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through these standards: the country's budget was balanced, its debt was diminished, economic growth directed now toward the U.S.; infrastructure projects produced new roads that allowed the movement of military personnel across all the country's regions for the first time in history; a professional military organization that took away the power from local elites and made soldiers more loyal to the national government, the
Dominican Constabulary Guard, replaced the former partisan forces responsible for the civil war with groups under the control of U.S. Marines. The Constabulary Guard, later known as the National Guard, would persecute and torture those who opposed the occupation.
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possible moment by the artillery barrage. The
Marines came under heavy but inaccurate rifle fire, which caused some casualties. The Dominican soldiers were forced to retreat to their trenches on the second hill. They rallied there briefly, then broke and had to retreat again as the American field guns resumed their shelling of the hill. Within 45 minutes from the opening artillery shots, the Marines had forced the Dominicans to fall back. During the battle, five Marines were killed and four were wounded, and five Dominicans were killed. This engagement set the pattern for most Marine contact with the Dominican forces. Marines overpowered Dominicans with modern artillery,
75:
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546:, where Juan Perez, a local governor and supporter of Arias, along with his followers, stood their ground and refused to surrender their weapons. Williams, in his capacity as district commander, initially sent a message demanding the governor's retreat from the fort and the release of prisoners. However, the Dominican governor allegedly defiantly scrawled "Come and get me!" across the ultimatum in reply. During the early hours of the following evening, Williams led a detachment of 12 marines in a surprise attack on the fort and stormed the gate, resulting in a
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constructed in just three hours, the makeshift bridge facilitated the transportation of heavy guns and trucks across the ravine. The first major engagement occurred on June 27, at Las
Trencheras, two ridges, which had been fortified by the Dominicans and long thought to be invulnerable, since a Spanish army had been defeated there in 1864. There the Dominican troops had dug trenches on two hills, one behind the other, blocking the road to Santiago.
517:. However, "A military encounter was avoided when Arias arrived at an agreement with Capteron to cease resistance." Arias surrendered to the Dominican governor of the city of Santiago. Three days after Arias left the country, the rest of the occupation forces landed and took control of the country within two months, and on November 29, the United States imposed martial law and established a military government under Captain (later Rear Admiral)
559:
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745:, an American ally who cooperated with the United States government, handily defeated Peynado. Vásquez's Alliance Party (Partido Alianza) also won a comfortable majority in both houses of Congress. With his inauguration on July 13, control of the republic returned to Dominican hands. U.S. forces withdrew on September 18, 1924, and handed policing authority to the Dominican National Guard.
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of United States officers for the constabulary, or
National Guard, and the holding of elections under United States supervision. Popular reaction to the plan was overwhelmingly negative. Moderate Dominican leaders, however, used the plan as the basis for further negotiations that resulted in an agreement between U.S. Secretary of State
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the United States control over the country's custom revenues. In 1941, the treaty was officially repealed and control over the country's custom revenues was again returned to the government of the
Dominican Republic. However this treaty created lasting resentment of the United States among the people of the Dominican Republic.
721:
and the
Dominican Republic. In June 1921, United States representatives presented a withdrawal proposal, known as the Harding Plan, which called for Dominican ratification of all acts of the military government, approval of a loan of US$ 2.5 million for public works and other expenses, the acceptance
485:
The
Marines, numbering 800, encountered an entrenched rebel force of 80 at Guayacanas. The Dominicans had dug defensive trenches and set up a roadblock with felled trees. Camouflaged by the removal of excavated earth, the enemy's position was so well concealed that the Marines had difficulty locating
469:
on June 1 and enforced a blockade. The marines were able to occupy Monte Cristi without meeting any resistance. However, when the marines attacked Puerto Plata, they were met with resistance from about 500 pro-Arias
Dominicans. Though they were under heavy fire, the marines persisted in attempting to
582:
Marines claimed to have restored order throughout most of the republic, with the exception of the eastern region, but resistance to the occupation from
Dominicans continued widespread in both, direct and indirect forms in every place. The U.S. occupation administration, however, measured its success
389:
by threatening the city with naval bombardment. The
Marines landed three days later and established effective control of the country within two months. Three major roads were built, largely for military purposes, connecting for the first time the capital with Santiago in the Cibao, Azua in the west,
753:
Despite the withdrawal, there were still concerns regarding the collection and application of the country's custom revenues. To address this problem, representatives of the United States and the Dominican Republic governments met at a convention and signed a treaty, on December 27, 1924, which gave
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Dominican migrants in Cuba began a successful campaign to denounce the U.S. occupation while Latin American governments also protested. According to the United States Department of State, U.S. Senate investigations "proved embarrassing" to the Wilson administration after Dominican witnesses argued
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Inquiry Into Occupation and Administration of Haiti and Santo Domingo: Hearings Before a Select Committee on Haiti and Santo Domingo, United States Senate, Sixty-seventh Congress, First and Second Sessions, Pursuant to S. Res. 112 Authorizing a Special Committee to Inquire Into the Occupation and
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The field guns of Captain Chandler Campbell's 13th Company, along with a machine gun platoon, took position on a hill overlooking the enemy trenches and opened fire. Under the cover of this fire, the Marines launched a bayonet charge on the defenders' first line of defense, covered until the last
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aircraft equipped with Lewis .30-caliber machine guns mounted on scarf mounts for their counter-insurgency operations. The fighting in the countryside ended in a stalemate, and the guerrillas agreed to a conditional surrender. The number of U.S. Marines stationed in the Dominican Republic never
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landed to offer protection to the Haitian Legation, a country under a similar military occupation by the United States. Two days after the first landing, constitutional President Jimenes resigned rather than accede to U.S. demands for greater political and economic control. On May 13, Rear Adm.
