Upper Skagit Indian Tribe

989:. Looking for a new way of making money, many Upper Skagit tried to start their own logging endeavors, floating logs down the river to trade at the mills. Forest rangers came and tried to prevent the Upper Skagit from cutting wood. At this point, many members of the Upper Skagit appealed to the government for allotments of land in the National Forest, all of them being denied. Eventually, in 1907 and 1909, several allotments were granted to the Upper Skagit on the Suiattle River, an extremely isolated area, even into the late 1900s. Some Upper Skagit moved to the area, believing the U.S. government would be creating a reservation for them there. Because of this, the people living on the Sauk River system (which the Suiattle River is a part of) were isolated from mainstream American society. By 1921, zero Upper Skagit children were enrolled in school. 871: 967: 36: 50: 1056: 1213:

Whites, and as more settlers came to the region, they further utilized the Native population for their labor, both in the forests, the home (as domestic laborers), and in their farms. In the 20th century, logging became the main industry in which Upper Skagit citizens were employed. By 1974, most Upper Skagit continued to be employed in the logging industry. Some Upper Skagit were employed as letter carriers, using their canoes to travel swiftly up and down the Skagit River.

2798: 704:, according to tradition, is a noble and benevolent being in the form of a man with blue eyes and white hair. He reduced the intelligence and size of animals, making it so humans could form a society. Additionally, he taught mankind craftwork and art. According to their traditions, he would at one point return once again. Others who are involved in the origin stories of the Upper Skagit include the trickster-changers: Raven, Mink, and Coyote. 677: 3061: 1209:

hunting, fishing, and gathering throughout the Skagit Valley. From 1792 to the mid-20th century, the economy gradually shifted from one based on hunting and gathering, to one based on agriculture and wage labor. Furthermore, as the economy shifted towards wage labor, economic independence dropped, as people began to rely more on food, tools, weapons, and jobs which were introduced and supplied by settlers.

757:. Once again they watched the people working in the bay, this time fishing from their canoes. There were several other periodic visits from Europeans into the region, although they never came inland enough to come into contact with the peoples of the Skagit River. Despite this, there were likely Upper Skagit who would have seen the European ships as they travelled outside their territory. 821:(which Chirouse had learned) as well as the local language of Lushootseed. After the death of his first wife, he remarried into a highly prestigious Nuwaha family under the famous warrior-leader Petius, which greatly increased his prestige. He became a famous orator and missionary, introducing his own brand of religion to the Upper Skagit, which was a mixture of the 1250:, an inter-tribal organization that regulates and enhances fishing along the Skagit River. The tribe operates a hatchery on the Skagit River, which facilitated the return of coho salmon to the reservation in 2008 for the first time in 50 years. In 2009, the Upper Skagit tribe received a $ 105,000 grant to restore 140 acres of salmon habitat near the reservation. 207:

disputes as settlers and the government continued to assert power over the Upper Skagit. Although they fought for their rights as a treaty tribe, the Upper Skagit remained an unrecognized tribe until 1974, when they were recognized by the federal government. In 1981, a reservation was finally established for the Upper Skagit.

861:, selected representatives from many tribes in the Puget Sound area to sign the Treaty of Point Elliott. Only two Upper Skagit tribes sent representatives: the Nookachamps and the Mesekwigwils. The Nookachamps were represented by Chlahben, and the Mesekwigwils were represented by Sdzekdunum. Other prominent leaders, such as 928:

that he leave their lands. After he denied, they destroyed his compass leading him to acquiesce and return downriver. A few days later, the Upper Skagit demanded that all settlers leave the upper Skagit River region, else they would be harmed. The settlers agreed, although some stopped at the homestead of

811:(the younger) lived on the western side of the mountains, he would often visit his family on the eastern side. There, he became acquainted with a Frenchman named Eugene Casimir Chirouse, who would later become a famous Catholic missionary in the Puget Sound region. When Chirouse arrived in Puget Sound, 878:

The Upper Skagit continued to live traditionally, hunting and fishing along the banks of the Skagit River and in the surrounding forests. The Upper Skagit also expanded their permanent settlements, clearing areas of land around their homes in order to plant potatoes as well as new crops such as corn,

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Prior to the Historic period, the predecessor bands of the Upper Skagit Tribe built permanent settlements up and down the Skagit River, and built summer camps in the forests and on the mountains near their homes. Roots and plants such as potatoes were cultivated in prairies, and clams were dug across

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No agreement was reached at the council. The five Upper Skagit left the council and camped on the riverbank opposite the homestead with the others who had come. Von Pressentin secretly went downriver to La Conner, where he sent a telegram to the US government asking for aid. The United States sent a

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The Upper Skagit Indian Tribe was granted federal recognition on December 4, 1974. From 1977 to 1982, the tribe applied for federal grants, which it used to purchase land. The tribe purchased 25 acres over four years on Bow Hill, including from individual tribal citizens who owned land in the area.

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in 1878; settlers began to slowly homestead the Skagit River soon after. Furthermore, the settlers trespassed on lands containing graves and burned down a village of eight longhouses at the confluence of the Skagit and Sauk rivers. This new pressure from settlement caused the Upper Skagit to resist

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in 1855, and ceded their land in return for a reservation and hunting, fishing, and gathering rights. Throughout the 19th century, society rapidly shifted for the Upper Skagit as their systems of governance evolved and they faced encroachment from settlers. The late 19th century was marked by land

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Early after contact, trade with settlers became a large factor in the Indigenous economy. Trading posts in forts allowed people to buy trade goods, as well as new foods, which could be planted. Logging in the region started around 1865. Settlers opened logging camps that employed both Indians and

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for trial by the White authorities, which angered the Upper Skagit (more so than the murder itself), as they had the right to try criminals according to the treaty. Shortly after this event, a surveyor named Henry came to the area. The Upper Skagit, who held surveyors in great disregard, demanded

