1149:
855:
725:
597:
910:
possibly act as an antibacterial agent. Recent evidence suggests that the secretions may vary in composition depending on the microbiological composition of the female's uropygial gland; furthermore, the secretions may have an impact on the color of eggs, serving as an indicator of antimicrobial health for the adults during incubation. The secretions stop soon before the young leave the nest. From the age of six days, nestlings can also direct streams of faeces at intruders, and will hiss at them in a snake-like fashion. The young also strike with their bill or with one wing.
1189:
42:
1169:
589:
111:
574:
847:
86:
235:
873:. The male calls frequently to advertise his ownership of the territory. Chases and fights between rival males (and sometimes females) are common and can be brutal. Birds will try to stab rivals with their bills, and individuals are occasionally blinded in fights. The nest is in a hole in a tree or wall, and has a narrow entrance. It may be unlined, or various scraps may be collected. The female alone is responsible for
328:
2254:
680:. Hoopoes have been known to breed north of their European range, and in southern England during warm, dry summers that provide plenty of grasshoppers and similar insects, although as of the early 1980s northern European populations were reported to be in the decline, possibly due to changes in climate. In 2015, a record numbers of hoopoes were recorded in
975:
sought among the birds and said: How is it that I see not the hoopoe, or is he among the absent? (20) I verily will punish him with hard punishment or I verily will slay him, or he verily shall bring me a plain excuse. (21) But he was not long in coming, and he said: I have found out (a thing) that
881:
varies with location: Northern
Hemisphere birds lay more eggs than those in the Southern Hemisphere, and birds at higher latitudes have larger clutches than those closer to the equator. In central and northern Europe and Asia the clutch size is around 12, whereas it is around four in the tropics and
687:
The hoopoe has two basic requirements of its habitat: bare or lightly vegetated ground on which to forage and vertical surfaces with cavities (such as trees, cliffs or even walls, nestboxes, haystacks, and abandoned burrows) in which to nest. These requirements can be provided in a wide range of
909:
of the incubating and brooding female is quickly modified to produce a foul-smelling liquid, and the glands of nestlings do so as well. These secretions are rubbed into the plumage. The secretion, which smells like rotting meat, is thought to help deter predators, as well as deter parasites and
1059:'s sister, and cuts out her tongue. In revenge, Procne kills their son Itys and serves him as a stew to his father. When Tereus sees the boy's head, which is served on a platter, he grabs a sword but just as he attempts to kill the sisters, they are turned into birds—Procne into a
335:
333:
331:
329:
334:
715:
In what was long thought to be a defensive posture, hoopoes sunbathe by spreading out their wings and tail low against the ground and tilting their head up; they often fold their wings and preen halfway through. They also enjoy taking dust and sand baths.
765:
are detected by the bill and either extracted or dug out with the strong feet. Hoopoes will also feed on insects on the surface, probe into piles of leaves, and even use the bill to lever large stones and flake off bark. Common diet items include
332:
1148:
933:, and were "depicted on the walls of tombs and temples". During the Old Kingdom, the hoopoe was used in the iconography as a symbolic code to indicate the child was the heir and successor of his father. They achieved a similar standing in
604:
The
Eurasian hoopoe is a medium-sized bird, 25–32 cm (9.8–12.6 in) long, with a 44–48 cm (17–19 in) wingspan. It weighs 46–89 g (1.6–3.1 oz). The species is highly distinctive, with a long, thin tapering
752:
are sometimes taken as well. It is a solitary forager which typically feeds on the ground. More rarely they will feed in the air, where their strong and rounded wings make them fast and manoeuvrable, in pursuit of numerous swarming
1204:
The
Eurasian Hoopoe is listed as a species of "Least concern" by the IUCN. Despite the fact, the species has been in a continuous decline according to the organisation since 2008, the causes being loss of habitat and over-hunting.
632:, which may give rise to its English and scientific names, although two and four syllables are also common. An alternative explanation of the English and scientific names is that they are derived from the French name for the bird,
894:. By around day three to five, feather quills emerge which will become the adult feathers. The chicks are brooded by the female for between 9 and 14 days. The female later joins the male in the task of bringing food. The young
889:
period for the species is between 15 and 18 days, during which time the male feeds the female. Incubation begins as soon as the first egg is laid, so the chicks are born asynchronously. The chicks hatch with a covering of
1331:
Historiae animalium liber III qui est de auium natura. Adiecti sunt ab initio indices alphabetici decem super nominibus auium in totidem linguis diuersis: & ante illos enumeratio auium eo ordiné quo in hoc volumine
297:. It is a distinctive cinnamon coloured bird with black and white wings, a tall erectile crest, a broad white band across a black tail, and a long narrow downcurved bill. Its call is a soft "oop-oop-oop".
