49:
135:
products, including both refined petroleum products and crude oil", "Weekly U.S. Commercial Crude Oil
Imports Excluding SPR" were 5,857,000 barrels per day and exports were 3,683,000 barrels per day. In this week of "energy independence", the United States was still importing more crude oil than it was exporting. Weekly Production of Crude Oil for this week totaled 12,600,000 barrels per day. This "energy independence" occurred again during two weeks in December 2019. In 2020, this occurred in 38 weeks. It occurred 11 times in 2021 and it has occurred every week since the week ending March 11, 2022 through week ending May 5, 2023, (the most recent reporting of the EIA) 68 times. During the pandemic, weekly crude oil production dropped to a low of 9,700,000 barrels per day. As of week ending May 5, 2023, crude oil production had returned to pre-pandemic levels of 12,300,000 barrels per day. By 2021 the US was the world's largest producer.
22:
30:
65:
57:
968:
222:
38:
982:
696:. This occurred not because of an increase in crude oil production, as it remained at 11,700,000 per day, it occurred because of an over 1,000,000 barrel per day increase in crude oil exports that came from an equal reduction in Crude Oil Stock. The next week, the Weekly U.S. Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products returned to 1,322,000 barrels per day.
721:
in the end of 2021, even though, domestic weekly production of crude oil had only grown to 11,500,000 barrels per day. By the week ending March 18, 2022, the United States regained its "energy independence" with daily production only increasing by 100,000 barrels of crude oil per day; it has maintained it ever since.
691:
In early
December 2018, it was reported by Bloomberg that the US had turned into a net exporter of oil "last week", thus breaking nearly 75 continuous years of dependence on foreign oil. Reportedly, the US sold overseas a net of 211,000 barrels a day of crude and refined products such as gasoline and
134:
and Russia, and second-largest exporter of refined products, after Russia. In
October 2019, the United States first became a net exporter of all oil products, including both refined petroleum products and crude oil. This was in the week ending October 18. During this week of "net exporter of all oil
720:
became president, the United States was still "energy independent" even though domestic crude oil production had declined to 10,900,000 barrels of crude oil per day from its 13,100,000 peak. As demand recovered from the pandemic, the United States lost its "energy independence" until it regained it
600:
that aimed to reduce oil dependence by a third, by producing more oil domestically, increasing use of cleaner alternative fuels, and improving efficiency. Obama stated, “The fact of the matter is, is that for quite some time, America is going to be still dependent on oil in making its economy work."
724:
While the Biden administration has often been maligned for its efforts to migrate to renewable energy and its opponents have promised to return the United States to "energy independence," the United States has been "energy independent" for 80 of the 142 weeks of
President Biden's term in office and
707:
It wasn't until
January 2020 that Weekly U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil hit 13,000,000 barrels per day and at this level, consistently made the U.S. a net exporter of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products. By May, as the COVID-19 pandemic took hold, production dropped to 11,900,000 barrels per day
703:
reported domestic crude inventories declined 2.58 million barrels the previous week. The US Energy
Information Administration was due to report on the official numbers on domestic supply and demand. However, James Williams, president at WTRG Economics in London, Arkansas said, "These are clearly
530:
was also created to screen foreign (mostly US) takeovers of
Canadian companies. These policies were bitterly opposed by the provincial government of Alberta, and were repealed and reversed during the Conservative government of 1984–1993 which sought closer economic ties with the US, including the
809:
Although the US enjoys massive coal reserves able to power the country at current rates of energy consumption for 200 years, the hope that the country could use this resource as a liquid to fuel the transportation sector is unlikely. Although currently the US remains a net coal exporter of
412:). Sometimes an alternative "North American energy independence" is proposed, by which North America as a unit should be energy independent, but in which the US could still import energy from Canada and Mexico, which are less problematic allies and more tightly economically integrated.
767:
will continue to be fueled by other large consumers of oil, such as China, whether or not the US achieves energy independence. US energy independence will not cause a US pull-out from the Middle East, it will not decrease terrorism, and it will not foster stability or reform in the
742:
Highlighting the difficulty of separating domestic and foreign oil sources, journalist Robert Bryce stated in 2008 that "the trends of energy interdependence are growing and are inexorable" and branded the idea of being able to choose where your oil came from as "hogwash".
773:
Renewable energy sources can be extremely inefficient, as in the case of corn-based biofuels, which requires massive government subsidies and also enormous amounts of water and chemicals to grow, and causes significant air pollution when burned. Other renewables, namely
584:, a phrase widely discussed in the media. Oil imports into the US peaked in 2006, when imports supplied nearly 12 million barrels/day which is 60% of US consumption; they have declined since, due both to increased domestic oil production, and reduced consumption.
949:
Canada is the world's second largest producer of hydroelectricity (after China) and exported three billion dollars worth of electricity to the US in 2015, mostly from the major hydro-producing provinces of Québec, Ontario, Manitoba and
British Columbia.
380:). Two thirds of US oil consumption is due to the transportation sector. A national strategy designed to shift all transportation to a combined use of alternative fuels and plug-in hybrids is predicted to make the US independent of petroleum (oil).
1794:
604:
In 2012, Obama repeatedly stated that the US had begun "freeing ourselves from foreign oil." Canadian observers noted that his usage of "foreign" did not include Canada. Obama called Canada and Mexico "stable" foreign energy suppliers.
