676:
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83:
100:
58:
130:
420:
68:
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2020:
518:
397:
1380:, many French words were incorporated into both standard Dutch and Urkish. Just as for standard Dutch, French words often changed form when incorporated into Urkish. The Urkish dialect has always been primarily a spoken language, and there are not many old texts written in the dialect. Only in recent years have people begun to write prose and poetry in the Urkish dialect. There are Urkers who have translated
1912:
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876:(labour), are not represented in Urk's town council and support for these parties in national and regional elections remains minimal. However, due to slowly growing support for the VVD, an Urk affiliate of the conservative/liberal party was founded in early 2011 and entered the 2014 local elections. However, the VVD only drew 2.7% of the vote, insufficient for a seat.
1461:(people from Urk). Strangers are usually born from a cabbage, or a stork brings them to their new parents, but Urkers come from a large stone which lies about 30 metres (98 feet) from the shores of their former island. Nowadays, the stone is usually called "Ommelebommelestien" (Ommel-Bommel Stone), but in former times it was called "Ommelmoerstien":
500:, and the products of the sea coming in through Urk harbor continue to be exported widely, although today Urk's fishing boats must travel greater distances to gather them than was required in most historical periods. Religious life has traditionally been very important to Urk's inhabitants, with active, conservative congregations of the Dutch
1486:
in his boat and row from Urk to
Schokland to get the key, and then from Schokland to the Ommelebommelestien to get the baby. Nowadays he would be able to go to Schokland by car, but according to the legend he still has to row. The door to the stone is somewhere below sea level, so it is difficult to
907:
and CDA (each between 25-35%). CDA in Urk usually got more votes in national elections than in local elections, while
ChristenUnie's support is sometimes twice locally compared to what it receives from Urk voters in national elections (this is sometimes attributed to the apparent left-wing leanings
1305:
of Dutch is the language spoken in Urk. Nearly everyone in the village speaks this dialect and uses it in daily life. The dialect deviates considerably from contemporary standard Dutch and has preserved many old characteristics that disappeared from standard Dutch a long time ago. The
923:
Freedom Party. Also, voting patterns these days tend to show bigger swings, as shown in 2010's and 2012's national elections in which CDA lost 11% and 13% respectively, and in 2011's regional elections, in which
ChristenUnie lost 18%. In 2012, orthodox-Christian
1448:
A famous Urkish folktale is the story parents tell their children when they want to know where the babies come from. The tale involves a large exposed rock which can be seen in the IJsselmeer about 30 metres (98 feet) from the shore. This stone is known as the
785:. Additionally, Urk is focused on making a connection between the existing economy and new activities such as tourism, social care, maritime industry and services. The local council is keen to particularly promote tourism, retail and fisheries.
1518:
lived on Urk for several years from 1932 onwards. He wrote several articles about Urk for one of the most progressive Dutch magazines, 'De Groene
Amsterdammer'. While living here, he fell in love with a fisherman, and was inspired to write
1477:
to pick up the key that gives access to the stone. So when an Urkish man is asked if he has been to
Schokland, he is actually being asked if he has children. In the older days, when both Urk and Schokland were still islands in the
1349:
Because living conditions in Urk in historical times were very poor, young girls (typically about age 11 or 12) would frequently leave the island to become domestic servants, mostly in or around
Amsterdam. They often served with
1601:
of the municipality of Urk is the highest in the
Netherlands as of 2016 (and highest in previous years). But like many other places in the Netherlands this number declined to 18.7% (down from 30.8% in 1988). In 1988 only
630:
formed, and the water round Urk suddenly became a tidal sea. Because there was no sea defense, over time large pieces of the island eroded. The southwest side of Urk, which rose perpendicularly out of the sea, was called
900:. Urk is also known for its high turnout at each election, which is usually considerably higher than the national average (although general turnout percentages have dropped approx. 10% since 2002).
746:. Many Urkers who previously left the town because of overcrowding before the polder reclamation was completed were able to return to Urk. From 1950 to 1986 Urk belonged to the province of
421:
1530:
spent some time on Urk from 1920. While residing on Urk, during 1922, he wrote 'Afzijdige
Strofen', a collection of twenty homo-erotic poems which were posthumously published in 2001.
