soldiers' Homes and Lodges" in
670:
658:
642:
630:
547:Great Northwestern Sanitary Fair
507:also worked for the Commission.
447:in army camps, and administered
332:
323:
16:American Civil War relief agency
4098:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864
3960:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
3521:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
1321:
1283:
1267:
1255:
1239:
1226:
1213:
1200:
1187:
1171:
1158:
1125:
1057:
1021:
984:
972:
963:
776:
596:was Treasurer of the Commission
395:The government constructed the
261:United States Treasury Building
79:United States Treasury Building
31:Official seal of the Commission
3201:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
1262:Lowell Daily Citizen and News,
871:
859:
829:
797:
763:
742:
732:
684:of 1864 held in New York State
219:of the Sanitary Commission by
1:
3616:Ladies' Memorial Associations
3318:Enforcement Act of April 1871
3214:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
3089:
1274:Manchester (NH) Daily Mirror,
790:
3749:Confederate revolving cannon
3491:Sons of Confederate Veterans
3362:South Carolina riots of 1876
3340:Indian Council at Fort Smith
3291:South Carolina riots of 1876
3256:Knights of the White Camelia
1748:Slavery in the United States
1362:. 18 January 1894. p. 4
1065:The Civil War Era, 1850-1873
7:
4103:New York City riots of 1863
3928:Battle Hymn of the Republic
3679:United Confederate Veterans
3516:Children of the Confederacy
3506:United Confederate Veterans
3501:Southern Historical Society
2653:
2133:Price's Missouri Expedition
1603:Timeline leading to the War
1577:
1415:Brockett, Linus Pierpont.
1132:Stillé, Charles J. (1866).
804:Stillé, Charles J. (1866).
702:Western Sanitary Commission
689:
469:Katherine Prescott Wormeley
465:Eliza Emily Chappell Porter
10:
4257:
4071:Confederate Secret Service
3659:Grand Army of the Republic
3551:Grand Army of the Republic
3369:Southern Claims Commission
1463:Maxwell, William Quentin.
1408:Bremner, Robert Hamlett.
1140:J. B. Lippincott & Co.
812:J. B. Lippincott & Co.
623:
283:Immediately following the
207:
4170:
4146:
4059:Confederate States dollar
4031:
3973:
3918:
3870:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
3865:Emancipation Proclamation
3827:
3759:Medal of Honor recipients
3716:
3712:
3695:
3647:Confederate Memorial Hall
3629:
3608:
3566:
3538:
3529:
3449:Confederate Memorial Hall
3422:Confederate History Month
3402:Civil War Discovery Trail
3382:
3303:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
3134:
3109:Reconstruction Amendments
3099:
3095:
3084:
3006:
2875:
2868:
2808:
2672:
2665:
2661:
2648:
2590:
2337:
2330:
2161:
2017:
1976:
1944:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1871:
1768:
1718:Emancipation Proclamation
1686:
1587:
1583:
1572:
1412:. New York: Knopf, 1980.
1360:Cawker City Public Record
915:"George Templeton Strong"
606:
152:
140:
128:
118:
107:
85:
73:
62:
54:
44:
36:
24:
4133:U.S. Sanitary Commission
4044:Battlefield preservation
3950:Marching Through Georgia
3875:Hampton Roads Conference
3850:Confiscation Act of 1862
3845:Confiscation Act of 1861
3621:U.S. national cemeteries
3427:Confederate Memorial Day
3412:Civil War Trails Program
3281:New Orleans riot of 1866
1473:Olmsted, Frederick Law.
1453:15, no. 4 (1986): 48–65.
1181:(1992) 17#2 pp. 363–392
725:
698:, a similar organization
545:raised supplies for the
285:First Battle of Bull Run
202:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4054:Confederate war finance
3674:Southern Cross of Honor
3642:1938 Gettysburg reunion
3637:1913 Gettysburg reunion
3335:Reconstruction Treaties
3308:Enforcement Act of 1870
3191:Freedman's Savings Bank
1808:Lane Debates on Slavery
1633:Lincoln–Douglas debates
1512:New York Public Library
1487:4, no. 1 (1975): 34–43.