3446:
813:
However, from 2007 to 2011, US coal imports fell by 64%, and coal exports rose by 81%. As of 2011, coal exports from the US were eight times the tonnage of imports, and the US was the world's fourth-largest exporter of
645:
pipeline, calling it "the first of many infrastructure projects" that he intended to approve in order to put more
Americans to work. The permitting came two months after Trump, only days into his presidency, signed an
432:
The benefits are argued to be similar to US energy independence—the reduction of North
America's energy dependence on unstable regions such as the Middle East and South America and accepting supplies from the reliable
625:
would expedite processing of Canadian oil. In November 2015, Obama rejected the proposal to build this pipeline because of domestic environmental concerns over water quality as well as the general antipathy of the
170:
boom. Beginning in the 1970s, exports of crude oil were illegal without a permit; in 2013, the United States physically exported a relatively small amount of oil, and only to Canada. The ban was repealed in 2015.
692:
diesel. This, compared to net imports of about three million barrels a day on average previously during 2018 and the prior annual peak of more than 12 million barrels a day during 2005, was confirmed by the US
810:
lower-quality coal, a large and, as of 2008, increasing portion of coal is being imported due to the cheaper, high-quality, low-sulfur foreign coal needed by power plants coping with air-quality regulations.
910:; the information transmission function of prices means that individual buyers and sellers can adapt to changes in supply and demand conditions in a decentralized way. His suggestion for how to increase the
863:. Russia's stock market plunged, and "within a week capital outflow reached a massive $ 16 billion, suddenly squeezing domestic credit while the ruble collapsed in value." He also gives the example of
792:
still in the ground also stands at an all-time high, according to reserve data for the end of 2011. US net imports of natural gas peaked in 2007, then declined rapidly, and in 2013 were 60 percent below
3439:
855:
that oil dependence has significant benefits for the US and other oil-importing nations. First, the world's major oil exporters are highly dependent on their oil revenues, and fear rapid drops in the
1802:
361:, the US would not be able to achieve energy independence. As of 2014, the United States imposed an import tariff of 54 cents a gallon on ethanol fuel (there is no such import tariff on oil or
3432:
1978:"Balestrini, Santiago. "The Nuclear Option for Long-Term Energy Independence: Report for the 2006/2007 Sam Nunn Security Program Energy Policy Exercise". Pp. 1–26. December 16, 2008"
3208:
806:, nuclear power plants aren't a solution to energy independence either, since uranium must be imported: currently, 80% of US uranium is imported, mainly from Russia and Canada.
522:
was launched to create oil self-sufficiency within Canada. It attempted to use tax incentives to discourage oil exports (mostly from Western Canada, primarily the province of
1161:
1135:
1775:
708:
and then by the end of August to 9,700,000 barrels per day. Even at these low levels of production, the U.S. remained a net exporter due to the suppression of demand.
781:
Natural gas was not a viable portion of US energy as of 2008, since we may have peaked in domestic reserves: US imports of natural gas from Canada tripled since 1973.
1823:
859:, such as occurred in late 2008 and in 2014/2015. Second, this fear restrains destructive actions by exporters: Howard cites the example of Russia's 2008 invasion of
488:. There have been several proposals to privatize Pemex since, but they have never come to fruition as many Mexicans fear foreign control of this strategic industry.
778:
and solar power, are expensive and intermittent, and lack the infrastructure and technology needed to properly store the energy they harness from the environment:
473:
In Canada and Mexico there is also the concern not to have energy policy dictated by the United States, as well as tension over US ownership of energy companies.
681:
would be kicking off the formal process to expand areas available for offshore drilling of oil and natural gas. He vowed to create "American energy dominance".
1292:
3483:
2332:
1050:
511:
opposition parties opposed American involvement in the pipeline while the Liberal government supported it. The Liberals were defeated in the 1957 election.
3543:
3527:
1213:
279:, either known or potential. Those who favor increasing domestic oil production often suggest removing many of the limitations on oil exploration in the
3674:
1518:
1750:
3243:
2240:
1905:
1880:"U.S. natural gas production and consumption increase in nearly all AEO2018 cases - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
206:
3383:
1924:
2174:
784:
However, US gross natural gas production set new all-time record highs each year from 2007 through 2013, due in part to new methods to extract
518:. It began operations in 1976, though it bought assets from private companies rather than seizing them as in many other countries. In 1980 the
257:
48:
2090:
1859:
1727:
1490:
3494:
3488:
3265:
3203:
1015:
300:
2407:
688:(LNG) exports had quadrupled. The value of US LNG exports was estimated to reach nearly $ 5 billion in 2018 and $ 12 billion in 2019.
673:
celebration of June 2017, President Trump announced that he was formally seeking a review of US energy policies, in order to help the
2325:
1575:
822:
From that point, US oil production rose rapidly during 2009–2013; US crude oil production for 2013 was 49% higher than that of 2008.
3517:
3368:
3217:
2658:
504:
388:
Oil imports are most problematic in domestic politics and energy security when they come from countries that are openly hostile to
376:
In the United States, oil is primarily consumed as fuel for cars, buses, trucks and airplanes (in the form of gasoline, diesel and
2143:
1385:
1536:
1169:
1139:
3547:
2653:
2432:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2300:
935:
151:
757:, including the protection of worldwide energy security upon which the global economy is dependent, will remain a US priority.