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The Dominicans destroyed bridges and sabotaged railroad tracks on their retreat to impede the Americans' advance toward Santiago. At one ravine, the Dominicans had destroyed a bridge spanning 91 meters. This led the Marines to employ an improvised trestle for crossing the ravine. Despite being
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According to Lorgia García Peña, the occupation resulted in increased inequality in the Dominican Republic and contributed to the establishment of an economic and political system that benefits rich companies, while subjecting most Dominicans to poverty. American support for future
121:
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679:-born educator typical of feminist resistance to the occupation, publishing articles in literary magazines. Smester refused to speak English as a form of civil resistance, claiming that if she spoke that language, the Americans would also have occupied her mind.
119:
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Most Dominicans greatly resented the loss of their sovereignty to foreigners, few of whom spoke Spanish or displayed much real concern for the welfare of the republic. A guerrilla movement, known as the gavilleros, with leaders such as General
643:. Having knowledge of the local terrain, they fought from 1917 to 1922 against the United States occupation. Imprisoned guerillas were mistreated by U.S. forces according to Congressional investigations. By 1919, the Marines were employing
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as the "national pastime". In addition, some Afro-religious groups being banned by occupying forces resulted in a stigma being placed against practicing communities that has continued into the 21st century. Marines also spread
606:. American corporations would then force Haitians to migrate to the Dominican Republic and work on sugar plantations in poor conditions. American culture also influenced Dominicans, with cockfighting being replaced with
17:
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heavy machine guns, small-unit maneuver, and individual training and marksmanship. The Dominicans possessed mainly black-powder rifles, and more commonly, were armed only with pistols and shotguns.
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William B. Caperton issued a demand for Arias, who was holed up in Fort Ozama, to disband his army and surrender his weapons. However, Arias and his supporters left the city instead of complying.
120:
652:, Cuba. During the occupation, the Marines suffered 144 killed in action, and the native constabularies incurred 74 casualties, while the Dominican insurgents sustained 950 killed or wounded.
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and Dominican Ambassador to the United States Francisco J. Peynado on June 30, 1922, allowing for the selection of a provisional president to rule until elections could be organized.
1405:
Peguero, Valentina (2005). "Women's Grass-Roots Organizations in the Dominican Republic: Real and Imagined Female Figures". In Knight, Franklin W.; Martínez-Vergne, Teresita (eds.).
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Hans Schmidt, The United States Occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995), p. 103; and “Americans Killed in Action,” American War Library,
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and the American consulate and to occupy Fort San Geronimo. Within hours, these companies were reinforced with "seven additional companies." On May 6, American forces from the
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765:, who rose through the ranks of the National Guard with the help of the U.S. Marines, was instrumental for establishing his base of support within the Dominican armed forces.
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enter the city, and sustained several casualties such as the death of Captain Herbert J. Hirschinger, who was the first marine killed in combat in the campaign.
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before the Marines drove them off, resulting in 27 Dominicans killed, while the Marine Corps only death was Corporal George Fravee; 10 marines were wounded.
550:. Within minutes, the detachment of 13 marines, 8 of whom were wounded, successfully gained control of the fort and captured the 100 prisoners held within.
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aimed to force the Dominicans to repay their large debts to European creditors, whose governments threatened military intervention. On May 13, 1916,
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1134:
Franks, Julie (June 1995). "The Gavilleros of the East: Social Banditry as Political Practice in the Dominican Sugar Region 1900–1924".
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2110:
810:
805:
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1366:. Schmidt cites 146 Marine deaths in Haiti; and the American War Library cites 144 Marines killed in action in the Dominican Republic.
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4358:
4348:
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2066:
2047:
1848:
1742:
800:
74:
4180:
4139:
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3580:
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1502:
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1178:
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wrecked at Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, where it was thrown ashore by rogue waves on the afternoon of August 29, 1916
501:
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A group of peasant guerillas, known as gavilleros, who fought against the U.S. Marine occupation of the Dominican Republic
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4307:
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2042:
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4002:
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1817:
1607:
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The dictator next door : the good neighbor policy and the Trujillo regime in the Dominican Republic, 1930–1945
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1985:
1974:
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The struggle of non-sovereign Caribbean territories: neoliberalism since the French Antillean Uprisings of 2009
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1969:
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598:, a contemporary American academic. Like Haiti, the finances of the Dominican Republic were controlled by
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light machine guns within a few hundred meters of the trenches and opened fire. The rebels maintained
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1480:(in French) (3rd ed.). Santiago de los Caballeros: Universidad Abierta Para Adultos. p. 42.