882:
seven in the subtropics. The eggs are round and milky blue when laid, but quickly discolour in the increasingly dirty nest. They weigh 4.5 g (0.16 oz). A replacement clutch is possible.
625:, caused by the wings half closing at the end of each beat or short sequence of beats. Adults may begin their moult after the breeding season and continue after they have migrated for the winter.
66:
330:
1099:
in A. S. Kline's translation. The bird's crest indicates his royal status, and his long, sharp beak is a symbol of his violent nature. English translators and poets probably had the
703:
Hoopoes make seasonal movements in response to rain in some regions such as in Ceylon and in the
Western Ghats. Birds have been seen at high altitudes during migration across the
1129:
In
Morocco, hoopoes are traded live and as medicinal products in the markets, primarily in herbalist shops. This trade is unregulated and a potential threat to local populations
64:
757:. More commonly their foraging style is to stride over relatively open ground and periodically pause to probe the ground with the full length of their bill. Insect larvae,
613:
of the head allows the bill to be opened when probing inside the soil. The hoopoe has broad and rounded wings capable of strong flight; these are larger in the northern
2336:
65:
2487:
1188:
664:
belt of sub-Saharan Africa. The birds predominantly migrate at night. In contrast, the
African populations are sedentary all year. The species has been a
644:), although the cuckoo typically produces four notes. Other calls include rasping croaks, when alarmed, and hisses. Females produce a wheezy note during
1842:
838: in). Larger prey items are beaten against the ground or a preferred stone to kill them and remove indigestible body parts such as wings and legs.
1990:
MartĂn-Vivaldi, Manuel; Palomino, JosĂ© J.; Soler, Manuel (2004). "Strophe length in spontaneous songs predicts male response to playback in the Hoopoe
684:, with at least 50 birds recorded in the southwest of the country. This was the highest recorded number since 1965 when 65 individuals were sighted.
2548:
2874:
2926:
1347:
3032:
898:
in 26 to 29 days and remain with the parents for about a week more. Hoopoes show hatching asynchrony of eggs which is thought to allow for
1110:
of Israel in May 2008 in conjunction with the country's 60th anniversary, following a national survey of 155,000 citizens, outpolling the
1168:
656:
The
Eurasian hoopoe is widespread in Europe, Asia, and North Africa and northern Sub-Saharan Africa. Most European and north Asian birds
1211:
In Europe, the hoopoe seems to have a stable population though it is threatened in several regions. The bird is considered extinct in
1311:
L'histoire de la natvre des oyseavx : avec levrs descriptions, & naĂŻfs portraicts retirez du natvrel, escrite en sept livres
1291:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2848:
1132:
Three CGI enhanced hoopoes, together with other birds collectively named "the tittifers", are often shown whistling a song in the
2887:
427:
2311:
2532:
1974:
1938:
1825:
1800:
1758:
1671:"Miniaturized multi-sensor loggers provide new insight into year-round flight behaviour of small trans-Sahara avian migrants"
1470:
1450:
1357:
2892:
2021:
Hildebrandt, B.; Schaub, M. (2018). "The effects of hatching asynchrony on growth and mortality patterns in
Eurasian Hoopoe
3067:
3062:
2185:
2786:
1440:
929:
Hoopoes are distinctive birds and have made a cultural impact over much of their range. They were considered sacred in
854:
2983:
3042:
2991:
2817:
2931:
948:
11:13–19, hoopoes were listed among the animals that are unclean and should not be eaten. They are also listed in
2830:
2799:
2346:
360:
225:
1721:
926:, a damaging forest pest. For this reason the species is afforded protection under the law in many countries.
3052:
2913:
2734:
2648:
1620:"Repeatability of individual migration routes, wintering sites, and timing in a long-distance migrant bird"
1559:
Bächler, E.; Hahn, S.; Schaub, M.; Arlettaz, R.; Jenni, L.; Fox, J.W.; Afanasyev, V.; Liechti, F. (2010).
2708:
1495:
1435:
989:
17:
2713:
1866:
2557:
1378:
1260:
1115:
419:
2996:
3057:
2677:
2571:
2525:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic
724:
2462:
2412:
1497:
Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, together with those of Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Ceylon
3047:
1512:
Reichlin, T.S.; Schaub, M.; Menz, M.H.M.; Mermod, M.; Portner, P.; Arlettaz, R.; Jenni, L. (2009).
596:
110:
3037:
2341:
1159:
1111:
923:
707:. One was recorded at about 6,400 m (21,000 ft) by the first Mount Everest expedition.