3684:
2673:
2116:
2071:
397:
2387:
1779:
3679:
3328:
3270:
3253:
2318:
1977:
508:
3479:
2738:
127:
1840:
760:
Terrorism will not decline in the Middle East if the US ceases to buy oil, because terrorism is not funded by oil money.
233:
but it did not go beyond research. In mid-century the country shifted from being a major exporter to a net importer. An
3653:
3648:
3238:
2663:
2372:
954:
532:
405:
288:
246:
238:
1264:
549:
3522:
3373:
3338:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3248:
2923:
2427:
1242:
1040:
1020:
693:
276:
699:
In March 2019, crude oil prices regained momentum after reports showed an unexpected drop in US fuel supplies. The
3348:
2683:
1967:
Bryce, Robert. Gusher of Lies: The Dangerous Delusions of "Energy Independence". New York, NY: PublicAffairs, 2008.
1055:
725:
has been continuously since March 2022. By the definition commonly used, the United States is energy independent.
527:
401:
393:
41:
1317:
1192:
3312:
3285:
2953:
2928:
2648:
1626:
1342:
775:
622:
284:
3424:
3628:
3353:
3280:
3233:
3198:
2668:
2480:
492:
434:
230:
155:
503:
and whether the route should be entirely within Canada or partly through the United States. The right-leaning
256:
The US's dependence on foreign oil rose from 26 percent to 47 percent between 1985 and 1989. According to the
229:
In the early 20th century the United States became a major oil supplier to the world. World War II prompted a
3592:
3343:
3275:
2888:
2853:
2200:
1828:, As Trump administration grants approval for Keystone XL pipeline, an old fight is reignited, March 24, 2017
939:
195:
2215:
3358:
3333:
3098:
2933:
2833:
2793:
2643:
2605:
2422:
700:
409:
269:
187:
166:, peaked at 60% in 2005, and then returned to 35% by 2013 thanks to increased domestic production from the
147:
143:
139:
902:: resilience goes hand in hand with adaptability, and it also is reflected in important market ideas like
3643:
3168:
3078:
3043:
2893:
2883:
2878:
2858:
2341:
911:
819:
US oil reserves cannot be relied upon: US oil production in 2008 had been steadily declining since 1970.
250:
84:
2248:
1709:
87:. Some proposals for achieving energy independence would permit imports from the neighboring nations of
3462:
3307:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3103:
2808:
2723:
2555:
573:
373:, which yields much more fuel per acre than the corn used for ethanol production in the United States.
265:
261:
162:. The fraction of crude oil consumed in the US that was imported went from 35% immediately before the
3694:
3689:
3398:
3363:
2988:
2843:
2838:
2713:
2382:
2377:
663:
638:
191:
159:
2044:
1548:
3571:
3378:
3163:
3088:
3083:
2978:
2938:
2898:
2803:
2778:
2560:
2360:
763:
Although vast oil supplies are found in an unstable region subject to difficult geopolitics, these
3173:
3138:
3053:
2918:
2868:
2848:
2823:
2813:
2798:
2788:
2773:
2753:
2728:
2718:
2708:
2610:
2525:
1495:
973:
851:
519:
442:
350:
88:
1648:
1360:
3388:
3158:
3113:
3093:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3008:
2993:
2983:
2973:
2943:
2913:
2818:
2758:
2733:
2703:
2693:
2565:
651:
627:
366:
346:
324:
526:) to the US, and redirect these towards to the oil importing provinces of Eastern Canada. The
3258:
3178:
3153:
3063:
3013:
2968:
2873:
2828:
2768:
2743:
2698:
2585:
2470:
2019:
1600:
739:
magazine, almost two-thirds of respondents said energy independence was not a sensible goal.
685:
122:, the U.S. produces more energy than it uses. In May 2011, the U.S. became a net exporter of
426:
225:
Trend of US net imports (imports minus exports) of natural gas, 1973–2017 (data from US EIA)
3602:
3118:
3073:
3023:
2998:
2963:
2903:
2783:
2748:
2550:
2460:
2057:
1864:
1447:
1091:
872:
614:
500:
485:
186:. Proponents argue that the potential for political unrest in major oil suppliers, such as
21:
8:
3623:
3143:
3033:
3003:
2908:
2863:
2763:
2615:
2590:
2535:
2520:
2365:
1269:
1010:
678:
631:
499:
which concerned whether or not the government should allow a US-owned company to build a
462:
316:
100:
1879:
1451:
3597:
3576:
3148:
3108:
3018:
2575:
2540:
2530:
2500:
2465:
2455:
2397:
2194:
2151:
1471:
1113:
1060:
876:
828:
421:
320:
296:
183:
16:
Idea of eliminating the need for the United States to import foreign sources of energy
2620:
2600:
2505:
2475:
2392:
2112:
1463:
1438:
1238:
1114:"How much of the oil produced in the United States is consumed in the United States?"
899:
860:
642:
389:
292:
138:
As of March 2015, 85% of crude oil imports came from, in order of decreasing volume,
2127:
1475:
329:
Some proponents of US energy independence promote wider use of alternatives such as
2580:
2545:
2515:
2490:
2450:
1455:
1065:
919:
454:
438:
92:
1697:
3454:
3393:
2595:
2495:
1459:
1000:
915:
903:
868:
799:
789:
647:
496:
477:
242:
210:
179:
163:
112:
1411:
891:
2570:
2510:
2485:
907:
840:
832:
803:
735:
577:
342:
304:
280:
2310:
429:, called North American energy security a "common goal" of Canada and Mexico.