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310:
81:
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exceeded 3,000. However, they could quickly receive reinforcements from Port-au-Prince, Haiti, or
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Educando: Causas y consecuencias de la invasión norteamericana de 1965 en la República Dominicana
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1935:
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In early May 1916, a conflict erupted in Santo Domingo between 800 supporters of President
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The Impact of Intervention: The Dominican Republic during the U.S. Occupation of 1916–1924
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Administration of the Territories of the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ...
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602:, subsequently allowing American businesses to acquire Dominican properties to cultivate
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407:
210:
165:
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The Dominican Republic and the United States : from imperialism to transnationalism
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Domingo, United States Congress Senate Selected Committee on Haiti and Santo (1922).
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717:, who succeeded Wilson in March 1921, had campaigned against the occupations of both
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U. S. Marines and Irregular Warfare, 1898–2007: Anthology and Selected Bibliography
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to the west of the Dominican Republic, the United States Marines controlled all of
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On the same day that the U.S. military government was declared, First Lieutenant
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100:
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that the government's actions violated international law, were against Wilson's
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635:, enjoyed considerable support from the population in the eastern provinces of
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59:
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713:, public opinion in the United States began to run against the occupation.
594:"through censorship, intimidation, fear, and military force", according to
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528:
391:
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Admiral Caperton's forces occupied Santo Domingo on May 15, 1916. Colonel
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3243:
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2638:
2429:
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2100:
1964:
1789:
710:
491:
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The American War Library: Numbers of Americans Killed/Wounded, by Action
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General History of the Caribbean: The Caribbean in the Twentieth Century
27:
Occupation of the Dominican Republic by the United States from 1916–1924
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1411:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 163–164
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military government established during the American occupation of the
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906:
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1377:"The Caribbean War. The United States in the Caribbean, 1898–1998"
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2016:
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About.Com: The US Occupation of the Dominican Republic, 1916–1924
1408:
Contemporary Caribbean Cultures and Societies in a Global Context
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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The United States Marine Corps: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present
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for those military members who had participated in the conflict.
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558:
141:
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1979:
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assumed the provisional presidency on October 21, 1922. In the
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United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)
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889:
718:
174:
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United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24)
1630:. Tulsa, Oklahoma: J.R. Brady. July 7, 1916. pp. 1–10.
1307:
Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Interventions in Latin America
786:
United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)
2383:
2012:
United States involvement in regime change in Latin America
1035:. US Marine Corps History and Museums Division. p. 16.
1682:
globalsecurity.org:Dominican Republic Occupation (1916–24)
1620:
1070:
521:, Commander of the Cruiser Force aboard his flagship, USS
3632:
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
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Country Studies: Occupation by the United States, 1916–24
486:
it. The Marines of the machine-gun platoon carried their
366:
that lasted from May 13, 1916 to September 18, 1924. The
877:
Hispanic American Report 14, no. 7 (Sept. 1961), p. 608.
513:, on July 3 the Marines moved onto Arias' stronghold in
663:) a group of feminist writers, led by Floripez Mieses,
435:." Their goal was to offer protection to the American
1473:
3732:
Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century
2088:
907:
Atkins, G. Pope & Larman Curtis Wilson. (1998).
390:
and San Pedro de Macorís in the east; the system of
4538:
Dominican Republic–United States military relations
1824:
United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution
1707:
Hoy: La intervención militar norteamericana de 1965
896:. Annapolis, Md: U.S. Naval Institute. p. 239.
1455:Instituto Montecristeño de Antropología e Historia
941:
908:
1100:
453:Marine machine gun unit in the Dominican Republic
377:forced the Dominican Republic's Secretary of War
4513:1924 disestablishments in the Dominican Republic
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3618:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
2472:and other inhabited territories governed by the
1586:American Foreign Relations, Volume 2: Since 1895
1433:(in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Impresora El Siglo.
1055:
893:Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute
3921:
1303:
1030:"Marines in the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)"
915:. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia Press. p.
544:assault on the fort at San Francisco de Macorís
4548:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
3689:United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill
1310:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 223–.
1028:Fuller, Stephen M.; Cosmas, Graham A. (1974).
948:. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. pp.
939:
4508:1916 establishments in the Dominican Republic
4498:States and territories disestablished in 1924
3907:
3679:Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation
2700:
2074:
1727:
1364:http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/allwars.htm
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1060:. Marine Corps University Press. p. 137.
885:
883:
857:"USA Dominican Republic Resistance 1917–1921"
706:, and that occupying forces abused captives.
35:
1474:Mercedes Morel, Luz; M. Cruz, Raysa (2022).
1193:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1103:The Dominican Republic and the United States
1027:
3367:U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education
3232:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
1743:United States intervention in Latin America
1528:. U.S. Department of State. 20 August 2008.
1428:
1247:
729:Under the supervision of High Commissioner
655:Among protestors to the occupation was the
4568:United States involvement in regime change
4543:Military history of the Dominican Republic
4493:States and territories established in 1916
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3900:
2707:
2693:
2081:
2067:
2029:Nicaragua's case against the United States
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1720:
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1210:"Occupation by the United States, 1916–24"
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880:
851:
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847:
845:
811:United States involvement in regime change
806:Foreign interventions by the United States
89:
3341:United States Grain Standards Act of 1916
1544:The American Journal of International Law
1497:. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 223.