2970:
1930:
1924:
600:
The muscles of the head allow the hoopoe's bill to be opened when it is inserted into the ground
2879:
2695:
2601:
2587:
1669:
Liechti, F.; Bauer, S.; Dhanjal-Adams, K.L.; Emmenegger, T.; Zehtindjiev, P.; Hahn, S. (2018).
1138:
513:
2905:
2219:
Dupree, N (1974). "An interpretation of the role of the Hoopoe in Afghan folklore and magic".
2203:
1966:
1960:
1501:. Vol. 4: Frogmouths to Pittas. Bombay, India: Oxford University Press. pp. 124–129.
462:
northwest Africa and Europe east to central south Russia, northwest China and northwest India
2965:
2639:
1792:
1786:
531:
392:
205:
2957:
2565:
2369:
1445:. Vol. 6: Mousebirds to Hornbills. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 396–411 .
1294:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 117.
2978:
2700:
2659:
2073:
1572:
1490:
1219:. The species has recovered and stabilised in Switzerland, however they remain vulnerable.
8:
2527:. Vol. IV: Terns to Woodpeckers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 786–799.
1237:
866:
377:, both of which had been published in 1555. Linnaeus placed the Eurasian hoopoe with the
352:
75:
2077:
1576:
968:
2721:
2236:
2142:
2094:
2053:
1697:
1670:
1646:
1619:
1595:
1560:
1541:
964:
870:
665:
474:
378:
105:
2840:
2581:
2387:
688:
ecosystems, and as a consequence the hoopoe inhabits a wide range of habitats such as
312:. It is migratory in the northern part of its range. Some ornithologists consider the
2952:
2747:
2528:
2290:
2284:
2099:
2007:
1970:
1934:
1821:
1796:
1754:
1702:
1651:
1600:
1466:
1446:
1353:
1091:
994:
878:
645:
636:, which means crested. In the Himalayas, the calls can be confused with that of the
382:
317:
2739:
2664:
2146:
1545:
1329:
1309:
2752:
2315:
2228:
2134:
2089:
2081:
2034:
2003:
1692:
1682:
1641:
1631:
1590:
1580:
1561:"Year-round tracking of small trans-Saharan migrants using light-level geolocators"
1533:
1382:
1255:
1100:
1025:
1004:
Hoopoes were thought of as thieves across much of Europe, and harbingers of war in
874:
767:
637:
492:
423:
41:
2268:
2232:
1289:
2939:
2804:
2726:
2549:
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 5.3 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
2189:
1585:
1386:
919:
918:
The diet of the Eurasian hoopoe includes many species considered by humans to be
906:
899:
581:
549:
499:
365:
2918:
2825:
2812:
1325:
977:
886:
657:
614:
418:
of the Eurasian hoopoe are recognised in the list of world birds maintained by
374:
313:
162:
2182:
2138:
1687:
1537:
3026:
3009:
2900:
2516:
2437:
1285:
1246:
1179:
1118:
and is the official mascot of the University's sports. The municipalities of
1107:
1039:
1020:
930:
403:
356:
221:
95:
90:
1989:
2791:
2624:
2103:
1706:
1655:
1604:
1305:
1030:
972:
934:
891:
762:
370:
2117:
Battisti, A; Bernardi, M.; Ghiraldo, C. (2000). "Predation by the hoopoe (
846:
660:
to the tropics in winter. Those breeding in Europe usually migrate to the
522:
Larger than nominate, longer billed, narrower tailband, greyer upperparts
2861:
2633:
2085:
1123:
1064:
1005:
949:
814: in) in length, with a preferred prey size of around 20–30 mm (
677:
618:
573:
54:
2687:
1016:; their song is believed to foreshadow death for many people or cattle.