3668:
3412:
2241:"Center for Resource Solutions Supports Al Gore's 100% Renewable Energy Goal"
1070:
1025:
987:
895:
674:
468:
362:
241:) limited imports to a fraction of domestic production until 1973. After the
175:
108:
64:
1751:"Report Sees U.S. as Top Oil Producer, Overtaking Saudi Arabia, in 5 Years"
1467:
1045:
1005:
943:
856:
754:
593:
561:
553:
515:
446:
330:
234:
199:
131:
123:
104:
103:
is espoused by those who want to leave the US unaffected by global energy
29:
2270:
2005:
1343:"Actual net imports also peaked in 2005, regardless of changes in demand"
764:
750:
Energy independence will not decrease US involvement in the Middle East.
458:
264:. The US's imports of foreign oil fell to 36 percent in 2013 (during the
2175:"Planet Ark : Gore: Make All US Electricity From Renewable Sources"
1906:"The U.S. Just Became a Net Oil Exporter for the First Time in 75 Years"
1136:"The World Factbook – COUNTRY COMPARISON :: CRUDE OIL – PRODUCTION"
914:
of the US energy economy is to shift use from petroleum to electricity (
887:
56:
1030:
883:
558:
the United States will never again import as much oil as it did in 1977
260:, by 2012, American energy independence had decreased by 22% since the
1674:"MSN - Outlook, Office, Skype, Bing, Breaking News, and Latest Videos"
630:
to pipeline building, and the production practices in the source (the
785:
717:
370:
354:
338:
221:
167:
80:
967:
918:), that can be produced using multiple sources of energy, including
174:
Greater energy self-sufficiency, it is claimed, would prevent major
1035:
377:
334:
1925:"Oil Gains as Industry Report Shows Unexpected Cut in U.S. Supply"
37:
2178:
1193:"4-Week Avg U.S. Net Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products"
1111:
1089:
995:
981:
931:
836:
746:
The structure of the argument of critics is arranged as follows:
618:
523:
358:
119:
879:, which had prevented Libya from increasing its oil production.
3471:
1730:. The White House Office of the Press Secretary. March 30, 2011
1436:
Abelson, Philip H. (October 26, 1990). "Transportation Fuels".
253:
were created to address the problem of fuel import dependency.
126:
petroleum products. By 2014, the United States was the world's
76:
1537:"Is Energy Independence Really Possible In The United States?"
1293:"Congratulations, America. You're (Almost) Energy Independent"
1214:"International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
666:
promised "complete" independence from foreign sources of oil.
295:. Foreign dependence is not the only factor in North American
3455:
Trilateral relations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States
2109:
The Oil Hunters: Exploration and Espionage in the Middle East
1190:
864:
704:
bullish numbers, and if reinforced it will be more bullish".
481:
60:
Trend of net energy imports into the United States, 1985–2013
198:, is abundant, and often causes great fluctuations in crude
827:
Energy-efficient electrical and electronic devices require
641:
announced the granting of a permit for construction of the
450:
2172:
469:
Programs to limit US energy interests by Canada and Mexico
209:
and other fuel infrastructure and extraction projects are
608:
2144:"Andy Grove: Energy resilience, not energy independence"
75:
is the concept of eliminating or substantially reducing
3607:
2304:. United States: The National Bureau of Asian Research.
1728:"Remarks by the President on America's Energy Security"
1673:
1491:"W&J College index details U.S. energy consumption"
1318:"U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)"
946:
have publicly stated they support Al Gore's AERS goal.
938:(AERS) like solar and wind power in 10 years. Both the
1841:"U.S. energy independence looks 'tantalizingly close'"
301:
environmental concerns around land and water pollution
268:), down from a high of 60 percent in 2006 (during the
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1239:"Petroleum and other Liquids – Company Level Imports"
383:
3544:
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
3528:
North American Transportation Statistics Interchange
1941:
Yergin, Daniel; "How is Energy Remaking the World?"
1112:
Energy Information Administration (March 12, 2015).
963:
934:
challenged the United States to commit to producing
514:
In 1973 Canada created its own state energy company
476:
In 1937 Mexico passed a constitutional amendment to
2301:
Energy Security and the Asia-Pacific: Course Reader
1090:Energy Information Administration (April 4, 2022).
898:. He suggests instead that the objective should be
894:objective, particularly in a network of integrated
449:in an era when suppliers may begin to price oil in
275:Many proponents of energy independence look to the
1948:
1860:"Trump vows to create 'American energy dominance'"
1795:"Obama rejects TransCanada's Keystone XL pipeline"
1649:"The State of the Union: A Look Between the Lines"
1516:
1162:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
1051:Securing America's Energy Independence Act of 2007
3666:
2111:, 2008, Hambledon Continuum, London / New York,
677:industry prosper. Trump also announced that the
419:. In 2012 in an editorial to Canadian newspaper
2340:
1776:"Ewart: Obama could dally on Keystone decision"
788:. Despite record withdrawals, the volume of US
480:its oil industry, which led to the creation of
437:, reducing exposure to terrorism abroad; lower
415:A related, less absolute, policy may be called
408:) or have questionable human rights practices (
258:Washington & Jefferson College Energy Index
2181:. Archived from the original on August 3, 2008
1361:"The Case for Allowing U.S. Crude Oil Exports"
465:technology exportable to energy-poor nations.
