20:
112:; Bishop Mackenzie died there of the disease on 31 January 1862, along with many local people and three others among the tiny missionary party. Early conversion efforts from this base yielded little result, and supplies ran out or were destroyed during a period of famine. The mission then withdrew from the area, abandoning the graves of the missionaries who had died there, and, though it established a new presence in Zanzibar, many years passed before it returned to Malawi.
133:. The mission's early work in Zanzibar substantially involved caring for and schooling children rescued from slavery, and establishing a settlement - Mbweni, founded 1871 - for these released slaves to live in. On Christmas Day, 1873, the foundation stone of Christ Church was laid in the grounds of the former slave market, closed only six months earlier. It was completed in time for Christmas 1880 and a mass celebrated there.
150:
168:, who pursued the mission's aim of returning to establish a presence at Lake Nyasa. Rather than attempting the arduous river navigation that had doomed the first mission, they set out for Lake Malawi this time overland, developing a network of mission stations toward the lake. Prominent among these were the stations at
184:
kingdom, was ruled out by the suspicious
Kilindi chief. The site for the mission village at Masasi was reportedly chosen by African converts whom the missionaries were attempting to lead back to the homes from which they had been captured by slavers: though sure that the site was not their original
83:
The society's foundation was inspired by lectures that
Livingstone gave on his return from Africa in 1857. Though named to reflect its university origins, from the outset it welcomed contributions from wellwishers unaffiliated to those institutions. The society had two major goals: to establish a
237:(now Zambia). It then pursued missionary work in these four areas throughout the first half of the twentieth century, offering medical provision and education as well as religious instruction and services. It played a prominent role in twentieth-century church history, with bishops including
213:
let the idea die. Although Hine was willing to raise
African clergy to the rank of archdeacon, when he left this was abandoned too, and the highest rank any African reached in the UMCA missions before independence in 1961 was that of honorary canon. However, Majaliwa's grandson
279:
Postcolonial historians' analyses of the UMCA have both praised its efforts to raise
European humanitarian concern about slavery in East Africa and criticised the paternalistic attitudes toward Africans it continued to perpetuate, especially early in its history.
200:
Another of
Smythies's commitments was to the principle that Africa be converted and ministered by African priests, and he made many improvements to the arrangements for their teaching at Kiungani, ordaining the first local African priests. The first of these was
500:
128:
in 1864. Here they enjoyed much greater success, receiving a cordial welcome from the island's Arab and
African residents, and establishing a number of operations, including a mission school, St Andrew's at
253:, who joined the UMCA as an archdeacon and became the second Bishop of Likoma before drowning on the lake. The UMCA later commissioned a boat that bore his name, as they had with Charles Janson before.
276:. The two organizations merged in 1965. The combined organisation celebrated the UMCA's 150th anniversary by emphasising the continuing importance of global fellowship and mission for its members.
979:
205:, who worked at Chitangali in the Ruvuma Mission for eleven years, and made many converts. Smythies considered making Majaliwa bishop of the Ruvuma district, but his successors
189:, first reached the lake in 1884; Janson died there, but he lent his name to a ship the UMCA commissioned for use in ministering around the lake. which Steere's successor,
273:
197:, in the lake, of a mission station, and then of an entire new diocese with its own bishop and its own cathedral, St Peter's, is still standing in the 21st century.