1479:excerpt and text search
1435:Coatsworth, Stella S.
1264:14 February 1863, p. 2.
899:The Wall Street Journal
750:Edmund Alexander Parkes
594:George Templeton Strong
246:George Templeton Strong
233:The Wall Street Journal
147:George Templeton Strong
4113:Richmond riots of 1863
4039:Baltimore riot of 1861
3819:U.S. Military Railroad
3739:Confederate Home Guard
3471:Historiographic issues
3437:Historical reenactment
1936:Revenue Cutter Service
1803:William Lloyd Garrison
1712:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1442:Giesberg, Judith Ann.
1249:(1995): 41#3 190-207.
1223:(1995) 41#3 pp 190–207
756:were compiled in her "
600:Mary Tileston Hemenway
483:Chelsea, Massachusetts
432:
256:
224:
180:(Federal / Northern /
4078:Great Revival of 1863
3955:Maryland, My Maryland
3744:Confederate railroads
3407:Civil War Roundtables
3276:Meridian riot of 1871
3271:Memphis riots of 1866
1828:George Luther Stearns
1813:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1706:Crittenden Compromise
1086:World Digital Library
1031:3:1279. Available at
588:Frederick Law Olmsted
559:Henry Whitney Bellows
543:Martia L. Davis Berry
419:
254:
238:Frederick Law Olmsted
228:Henry Whitney Bellows
215:
204:("Sepoy Rebellion").
194:Frederick Law Olmsted
190:Henry Whitney Bellows
135:Frederick Law Olmsted
124:Henry Whitney Bellows
49:Henry Whitney Bellows
3965:Daar kom die Alibama
3880:National Union Party
3556:memorials to Lincoln
3476:Lost Cause mythology
3181:Eufaula riot of 1874
3169:Confederate refugees
2382:District of Columbia
2009:Union naval blockade
1855:Underground Railroad
1643:Nullification crisis
1278:Salem (MA) Register,
1232:Wendy Hamand Venet,
1210:(1997) 43#1 pp 17–37
1063:Eugene E. Roseboom,
754:Florence Nightingale
583:John Strong Newberry
293:Alexandria, Virginia
217:Organizational chart
158:$ 25,000,000 (total)
4123:Supreme Court cases
3890:Radical Republicans
3669:Old soldiers' homes
3653:Confederate Veteran
3579:artworks in Capitol
3298:Reconstruction acts
3159:Colfax riot of 1873
2123:Richmond-Petersburg
1728:Fugitive slave laws
1658:Popular sovereignty
1638:Missouri Compromise
1628:Kansas-Nebraska Act
1336:museums.kenosha.org
1280:11 June 1863, p. 2.
1168:(Harvard U.P. 1998)
991:Sanitary Commission
979:Sanitary Commission
878:Sanitary Commission
553:Mary Ann Bickerdyke
493:Mary Ann Bickerdyke
471:, and many others.
366:John George Nicolay
348:John George Nicolay
273:U.S. War Department
263:, just east of the
130:Executive Secretary
21:
3944:A Lincoln Portrait
3885:Politicians killed
3809:U.S. Balloon Corps
3804:Union corps badges
3584:memorials to Davis
3454:Disenfranchisement
3325:Reconstruction era
3206:Timber Culture Act
3164:Compromise of 1877
2128:Franklin–Nashville
1798:Frederick Douglass
1701:Cornerstone Speech
1618:Compromise of 1850
1566:American Civil War
1276:9 May 1863, p. 4;
866:The New York Times
649:Soldiers' home at
501:Sarah Emma Edmonds
497:Sarah Palmer Young
433:
374:Reuel Colt Gridley
257:
225:
186:American Civil War
178:United States Army
19:
4198:
4197:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4161:
3996:Italian Americans
3981:African Americans
3938:John Brown's Body
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3604:
3603:
3442:Robert E. Lee Day
3186:Freedmen's Bureau
3149:Brooks–Baxter War
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
2864:
2863:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2053:Northern Virginia
1999:Trans-Mississippi
1972:
1971:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1759:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1696:African Americans
1460:(2011) pp 178–230
1314:Lawson, Melinda.