3440:
2326:
1923:Nussbaum, Alex; Foldy, Ben (March 11, 2019).
1922:
1576:"For Mexico and Canada, there's room to grow"
728:
495:was fought partially in response to the 1956
277:United States' untapped domestic oil reserves
158:. Nineteen percent of imported oil came from
107:disruptions and would restrict reliance upon
1722:
1720:
1718:
1601:"Mexican Expropriation of Foreign Oil, 1938"
1549:"The Silver Bullet: Plug-in Biofuel Hybrids"
1016:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
906:. Resilience is one of the best features of
2020:"US demand for uranium seen rising sharply"
3447:
3433:
2333:
2319:
2141:
1786:
1749:Rosenthal, Elisabeth (November 12, 2012).
1573:
538:
404:), are former or potential future rivals (
2072:"The Truth About Rare Earths and Hybrids"
1748:
1715:
1574:Peña Nieto, Enrique (November 27, 2012).
1262:
25:US oil production, imports, & exports
3675:Energy conservation in the United States
3518:Commission for Environmental Cooperation
1624:
543:
220:
63:
55:
47:
36:
28:
20:
2213:
1435:
711:
657:
587:
68:Sources of crude oil imports, 1985–2015
3667:
3548:North American Competitiveness Council
3484:Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
2418:Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act
2069:
2056:US Energy Information Administration,
2017:
2004:US Energy Information Administration,
1792:
1517:Thomas L. Friedman (August 24, 2013).
1386:"America lifts its ban on oil exports"
936:all electricity from renewable sources
650:aimed at reviving the Keystone XL and
609:Keystone XL Pipeline - Obama vs. Trump
567:
353:said that without a shift to domestic
3495:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement
3428:
2314:
2088:
2043:US Energy Information Administration
1519:"Foreign Policy by Whisper and Nudge"
886:argued that energy independence is a
684:In May 2018, it was reported that US
1903:
1857:
1838:
1710:How dependent are we on foreign oil?
1488:
849:In 2008, Roger Howard has argued in
733:In a 2012 poll of energy experts by
598:Blueprint for a Secure Energy Future
509:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
3480:North American Free Trade Agreement
2018:Megumi, Yamanaka (April 16, 2007).
1256:
1191:Energy Information Administration.
875:in exchange for the US lifting its
239:Dwight D. Eisenhower administration
216:
211:controversial issues in US politics
128:third largest producer of crude oil
95:, in which case it would be called
13:
3608:North American energy independence
2173:Jasmin Melvin; Deborah Zabarenko.
1627:"Crisis of Confidence Speech 1979"
1290:
955:Renewable energy commercialization
384:North American energy independence
357:for fuel, such as natural gas and
289:Arctic Refuge drilling controversy
247:United States Department of Energy
97:North American energy independence
52:US energy product trade, 2000–2017
14:
3706:
2292:
1904:Blas, Javier (December 6, 2018).
1793:Koring, Paul (November 6, 2015).
1243:Energy Information Administration
1041:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
1021:Ethanol fuel in the United States
694:Energy Information Administration
349:. A 2013 report published by the
307:are also matters of controversy.
83:to satisfy the nation's need for
73:United States energy independence
2070:Farago, Robert (July 23, 2009).
1824:Brady Dennis and Steven Mufson,
1698:Bush in a lighter shade of green
1056:Solar power in the United States
980:
966:
528:Foreign Investment Review Agency
202:, especially in the short term.
44:production, imports, and exports
2263:
2233:
2207:
2166:
2135:
2132:, Wall Street Journal, 11/29/08
2121:
2101:
2082:
2063:
2050:
2037:
2011:
1998:
1970:
1935:
1916:
1897:
1872:
1858:Cama, Timothy (June 29, 2017).
1851:
1832:
1817:
1768:
1742:
1703:
1691:
1666:
1641:
1618:
1593:
1567:
1541:
1529:
1510:
1482:
1429:
1404:
1378:
1353:
1335:
1310:
1133:
930:In 2008, former vice president
925:
285:Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
3654:Mexico–United States relations
3649:Canada–United States relations
3523:North American Leaders' Summit
3489:Agreement on Labor Cooperation
1912:– via www.bloomberg.com.
1489:Luna, Taryn (April 30, 2012).
1284:
1231:
1206:
1184:
1154:
1127:
1105:
1083:
839:, which mostly comes from the
533:Canada–US Free Trade Agreement
435:North American Free Trade Area
417:North American energy security
231:Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program
1:
3593:North American monetary union
1839:Egan, Matt (August 9, 2016).
1092:"U.S. Energy Facts Explained"
1076:
940:Center for Resource Solutions
718:President Joseph R. Biden Jr.
310:
270:George W. Bush administration
3685:Economy of the United States
2423:Renewable portfolio standard
2076:International Business Times
2024:International Herald Tribune
1460:10.1126/science.250.4980.485
1365:Council on Foreign Relations
701:American Petroleum Institute
669:During his administration's
237:imposed in 1959 (during the
7:
3680:Energy in the United States
2342:Energy in the United States
2089:Mills, Mark (May 5, 2008).