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village which was located on the bay. Nearby, on Boundary Bay, they had met other peoples who they were surprised to find large amounts of European trade goods and even horses in their possession, with locals even saying that they had seen ships even larger pass by before, implying that there had

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For most of history, prior to the formation of the Upper Skagit Indian Tribe, the precursor groups were hunter-gatherers who relied on hunting, fishing, and gathering for subsistence. This has carried on to today, and members of the tribe utilize their treaty rights to participate in traditional

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Historically, the society of the Upper Skagit peoples was based on extensive kinship ties. The highest level of permanent authority was never above the family unit, and as such, "chiefs" (as they are described in the literature) were non-existent at the time of colonization. During the colonial

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In 1951, the tribe filed a claim, alledging that the payment offered for the 1,769,804 acres (7,162.14 km) was "unconscionably low". Because the claim overlapped with the claims presented by the Lower Skagit Tribe, they amended their claim seven years later in 1958. This petition, filed on

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himself was followed by his son, John Campbell. John Campbell's sister, Lahabulitsa, succeeded him. When she died, she was succeeded by John Campbell's son, Joseph Campbell. When Joseph Campbell died, his eldest son, John Campbell became chief. By 1974, the Chief of the Upper Skagit was Peter

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region. Following this was the Intermediate period, roughly from 700–1250 CE. By this time, local peoples had begun utilizing both marine and inland resources. The Recent period, roughly from 1250–1750 CE, was categorized by the development (and continued use) of fortifications, new

942:), and they travelled to the homestead, joined by more than 100 canoes full of people. The five people who were sent to the Americans formally protested at the council, saying that they never signed any treaty with the United States, nor had they received any compensation for land seizure. 890:. Further White settlement was discouraged by a two-mile logjam at the confluence of the forks of the Skagit River, near its mouth. Settlers had established small towns downriver of the logjam, but it continued to discourage settlement any further upriver for several decades. 1046:

Today, the Upper Skagit Indian Tribe is governed by the Upper Skagit Tribal Council, a seven-member elected body which carries out the governmental responsibilities of the tribe. The chairman of the tribe is elected through a popular vote from all members of the tribe.

1339:, an Upper Skagit citizen, died in 2008. Today, the language is primarily spoken in ceremonial contexts. Despite this, there are efforts across Puget Sound to revitalize the language. Vi Hilbert dedicated much of her life to recording and revitalizing the language. 954:. Once again, the Upper Skagit formally protested the seizure of land by settlers. Simmons argued that he could not do anything. Furthermore, he said that if the Upper Skagit continued to resist there would be "reprisals", and that they should make a case to the 286:

The Upper Skagit Indian Tribe is descended from several aboriginal village groups (also called bands, tribes, or (extended) villages) who had villages along the Skagit River and its tributaries. These villages are counted between nine and eleven. The

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culture have been found, pointing to a period where humans relied primarily on big game hunting for survival. This period was possibly followed by the development of the marine culture in the Early Maritime period, which has been well-studied in the

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The U.S. Government attempted to make small allotments of land to the Upper Skagit in 1892, but these were rejected by the tribe, who said that they already owned the land and that accepting small allotments would be meaningless. In 1897, the

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period, Upper Skagit society began to shift towards centralization, and certain figures began to appear whose influence and authority reached outside of their family and across society. Several figures emerged during this period, including

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established himself as the leader of this religion, deviating significantly from the traditionally democratic social order at the time, holding widely-attended church sessions during the summer at his large wooden house near what is today

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for assistance; the Upper Skagit delegation agreed. Following this, the five Upper Skagit, led by one Chief Wawitkin, went to Roger S. Green, the territorial judge, to ask for assistance. Green told them to make an appeal to the

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In 1981, the tribe purchased a 24-acre parcel from a local resident, which they took into trust. A reservation of approximately 100 acres was established on September 10, 1981, with another seven acres being acquired in 1997.

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Around 1855, there were about 300 people who lived along the Skagit River. In 1984, there were 233 members of the Upper Skagit Indian Tribe. In 1994, the tribe had 600 members, and by 2008, the tribe had 1,031 citizens.

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to both the Skagit proper, as well as those living along the Skagit River, creating the distinction between the "Upper" and "Lower" Skagits. In historic times, the peoples of the Skagit river would have used the term

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In 1870, the first surveyors of the Northern Pacific Railroad entered Upper Skagit territory, which began to encourage settlement. The first White settler to claim land past the logjam was William Hamilton, founding

244:. "Upper Skagit" in particular refers to the peoples whose villages were located along the Skagit River and its tributaries, contrasting with the "Lower Skagit" of Whidbey island. Early settlers applied the name 1372:

have historically been considered a part of the Upper Skagit by some anthropologists due to their closeness. However, modern scholars separate the two groups due to the existence as a distinct tribal entity.

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2252: 2172: 936:. A council among the settlers was held, and they asked that five unarmed Indians meet with them. The peoples of the Skagit River selected five people who would meet with the Americans (one of whom was 993:

October 17, 1958, also changed the name of the tribe from the Skagit Tribe of Indians to the Upper Skagit Tribe of Indians. On September 23, 1968, the tribe was awarded $ 385,471.42 for their land.

1298:, began encouraging Upper Skagits to become members. Although most members of the congregation were white by the 1970s, there were a growing number of Upper Skagit members of the congregation. 1239:

The Tribe provides health services to its citizens from its Upper Skagit Tribal Health Facility, a 4,500 square feet (420 m) favility that provides primary care and other social services.

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of 1855-1856. The first wagon trail along the Skagit River was created by settlers in 1852, coming from the mountains of British Columbia. In 1858, prospectors discovered gold upriver at

867:, attended the treaty convention, but did not sign it. To this day, all members of the Upper Skagit Indian Tribe are descended from or otherwise related to those that signed the treaty. 157: 963:

for assistance. It is unknown if an appeal to congress was made. After the council, some Upper Skagit moved from the Skagit River to the Sauk River, where settlement had not occurred.