869:, although the pair bond apparently only lasts for a single season, and
588:
3004:
2853:
2240:
1194:
The Hoopoe bird was recorded as residing in Britain in the 18th century
1086:
1013:
415:
321:
2944:
2038:
1636:
2866:
2773:
2564:
1486:
1052:
945:
704:
697:
622:
234:
122:
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2161:
905:
Hoopoes have well-developed anti-predator defences in the nest. The
2778:
2765:
2618:
2553:
1668:
1119:
142:
2580:
987:. A hoopoe was a leader of the birds in the Persian book of poems
430:(IOC). The subspecies vary in size and the depth of colour in the
2672:
1843:"Hoopoe causing a hoopla in southeast as 50 exotic birds spotted"
1073:
1060:
1009:
998:
997:) and when the birds seek a king, the hoopoe points out that the
787:
737:
693:
681:
431:
2116:
1513:
1216:
1212:
1175:
1056:
1048:
1044:
984:
953:
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783:
779:
775:
771:
754:
733:
669:
610:
309:
301:
182:
172:
132:
50:
483:
Smaller than nominate, more rufous overall, no white in crest
2760:
1012:
tradition, hoopoes are strongly connected with death and the
960:
941:
749:
689:
661:
387:
369:. He cited the earlier descriptions by the French naturalist
293:
2058:
MRR 10-3, isolated from the uropygial gland of the Hoopoe (
1958:
1229:
1034:
859:
758:
745:
741:
606:
305:
152:
2054:"Characterization of antimicrobial substances produced by
2051:
1558:
1133:
790:, bugs and ants. These can range from 10 to 150 mm (
1511:
1387:"Mousebirds, Cuckoo Roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills"
1788:
The Breeding Birds of Europe 2: A Photographic Handbook
617:
subspecies. The hoopoe has a characteristic undulating
2388:"Illegal trade in wild birds in Morocco: photo-report"
1784:
1235:
732:
The diet of the Eurasian hoopoe is mostly composed of
2266:
1749:
Heindel, Matthew T. (2006). Jonathan Alderfer (ed.).
1439:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
2312:"The Metamorphoses: They are transformed into birds"
2125:
and the likely influence on other natural enemies".
1377:
498:
northeast India to south China, Indochina and north
1617:
1208:Hunting is of concern in southern Europe and Asia.
2159:
1923:Fry, Hilary C. (2003). Christopher Perrins (ed.).
1890:
1820:. Exeter, England: Webb & Bower. p. 141.
1494:
1434:
1261:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682655A181836360.en
2329:
2020:
1314:(in French). Paris: Gilles Corrozet. p. 293.
976:thou apprehendest not, and I come unto thee from
609:that is black with a fawn base. The strengthened
3024:
2052:MartĂn-Platero, Antonio M.; et al. (2006).
1719:
1126:, Germany, have hoopoes in their coats of arms.
2208:. New York: E.P.Dutton and Company. p. 27.
2201:
1891:Champion-Jones, RN (1937). "The Ceylon Hoopoe (
1983:
1959:Harrison, C.J.O.; Christopher Perrins (1979).
1618:Van Wijk, R.E.; Bauer, S.; Schaub, M. (2016).
291:) is the most widespread species of the genus
555:Cameroon to northwest Kenya and north Uganda
1965:. The Reader's Digest Association. pp.
1753:. National Geographic Society. p. 360.
1349:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1335:(in Latin). Zurich: Froschauer. p. 743.
2162:"The child and the hoopoe in ancient Egypt"
1954:
1952:
1950:
1019:The hoopoe is the king of the birds in the
983:Hoopoes were seen as a symbol of virtue in
913:
651:
562:but darker plumage and more white on wings
2554:Photos, audio and video of Eurasian hoopoe
1867:"Hoopoe invasion of Ireland's south coast"
1785:Pforr, Manfred; Alfred Limbrunner (1982).
1744:
1742:
1722:"Hoopoe, A First Record for North America"
1522:: an analysis of European ring recoveries"
1465:RSPB Handbook of British Birds (2014). UK
1280:
1278:
434:. A further subspecies has been proposed:
84:
62:
40:
2380:
2367:
2267:Garth, Samuel; Dryden, John; et al.
2093:
1696:
1686:
1645:
1635:
1594:
1584:
1485:
1352:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 147.
1259:
1947:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1284:
1114:. The hoopoe appears on the Logo of the
853:
845:
723:
710:
595:
587:
572:
326:
233:
2345:. Reuters. May 29, 2008. Archived from
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1748:
1739:
1432:
1345:
1275:
14:
3025:
2218:
2066:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1720:Dau, Christian; Paniyak, Jack (1977).
1428:
1324:
971:), in Surah Al-Naml 27:20–22: "And he
540:Smaller than nominate, shorter winged
428:International Ornithological Committee
2600:
2599:
2515:
2309:
2282:
1840:
1815:
1767:
1481:
1479:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1393:. International Ornithologists' Union
1373:
1371:
1369:
1304:
1215:and "needing active conservation" in
850:Young and mature hoopoe in Dubai park
592:Hoopoes seen in Tenerife in July 2021
2831:b162b6da-9fe7-47de-9049-96db5159369c
2110:
1907:
628:The call is typically a trisyllabic
3033:IUCN Red List least concern species
2370:"Hoopoe Israel's new national bird"
2255:Forty birds in Estonian folklore IV
1922:
1247:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1067:. Tereus himself is turned into an
719:
480:central, south India and Sri Lanka
426:and David Donsker on behalf of the
24:
1791:. London: Croom and Helm. p.