959:
501:trans-Canadian gas pipeline
266:Barack Obama administration
251:Synthetic Fuels Corporation
109:politically unstable states
10:
3711:
3463:North American integration
3218:Vehicle emission standards
2245:www.resource-solutions.org
2216:"Al Gore Sets Energy Goal"
2060:, accessed March 21, 2014.
2008:, accessed March 21, 2014.
952:
729:Benefits of oil dependence
574:State of the Union Address
314:
262:Presidency of Harry Truman
3639:
3616:
3585:
3561:
3536:
3510:
3503:
3469:
3460:
3407:
3321:
3226:
3191:
2952:
2682:
2636:
2629:
2441:
2348:
2199:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1535:Aronoff and Taft (2014).
664:President Donald J. Trump
639:President Donald J. Trump
505:Progressive Conservatives
3572:The Council of Canadians
3204:Greenhouse gas emissions
2413:Offshore drilling debate
2383:Energy Policy Act (2005)
2378:Energy Policy Act (1992)
2298:Herberg, Mikkal (2014).
2148:www.knowledgeproblem.com
425:Mexican president elect
120:total energy consumption
3644:Canada–Mexico relations
2275:Energy British Columbia
1945:July/August 2012 pg. 61
1496:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
974:Renewable energy portal
852:The Wall Street Journal
831:which mostly come from
539:U.S. presidential views
520:National Energy Program
461:; and the promotion of
351:Fuel Freedom Foundation
3209:State and territory CO
873:nuclear weapon program
716:In January 2021, when
628:environmental movement
493:1957 Canadian election
367:Ethanol fuel in Brazil
347:alternative propulsion
325:Mitigation of peak oil
226:
69:
61:
53:
45:
34:
33:Oil imports by country
26:
3227:Governmental agencies
2408:Nuclear energy policy
2047:, September 27, 2012.
1782:on November 13, 2012.
1265:"Energy Independence"
953:Further information:
942:and former president
686:liquefied natural gas
544:Carter administration
453:; the development of
224:
67:
59:
51:
40:
32:
24:
3603:North American Union
3192:Environmental issues
2091:"Go Long on Lithium"
2058:Crude oil production
712:Biden administration
658:Trump administration
615:Keystone XL pipeline
588:Obama administration
486:national oil company
457:sources to displace
3624:2026 FIFA World Cup
2428:Secretary of Energy
2356:Energy independence
2154:on October 13, 2008
1826:The Washington Post
1805:on January 20, 2016
1555:. February 19, 2010
1452:1990Sci...250..485A
1392:. December 18, 2015
1270:Wall Street Journal
1011:Energy independence
829:rare earth elements
679:Interior Department
632:Athabasca oil sands
592:In 2011, President
568:Bush administration
463:energy conservation
317:Energy conservation
101:Energy independence
3598:NAFTA superhighway
3586:Theorized projects
3577:John Birch Society
2398:Fossil fuels lobby
2271:"Large Hydropower"
2251:on January 5, 2009
2220:greentechmedia.com
1799:The Globe and Mail
1755:The New York Times
1629:. Cartercenter.org
1580:The Globe and Mail
1523:The New York Times
1061:Sustainable energy
877:economic sanctions
869:Muammar al-Gaddafi
798:In the absence of
427:Enrique Peña Nieto
422:The Globe and Mail
321:Energy development
227:
184:1979 energy crisis
176:supply disruptions
70:
62:
54:
46:
35:
27:
3662:
3661:
3569:Anti-integration:
3557:
3556:
3422:
3421:
3187:
3186:
2433:Smart grid policy
2403:Hydropower policy
2393:Federal Power Act
2117:978-1-84725-232-6
1605:history.state.gov
1297:POLITICO Magazine
1172:on April 27, 2015
1142:on April 27, 2015
900:energy resilience
753:Interests in the
390:US foreign policy
369:is produced from
293:continental shelf
205:Large individual
3702:
3695:Energy in Mexico
3690:Energy in Canada
3508:
3507:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3425:
2929:Washington, D.C.
2634:
2633:
2388:Energy subsidies
2349:Politics and law
2335:
2328:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2247:. Archived from
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2150:. Archived from
2142:Lynne Kiesling.
2139:
2133:
2125:
2119:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2015:
2009:
2006:Natural gas data
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1830:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1801:. Archived from
1790:
1784:
1783:
1778:. Archived from
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1724:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1291:Yergin, Daniel.
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1168:. Archived from
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1138:. Archived from
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1087:
1066:Wind engineering
990:
985:
984:
976:
971:
970:
908:market processes
904:substitutability
800:breeder reactors
580:used the phrase
455:renewable energy
445:stresses on the
443:foreign exchange
439:balance of trade
305:greenhouse gases
291:) and the outer
217:Historical trend
3710:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3635:
3612:
3581:
3553:
3532:
3504:Official bodies
3499:
3465:
3456:
3453:
3423:
3418:
3403:
3317:
3222:
3212:
3183:
2955:
2948:
2685:
2678:
2625:
2443:
2442:Energy by state
2437:
2344:
2339:
2308:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2212:
2208:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2122:
2106:
2102:
2087:
2083:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2016:
2012:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1949:
1940:
1936:
1921:
1917:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1856:
1852:
1837:
1833:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1791:
1787:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1487:
1483:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1263:Daniel Yergin.