1228:. The casino opened in 1995 and is 65,000 square feet (6,000 m). It employs 450 people and attracts 1 million visitors annually. The Upper Skagit Tribe also has managed the 2764: 772:, it was common for the Upper Skagit peoples to visit the forts to trade. It became tradition to visit one of the forts (usually Victoria) at least once during one's life. 2937: 2786: 1247: 3149: 562: 929: 1136: 1105: 3368: 2837: 427: 369: 1074: 388: 2932: 1229: 1196:

Most tribal members live in Skagit County and are employed in surrounding communities. In 2004, the tribe was awarded a grant of $ 1,369,611 to build

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would establish himself as the sole "chief" of the Upper Skagit, uniting the once-independent peoples of the Skagit River around himself.

579: 35: 164:. The tribe is the successor-in-interest to approximately eleven historic tribes (or bands) which had many permanent villages along the 2772: 1014: 982: 487: 870: 2802: 717:

projectile and spear points, and new styles of fish hooks. This period led into the Historic period of the 18th century to present.

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Sercombe, Laurel (2003). "Researching the music of the first people of the Pacific Northwest: From the academy to the brain room".

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The tribe holds the annual Upper Skagit Celebration and Stick Game Tournament each year in August, which is held in Sedro-Wooley.

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Use of Lushootseed has declined since the beginning of the colonial period, and the last fluent native speaker of Lushootseed,

898:. Eventually, a store was built past the logjam at Mount Vernon in 1876. This attracted settlers from the close settlements of 2927: 2477: 2450: 985:(known today as the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest) was established. Forest rangers came and destroyed Upper Skagit 3107: 1317: 1284: 955: 781:(also called Slaybebtikud, Stababutkin, or Captain Campbell) gained a large religious following among the Upper Skagit. 1017:

to adopt "comprehensive internal hunting regulations", by which the tribes would "set seasons, report kills, and issue

950:. Upon seeing the soldiers, the Upper Skagit fled upriver. The soldiers followed, and eventually the two groups met at 858: 790: 1253:

Over 500 people are employed by the Upper Skagit Tribe on the reservation, both in government and business positions.

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further settlement, and increased tensions between the settlers and the Indigenous peoples of the Skagit River.

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The earliest humans in the Puget Sound region likely arrived roughly 12,000 years ago. Tools belonging to the

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The first Europeans to record their encounter the with the predecessors of the Upper Skagit were the crew of

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Collins, June McCormick (1950). "The Indian Shaker Church: A Study of Continuity and Change in Religion".

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A Cultural Resource Overview: Prehistory, Ethnography, and History: Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

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For thousands of years, the predecessors of the Upper Skagit Indian Tribe lived along the Skagit River,

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was established on September 10, 1981. It consists of three separate small parcels of land in western

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Due to the lack of pressure from settlers, the various Upper Skagit peoples did not take part in the

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been previous contact between the Indigenous peoples of the region and Europeans, albeit unrecorded.

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Miller, Bruce G. (1998). "Culture as Cultural Defense: An American Indian Sacred Site in Court".

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The tribe was initially called "The Skagit Tribe of Indians", but changed their name in 1958.

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and to raise livestock such as chickens. This way, they could trade for more at the forts.

841: 621: 536: 471: 423: 356: 184: 149: 85: 8: 3027: 1165: 103: 1279:. By the 20th century, another Christian religion had gained prominence, that being the 3000: 2806: 2797: 2704: 2683: 2654: 2633: 2584: 2576: 1233: 1197: 903: 161: 3210: 3180: 2852: 2752: 2612: 2588: 2529: 2506: 2483: 2473: 2456: 2446: 1628: 924: 818: 453: 196: 1055: 698:, the culture hero of the Upper Skagit, who changed the world into how it is today. 3337: 3215: 3195: 3185: 3175: 3159: 3144: 3134: 2675: 2568: 2496: 826: 769: 754: 2679: 2572: 518:

Ten house sites, twenty-two winter houses. The largest group on the Skagit River.

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In 1886, a White man murdered a Sauk-Suiattle man. The suspect was brought to

3352: 2616: 2524:. Civilization of the American Indian. Vol. 173 (3rd ed.). Norman: 2510: 1369: 1151: 1138: 1120: 1107: 1089: 1076: 854: 822: 713: 636: 308: 288: 219: 2460: 3129: 2847: 2596:

Deloria, Vine; Frank, Billy; Lane, Vernon; Poole, Dick; Ziontz, Al (2011).

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around 1791. When they arrived in what they called the "Seno de Padilla" (

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The Upper Skagit Tribe is one of the three member nations (alongside the

742: 722: 692: 591: 350: 346: 301: 257:, '(people who) have a river', to refer to themselves as a unit. 223: 192: 77: 2708: 2658: 2084: 3220: 2747: 2637: 2580: 2434: 1336: 1176:(0.404686 km²). Its resident population was 238 persons as of the 1172:, BC on Interstate Highway 5. The total land area is approximately 107 2687: 202:

The predecessor bands to the Upper Skagit Tribe were signatory to the

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Valley of the Spirits: The Upper Skagit Indians of Western Washington

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Campbell, his eldest brother and the second son of Joseph Campbell.

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Padilla Bay was again visited by Europeans in June of 1792, by

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List of village groups preceding the Upper Skagit Indian Tribe

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Smith, Marian W. (1941). "The Coast Salish of Puget Sound".

1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 2387: 2385: 2317: 2315: 2143: 2141: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 1859: 1857: 1756: 1754: 1516: 1514: 1413: 1411: 1320:. The dialect spoken by the Upper Skagit is called Skagit ( 1173: 680:

The Skagit River, homeland of the Upper Skagit Indian Tribe

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Descendants enrolled in both Upper Skagit Indian Tribe and

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Ruby, Robert H.; Brown, John A.; Collins, Cary C. (2010).