1476:
1442:Handbook of the Birds of the World
1405:
1366:
676:was recorded there in 1975 in the
355:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
262: Eurasian hoopoe (wintering)
25:
3079:
2542:
300:The Eurasian hoopoe is native to
255: Eurasian hoopoe (resident)
248: Eurasian hoopoe (breeding)
2008:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.00971.x
1391:IOC World Bird List Version 13.1
1187:
1167:
1147:
1103:in mind, considering its crest.
621:, which is like that of a giant
109:
2480:
2455:
2430:
2405:
2368:Erlichman, Erez (30 May 2008).
2361:
2303:
2275:
2260:
2247:
2212:
2195:
2176:
2153:
2045:
2014:
1884:
1859:
1841:Healy, Alison (27 April 2015).
1834:
1809:
1751:Complete Birds of North America
1713:
1662:
1611:
1552:
1505:
1236:BirdLife International (2020).
1199:
959:The hoopoe also appears in the
902:when food availability is low.
1962:Birds: Their Ways, Their World
1514:"Migration patterns of Hoopoe
1459:
1339:
1318:
1298:
568:
537:Senegal and Gambia to Somalia
13:
1:
2281:Book 5, lines 6041 and 6046.
2233:10.1080/0015587X.1974.9716553
1926:Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
1136:children's television series
1106:The hoopoe was chosen as the
728:Juvenile in nest box, Hungary
409:
1586:10.1371/journal.pone.0009566
1222:
700:, as well as forest glades.
373:and by the Swiss naturalist
57:, India with a raised crown
7:
3068:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2205:The Persian Mystics 'Attar'
2160:Marshall, Amandine (2015).
1436:"Family Upupidae (Hoopoes)"
1156:The Sketching of Rare Birds
1001:was the king of the birds.
990:The Conference of the Birds
922:, such as the pupae of the
841:
504:Larger than nominate, pale
346:
10:
3084:
3063:National symbols of Israel
2572:Collier's New Encyclopedia
2558:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
2509:
2283:Gower, John (2008-07-03).
1929:. Firefly Books. pp.
1346:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1116:University of Johannesburg
98:) (As the "common hoopoe")
2608:
2269:"'Metamorphoses' by Ovid"
2183:Deuteronomy Chapter 14:18
1688:10.1186/s40462-018-0137-1
1538:10.1007/s10336-008-0361-3
1254:: e.T22682655A181836360.
1178:. The hoopoe is Israel's
744:and plant matter such as
449:
446:
443:
308:and the northern half of
211:
204:
106:Scientific classification
104:
82:
73:
61:
48:
39:
34:
2202:Smith, Margaret (1932).
1897:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
914:Relationship with humans
652:Distribution and habitat
351:The Eurasian hoopoe was
274:
269: Madagascar hoopoe
267:
260:
253:
246:
3043:Birds described in 1758
2342:San Francisco Chronicle
2139:10.1023/A:1009992321465
2123:Thaumetopoea pityocampa
1893:Upupa epops ceylonensis
1385:, eds. (January 2023).
1160:Emperor Huizong of Song
1112:white-spectacled bulbul
1071:(6.674), translated as
438:in northwestern India.
398:. The specific epithet
2588:Encyclopedia Americana
2257:. translate.google.com
1526:Journal of Ornithology
1139:In the Night Garden...
862:
851:
729:
601:
593:
585:
343:
278:
2966:Paleobiology Database
2056:Enterococcus faecalis
1624:Ecology and Evolution
1063:and Philomela into a
993:("Mantiq al-Tayr" by
963:and is known as the "
857:
849:
727:
711:Behaviour and ecology
599:
591:
576:
450:Distinctive features
338:
237:
3053:Birds of East Africa
2826:Fauna Europaea (new)
2310:Kline, A.S. (2000).
2086:10.1128/AEM.02940-05
1816:Soper, Tony (1982).
1433:Krištin, A. (2001).
980:with sure tidings."
865:The hoopoe genus is
406:word for a hoopoe.
276: African hoopoe
2560:'s Macaulay Library
2349:on January 28, 2012
2078:2006ApEnM..72.4245M
1577:2010PLoSO...5.9566B
1162:in the 12th century
1154:Hoopoe featured in
76:Conservation status
2394:. 23 December 2013
2192:. mechon-mamre.org
2188:2019-01-22 at the
1871:Ireland's Wildlife
1381:; Donsker, David;
924:processionary moth
863:
852:
730:
692:, wooded steppes,
602:
594:
586:
528:U. e. senegalensis
489:U. e. longirostris
379:northern bald ibis
353:formally described
344:
318:Madagascar hoopoes
279:
3020:
3019:
2953:Open Tree of Life
2602:Taxon identifiers
2534:978-0-19-857507-8
2337:"Day in pictures"
2291:Project Gutenberg
2286:Confessio Amantis
2039:10.1111/ibi.12529
1976:978-0-89577-065-3
1940:978-1-55297-777-4
1827:978-0-906671-55-9
1802:978-0-7099-2020-5
1760:978-0-7922-4175-1
1637:10.1002/ece3.2578
1630:(24): 8679–8685.