964:
452:"The nature of a mission community: the Universities' Mission to Central Africa in Bonde: the mission in African history - Bonde in what is now Tanzania"
984:
63:
tradition of the Church, and the first to devolve authority to a bishop in the field rather than to a home committee. Founded in response to a plea by
879:
643:
902:
233:
The organisation continued to work out of its bases on
Zanzibar, Likoma, and on the Tanzanian mainland until 1910, when it commenced work also in
954:
390:
130:
866:, Office of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa, 9, Dartmouth Street, Westminster, London SW1 (1902) (now at the UCLA Library
549:
359:
912:
804:
867:
959:
299:, "Tractarianism on the Zambesi: Bishop Mackenzie and the Beginnings of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa",
653:
400:
238:
969:
426:"Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies at Rhodes House: Universities' Mission to Central Africa"
210:
456:
337:
327:
219:
206:
185:
home, they said it resembled it enough to settle. Via these routes, two missionaries, Charles Janson and
757:
451:
949:
363:
93:
827:
227:
534:
193:, was able to use to travel widely through Africa on mission work. He oversaw the establishment on
186:
157:
48:
584:
332:
56:
792:
190:
137:
came to the
Zanzibar Mission in 1878 and later came to consider it home. Here she created a
113:
52:
44:
797:
Three
Centuries of Mission: The United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel 1701-2000
8:
308:
Sisters in Spirit: Christianity, Affect, and
Community Building in East Africa, 1860-1970
223:
92:
To advance these goals, it sought to send a mission led by a bishop into Central Africa;
19:
974:
934:
608:
600:
908:
800:
649:
612:
519:
396:
367:
254:
234:
104:. This first expedition was more or less disastrous. The area chosen as a base, near
64:
592:
461:
242:
134:
138:
116:, Mackenzie's successor, deemed the mission's early years "a miserable failure".
101:
67:, the society established the mission stations that grew to be the bishoprics of
40:
296:
269:
250:
215:
202:
153:
60:
943:
482:
465:
246:
194:
165:
24:
504:
84:
mission presence in Central Africa, and to actively oppose the slave trade.
487:
Darkness or Light: a history of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
425:
930:
176:: Magila had been chosen after an initial site the mission had sought at
360:"Records of the Universities Mission to Central Africa - Collection 160"
604:
105:
36:
272:, and at a time when the UMCA was increasingly collaborating with the
880:"USPG celebrates 150 years of Universities Mission to Central Africa"
149:
124:
Mackenzie's successor, Bishop Tozer, relocated the society's base to
75:(later Malawi), and pioneered the training of black African priests.
72:
596:
291:
The History of the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa 1859-1909
931:
Historical resources on the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
125:
68:
293:, 5th ed. (London: Universities' Mission to Central Africa, 1909).
96:
was duly consecrated in 1860 and led an expedition in 1861 up the
585:"Kickin' it: leisure, politics and football in colonial Zanzibar"
315:
The UMCA in Malawi. A History of the Anglican Church 1861 - 2010
181:
109:
97:
245:. Other notable Europeans among its staff included the novelist
173:
169:
260:, built in 1899, is believed to be the oldest ship in Africa.
218:
became a bishop 1980 and the third African Archbishop of the
177:
698:
The History of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
274:
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts
551:
The Story of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
303:, vol. LXVII, no. 3, (September 1997), pp. 298–323.
980:
Christian organizations established in the 19th century
864:
Where Black meets White: The Little History of the UMCA
695:
489:. Universities’ Mission to Central Africa. p. 91.
392:
History of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa
310:(East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2017).
907:. University of California Press. pp. 125, 133.
853:, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1901
941:
268:The society's centenary fell amid a context of
965:Religious organizations established in 1857
900:
164:In 1874, Tozer was succeeded as bishop by
985:1857 establishments in the British Empire
799:, Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 335ff,
791:Moriyama, Jermone T. (1 November 2000),
790:
445:
443:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
148:
18:
16:Former Anglo-Catholic missionary society
851:Chauncy Maples, Second Bishop of Likoma
354:
352:
33:Universities' Mission to Central Africa
955:Church of England missionary societies
942:
825:
755:
547:
481:
449:
388:
39:society established by members of the
828:"Tanzania's Augustino Ramadhani dead"
696:Anderson-Morshead, Anne (1859–1909).
440:
409:
141:that served many women and children.
882:. Christian Today. November 27, 2007
641:
582:
477:
475:
349:
119:
13:
756:Clough, Juliet (6 November 2004).
283:
222:in 1984. John Ramadhani's brother
14:
996:
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826:Conger, George (28 April 2020),
758:"Hidden Depths - Africa, travel"
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740:
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689:
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671:
662:
635:
626:
576:
389:Wilson, George Herbert (1971).
793:"Building a home-grown Church"
567:
558:
541:
501:"Mackenzie, Charles Frederick"
493:
450:Willis, Justin (August 1993).