1919: 2273: 1831: 1781: 1659: 1013:, and the Sauk-Suiattle Tribe in signing a pact with the 2382: 2312: 2207: 2138: 2103: 2027: 2003: 1991: 1955: 1943: 1931: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1854: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1751: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1511: 1408: 805:, who had moved west of the Cascade mountains. Although 2595: 2521:

A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest

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Federally-recognized Indian Tribe in Washington state

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sub-dialects: Lower Skagit, Upper Skagit, and Sauk.

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The Upper Skagit were introduced to Christianity by

1021:, much to the displeasure of non-Indian sportsmen". 1461: 1318:a variety of Indigenous peoples across Puget Sound 1050: 1270: 1037: 1031: 937: 862: 845: 834: 812: 806: 800: 788: 782: 776: 699: 690: 273: 267: 261: 252: 245: 227: 3350: 2517: 2432: 2350: 2333: 2201: 2159: 1804: 1775: 1745: 1730: 1692: 1653: 1603: 1591: 1455: 1440: 1402: 1015:Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife 671: 240:, whose territory encompassed the land around 199:for several tribes in the Puget Sound region. 2979: 2780: 2598:"The Boldt Decision: A Roundtable Discussion" 1005:In 1990, the Upper Skagit were joined by the 3369:Native American tribes in Washington (state) 1316:, a Central Coast Salish language spoken by 1102:, while the smaller western sections are at 557:West of Rockport, at the bend of the river ( 2695:Yoder, Janet (2007). "Burning at Nooksak". 2472:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 1246:and the Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe) of the 1216:The Upper Skagit Indian Tribe operates the 3059: 2986: 2972: 2787: 2773: 2723:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe official website 2494: 1848: 1792: 1680: 1520: 1417: 401:Eight house sites, sixteen winter houses. 48: 1283:. The Indian Shaker Church originated in 54:Location of the Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 2644: 1312:The Upper Skagit peoples speak Northern 1054: 965: 946:company of soldiers from Tacoma, led by 869: 728: 675: 2558: 2542: 2467: 2391: 2321: 2213: 2147: 2132: 2120: 2053: 2051: 2042: 2021: 2009: 1997: 1985: 1973: 1961: 1949: 1937: 1925: 1884: 1863: 1825: 1760: 1715: 1615: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1505: 1467: 1203: 1019:hunting and identification requirements 817:offered to translate, knowing both the 626:Three house sites, three winter houses 572:Three house sites, three winter houses 449:People who climb the banks of the river 432:Three house sites, seven winter houses 266:is composed of the nominalizing prefix 3351: 2623: 1895: 1893: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 2967: 2768: 2694: 2665: 874:First page of the Point Elliot Treaty 787:was born at the Snohomish village of 542:Four house sites, five winter houses 2561:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 2165: 2048: 970:Man in a canoe on the Skagit River, 601:Six house sites, five winter houses 281: 2356: 2085:"Mount Vernon -- Thumbnail History" 1890: 1526: 459:Two house sites, two winter houses 13: 2552: 2286: 2245: 1275:, and many initially converted to 1184:, the population was 266 persons. 996: 859:Territorial Governor of Washington 775:Sometime before 1855, a man named 553:People upriver from the confluence 14: 3380: 3256:Swinomish Indian Tribal Community 2761:, NW Portland Indian Health Board 2716: 2605:Journal of Northwest Anthropology 1244:Swinomish Indian Tribal Community 760:After the establishment of forts 477:One house site, one winter house 158:federally-recognized Indian tribe 2796: 2755:, NW Indian Fisheries Commission 2468:Collins, June McCormick (1974). 918: 910:. The logjam was destroyed with 34: 3312:Port Madison Indian Reservation 2426: 2397: 2266: 2219: 2077: 1621: 1187: 1065:Upper Skagit Indian Reservation 1051:Upper Skagit Indian Reservation 177:hunting, fishing, and gathering 118:Domestic dependent nation 3251:Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians 2443:University of Washington Press 2405:"About dxʷləšucid Lushootseed" 2351:Ruby, Brown & Collins 2010 2334:Ruby, Brown & Collins 2010 2202:Ruby, Brown & Collins 2010 2160:Ruby, Brown & Collins 2010 1805:Bates, Hess & Hilbert 1994 1776:Bates, Hess & Hilbert 1994 1746:Bates, Hess & Hilbert 1994 1731:Bates, Hess & Hilbert 1994 1693:Bates, Hess & Hilbert 1994 1654:Bates, Hess & Hilbert 1994 1604:Bates, Hess & Hilbert 1994 1592:Bates, Hess & Hilbert 1994 1473: 1456:Bates, Hess & Hilbert 1994 1441:Ruby, Brown & Collins 2010 1403:Ruby, Brown & Collins 2010 1362: 414:Bsigwigwilts, Meeseequaguilch 1: 3359:History of Washington (state) 2680:10.1525/aa.1941.43.2.02a00050 2573:10.1086/soutjanth.6.4.3628566 1380: 1351: – Native American tribe 1024: 971: 672:Oral tradition and prehistory 387:to below Sedro-Wooley; along 376:People of Nookachamps Creek ( 191:, and historically spoke the 160:located in the U.S. state of 3307:Swinomish Indian Reservation 3261:Tulalip Tribes of Washington 2526:University of Oklahoma Press 2503:US Department of Agriculture 1059:Sign at reservation entrance 612:People upriver from the bend 422:Along the Skagit River from 187:. They are related to other 7: 3234:Federally recognized tribes 2543:Sampson, Martin J. (1972). 2495:Hollenbeck, Jan L. (1987). 