843:
841:
839:
837:
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833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
461:Marine units took the key port cities of
3648:Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial
1255:North American Congress on Latin America
1250:"One Hundred Years After the Occupation"
1207:
1201:
985:"U.S. Marines in the Dominican Republic"
859:. The Dupuy Institute. December 16, 2000
686:
621:
615:ideology throughout the nation based on
565:
557:
500:
448:
3842:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
2807:Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination
1578:
1532:
1404:
1115:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
14:
4503:20th century in the Dominican Republic
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3561:1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election
2971:American Commission to Negotiate Peace
2518:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
1597:
1490:
1477:Literary Anthology On Dominican Heroes
1442:
1440:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1173:. Paris; London: UNESCO. p. 609.
1023:
1021:
890:United States Naval Institute (1879).
822:
505:U.S. Marines in the Dominican Republic
398:was absent in the Dominican Republic.
381:, who had seized power from President
4553:Wars involving the Dominican Republic
3895:
3374:United States Railroad Administration
2688:
2062:
2048:Latin America–United States relations
1715:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
801:Latin America–United States relations
791:United States occupation of Nicaragua
3192:Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
2906:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
2669:
1901:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
1895:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
1622:"U.S. Marines Rout Dominican Rebels"
1542:"Dominican Republic-United States".
1448:"Rosa Smester (Maestra de Maestras)"
1274:
1085:
966:
348:Military Government of Santo Domingo
33:Military Government of Santo Domingo
3576:1916 Democratic National Convention
3566:1912 Democratic National Convention
3470:Birthplace and Presidential Library
3265:Federal Employees' Compensation Act
3112:Board of Mediation and Conciliation
2043:Foreign policy of the United States
1437:
1422:
1393:
1248:García Peña, Lorgia (25 May 2016).
1214:Dominican Republic: A Country Study
1018:
24:
4013:Spanish occupation 1861–1865
3295:Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916
3186:Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act
2714:
2106:Organized incorporated territories
1855:Separation of Panama from Colombia
1467:
1324:
1268:
1228:
1148:10.1111/j.1467-6443.1995.tb00085.x
562:U.S. Marines during the occupation
25:
4584:
3351:Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916
3306:National Park Service Organic Act
3204:Glacier National Park Act of 1914
3003:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
2751:President of Princeton University
1658:
1602:. Durham: Duke University Press.
1431:Rosa Smester: Maestra de Maestras
1342:United States Department of State
588:United States occupation of Haiti
356:Gobierno Militar de Santo Domingo
38:Gobierno Militar de Santo Domingo
4558:Wars involving the United States
4062:
3876:
3875:
3397:Acadia National Park Act of 1919
2668:
2659:
2658:
2470:United Nations trust territories
2090:Territories of the United States
1664:
1429:Jaime Julia, Julio, ed. (2001).
1389:from the original on 2004-08-07.
1123:U.S. Government Printing Office.
1037:
328:
303:
116:
73:
4023:U.S. occupation 1916–1924
3581:1916 U.S. presidential election
3571:1912 U.S. presidential election
3497:Summer White House (Harlakenden
2951:Committee on Public Information
2912:Army Appropriations Act of 1916
2841:State of the Union Address 1913
2524:American Concession in Shanghai
1591:
1588:(Cengage Learning, 2014) p. 163
1526:"Dominican Republic, 1916-1924"
1518:
1382:. University of South Florida.
1369:
1356:
1337:"Dominican Republic, 1916-1924"
1297:
1154:
1136:Journal of Historical Sociology
1127:
1109:
1094:
1079:
619:existing in the United States.
3492:Princeton University president
3487:Boyhood home in South Carolina
2731:President of the United States
2530:American concession of Tianjin
1049:
991:
933:
900:
871:
796:Mexican Border War (1910–1919)
600:National City Bank of New York
420:. On May 5, "two companies of
13:
1:
4563:American military occupations
3780:(daughter, acting first lady)
3724:Backstairs at the White House
3642:Woodrow Wilson Junior College
3402:Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919
3209:Legislative Reference Service
3170:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
2993:Selective Service Act of 1917
2976:Armistice of 11 November 1918
1208:Haggerty, Richard A. (1989).
816:
682:
671:, created on March 15, 1920.
667:, Luisa Ozema Pellerano, and
553:
527:(which still exists today in
3324:Rural Post Roads Act of 1916
3260:Federal Aid Road Act of 1916
2121:U.S. territorial sovereignty
1167:"Education in the Caribbean"
748:
414:, the Minister of War and a
95:Santo Domingo (To the Right)
7:
3534:When a Man Comes to Himself
3450:Mineral Leasing Act of 1920
3445:Merchant Marine Act of 1920
3335:Stock-Raising Homestead Act
3019:Wartime Measure Act of 1918
2917:Council of National Defense
1996:1989 Paraguayan coup d'état
1991:1979 Salvadoran coup d'état
1931:1954 Paraguayan coup d'état
1926:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
998:Fredriksen, John C (2011).
779:
735:Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos
401:
383:Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra
10:
4589:
4523:1920s in the United States
4518:1910s in the United States
3255:Cotton Futures Act of 1916
3250:Brush Disposal Act of 1916
3175:Cotton Futures Act of 1914
3088:Federal racial segregation
2371:Unincorporated territories
1986:1976 Argentine coup d'état
1975:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
1101:Atkins and Wilson (1998).