1748:
1342:
The Urkish dialect has more vowel sounds than standard Dutch and each vowel has short and long forms. The pronunciation of vowels deviates from standard Dutch and is closer to
908:
of the
ChristenUnie nationally, while ChristenUnie in Urk tends to be more conservative). SGP's support locally is not much different from its support in national elections.
622:
with tributaries flowed into the south of Urk. As the climate became warmer during the Middle Ages, the sea level rose whilst the surrounding areas have been slowly steadily
1523:. This novel deals with the love between two fishermen living on Urk and was one of the first, if not the first novel in Dutch literature to openly deal with homosexuality.
1336:. Until the modern era, primary education for the children typically lasted only two years; afterwards children had to help maintain the family, and formal schooling ended.
1670:
928:
even registered an absolute majority with 51.2% of the vote. (In the
European Elections of 2014, the combined ChristenUnie/SGP list even registered 78% of the vote).
1630:, each approximately 30 kilometres (19 miles) away. This makes Urk one of the most isolated places in the Netherlands as far as railway connections are concerned.
1511:
was born here. Baantjer is mainly known for his large series of detective novels revolving around police inspector De Cock and his side-kick, sergeant Vledder.
239:
857:
A majority coalition of ChristenUnie, SGP and Hart voor Urk are currently in power. The town council is led by (non-elected) mayor Cees van den Bos.
1354:
families. After a few years, they would return to Urk to form families of their own. As a result of this practice, the Urkish dialect absorbed some
2075:
788:
In the past, many lives were lost in storms on the Zuiderzee and North Sea. There is a memorial to lost fishermen on Urk, popularly known as the
781:
The important economic pillar of the village remains fishery. After the IJsselmeer was formed, the Urkers moved their fishing operations to the
1807:
2080:
1963:
1499:. The mother was said to be kept in bed with a nail through her right foot. There she would celebrate that she had just become a mother.
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However, in recent years a few changes in voting patterns occurred, such as a growing support for national protest parties such as the
33:
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are local parties. Hart voor Urk was founded by former SGP councillor Jan Koffeman with largely identical party policies to SGP's.
2090:
675:
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1362:. For instance, the Yiddish "Shnur" for "sister-in-law" became the Urkish "Snoar" (identical meaning); the Hebrew "Kallah" (
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707:, which is called Urch"). Until 1475 the High and Low Lordship of Urk and Emmeloord (the most northern village of
903:
Voting patterns used to be relatively stable, with approximately 85-90% of the votes spread out evenly over SGP,
860:
None of these parties can be described as either left-wing (socialist) or liberal. National parties, such as the
357:
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and were never part of the standard language. For example, the old word for "father" in the Urkish dialect is
1179:
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Urk is first mentioned in historical records dating to the 10th century, when it was still an island in the
2039:
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1473:
to put babies in the stone. When the baby is about to be born, the baby's father is said to have to go to
884:
Urk is one of the most politically conservative areas in the Netherlands. As part of the so-called Dutch "
1949:
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57:
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since the end of the Ice Age. During the 13th century (and especially after a large storm in 1287) the
1366:) for "bride" became the Urkish "Kalletjen", meaning "girlfriend" (literally "little bride").
1828:
679:
Aerial photograph of the former island Urk, 1920–1940. Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie.
42:
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had a slightly higher birth rate at 31.3%, but the birth rate Urk remained the second highest. The
981:
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Linguistic classifications have assigned "the dialect of Urk" or "Urk" into an own dialect group.
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792:: a statue of a woman looking out to sea, vainly awaiting the return of her husband and sons.
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find. Once the door was found, a small price had to be paid for the baby: traditionally one
1916:
1607:
888:", a vast majority of election votes go to the three Christian parties in the Netherlands,
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8:
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through the media is widespread. However, the distinctive Urkish dialect is still alive.