1342: 1328:), which consists of three 1301: 1264: 1218:Skagit Valley Casino Resort 10: 3385: 3246:Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe 1906:Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe 1305: 1256: 983:Washington National Forest 833:, and the local religion. 684:According to Upper Skagit 666: 658:Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe 508:); along the Baker River ( 466:Bsxwexwehwa'1, Baslohaloh 3325: 3299: 3281:Puyallup Tribe of Indians 3241:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 3233: 3168: 3117: 3106: 3068: 3057: 3036: 3020: 3009: 2813: 2626:American Indian Quarterly 2433:Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom; 2369:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 2299:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 2232:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 2064:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 1572:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 1486:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 1248:Skagit System Cooperative 721:the coast at places like 539:and the surrounding area 474:and the surrounding area 456:and the surrounding area 418:(People of) the big rocks 146:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 125: 117: 109: 97: 69: 59: 47: 31: 23:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 21: 3276:Muckleshoot Indian Tribe 3076:Salishan oral narratives 2728:The Skagit Casino Resort 2697:The Massachusetts Review 2545:Indians of Skagit County 1355: 1232:, which is located near 549:Shayayotsid, Beskiotsid 345:); along the coast from 218:The name "Skagit" is an 120:within the United States 90:Indigenous folk religion 64:Sedro-Wooley, Washington 3271:Snoqualmie Indian Tribe 2668:American Anthropologist 1325: 1271: 1220:, which is located off 1164:, about midway between 1038: 1032: 938: 863: 846: 835: 813: 807: 801: 789: 783: 777: 700: 691: 274: 268: 262: 253: 246: 228: 210: 153: 3286:Nisqually Indian Tribe 2439:Lushootseed Dictionary 1294:churches, such as the 1292:Evangelical Protestant 1152:48.56861°N 122.34528°W 1121:48.55917°N 122.34500°W 1090:48.54194°N 122.18750°W 1060: 977: 961:United States Congress 930:Bernard von Pressentin 875: 681: 317:Traditional territory 232:, which refers to the 204:Treaty of Point Elliot 183:to as far upstream as 3326:Non-recognized groups 3317:Nisqually Reservation 2999:-speaking peoples of 2274:"U.S. Census website" 1330:mutually-intelligible 1058: 969: 956:Department of Justice 873: 729:Early colonial period 679: 278:, 'to hide'. 260:The Lushootseed word 3364:Lushootseed language 3291:Squaxin Island Tribe 3012:Lushootseed language 2647:Fontes Artis Musicae 2528:. pp. 361–364. 1634:Samish Indian Nation 1290:Since 1947, various 1281:Indian Shaker Church 1204:Economy and services 1200:on the reservation. 1157:48.56861; -122.34528 1126:48.55917; -122.34500 1095:48.54194; -122.18750 642:People who dig roots 590:From Marblemount to 357:Samish Indian Nation 193:Lushootseed language 189:Coast Salish peoples 133:upperskagittribe-nsn 86:Indian Shaker Church 3086:Transformer/Changer 3028:Lushootseed grammar 2833:Jamestown S'Klallam 2803:Indian reservations 2409:Tulalip Lushootseed 1285:Mud Bay, Washington 1148: / 1117: / 1086: / 1011:Stillaguamish Tribe 493:Sabelxu, Sabaliuhk 297: 2759:Upper Skagit Tribe 2753:Upper Skagit Tribe 2748:Skagit Ridge Hotel 2336:, p. 363-364. 2162:, p. 362-363. 1928:, p. 211-212. 1296:Pentecostal Church 1198:affordable housing 1061: 978: 876: 735:José María Narváez 682: 586:People way upriver 532:Alongside the path 504:to Faber's Ferry ( 295: 3346: 3345: 3229: 3228: 3055: 3054: 2961: 2960: 2738:The Market Buffet 2479:978-0-295-95327-4 2452:978-0-295-97323-4 1277:Roman Catholicism 819:Okanagan language 799:man, also called 664: 663: 656:Succeeded by the 497:Mixture of people 389:Nookachamps Creek 372:, Nookwachahmish 282:Predecessor bands 197:heritage language 142: 141: 3376: 3338:Steilacoom Tribe 3169:Southern peoples 3118:Northern peoples 3115: 3114: 3110: 3063: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3003: 2997: 2988: 2981: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2801: 2800: 2789: 2782: 2775: 2766: 2765: 2712: 2691: 2662: 2641: 2620: 2602: 2592: 2548: 2539: 2514: 2491: 2464: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2416: 2401: 2395: 2394:, p. 43-44. 2389: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2376: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2324:, p. 39-40. 2319: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2306: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2280: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2257: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2239: 2223: 2217: 2216:, p. 36-37. 2211: 2205: 2199: 2184: 2183: 2177: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2150:, p. 42-43. 2145: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2123:, p. 40-41. 2118: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2071: 2055: 2046: 2045:, p. 38-39. 2040: 2025: 2019: 2013: 2012:, p. 32-35. 2007: 2001: 2000:, p. 41-42. 1995: 1989: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1964:, p. 29-30. 1959: 1953: 1952:, p. 24-25. 1947: 1941: 1940:, p. 21-22. 1935: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1897: 1888: 1882: 1867: 1866:, p. 18-19. 1861: 1852: 1846: 1829: 1823: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1779: 1773: 1764: 1763:, p. 16-18. 