661:Patriotic League of Ladies
515:Santiago de los Caballeros
494:fire against the Marines'
4444:
4377:
4329:
4320:
4263:
4254:
4161:
4152:
4080:
4071:
4060:
3998:Unification of Hispaniola
3930:
3855:
3829:
3758:
3697:
3613:Woodrow Wilson Foundation
3589:
3551:
3520:
3462:
3413:Wheat Price Guarantee Act
3356:Flood Control Act of 1917
3226:Locomotive Inspection Act
3078:
2879:
2834:Woman Suffrage Procession
2761:
2722:
2654:
2556:
2539:
2482:
2465:
2379:
2366:
2129:
2096:
2038:
2004:
1965:1971 Bolivian coup d'état
1948:1964 Bolivian coup d'état
1916:
1871:Second Occupation of Cuba
1833:
1798:
1749:
1584:Thomas Paterson, et al.,
1491:Calder, Bruce J. (1984).
1056:Stephen S. Evans (2008).
657:Junta Patriótica de Damas
572:Flag of the United States
394:used by the Americans in
311:Second Dominican Republic
282:
278:
274:
270:
260:
250:
246:
236:
232:
228:
216:
206:• 1916-1917 (First)
204:
200:
190:
171:
159:
152:
140:
130:
106:
99:
88:
82:Flag of the United States
70:
65:
54:
32:
3768:(wife, 1885–1914, death)
3528:Congressional Government
3438:Federal Power Commission
3197:Federal Trade Commission
3030:Racial Equality Proposal
3008:National War Labor Board
2456:Northern Mariana Islands
1970:1973 Chilean coup d'état
1859:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty
1849:First Occupation of Cuba
1304:McPherson, Alan (2013).
1281:Rutgers University Press
1004:. ABC-CLIO. p. 76.
770:Dominican Campaign Medal
324:Third Dominican Republic
218:• 1917-1924 (Last)
3847:Woodrow Wilson and race
3668:Woodrow Wilson Monument
3482:Boyhood home in Georgia
3387:War Revenue Act of 1917
3282:Federal Farm Loan Board
3215:Smith–Lever Act of 1914
3137:Rivers and Harbors Acts
2998:Immigration Act of 1918
2988:Immigration Act of 1917
2924:Philippine Autonomy Act
1877:Occupation of Nicaragua
1865:Occupations of Honduras
1165:, B. W. Higman (2004).
940:Musicant, Ivan (1990).
772:was an authorized U.S.
262:• U.S. withdrawal
3959:Devastations of Osorio
3475:papers and manuscripts
3220:War Risk Insurance Act
3024:Paris Peace Conference
2819:1919 Nobel Peace Prize
2802:Supreme Court nominees
2742:Governor of New Jersey
1883:Occupation of Veracruz
1275:Joos, Vincent (2021).
743:Horacio Vásquez Lajara
698:
627:
579:
563:
506:
454:
36:
3861:← William Howard Taft
3802:Joseph Ruggles Wilson
3790:Eleanor Wilson McAdoo
3674:Woodrow Wilson Bridge
3608:Woodrow Wilson Awards
3346:Warehouse Act of 1916
3312:National Park Service
3271:Federal Farm Loan Act
3238:Occupancy Permits Act
2983:Espionage Act of 1917
2894:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty
2797:Judicial appointments
2111:Territorial evolution
1598:Roorda, Eric (1998).
1216:. Library of Congress
739:presidential election
690:
625:
569:
561:
504:
459:Joseph H. Pendleton's
452:
410:and 500 followers of
4573:American imperialism
4369:Water and sanitation
3772:Edith Bolling Wilson
3624:The Wilson Quarterly
3507:Woodrow Wilson House
3425:Railroad Labor Board
3043:Treaty of Versailles
3014:Sedition Act of 1918
2023:Cuban Missile Crisis
1936:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1812:Spanish–American War
1806:Mexican–American War
1779:Good Neighbor policy
1673:at Wikimedia Commons
1550:(4): 209–213. 1942.
724:Charles Evans Hughes
673:Rosa Smester Marrero
641:San Pedro de Macorís
511:Battle of Guayacanas
4181:Chamber of Deputies
4044:Dominican Civil War
4008:War of Independence
3868:Warren G. Harding →
3816:(cousin, secretary)
3814:Helen Woodrow Bones
3784:Jessie Wilson Sayre
3716:Profiles in Courage
3684:U.S. Postage stamps
3392:Revenue Act of 1918
3319:Revenue Act of 1916
3125:Revenue Act of 1913
3093:Federal Reserve Act
2900:Occupation of Haiti
2548:uninhabited islands
2450:U.S. Virgin Islands
1889:Occupation of Haiti
1843:Paraguay expedition
1769:Roosevelt Corollary
1090:. pp. 253–263.