1491:Ripley, S. Dillon
1471:978-1-4729-0647-2
1452:978-84-87334-30-6
1383:Rasmussen, Pamela
1359:978-1-4081-2501-4
1092:Confessio Amantis
736:, although small
646:courtship feeding
642:Cuculus saturatus
566:
565:
471:U. e. ceylonensis
383:red-billed chough
336:
232:
231:
99:
67:
16:(Redirected from
3075:
3058:Birds of Eurasia
3013:
3012:
3000:
2999:
2987:
2986:
2974:
2973:
2961:
2960:
2948:
2947:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2921:
2919:NHMSYS0000530687
2909:
2908:
2896:
2895:
2883:
2882:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2821:
2820:
2808:
2807:
2795:
2794:
2782:
2781:
2769:
2768:
2756:
2755:
2743:
2742:
2730:
2729:
2717:
2716:
2704:
2703:
2691:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:F4D0DB8E39216416
2668:
2667:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2538:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2314:. Archived from
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2264:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2193:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2072:(6): 4245–4249.
2049:
2043:
2042:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1920:
1905:
1904:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1782:
1765:
1764:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1690:
1675:Movement Ecology
1666:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1483:
1474:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1438:
1430:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1375:
1364:
1363:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1233:
1191:
1171:
1151:
1101:northern lapwing
837:
836:
832:
829:
823:
822:
818:
813:
812:
808:
805:
799:
798:
794:
720:Food and feeding
638:Himalayan cuckoo
441:
440:
436:U. e. orientalis
424:Pamela Rasmussen
337:
277:
275:
270:
268:
263:
261:
256:
254:
249:
247:
238:Distribution of
217:
114:
113:
93:
88:
87:
69:
68:
44:
35:Eurasian hoopoe
32:
31:
21:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3048:Birds of Africa
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3008:
3003:
2995:
2990:
2982:
2977:
2969:
2964:
2956:
2951:
2943:
2940:Observation.org
2938:
2930:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2904:
2899:
2891:
2886:
2878:
2873:
2865:
2860:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2777:
2772:
2764:
2759:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2733:
2725:
2720:
2712:
2707:
2699:
2694:
2686:
2684:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2604:
2579:
2563:
2545:
2535:
2519:, ed. (1985). "
2512:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2397:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2321:
2319:
2308:
2304:
2295:
2293:
2280:
2276:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2248:
2217:
2213:
2200:
2196:
2190:Wayback Machine
2181:
2177:
2158:
2154:
2115:
2111:
2050:
2046:
2019:
2015:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1957:
1948:
1941:
1921:
1908:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1847:The Irish Times
1839:
1835:
1828:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1783:
1768:
1761:
1747:
1740:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1667:
1663:
1616:
1612:
1557:
1553:
1510:
1506:
1484:
1477:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1431:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1376:
1367:
1360:
1344:
1340:
1323:
1319:
1303:
1299:
1283:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1183:
1172:
1163:
1152:
1043:, book 6, King
916:
907:uropygial gland
900:brood reduction
844:
834:
830:
827:
825:
820:
816:
815:
810:
806:
803:
801:
796:
792:
791:
722:
713:
654:
571:
548:
530:
512:
500:Malay Peninsula
491:
473:
459:Linnaeus, 1758
458:
447:Breeding range
412:
391:and coined the
366:Systema Naturae
349:
327:
283:Eurasian hoopoe
273:
272:
271:
266:
265:
264:
259:
258:
257:
252:
251:
250:
245:
244:
243:
228:
219:
213:
200:
108:
100:
89:
85:
78:
63:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3038:Bucerotiformes
3035:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3001:
2988:
2975:
2962:
2949:
2936:
2923:
2910:
2897:
2884:
2871:
2858:
2845:
2835:
2822:
2813:Fauna Europaea
2809:
2796:
2783:
2770:
2757:
2744:
2731:
2718:
2705:
2692:
2682:
2669:
2656:
2645:
2630:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2594:
2593:
2582:"Hoopoe"
2577:
2561:
2551:
2544:
2543:External links
2541:
2540:
2539:
2533:
2517:Cramp, Stanley
2511:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2479:
2463:"conservation"
2454:
2429:
2404:
2392:MaghrebOrnitho
2379:
2360:
2328:
2302:
2274:
2259:
2253:Mall Hiiemäe,
2246:
2211:
2194:
2175:
2172:(26.1): 59–63.