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1001:Carter Doctrine
986:
979:
972:
965:
962:
957:
928:
916:electrification
896:global exchange
804:fusion reactors
790:proved reserves
731:
714:
660:
648:executive order
637:In March 2017,
611:
590:
582:addicted to oil
570:
546:
541:
497:Pipeline Debate
471:
400:, and formerly
392:and interests (
386:
343:plug-in hybrids
327:
315:Main articles:
313:
297:energy politics
243:1973 oil crisis
219:
180:1973 oil crisis
164:1973 oil crisis
160:the Middle East
113:energy security
17:
12:
11:
5:
3708:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3199:CAFE standards
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3099:North Carolina
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:South Carolina
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:North Carolina
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2561:North Carolina
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2294:
2293:External links
2291:
2288:
2287:
2262:
2232:
2206:
2165:
2134:
2120:
2100:
2081:
2062:
2049:
2036:
2010:
1997:
1969:
1947:
1943:Foreign Policy
1934:
1915:
1896:
1871:
1850:
1831:
1816:
1785:
1767:
1741:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1665:
1640:
1625:Jimmy Carter.
1617:
1592:
1566:
1553:PluginCars.com
1540:
1528:
1509:
1481:
1428:
1403:
1377:
1352:
1334:
1309:
1283:
1255:
1230:
1205:
1183:
1153:
1126:
1104:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
992:
991:
977:
961:
958:
927:
924:
847:
846:
845:
844:
841:Salar de Uyuni
833:Inner Mongolia
825:
824:
823:
817:
816:
815:
807:
796:
795:
794:
771:
770:
769:
761:
758:
736:Foreign Policy
730:
727:
713:
710:
659:
656:
610:
607:
589:
586:
578:George W. Bush
569:
566:
556:declared that
550:Malaise speech
545:
542:
540:
537:
470:
467:
385:
382:
312:
309:
281:Gulf of Mexico
218:
215:
42:US natural gas
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3707:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:Miscellaneous
3615:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3415:
3414:
3413:Energy portal
3410:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
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3367:
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3362:
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3357:
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3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:Organizations
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3177:
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3079:New Hampshire
3077:
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3065:
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3044:Massachusetts
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2834:New Hampshire
2832:
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2794:Massachusetts
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2280:September 26,
2276:
2272:
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2255:September 27,
2250:
2246:
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2225:September 27,
2221:
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2214:Ucilia Wang.
2210:
2202:
2196:
2185:September 27,
2180:
2176:
2169:
2158:September 27,
2153:
2149:
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2138:
2131:
2130:
2129:An Ode to Oil
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2110:
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2096:
2092:
2085:
2077:
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2021:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1986:
1985:janosburg.net
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1973:
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1446:(4980): 485.
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1390:The Economist
1387:
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1276:September 27,
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672:
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655:
653:
652:Dakota Access
649:
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363:methanol fuel
360:
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3562:Lobby groups
3411:
3134:South Dakota
3129:Rhode Island
3124:Pennsylvania
3104:North Dakota
2894:South Dakota
2884:Rhode Island
2879:Pennsylvania
2859:North Dakota
2566:North Dakota
2444:or territory
2355:
2307:
2299:
2278:. Retrieved
2274:
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:the original
2244:
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2168:
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2152:the original
2147:
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2029:December 16,
2027:. Retrieved
2023:
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1984:
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1942:
1937:
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1883:
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1803:the original
1798:
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1770:
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1754:
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1712:10 May 2013.
1705:
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1620:
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1579:
1569:
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1552:
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1502:December 16,
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1321:
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1268:
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1233:
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1186:
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1170:the original
1165:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:the original
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1107:
1097:November 30,
1095:. Retrieved
1085:
1046:Pickens Plan
1006:Electric car
948:
944:Barack Obama
929:
926:Green Energy
881:
871:gave up his
857:price of oil
850:
848:
755:Persian Gulf
745:
741:
734:
732:
723:
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698:
690:
683:
670:
668:
661:
636:
612:
603:
597:
594:Barack Obama
591:
581:
576:, President
572:In his 2006
571:
557:
554:Jimmy Carter
552:, President
547:
516:Petro-Canada
513:
507:and leftist
490:
475:
472:
459:fossil fuels
431:
420:
416:
414:
410:Saudi Arabia
387:
375:
331:ethanol fuel
328:
274:
255:
235:import quota
228:
207:US pipelines
204:
188:Saudi Arabia
173:
144:Saudi Arabia
137:
132:Saudi Arabia
117:
96:
72:
71:
18:
2989:Connecticut
2809:Mississippi
2724:Connecticut
2586:Puerto Rico
2471:Connecticut
1990:February 6,
1884:www.eia.gov
1809:November 6,
1760:February 6,
1734:October 31,
1683:February 6,
1658:February 6,
1585:January 27,
1421:February 6,
1396:February 6,
1370:February 6,
1347:www.eia.gov
1327:February 6,
1322:www.eia.gov
1302:February 6,
1223:October 26,
1218:www.eia.gov
1198:December 1,
1176:February 6,
1166:www.cia.gov
843:in Bolivia.
765:geopolitics
671:Energy Week
654:pipelines.