741:of March 15, 1924,
519:Harry Shepard Knapp
509:Two days after the
408:Juan Isidro Jimenes
375:William B. Caperton
252:• Established
211:Harry Shepard Knapp
166:Military Government
4298:Telecommunications
3981:Spanish reconquest
3952:Colonial governors
3923:Dominican Republic
3766:Ellen Axson Wilson
3735:(2002 documentary)
3277:Farm Credit System
3180:Cutter Service Act
3130:Federal income tax
3106:Newlands Labor Act
1942:Operation Mongoose
1907:Invasion of Panama
1818:Mexican Border War
1773:Big Stick ideology
699:
645:De Havilland DH-4B
628:
596:Lorgia García Peña
580:
564:
540:Ernest C. Williams
535:, United States).
507:
455:
364:Dominican Republic
186:"Out of Many, One"
56:Occupied territory
4533:Conflicts in 1916
4480:
4479:
4440:
4439:
4316:
4315:
4250:
4249:
4237:Political parties
4198:Foreign relations
4148:
4147:
4054:COVID-19 pandemic
3889:
3888:
3796:Francis Sayre Jr.
3774:(wife, 1915–1924)
3727:(1979 miniseries)
3458:
3457:
3432:Federal Power Act
3069:Wilsonian Armenia
3056:League of Nations
2787:1917 inauguration
2782:1913 inauguration
2682:
2681:
2546:claims and other
2544:Guano Islands Act
2444:Panama Canal Zone
2116:Thirteen Colonies
2056:
2055:
1697:Links in Spanish
1669:Media related to
1504:978-1-55876-386-9
1279:. New Brunswick:
1072:Tulsa Daily World
1011:978-1-59884-542-6
715:Warren G. Harding
613:white supremacist
496:automatic weapons
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
316:
315:
266:18 September 1924
223:Edwin Anderson Jr
192:Military Governor
161: • Type
123:
16:(Redirected from
4580:
4460:
4453:
4327:
4326:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4159:
4158:
4078:
4077:
4066:
4039:Parsley massacre
3916:
3909:
3902:
3893:
3892:
3879:
3878:
3419:Esch–Cummins Act
3361:Smith–Hughes Act
3300:Keating–Owen Act
2877:
2876:
2829:Silent Sentinels
2754:
2745:
2734:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2672:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2627:Quita Sueño Bank
2207:Indian Territory
2083:
2076:
2069:
2060:
2059:
1953:Operation Condor
1785:Dollar diplomacy
1736:
1729:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1668:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1614:
1613:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1452:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1402:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1333:
1322:
1321:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1245:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1184:
1180:978-0-333-724590
1163:Bridget Brereton
1158:
1152:
1151:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1015:
995:
989:
988:
981:
964:
963:
947:
937:
931:
930:
914:
904:
898:
897:
887:
878:
875:
869:
868:
866:
864:
853:
424:landed from the
332:
331:
320:
319:
307:
306:
300:
299:
284:
283:
177:
162:
125:
124:
113:"Hail, Columbia"
93:
77:
49:
41:
39:
30:
29:
21:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4436:
4373:
4359:Public holidays
4312:
4269:
4246:
4144:
4120:Protected areas
4095:Ciudad Colonial
4067:
4058:
4033:Héctor Trujillo
4018:Restoration War
3926:
3920:
3890:
3885:
3851:
3837:Progressive Era
3825:
3778:Margaret Wilson
3754:
3699:
3693:
3658:(Austin statue)
3591:
3585:
3547:
3541:The New Freedom
3516:
3454:
3099:Federal Reserve
3074:
2961:Fourteen Points
2956:Four Minute Men
2875:
2765:
2757:
2748:
2737:
2726:
2718:
2713:
2683:
2678:
2650:
2561:Phoenix Islands
2552:
2535:
2512:Volcano Islands
2478:
2461:
2375:
2362:
2125:
2092:
2087:
2057:
2052:
2034:
2000:
1912:
1836:and occupations
1835:
1829:
1794:
1763:Platt Amendment
1757:Monroe Doctrine
1745:
1740:
1661:
1648:
1646:
1617:
1610:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1556:10.2307/2213777
1541:
1540:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1489:
1485:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1427:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1386:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1318:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1246:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1206:
1202:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1159:
1155:
1132:
1128:
1114:
1110:
1099:
1095:
1084:
1080:
1069:
1065:
1054:
1050:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1012:
996:
992:
983:
982:
967:
960:
944:The Banana Wars
938:
934:
927:
905:
901:
888:
881:
876:
872:
862:
860:
855:
854:
823:
819:
782:
763:Rafael Trujillo
751:
704:Fourteen Points
685:
556:
412:Desiderio Arias
404:
379:Desiderio Arias
329:
304:
263:
253:
219:
207:
185:
182:E Pluribus Unum
172:
160:
126:
117:
114:
112:
109:Salve, Columbia
94:
84:
79:
78:
50:
43:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4586:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4462:
4461:
4454:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4273:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4115:Municipalities
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4027:Trujillo Era (
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3983:
3978:
3975:Era de Francia
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3944:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925: articles
3919:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3896:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3820:William McAdoo
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3751:(2022 musical)
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3703:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3655:Woodrow Wilson
3651:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3537:
3531:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3303:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3268:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2881:Foreign policy
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2824:19th Amendment
2821:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2794:
2792:Roosevelt desk
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2746:
2735:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2716:Woodrow Wilson
2712:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2666:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2641:(1899–present)
2636:
2635:(1898–present)
2630:
2624:
2623:(1867–present)
2618:
2617:(1867–present)
2615:Howland Island
2612:
2606:
2605:(1860–present)
2600:
2599:(1858–present)
2597:Navassa Island
2594:
2593:(1858–present)
2591:Johnston Atoll
2588:
2587:(1858–present)
2582:
2581:(1857–present)
2576:
2570:
2564:
2557:
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2553:
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2536:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2487:Ryukyu Islands
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2458:(1986–present)
2453:
2452:(1917–present)
2447:
2441:
2440:(1899–present)
2438:American Samoa
2435:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2387:
2386:(1898–present)
2380:
2377:
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2374:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2348:
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2201:
2195:
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2171:
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2155:
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2137:
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2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
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2085:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2054:
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2051:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
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1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1959:Project FUBELT
1956:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1918:Covert actions
1914:
1913:
1911:
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1660:
1659:External links
1657:
1656:
1655:
1616:
1615:
1609:978-0822321231
1608:
1590:
1577:
1531:
1517:
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1317:978-1598842609
1316:
1296:
1290:978-1978815742
1289:
1267:
1227:
1200:
1179:
1161:Emmer, P. C.,
1153:
1142:(2): 158–181.