1301:978-0-19-062183-4
1247:Civil War History
1221:Civil War History
1208:Civil War History
1195:Civil War History
1164:Thomas J. Brown,
682:Metropolitan Fair
529:Louisa May Alcott
457:Louisa May Alcott
412:Women in the USSC
342:Letter from Col.
265:Executive Mansion
162:
161:
94:Washington, D. C.
4248:
4188:
4178:
4177:
4001:Native Americans
3986:German Americans
3779:Partisan rangers
3774:Official Records
3714:
3713:
3697:
3696:
3589:memorials to Lee
3536:
3535:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3085:
2873:
2872:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2650:
2649:
2623:Washington, D.C.
2417:Indian Territory
2377:Dakota Territory
2335:
2334:
2252:Chancellorsville
2043:Jackson's Valley
2033:Blockade runners
1909:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1873:
1872:
1833:Thaddeus Stevens
1823:Lysander Spooner
1783:Susan B. Anthony
1585:
1584:
1574:
1573:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1527:List of 30 USSC
1456:Martin, Justin.
1386:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1287:
1281:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1138:. Philadelphia:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1109:. Archived from
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1077:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1045:
1036:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
921:. Archived from
913:Willis, John C.
910:
904:
903:
895:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
856:
851:
849:
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
810:. Philadelphia:
801:
784:
780:
774:
767:
761:
746:
740:
736:
674:
662:
646:
634:
397:Pension Building
389:Battle of Shiloh
336:
327:
269:Washington, D.C.
172:) was a private
100:
96:
80:
29:
22:
18:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4158:
4142:
4027:
3991:Irish Americans
3969:
3914:
3823:
3814:U.S. Home Guard
3754:Field artillery
3708:
3707:
3683:
3625:
3600:
3562:
3531:
3525:
3417:Civil War Trust
3384:
3378:
3266:Ethnic violence
3251:Kirk–Holden war
3130:
3091:
3068:
3002:
2860:
2804:
2657:
2632:
2586:
2339:
2326:
2157:
2138:Sherman's March
2118:Bermuda Hundred
2013:
1968:
1940:
1896:
1895:
1859:
1818:J. Sella Martin
1788:James G. Birney
1764:
1682:
1608:Bleeding Kansas
1596:
1579:
1568:
1563:
1504:
1485:Chicago History
1451:Chicago History
1398:Attie, Jeanie.
1395:
1393:Further reading
1390:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1288:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1251:in Project MUSE
1244:
1240:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1214:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1188:
1176:
1172:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1113:on May 15, 2006
1105:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1046:
1039:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1002:
1001:
997:
989:
985:
977:
973:
968:
964:
954:
952:
943:
942:
938:
928:
926:
925:on May 22, 2010
911:
907:
888:
884:
876:
872:
864:
860:
847:
845:
835:
834:
830:
820:
818:
802:
798:
793:
788:
787:
781:
777:
768:
764:
747:
743:
737:
733:
728:
716:
692:
685:
675:
666:
663:
654:
647:
638:
637:Commission flag
635:
626:
609:
565:Atherton Blight
525:
523:Notable members
513:
479:Helen L. Gilson
453:soldiers' homes
431:April 9, 1864)
429:Harper's Weekly
414:
362:Abraham Lincoln
354:
353:
352:
351:
339:
338:
337:
329:
328:
210:
155:
143:
131:
121:
103:
98:
92:
78:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4254:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4182:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4138:Women soldiers
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4093:Naming the war
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3729:Campaign Medal
3726:
3720:
3718:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:Related topics
3701:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3542:
3540:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3432:Decoration Day
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3388:
3386:
3385:Reconstruction
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3239:second inquiry
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3196:Homestead Acts
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3144:Alabama Claims
3140:
3138:
3136:Reconstruction
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3124:15th Amendment
3121:
3119:14th Amendment
3116:
3114:13th Amendment
3105:
3103:
3093:
3092:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:J. E. Johnston
2742:
2740:A. S. Johnston
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2680:R. H. Anderson
2676:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2542:South Carolina
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2517:North Carolina
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2242:Fredericksburg
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2182:Wilson's Creek
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Lower Seaboard
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1850:Harriet Tubman
1847:
1846:
1845:
1838:Charles Sumner
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1673:States' rights
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1514:
1503:
1502:External links
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1471:
1469:online edition
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1432:Chicago, 1863.