1758: 1749: 1743: 1734: 1728: 1719: 1713: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1678: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1625: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1563: 1524: 1518: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1477: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1444: 1438: 1421: 1415: 1406: 1400: 1374: 1366: 1274: 1230:Resort Semiahmoo 1163: 1162: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1132: 1131: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1041: 1035: 976: 973: 941: 866: 849: 838: 816: 810: 804: 794: 786: 780: 770:British Columbia 755:George Vancouver 703: 696: 298: 294: 277: 271: 265: 256: 249: 231: 137: 134: 110:Enrolled members 52: 38: 19: 18: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3349: 3348: 3347: 3342: 3321: 3295: 3266:Suquamish Tribe 3225: 3164: 3108: 3102: 3064: 3051: 3032: 3011: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2992: 2962: 2957: 2809: 2795: 2793: 2719: 2600: 2555: 2553:Further reading 2536: 2480: 2453: 2429: 2424: 2423: 2414: 2412: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2383: 2374: 2372: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2313: 2304: 2302: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2255: 2253:"Tribe Profile" 2251: 2250: 2246: 2237: 2235: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2212: 2208: 2200: 2187: 2175: 2173:"Tribe Profile" 2171: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2154: 2146: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2119: 2104: 2095: 2093: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2069: 2067: 2057: 2056: 2049: 2041: 2028: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2004: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1924: 1920: 1911: 1909: 1899: 1898: 1891: 1883: 1870: 1862: 1855: 1849:Hollenbeck 1987 1847: 1832: 1824: 1811: 1803: 1799: 1793:Hollenbeck 1987 1791: 1782: 1774: 1767: 1759: 1752: 1744: 1737: 1729: 1722: 1714: 1699: 1691: 1687: 1681:Hollenbeck 1987 1679: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1639: 1637: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1614: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1590: 1586: 1577: 1575: 1565: 1564: 1527: 1521:Hollenbeck 1987 1519: 1512: 1504: 1500: 1491: 1489: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1466: 1462: 1454: 1447: 1439: 1424: 1418:Hollenbeck 1987 1416: 1409: 1401: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1377: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1345: 1310: 1304: 1267: 1259: 1206: 1190: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1134: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1053: 1027: 1007:Suquamish Tribe 999: 997:Reservation era 974: 921: 884:Puget Sound War 739:Santa Saturnina 731: 709:old Cordilleran 674: 669: 618:Damnation Creek 284: 272:, and the root 213: 168:in what is now 138: 131: 130: 121: 93: 55: 43: 40: 39: 27: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3382: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3333:Duwamish Tribe 3329: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3125:Skagit peoples 3121: 3119: 3112: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3092:Spirit Powers 3090: 3089: 3088: 3078: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3024: 3022: 3015: 3007: 3006: 2991: 2990: 2983: 2976: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2928:Squaxin Island 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2908:Shoalwater Bay 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2792: 2791: 2784: 2777: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2718: 2717:External links 2715: 2714: 2713: 2703:(4): 594–602. 2692: 2674:(2): 197–211. 2663: 2653:(2/4): 81–88. 2642: 2632:(1/2): 83–97. 2621: 2611:(1): 111–122. 2593: 2567:(4): 399–411. 2554: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2540: 2534: 2515: 2492: 2478: 2465: 2451: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2396: 2381: 2355: 2353:, p. 364. 2338: 2326: 2311: 2285: 2265: 2244: 2218: 2206: 2204:, p. 363. 2185: 2164: 2152: 2137: 2125: 2102: 2076: 2047: 2026: 2014: 2002: 1990: 1978: 1966: 1954: 1942: 1930: 1918: 1889: 1868: 1853: 1851:, p. 130. 1830: 1809: 1807:, p. 176. 1797: 1795:, p. 129. 1780: 1765: 1750: 1735: 1733:, p. 110. 1720: 1697: 1695:, p. 174. 1685: 1683:, p. 128. 1658: 1646: 1620: 1608: 1606:, p. 190. 1596: 1584: 1525: 1523:, p. 127. 1510: 1498: 1472: 1460: 1458:, p. 173. 1445: 1443:, p. 362. 1422: 1420:, p. 126. 1407: 1405:, p. 361. 1385: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1344: 1341: 1306:Main article: 1303: 1300: 1266: 1263: 1258: 1255: 1236:, since 2003. 