2152:
2133:(3): 311–323.
2121:) on pupae of
2109:
2044:
2033:(1): 145–157.
2013:
2002:(5): 351–362.
1982:
1975:
1946:
1939:
1906:
1883:
1858:
1833:
1826:
1808:
1801:
1766:
1759:
1738:
1712:
1661:
1610:
1551:
1532:(2): 393–400.
1520:Jynx torquilla
1504:
1475:
1458:
1451:
1404:
1365:
1358:
1338:
1326:Gesner, Conrad
1317:
1297:
1286:Linnaeus, Carl
1274:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1153:
1146:
1077:by Dryden and
915:
912:
892:downy feathers
843:
840:
721:
718:
712:
709:
674:U. e. saturata
653:
650:
570:
567:
564:
563:
556:
553:
542:
541:
538:
535:
524:
523:
520:
517:
506:
505:
502:
496:
485:
484:
481:
478:
467:
466:
463:
460:
452:
451:
448:
445:
411:
408:
375:Conrad Gessner
348:
345:
230:
229:
220:
209:
208:
202:
201:
194:
192:
188:
187:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
163:Bucerotiformes
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
102:
101:
83:
80:
79:
74:
71:
70:
59:
58:
49:Individual in
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3080:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
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3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
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2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
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2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
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2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:Featherbase:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2567:
2566:"Hoopœ"
2562:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2318:on 2007-07-11
2317:
2313:
2306:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2278:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2227:(3): 173–93.
2226:
2222:
2215:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
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1566:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
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1508:
1499:
1498:
1492:
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1472:
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1462:
1454:
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1444:
1443:
1437:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
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1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1306:Belon, Pierre
1301:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1180:national bird
1177:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:national bird
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:Metamorphoses
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:Ancient Greek
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
991:
986:
981:
979:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
955:
952:14:18 as not
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
931:Ancient Egypt
927:
925:
921:
911:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
888:
883:
880:
876:
872:
868:
861:
856:
848:
839:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
763:mole crickets
760:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
726:
717:
708:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
649:
648:by the male.
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
598:
590:
583:
579:
575:
561:
557:
554:
551:
547:
546:U. e. waibeli
544:
543:
539:
536:
533:
529:
526:
525:
521:
518:
515:
511:
508:
507:
503:
501:
497:
494:
490:
487:
486:
482:
479:
476:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
457:
454:
453:
442:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
407:
405:
404:Ancient Greek
401:
397:
394:
393:binomial name
390:
389:
385:in the genus
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
361:tenth edition
358:
357:Carl Linnaeus
354:
341:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
295:
290:
289:
284:
241:
236:
227:
223:
218:
216:
210:
207:
206:Binomial name
203:
199:
198:
197:U. epops
193:
190:
189:
186:
185:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
103:
97:
92:
91:Least Concern
81:
77:
72:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2609:
2586:
2570:
2524:
2520:
2495:. Retrieved
2491:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2466:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:
2407:
2396:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2373:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2347:the original
2340:
2331:
2320:. Retrieved
2316:the original
2305:
2294:. Retrieved
2285:
2277:
2262:
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2025:nestlings".
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1873:. 2015-04-15
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1200:Conservation
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1031:Aristophanes
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935:Minoan Crete
928:
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864:
858:Hoopoe eggs
731:
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686:
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560:senegalensis
559:
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371:Pierre Belon
364:
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29:
3010:Upupa-epops
2862:iNaturalist
2665:Upupa_epops
2640:Upupa epops
2634:Wikispecies
2610:Upupa epops
2521:Upupa epops
2353:January 25,
2119:Upupa epops
2060:Upupa epops
2023:Upupa epops
1992:Upupa epops
1895:Reichb.)".
1516:Upupa epops
1379:Gill, Frank
1332:continentur
1267:19 November
1240:Upupa epops
1079:lappewincke
1065:nightingale
1055:, his wife
1006:Scandinavia
950:Deuteronomy
879:Clutch size
871:territorial
678:Yukon Delta
630:oop-oop-oop
611:musculature
578:U. e. epops
569:Description
510:U. e. major
475:Reichenbach
456:U. e. epops
444:Subspecies
396:Upupa epops
340:Upupa epops
288:Upupa epops
215:Upupa epops
55:Uttarakhand
18:Upupa epops
3027:Categories
3005:Xeno-canto
2497:18 January
2472:18 January
2447:18 January
2422:18 January
2413:"decrease"
2398:2018-06-03
2322:2009-02-17
2296:2009-02-17
2127:Biocontrol
1877:2020-07-27
1852:2020-07-27
1487:Ali, Sálim
1174:Hoopoe in
1087:John Gower
1083:lappewinge
1014:underworld
887:incubation
877:the eggs.