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1404:online edition
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1372:Newspapers.com
1347:
1320:
1307:
1300:
1282:
1266:
1254:
1238:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1170:
1157:
1124:
1098:
1069:
1056:
1037:
1020:
995:
983:
971:
962:
951:. 2 April 2018
936:
905:
882:
870:
858:
828:
795:
794:
792:
789:
786:
785:
775:
762:
741:
730:
729:
727:
724:
723:
722:
715:
714:External links
712:
711:
710:
705:
699:
691:
688:
687:
686:
676:
669:
667:
664:
657:
655:
648:
641:
639:
636:
629:
625:
622:
614:Greater Boston
608:
605:
604:
603:
597:
591:
585:
580:
577:Mary Livermore
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
540:
524:
521:
517:Sanitary Fairs
512:
511:Sanitary Fairs
509:
489:Mary Livermore
449:hospital ships
413:
410:
341:
340:
331:
330:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
221:John Y. Culyer
209:
206:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
141:
138:
137:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
109:
105:
104:
102:
101:
89:
87:
83:
82:
75:
71:
70:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4253:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:Photographers
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Gender issues
4081:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3910:War Democrats
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Union Leagues
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Turning point
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3769:Naval battles
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:and memorials
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3392:Commemoration
3390:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:first inquiry
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3154:Carpetbaggers
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:West Virginia
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:New Hampshire
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:Massachusetts
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:Hampton Roads
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2187:Fort Donelson
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Morgan's Raid
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Anaconda Plan
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:Pacific Coast
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Positive good
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Panic of 1857
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Border states
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1383:public domain
1373:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1337:
1330:
1329:"Finding Aid"
1324:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1222:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1009:
1005:
999:
992:
987:
980:
975:
966:
950:
946:
940:
924:
920:
916:
909:
901:
900:
894:
886:
879:
874:
867:
862:
855:
844:
840:
839:
832:
817:
813:
809:
808:
800:
796:
779:
772:
771:New York City
766:
759:
755:
751:
745:
739:subsequently.
735:
731:
721:
718:
717:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:
683:
679:
673:
668:
661:
656:
652:
645:
640:
633:
628:
627:
621:
619:
618:Massachusetts
615:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
544:
541:
538:
534:
530:
527:
526:
520:
518:
508:
506:
505:Bridget Diver
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
484:
481:(1835–68) of
480:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
426:
422:
418:
409:
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
370:Jonathan Hunt
367:
364:'s secretary
363:
359:
349:
345:
335:
326:
317:
314:
311:
310:New York City
306:
304:
303:
298:
294:
291:hospitals at
290:
286:
281:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
253:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:
229:
222:
218:
214:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:) during the
183:
179:
175:
174:relief agency
171:
167:
157:
151:
148:
145:
139:
136:
133:
127:
123:
117:
114:
110:
106:
99:United States
95:
91:
90:
88:
84:
81:
76:
72:
69:
68:relief agency
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
40:June 18, 1861
39:
35:
28:
23:
4132:
4049:Bibliography
4032:Other topics
3974:By ethnicity
3942:
3895:Trent Affair
3794:Signal Corps
3651:
3374:White League
3261:Ku Klux Klan
3174:Confederados
3101:Constitution
2973:D. D. Porter
2826:Breckinridge
2537:Rhode Island
2532:Pennsylvania
2287:Spotsylvania
2247:Stones River
2227:2nd Bull Run
2177:1st Bull Run
2063:Stones River
1964:Marine Corps
1931:Marine Corps
1770:Abolitionism
1757:
1710:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1399:
1370:– via
1364:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:
1323:
1315:
1310:
1291:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1178:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1134:
1127:
1117:December 23,
1115:. Retrieved
1111:the original
1101:
1090:. Retrieved
1084:
1067:(1944) p 396
1064:
1059:
1051:
1033:Google Books
1028:
1023:
1013:December 11,
1011:. Retrieved
1007:
998:
993:. pp. 14–15.