1126:
1108:
1093:
1078:
1074:, July 7, 1916
1063:
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959:978-0025882102
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926:978-0820319308
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4009:
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4003:La Trinitaria
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Spanish Haiti
3991:
3989:
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3947:Santo Domingo
3945:
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3810:(grandfather)
3809:
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3749:
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3719:(1965 series)
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3662:Wilson Square
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3380:USRA standard
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3258:
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3128:
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3126:
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3113:
3109:
3108:
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3063:
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3046:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3037:Pueblo speech
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3017:
3015:
3012:
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3006:
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2675:
2667:
2665:
2657:
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2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2633:Palmyra Atoll
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2585:Jarvis Island
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:Roncador Bank
2565:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2506:Bonin Islands
2504:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2474:United States
2471:
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2199:
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2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
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1834:Overt actions
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1510:September 22,
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1105:. p. 49.
1104:
1097:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1044:public domain
1031:
1024:
1022:
1013:
1007:
1003:
1002:
994:
986:
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978:
976:
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774:service medal
771:
766:
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746:
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736:
732:
731:Sumner Welles
727:
725:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
696:
695:
689:
680:
678:
674:
670:
669:Ercilia Pepín
666:
665:Abigail Mejía
662:
658:
653:
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646:
642:
638:
634:
624:
620:
618:
617:Jim Crow laws
614:
609:
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589:
584:
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4281:Central Bank
4203:Human rights
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3603:Bibliography
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3502:Shadow Lawn)
2889:Wilsonianism
2645:Corn Islands
2621:Midway Atoll
2609:Swan Islands
2603:Kingman Reef
2579:Baker Island
2573:Serrana Bank
2432:1952–present
2430:Commonwealth
2414:Puerto Rico
2407:Commonwealth
1696:
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372:Rear Admiral
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107:
4528:Banana Wars
4220:enforcement
4208:LGBT rights
3987:España Boba
3964:Slave trade
3743:(2013 book)
3711:(1944 film)
3244:Adamson Act
3080:New Freedom
3028:1919–1920;
2966:The Inquiry
2934:1917–1918;
2930:World War I
2908:(1916–1924)
2902:(1915–1934)
2753:(1902–1910)
2744:(1911–1913)
2733:(1913–1921)
2647:(1914–1971)
2639:Wake Island
2629:(1869–1981)
2611:(1863–1972)
2575:(1856–1981)
2569:(1856–1981)
2563:(1856–1979)
2532:(1860–1901)
2526:(1848–1863)
2520:(1947–1994)
2514:(1945–1968)
2508:(1945–1968)
2446:(1903–1979)
2390:Philippines
2359:(1900–1959)
2353:(1868–1890)
2324:(1864–1889)
2318:(1863–1912)
2312:(1863–1890)
2306:(1861–1889)
2300:(1861–1876)
2294:(1861–1864)
2288:(1854–1867)
2282:(1854–1861)
2276:(1853–1889)
2270:(1850–1896)
2254:Provisional
2250:New Mexico
2247:(1849–1858)
2241:(1848–1859)
2235:(1838–1846)
2229:(1836–1848)
2200:(1822–1845)
2194:(1819–1836)
2188:(1817–1819)
2182:(1809–1818)
2176:(1805–1837)
2170:(1805–1821)
2160:(1804–1812)
2154:(1800–1816)
2148:(1798–1817)
2146:Mississippi
2142:(1790–1796)
2136:(1787–1803)
2101:Organic act
2019:(1979–1990)
1955:(1968–1989)
1903:(1965–1966)
1897:(1916–1924)
1891:(1915–1934)
1879:(1912–1933)
1873:(1906–1909)
1867:(1903–1925)
1851:(1899–1902)
1826:(1916–1919)
1820:(1910–1919)
1808:(1846–1848)
1790:Banana Wars
1765:(1901–1904)
1627:Tulsa World
1088:Banana Wars
711:World War I
492:single-shot
442:USS Castine
385:, to leave
360:provisional
288:Preceded by
256:13 May 1916
4487:Categories
4417:Literature
4270:(currency)
4100:Hispaniola
3798:(grandson)
3792:(daughter)
3786:(daughter)
3407:Red Summer
3164:Sabath Act
2946:home front
2777:Transition
2763:Presidency
2331:Department
2274:Washington
1460:2023-02-09
1415:2023-02-11
1349:2022-01-04
1261:2022-01-04
1086:Musicant.