1205: 1202: 1189: 1186: 1052: 1049: 1026: 1023: 998: 995: 920: 917: 768:in modern-day 730: 727: 686:oral tradition 673: 670: 668: 665: 662: 661: 654: 644: 639: 634: 628: 627: 624: 614: 609: 606: 603: 602: 599: 588: 583: 577: 574: 573: 570: 555: 550: 547: 544: 543: 540: 534: 529: 526: 520: 519: 516: 515:to Baker Lake 499: 494: 485: 479: 478: 475: 469: 467: 464: 461: 460: 457: 451: 446: 440: 434: 433: 430: 420: 415: 409: 403: 402: 399: 382: 373: 367: 361: 360: 353: 335: 333: 328: 322: 321: 318: 315: 312: 305: 283: 280: 238:Whidbey Island 212: 209: 140: 139: 126: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 101: 95: 94: 92: 91: 88: 82:Pentecostalism 76:Christianity ( 73: 71: 67: 66: 61: 57: 56: 53: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 29: 28: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3381: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3155:Stillaguamish 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3105: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2933:Stillaguamish 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2903:Sauk-Suiattle 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2535:9780806124797 2531: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2359: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2335: 2330: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2289: 2275: 2269: 2261: 2260:Skagit County 2254: 2248: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2215: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2181: 2180:Skagit County 2174: 2168: 2161: 2156: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2135:, p. 42. 2134: 2129: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2080: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2054: 2052: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2024:, p. 32. 2023: 2018: 2011: 2006: 1999: 1994: 1988:, p. 22. 1987: 1982: 1976:, p. 31. 1975: 1970: 1963: 1958: 1951: 1946: 1939: 1934: 1927: 1922: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1896: 1894: 1887:, p. 19. 1886: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1850: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1828:, p. 18. 1827: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1806: 1801: 1794: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1778:, p. 33. 1777: 1772: 1770: 1762: 1757: 1755: 1748:, p. 66. 1747: 1742: 1740: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1718:, p. 16. 1717: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1694: 1689: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1656:, p. 85. 1655: 1650: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1624: 1618:, p. 20. 1617: 1612: 1605: 1600: 1593: 1588: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1508:, p. 15. 1507: 1502: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1476: 1469: 1464: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1386: 1371: 1370:Sauk-Suiattle 1365: 1361: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1340: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1309: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1262: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1201: 1199: 1194: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1130: 1099: 1070: 1069:Skagit County 1066: 1057: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1034: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1003: 994: 990: 988: 987:fishing weirs 984: 968: 964: 962: 957: 953: 949: 943: 940: 935: 931: 926: 919:Land disputes 916: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 891: 889: 885: 880: 872: 868: 865: 860: 856: 855:Isaac Stevens 851: 848: 843: 837: 832: 828: 824: 823:Prophet Dance 820: 815: 809: 803: 798: 793: 792: 785: 779: 773: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 751: 748: 744: 740: 736: 726: 724: 718: 715: 714:Fraser Valley 710: 705: 702: 697: 695: 694: 687: 678: 659: 655: 652: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 629: 625: 623: 619: 615: 613: 610: 607: 605: 604: 600: 597: 596:Cascade River 593: 589: 587: 584: 581: 578: 576: 575: 571: 568: 564: 560: 556: 554: 551: 548: 546: 545: 541: 538: 535: 533: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 517: 514: 511: 507: 503: 500: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 484: 481: 480: 476: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 462: 458: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445:Chobahahbish 444: 441: 439: 436: 435: 431: 429: 425: 421: 419: 416: 413: 411:Mesekwegwils, 410: 408: 405: 404: 400: 397: 394: 393:Lake McMurray 390: 386: 383: 381: 377: 374: 371: 368: 366: 363: 362: 358: 354: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 323: 319: 316: 313: 310: 306: 303: 300: 299: 293: 290: 289:Sauk-Suiattle 279: 276: 270: 264: 258: 255: 248: 243: 239: 235: 234:Skagit people 230: 225: 221: 220:anglicization 216: 208: 205: 200: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 173: 171: 170:Skagit County 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 136: 129: 124: 116: 112: 108: 105: 102: 100: 96: 89: 87: 83: 79: 75: 74: 72: 68: 65: 62: 58: 51: 46: 37: 30: 20: 3300:Reservations 3240: 2948:Upper Skagit 2878:Port Madison 2743:Express Eats 2700: 2696: 2671: 2667: 2650: 2646: 2629: 2625: 2608: 2604: 2564: 2560: 2544: 2520: 2501:. Portland: 2497: 2469: 2438: 2427:Bibliography 2413:. Retrieved 2411:. 2014-12-05 2408: 2399: 2392:Collins 1974 2373:. Retrieved 2368: 2367: 2358: 2329: 2322:Collins 1974 2303:. Retrieved 2298: 2297: 2288: 2277:. Retrieved 2268: 2259: 2247: 2236:. Retrieved 2231: 2230: 2227:"Government" 2221: 2214:Collins 1974 2209: 2179: 2167: 2155: 2148:Collins 1974 2133:Collins 1974 2128: 2121:Collins 1974 2094:. Retrieved 2088: 2079: 2068:. Retrieved 2063: 2062: 2059:"Who We Are" 2043:Collins 1974 2022:Collins 1974 2017: 2010:Collins 1974 2005: 1998:Collins 1974 1993: 1986:Sampson 1972 1981: 1974:Collins 1974 1969: 1962:Collins 1974 1957: 1950:Collins 1974 1945: 1938:Collins 1974 1933: 1926:Collins 1974 1921: 1910:. Retrieved 1904: 1885:Collins 1974 1864:Collins 1974 1826:Collins 1974 1800: 1761:Collins 1974 1716:Collins 1974 1688: 1649: 1638:. Retrieved 1632: 1623: 1616:Collins 1974 1611: 1599: 1594:, p. 4. 