990:
986:
981:. pp. 16–22.
978:
974:
965:
953:. Retrieved
948:
939:
927:. Retrieved
923:the original
908:
897:
885:
877:
873:
865:
861:
853:
846:. Retrieved
837:
831:
819:. Retrieved
806:
799:
778:
765:
757:
744:
734:
678:Stereoscopic
610:
535:Hospital in
514:
487:
475:Dorothea Dix
473:
461:Almira Fales
434:
428:
420:
394:
385:War Democrat
378:
358:Leavitt Hunt
355:
344:Leavitt Hunt
315:
307:
300:
282:
258:
242:Central Park
231:
226:
169:
165:
163:
74:Headquarters
3855:Copperheads
3567:Confederate
3459:Black Codes
2785:E. K. Smith
2666:Confederate
2613:New Orleans
2608:Chattanooga
2472:Mississippi
2372:Connecticut
2340:territories
2331:Involvement
2292:Cold Harbor
2282:Fort Pillow
2272:Chattanooga
2267:Chickamauga
2217:Seven Pines
2207:New Orleans
2172:Fort Sumter
2113:Valley 1864
1946:Confederacy
1743:Slave Power
1723:Fire-Eaters
1490:Tise, Pam.
1197:(1972) 18#3
949:www.loc.gov
651:Camp Nelson
571:Samuel Howe
437:Crimean War
425:Thomas Nast
280:regiments.
198:Crimean War
4205:Categories
4088:Juneteenth
3609:Cemeteries
3486:Red Shirts
3397:Centennial
3347:Red Shirts
2755:Longstreet
2685:Beauregard
2628:Winchester
2603:Charleston
2572:Washington
2507:New Mexico
2502:New Jersey
2362:California
2338:States and
2322:Five Forks
2307:Mobile Bay
2277:Wilderness
2257:Gettysburg
2237:Perryville
2222:Seven Days
2153:Appomattox
2078:Gettysburg
2038:New Mexico
1905:Combatants
1880:Combatants
1793:John Brown
1341:2019-07-02
1092:2013-07-28
791:References
653:, Kentucky
537:Georgetown
533:Union Army
405:Union Army
302:Delphinium
297:water-beds
289:Union Army
278:Union Army
182:Union Army
113:Union Army
4066:Espionage
3860:Diplomacy
3828:Political
3784:POW camps
3530:Monuments
3357:Scalawags
3352:Redeemers
3090:Aftermath
3039:Pinkerton
2978:Rosecrans
2943:McClellan
2846:Memminger
2582:Wisconsin
2547:Tennessee
2467:Minnesota
2442:Louisiana
2317:Nashville
2262:Vicksburg
2192:Pea Ridge
2143:Carolinas
2098:Red River
2093:Knoxville
2073:Tullahoma
2068:Vicksburg
2048:Peninsula
2020:campaigns
1886:Campaigns
1663:Secession
1142:pp.