643:Keystone XL
478:nationalize
299:, however;
3669:Categories
3629:United bid
3164:Washington
3089:New Mexico
3084:New Jersey
2979:California
2924:Washington
2844:New Mexico
2839:New Jersey
2714:California
2654:Geothermal
2606:Washington
2551:New Mexico
2461:California
2361:Energy law
2107:author of
1700:, BBC News
1077:References
1031:Oil battle
920:renewables
912:resilience
892:infeasible
884:Andy Grove
623:Gulf Coast
447:US economy
355:feedstocks
345:and other
311:Approaches
200:oil prices
3213:emissions
3174:Wisconsin
3139:Tennessee
3054:Minnesota
2939:Wisconsin
2899:Tennessee
2804:Minnesota
2779:Louisiana
2674:Renewable
2669:Petroleum
2616:Wisconsin
2591:Tennessee
2536:Minnesota
2521:Louisiana
2195:cite news
1929:Bloomberg
1910:Bloomberg
1889:March 19,
1633:March 30,
1610:March 10,
882:In 2008,
786:Shale gas
535:of 1988.
398:Venezuela
371:sugarcane
339:biodiesel
192:Venezuela
178:like the
168:shale oil
152:Venezuela
81:petroleum
3472:Treaties
3470:Enacted
3159:Virginia
3114:Oklahoma
3094:New York
3069:Nebraska
3059:Missouri
3049:Michigan
3039:Maryland
3029:Kentucky
3009:Illinois
2994:Delaware
2984:Colorado
2974:Arkansas
2919:Virginia
2869:Oklahoma
2849:New York
2824:Nebraska
2814:Missouri
2799:Michigan
2789:Maryland
2774:Kentucky
2754:Illinois
2729:Delaware
2719:Colorado
2709:Arkansas
2684:Solar by
2637:Material
2576:Oklahoma
2556:New York
2541:Missouri
2531:Michigan
2501:Illinois
2466:Colorado
2456:Arkansas
2366:New York
1865:The Hill
1845:CNNMoney
1559:April 1,
1476:41350597
1468:17751464
1036:Peak oil
960:See also
867:, where
378:jet fuel
335:methanol
182:and the
156:Colombia
130:, after
111:for its
3537:Defunct
3179:Wyoming
3154:Vermont
3064:Montana
3014:Indiana
2969:Arizona
2954:Wind by
2944:Wyoming
2914:Vermont
2819:Montana
2759:Indiana
2739:Georgia
2734:Florida
2704:Arizona
2694:Alabama
2664:Nuclear
2644:Biofuel
2630:Sources
2621:Wyoming
2601:Vermont
2506:Indiana
2481:Georgia
2476:Florida
2179:Reuters
1653:NPR.org
1448:Bibcode
1439:Science
1416:Econlib
1248:May 31,
1146:May 31,
1119:May 30,
996:Autarky
932:Al Gore
861:Georgia
837:lithium
768:region.
621:to the
619:Alberta
548:In his
524:Alberta
359:biomass
196:Nigeria
124:refined
3511:Active
3119:Oregon
3074:Nevada
3024:Kansas
2999:Hawaii
2964:Alaska
2874:Oregon
2829:Nevada
2769:Kansas
2744:Hawaii
2699:Alaska
2581:Oregon
2546:Nevada
2516:Kansas
2491:Hawaii
2451:Alaska
2115:
2095:Forbes
1474:
1466:
1412:"OPEC"
888:flawed
835:, and
562:Carter
484:, the
406:Russia
323:, and
283:, the
245:, the
194:, and
154:, and
148:Mexico
140:Canada
105:supply
93:Mexico
89:Canada
85:energy
77:import
3384:NRECA
3329:ACORE
3144:Texas
3034:Maine
3004:Idaho
2956:state
2904:Texas
2784:Maine
2749:Idaho
2686:state
2596:Texas
2496:Idaho
1981:(PDF)
1472:S2CID
1134:CIA.
865:Libya
814:coal.
793:2007.
617:from
482:Pemex
451:euros
287:(see
3374:EPRI
3369:EESI
3354:BTEC
3349:AWEA
3344:ASES
3339:APPA
3313:USGS
3301:WAPA
3296:SWPA
3291:SEPA
3281:PMAs
3271:FERC
3254:NREL
3244:EERE
3234:CARB
3149:Utah
3109:Ohio
3019:Iowa
2909:Utah
2864:Ohio
2764:Iowa
2649:Coal
2571:Ohio
2511:Iowa
2486:Guam
2282:2023
2257:2008
2227:2008
2201:link
2187:2008
2160:2008
2113:ISBN
2031:2008
1992:2019
1891:2019
1811:2015
1762:2019
1736:2020
1685:2019
1660:2019
1635:2012
1612:2022
1587:2017
1561:2017
1504:2012
1464:PMID
1423:2019
1398:2019
1372:2019
1329:2019
1304:2019
1278:2008
1250:2015
1225:2021
1200:2019
1178:2019
1148:2015
1121:2015
1099:2017
890:and
776:wind
613:The
491:The
441:and
402:Iraq
394:Iran
303:and
249:and
91:and
3399:RMI
3394:PIA
3389:PFI
3379:NEI
3364:EEI
3359:EBI
3334:API
3308:TVA
3286:BPA
3276:NRC
3266:EPA
3249:EIA
3239:DOE
1678:MSN
1456:doi
1444:250
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634:).
564:),
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