1587: 1576:. Retrieved 1571: 1570: 1567:"Who We Are" 1506:Collins 1974 1501: 1490:. Retrieved 1485: 1484: 1475: 1470:, p. 5. 1468:Collins 1974 1463: 1364: 1349:Lower Skagit 1334: 1311: 1289: 1272:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 1268: 1260: 1252: 1241: 1238: 1222:Interstate 5 1215: 1211: 1207: 1195: 1191: 1188:Demographics 1180:. As of the 1064: 1062: 1045: 1039:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 1033:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 1028: 1004: 1000: 991: 979: 948:M.T. Simmons 944: 939:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 922: 892: 881: 877: 864:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 857:, the first 852: 847:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 844:Eventually, 836:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 814:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 808:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 802:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 784:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 778:sƛ̕abəbtikəd 774: 759: 752: 738: 732: 719: 706: 689: 683: 641: 631: 611: 608:Kwabatsabsh 585: 558: 552: 531: 528:Saylayotsid 523: 513: 509: 506:qʷəq̓ʷqʷəq̓ʷ 505: 496: 491: 482: 448: 443: 437: 417: 412: 407:bəsikʷigʷilc 406: 395: 385:Mount Vernon 379: 375: 364: 342: 339:Samish River 325: 314:Translation 285: 259: 217: 214: 201: 181:Mount Vernon 174: 166:Skagit River 145: 143: 127: 113:1,031 (2008) 104:Upper Skagit 60:Headquarters 3002:Puget Sound 2996:Lushootseed 2873:Port Gamble 2858:Muckleshoot 2843:Lower Elwha 2441:. Seattle: 2435:Hilbert, Vi 2364:"Community" 2294:"Community" 2090:HistoryLink 1322:Lushootseed 1314:Lushootseed 1308:Lushootseed 1182:2020 census 1178:2000 census 1155: / 1143:122°20′43″W 1124: / 1112:122°20′42″W 1093: / 1081:122°11′15″W 975: 1910 900:Skagit City 831:Catholicism 743:Padilla Bay 723:Padilla Bay 592:Bacon Creek 567:Marblemount 563:Rocky Creek 559:sq̓ixʷucid) 442:Chobaabish, 370:Nookachamps 351:Lake Samish 347:Padilla Bay 343:sqʷəɬqʷalič 302:Lushootseed 224:Lushootseed 150:Lushootseed 78:Catholicism 3353:Categories 3221:Sahewamish 3211:Steilacoom 3181:Snoqualmie 2918:Snoqualmie 2807:Washington 2488:1120655342 2415:2023-01-31 2375:2024-07-23 2305:2024-07-23 2279:2007-04-07 2238:2024-07-19 2096:2023-02-18 2070:2024-07-18 1912:2023-01-31 1640:2023-01-31 1629:"Timeline" 1578:2024-07-18 1492:2024-07-25 1381:References 1337:Vi Hilbert 1326:sqaǰətucid 1226:Burlington 1140:48°34′07″N 1109:48°33′33″N 1078:48°32′31″N 1025:Government 888:Ruby Creek 632:saʔqʷəbixʷ 582:, Skaywih 565:, west of 524:sʔilayucid 337:Along the 309:anglicized 162:Washington 99:Demonym(s) 3216:Nisqually 3201:Suquamish 3196:Sammamish 3186:Shilshole 3176:Skykomish 3160:Snohomish 3145:Kikiallus 3135:Swinomish 2938:Swinomish 2913:Skokomish 2863:Nisqually 2617:899743748 2589:146933669 2511:892024380 1170:Vancouver 1133:, and at 934:Birdsview 908:La Conner 853:In 1855, 842:Rockport. 688:, it was 598:drainage 580:Miskaiwhu 502:Birdsview 396:(qəbuʔlaɬ 365:duqʷəčabš 254:bəstuləkʷ 242:Penn Cove 154:sqaǰətabš 70:Religion 26:sqaǰətabš 3206:Puyallup 3191:Duwamish 3081:dukʷibəɬ 3047:Southern 3043:Northern 3037:Dialects 2893:Quinault 2888:Quileute 2883:Puyallup 2868:Nooksack 2838:Kalispel 2823:Colville 2818:Chehalis 2709:25091256 2659:23510650 2461:29877333 2437:(1994). 1343:See also 1302:Language 1265:Religion 952:Concrete 912:dynamite 896:Hamilton 797:Nespelem 766:Victoria 737:and the 701:dukʷibəɬ 693:dukʷibəɬ 651:Suiattle 622:Newhalem 537:Rockport 488:Smaliwhu 483:sbaliʔxʷ 472:Hamilton 438:čubəʔabš 424:Sterling 311:name(s) 307:English/ 185:Newhalem 3140:Nuwhaha 3109:Peoples 3069:Culture 3021:Grammar 2943:Tulalip 2923:Spokane 2638:1185109 2581:3628566 1901:"Index" 1257:Culture 1166:Seattle 827:plateau 825:of the 762:Langley 747:Nuwhaha 667:History 653:rivers 510:dxʷqəlb 428:Minkler 331:Nuwhaha 326:dxʷʔaha 222:of the 156:) is a 128:Website 3130:Skagit 3096:Ayahos 2953:Yakama 2898:Samish 2733:Encore 2707: 2688:662952 2686: 2657: 2636: 2615: 2587: 2579: 2532: 2509: 2486: 2476: 2459: 2449: 1481:"Home" 1234:Blaine 1009:, the 906:, and 904:Conway 791:hibulb 594:; the 378:duqʷač 320:Notes 275:√qaǰət 263:sqaǰət 247:sqaǰət 229:sqaǰət 2853:Makah 2848:Lummi 2705:JSTOR 2684:JSTOR 2655:JSTOR 2634:JSTOR 2601:(PDF) 2585:S2CID 2577:JSTOR 2256:(PDF) 2176:(PDF) 1356:Notes 1224:near 1174:acres 925:Lyman 795:to a 616:From 454:Lyman 304:name 226:word 3150:Sauk 2613:OCLC 2530:ISBN 2507:OCLC 2484:OCLC 2474:ISBN 2457:OCLC 2447:ISBN 1368:The 1168:and 1063:The 764:and 649:and 647:Sauk 637:Sauk 211:Name 195:, a 144:The 135:.gov 42:Flag 2828:Hoh 2805:in 2676:doi 2569:doi 932:at 620:to 426:to 391:to 349:to 236:of 3355:: 2701:48 2699:. 2682:. 2672:43 2670:. 2651:50 2649:. 2630:22 2628:. 2609:45 2607:. 2603:. 2583:. 2575:. 2563:. 2482:. 2455:. 2445:. 2407:. 2384:^ 2366:. 2341:^ 2314:^ 2296:. 2258:. 2229:. 2188:^ 2178:. 2140:^ 2105:^ 2087:. 2061:. 2050:^ 2029:^ 1903:. 1892:^ 1871:^ 1856:^ 1833:^ 1812:^ 1783:^ 1768:^ 1753:^ 1738:^ 1723:^ 1700:^ 1661:^ 1631:. 1569:. 1528:^ 1513:^ 1483:. 1448:^ 1425:^ 1410:^ 1389:^ 1324:: 1036:. 972:c. 902:, 829:, 725:. 660:. 569:. 561:; 398:) 359:. 269:s- 172:. 152:: 84:; 80:; 2987:e 2980:t 2973:v 2788:e 2781:t 2774:v 2711:. 2690:. 2678:: 2661:. 2640:. 2619:. 2591:. 2571:: 2565:6 2538:. 2513:. 2490:. 2463:. 2418:. 2378:. 2308:. 2282:. 2262:. 2241:. 2182:. 2099:. 2073:. 1915:. 1643:. 1581:. 1495:. 512:) 490:, 380:) 341:( 148:(

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