848:August 4,
381:David Tod
142:Treasurer
120:President
55:Dissolved
37:Formation
4180:Category
4021:Seminole
4011:Cherokee
3764:Medicine
3717:Military
3630:Veterans
3464:Jim Crow
3229:timeline
3024:Ericsson
3007:Civilian
2988:Sheridan
2948:McDowell
2908:Farragut
2893:Burnside
2883:Anderson
2876:Military
2856:Stephens
2816:Benjamin
2809:Civilian
2695:Buchanan
2673:Military
2618:Richmond
2567:Virginia
2512:New York
2487:Nebraska
2477:Missouri
2462:Michigan
2452:Maryland
2437:Kentucky
2412:Illinois
2387:Delaware
2367:Colorado
2352:Arkansas
2312:Franklin
2232:Antietam
2103:Overland
2058:Maryland
1977:Theaters
1883:Theaters
1183:in JSTOR
1150:July 17,
1008:nypl.org
929:July 17,
880:, p. 10.
821:April 9,
814:p.
690:See also
616:area of
445:kitchens
154:Budget
108:Services
86:Location
66:Private
58:May 1866
4147:Related
4016:Choctaw
4006:Catawba
3789:Rations
3734:Cavalry
3596:Removal
3224:efforts
3208:of 1873
3054:Stevens
3049:Stanton
3034:Lincoln
2993:Sherman
2928:Halleck
2918:Frémont
2903:Du Pont
2841:Mallory
2800:Wheeler
2735:Jackson
2715:Forrest
2655:Leaders
2598:Atlanta
2562:Vermont
2482:Montana
2422:Indiana
2397:Georgia
2392:Florida
2357:Arizona
2347:Alabama
2297:Atlanta
2212:Corinth
2164:battles
2108:Atlanta
2088:Bristoe
1989:Western
1984:Eastern
1889:Battles
1688:Slavery
1592:Origins
1578:Origins
1477:(1986)
1467:(1956)
955:2 April
624:Gallery
208:History
45:Founder
4190:Portal
4128:Tokens
3064:Welles
3044:Seward
3029:Hamlin
2998:Thomas
2933:Hooker
2898:Butler
2851:Seddon
2836:Hunter
2821:Bocock
2795:Taylor
2790:Stuart
2780:Semmes
2760:Morgan
2720:Gorgas
2700:Cooper
2591:Cities
2527:Oregon
2492:Nevada
2432:Kansas
2402:Hawaii
2302:Crater
2202:Shiloh
2162:Major
2148:Mobile
2018:Major
1892:States
1843:Caning
1446:(2006)
1366:28 May
1298:
1236:(2005)
607:Legacy
499:, and
443:, ran
441:nurses
223:, 1864
192:, and
3933:Dixie
3920:Music
3539:Union
3383:Post-
3219:trial
3019:Chase
3014:Adams
2983:Scott
2958:Meigs
2953:Meade
2923:Grant
2913:Foote
2888:Buell
2869:Union
2831:Davis
2775:Price
2765:Mosby
2710:Ewell
2705:Early
2690:Bragg
2552:Texas
2447:Maine
2407:Idaho
1913:Union
1332:(PDF)
1179:Signs
726:Notes
4118:Salt
3724:Arms
3574:List
3546:List
3059:Wade
2968:Pope
2938:Hunt
2770:Polk
2730:Hood
2725:Hill
2557:Utah
2522:Ohio
2427:Iowa
1959:Navy
1954:Army
1926:Navy
1921:Army
1516:The
1424:Etc.
1368:2022
1296:ISBN
1152:2010
1119:2005
1015:2016
957:2018
931:2010
850:2015
823:2014
783:N.Y.
383:, a
170:USSC
164:The
63:Type
2963:Ord
2750:Lee
1146:–62
816:490
346:to
244:".
4207::
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1334:.
1144:40
1083:.
1072:^
1050:,
1040:^
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620:.
503:.
491:,
467:,
463:,
459:,
451:,
427:,
97:,
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1551:t
1544:v
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168:(
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