817:References
683:Withdrawal
650:Guantanamo
592:Hispaniola
554:Occupation
241:Modern Era
153:Government
4344:Education
4308:Transport
4288:Companies
4242:President
4193:Elections
4125:Provinces
4110:Mountains
4073:Geography
3941:Cacicazgo
3594:memorials
3553:Elections
3512:Gravesite
3329:Smith Act
3119:Raker Act
2941:campaigns
2500:1950–1972
2494:1945–1950
2426:1900–1952
2420:1898–1900
2409:1935–1946
2403:1901–1935
2397:1898–1901
2345:1912–1959
2343:Territory
2339:1884–1912
2333:1867–1884
2262:1850–1912
2260:Territory
2256:1846–1850
2245:Minnesota
2227:Wisconsin
2221:1890–1907
2219:Territory
2215:1850–1890
2213:Panhandle
2209:1834–1907
2203:Oklahoma
2164:Louisiana
2140:Southwest
2134:Northwest
1636:2330-7234
1572:246011614
1189:cite book
749:Aftermath
586:With the
578:, c. 1922
147:Dominican
66:1916–1924
4467:Category
4364:Religion
4354:Language
4232:Politics
4227:Military
4171:Congress
4154:Politics
4140:Wildlife
3881:Category
3804:(father)
3670:(Prague)
3664:(Warsaw)
3289:Flag Day
3049:Big Four
2768:timeline
2664:Category
2492:Military
2418:Military
2395:Military
2337:District
2298:Colorado
2286:Nebraska
2192:Arkansas
2180:Illinois
2174:Michigan
2168:Missouri
1384:Archived
1220:June 29,
863:June 29,
780:See also
760:dictator
677:Santiago
637:El Seibo
608:baseball
437:legation
417:caudillo
402:Invasion
358:) was a
4451:Outline
4407:Cuisine
4379:Culture
4322:Society
4303:Tourism
4256:Economy
4166:Cabinet
4130:Regions
4105:Islands
3969:Maroons
3932:History
3830:Related
3700:culture
3698:Popular
3062:charter
2814:Cabinet
2674:Commons
2424:Insular
2401:Insular
2351:Wyoming
2327:Alaska
2322:Montana
2316:Arizona
2198:Florida
2186:Alabama
2158:Orleans
2152:Indiana
2017:Contras
1649:July 7,
1644:4450824
1564:2213777
694:Memphis
542:led an
524:Olympia
428:Prairie
422:marines
352:Spanish
142:Demonym
131:Capital
58:of the
46:Spanish
4472:Portal
4432:Sports
4427:People
4397:Cinema
4387:Anthem
4349:Health
4293:Energy
4176:Senate
4135:Rivers
4090:Cities
4085:Border
4049:DOMREP
4029:Rafael
3759:Family
3740:Wilson
3708:Wilson
3590:Legacy
3543:(1913)
3536:(1901)
3530:(1900)
3436:1920;
3423:1920;
3415:(1919)
3409:(1919)
3378:1917;
3365:1917;
3337:(1916)
3331:(1916)
3310:1916;
3302:(1916)
3291:(1916)
3275:1916;
3267:(1916)
3246:(1916)
3240:(1915)
3234:(1915)
3228:(1915)
3222:(1914)
3211:(1914)
3188:(1914)
3182:(1914)
3166:(1913)
3121:(1913)
3110:1913;
3097:1913;
3071:(1920)
3060:1920;
3047:1919;
3039:(1919)
3010:(1918)
2926:(1916)
2896:(1914)
2357:Hawaii
2304:Dakota
2292:Nevada
2280:Kansas
2239:Oregon
2031:(1986)
2025:(1962)
1982:(1975)
1980:Limazo
1961:(1970)
1944:(1961)
1938:(1961)
1909:(1989)
1885:(1914)
1861:(1903)
1845:(1858)
1814:(1898)
1781:(1933)
1775:(1904)
1759:(1823)
1750:Policy
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675:was a
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4458:Index
4422:Music
4334:Crime
4276:Banks
4268:Peso
3748:Suffs
3521:Books
2936:entry
2749:13th
2498:Civil
2310:Idaho
2005:Other
1568:S2CID
1560:JSTOR
1451:(PDF)
1387:(PDF)
1380:(PDF)
1033:(PDF)
719:Haiti
604:sugar
396:Haiti
175:Motto
4412:Flag
4031:and
3463:Life
3157:1916
3152:1915
3147:1914
3142:1913
2871:1920
2866:1918
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2268:Utah
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1799:Wars
1651:2020
1640:OCLC
1632:ISSN
1604:ISBN
1512:2011
1499:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1285:ISBN
1222:2014
1195:link
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