382:
301:Anglican and Episcopal History
1:
795:, in O'Connor, Daniel (ed.),
343:
108:(Lake Malawi), proved highly
144:
7:
901:Prestholdt, Jeremy (2008).
338:Chama Cha Mariamu Mtakatifu
328:Anglican Church of Tanzania
321:
220:Anglican Church of Tanzania
43:within the universities of
10:
1001:
960:Church of England missions
648:. Footprint. p. 563.
583:Fair, Laura (March 1997).
289:A.E.M. Anderson-Morshead,
78:
505:Cambridge Alumni Database
263:
228:Chief Justice of Tanzania
554:. Saunders. p. 267.
207:William Moore Richardson
187:William Percival Johnson
160:, missionaries with UMCA
158:William Percival Johnson
904:Domesticating the world
710:Wilson (1971) pp. 35–41
362:. Billy Graham Center,
317:(Zomba: Kachere, 2010).
59:. It was firmly in the
27:, was built by the UMCA
668:Keable (1912) p.117-18
642:Hodd, Michael (2002).
548:Rowley, Henry (1867).
466:10.1093/past/140.1.127
333:Christianity in Malawi
306:Andreana C. Prichard,
161:
35:(c.1857 - 1965) was a
28:
970:Sultanate of Zanzibar
191:Charles Alan Smythies
180:, the capital of the
152:
22:
781:Keable (1912) p. 140
645:East Africa Handbook
573:Keable (1912); p. 97
564:Keable (1912); p. 94
746:Keable (1912) 134-6
719:Wilson (1971) p. 42
686:Keable (1912) p.119
632:Keable (1912) p.104
395:. Ayer. p. 3.
313:James Tengatenga,
230:from 2007 to 2010.
224:Augustino Ramadhani
23:St Peter's Church,
935:Project Canterbury
849:E. Hermitage-Day,
457:Past & Present
162:
29:
950:Anglo-Catholicism
914:978-0-520-25424-4
806:978-1-4411-3552-0
737:Keable (1912) 112
527:External link in
370:on 30 August 2008
235:Northern Rhodesia
94:Charles Mackenzie
65:David Livingstone
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366:. Archived from
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243:John Edward Hine
211:John Edward Hine
135:Miss Annie Allen
120:Zanzibar mission
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284:Further reading
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102:Shire Highlands
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41:Anglican Church
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270:decolonisation
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257:Chauncy Maples
251:Chauncy Maples
216:John Ramadhani
203:Cecil Majaliwa
154:Chauncy Maples
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139:Zenana Mission
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61:Anglo-Catholic
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677:Wilson (1971)
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247:Robert Keable
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884:. Retrieved
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835:, retrieved
832:Anglican Ink
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821:
810:, retrieved
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765:. Retrieved
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616:. Retrieved
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508:. Retrieved
495:
486:
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430:. Retrieved
391:
384:
372:. Retrieved
368:the original
314:
307:
300:
290:
278:
267:
256:
239:Frank Weston
232:
199:
163:
123:
114:Bishop Tozer
91:
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32:
30:
944:Categories
837:2020-07-17
344:References
106:Lake Nyasa
37:missionary
975:Nyasaland
613:144692953
226:, became
145:Expansion
100:into the
73:Nyasaland
49:Cambridge
520:cite web
485:(1912).
322:See also
131:Kiungani
126:Zanzibar
110:malarial
69:Zanzibar
886:19 July
812:18 July
767:19 July
618:19 July
605:1161443
510:20 July
432:19 July
374:19 July
182:Kilindi
98:Zambezi
79:Origins
911:
803:
652:
611:
603:
589:Africa
399:
264:Legacy
174:Masasi
170:Magila
57:Dublin
55:, and
53:Durham
45:Oxford
25:Likoma
933:from
609:S2CID
601:JSTOR
909:ISBN
888:2009
814:2020
801:ISBN
769:2009
650:ISBN
620:2009
535:help
512:2009
434:2009
397:ISBN
376:2009
241:and
209:and
178:Vuga
172:and
156:and
71:and
31:The
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462:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