875:incubating
867:monogamous
698:grasslands
514:Brehm C.L.
420:Frank Gill
416:subspecies
410:Subspecies
322:subspecies
2523:Hoopoe".
2438:"extinct"
1903:(2): 418.
1818:Birdwatch
1735:(3): 601.
1681:(1): 19.
1223:Citations
1053:Philomela
1026:The Birds
946:Leviticus
788:ant lions
705:Himalayas
690:heathland
623:butterfly
615:migratory
550:Reichenow
465:Nominate
191:Species:
129:Kingdom:
123:Eukaryota
2906:22682655
2880:10201321
2701:22682655
2696:BirdLife
2685:BioLib:
2619:Wikidata
2442:Artfakta
2221:Folklore
2186:Archived
2147:11447864
2104:16751538
1996:Ethology
1707:30305904
1656:28035259
1605:20221266
1565:PLOS ONE
1546:43360238
1493:(1970).
1328:(1555).
1308:(1555).
1288:(1758).
1124:Brechten
1120:Armstedt
1010:Estonian
842:Breeding
768:crickets
738:reptiles
694:savannas
584:, Spain.
532:Swainson
381:and the
347:Taxonomy
222:Linnaeus
173:Upupidae
169:Family:
143:Chordata
139:Phylum:
133:Animalia
119:Domain:
96:IUCN 3.1
2997:1451644
2854:2498415
2740:bob8460
2673:Avibase
2591:. 1920.
2575:. 1921.
2510:Sources
2241:1260073
2095:1489579
2074:Bibcode
1967:303–304
1698:6167888
1647:5192954
1596:2832685
1573:Bibcode
1089:in his
1074:lapwing
1061:swallow
1023:comedy
999:Simurgh
973:Solomon
940:In the
833:⁄
819:⁄
809:⁄
795:⁄
784:cicadas
780:earwigs
776:beetles
772:locusts
755:insects
750:berries
734:insects
682:Ireland
666:vagrant
658:migrate
582:Galicia
552:, 1913
534:, 1837
516:, 1855
495:, 1862
477:, 1853
432:plumage
402:in the
363:of his
359:in the
314:African
242:species
179:Genus:
159:Order:
149:Class:
94: (
2971:371813
2958:412129
2893:178117
2800:EURING
2779:UPUPEP
2766:hoopoe
2727:hoopoe
2653:eurhoo
2625:Q25247
2531:
2467:Polska
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2145:
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1973:
1937:
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1397:4 June
1356:
1217:Poland
1213:Sweden
1176:Israel
1097:hoopoe
1057:Procne
1051:rapes
1049:Thrace
1045:Tereus
985:Persia
965:Hudhud
954:kosher
896:fledge
670:Alaska
634:huppée
619:flight
519:Egypt
493:Jerdon
310:Africa
302:Europe
51:Almora
2992:WoRMS
2984:18405
2932:57439
2875:IRMNG
2867:20969
2841:epops
2818:97088
2787:EUNIS
2761:eBird
2753:7DLHC
2714:52582
2556:from
2237:JSTOR
2143:S2CID
1725:(PDF)
1542:S2CID
1095:, or
1085:) by
1069:epops
1033:. In
1008:. In
995:Attar
978:Sheba
961:Quran
942:Torah
920:pests
759:pupae
746:seeds
742:frogs
662:Sahel
400:epops
388:Upupa
294:Upupa
240:Upupa
184:Upupa
2927:NCBI
2901:IUCN
2888:ITIS
2849:GBIF
2805:8460
2792:1340
2774:EPPO
2709:BOLD
2688:8813
2529:ISBN
2499:2022
2492:BAFU
2488:"VU"
2474:2022
2449:2022
2424:2022
2417:IUCN
2374:ynet
2355:2022
2100:PMID
2027:Ibis
1971:ISBN
1935:ISBN
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1797:ISBN
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1703:PMID
1652:PMID
1601:PMID
1467:ISBN
1447:ISBN
1399:2023
1354:ISBN
1269:2021
1252:2020
1122:and
1035:Ovid
969:هدهد
885:The
860:MHNT
761:and
748:and
696:and
607:bill
414:Six
320:its
316:and
306:Asia
281:The
226:1758
153:Aves
2979:TSA
2914:NBN
2748:CoL
2735:BTO
2722:BOW
2660:ADW
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2229:doi
2166:KMT
2135:doi
2090:PMC
2082:doi
2035:doi
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2004:doi
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