1373:
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1040:
1033:
1014:
610:. To the south of that arc a lake formed as a result of meltwater, which became known as
474:
1843:
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were Lords of Urk and Emmeloord. From 1614 to 1660, Urk and Emmeloord were ruled by the
1044:
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in its early years had an alternative name "Urker Land," from which Urk's newspaper,
742:, Urk ceased to be an island, and Urk's town expanded into the reclaimed land of the
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donated sea defenses to Urk. The town contains the highest point in the province of
1431:
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1999:
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project was changing the salt water Zuiderzee surrounding Urk to the less saline
1639:
1508:
1428:(born 1947 in Wilsum) a former Dutch politician, Mayor of Urk from 1999 to 2005
1404:
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1311:
1307:
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1673:[Members of the board of mayor and aldermen] (in Dutch). Gemeente Urk
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The oldest instance of the name "Urk" is a donation certificate of 966 from
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1407:(1923 in Urk – 2010) a Dutch author of detective fiction and police officer
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Aerial photograph of the former island Urk, before its integration in the
655:
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1453:". Urkers often tell their children that there are two kinds of people--
1377:
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1808:"Measuring Dialect Pronunciation Differences using Levenshtein Distance"
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The municipal council currently (2022) contains five political parties:
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from the mainland to Urk ended the town's island status, just as the
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711:) was in the hands of the Van Kuinre family. From 1475 to 1614, the
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from Antwerp. From 1660 to 1792 Urk and Emmeloord belonged to the
1989:
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was unknown, and the poor population did not have much money for
1302:
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485:. Later in the 20th century, seabed areas surrounding Urk were
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denominations playing key roles in the life of the community.
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401:
Dutch topographic map of the municipality of Urk, June 2015
1936:
671:, 1920–1940. Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie.
496:
The mainstay of the town's formal economy has always been
1496:
861:
1618:
Urk has no railway station but the nearest stations are
1391:
Urk is no longer an island and exposure to the standard
469:
in the 13th century after a series of incursions by the
1465:
means "mother's" in the Urkish dialect. In the tale, a
1324:, Urk was an island and could be reached only by boat.
931:
Support for established left wing parties, such as the
697:
cuiisdam insulae medietatem in Almere, que Urch vocatur
1931:
1413:, (born 1998), professional darts player, lives in Urk
1871:. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2 October 2014.
1924:
1419:(born 1999 in Urk) a Dutch footballer who plays for
1310:
also includes elements that are older than standard
731:. From 1792 to 1950 Urk belonged to the province of
383:
962:
750:. Since 1986, Urk has belonged to the province of
614:. North of the boulder clay highland of Urk, the
2057:
1751:[Population growth; regions per month].
1971:
1695:[Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020].
1320:. The dialect developed this way because until
1315:
1105:(Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD)
1526:The Dutch writer, painter and resistance hero
618:river flowed into the Almere, while the river
465:, an inland sea that would become part of the
1957:
1434:(born 1951) a Dutch Christian minister in Urk
727:of Amsterdam, and ruled from 1660 to 1672 by
1066:Social-Christianity /Orthodox Protestantism
1806:Heeringa, Wilbert Jan (December 26, 2004).
546:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1964:
1950:
1567: Other Christian denomination (13.8%)
586:high areas of land which formed during an
1749:"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand"
1610:declined to 2.6 (down from 3.9 in 1988).
1358:from the Amsterdam dialect and also from
970:
965:
566:Learn how and when to remove this message
1869:"Kerkelijkheid en kerkbezoek, 2010/2013"
1805:
1663:
1102:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
985:(Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij, SGP)
973:
772:
703:: "of a certain island in the middle of
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395:
1384:books into Urkish, such as the book of
1301:One of the oldest and most distinctive
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2076:Former municipalities of North Holland
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1283:
1280:
1273:
1268:
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687:Otto I to the Sint Pantaleonsklooster
259:111.86 km (43.19 sq mi)
16:Municipality in Flevoland, Netherlands
1945:
1443:
413:
275:98.71 km (38.11 sq mi)
47:Current town and former island of Urk
1693:"Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020"
635:("the High Cliff"). Around 1700 the
544:adding citations to reliable sources
511:
267:13.15 km (5.08 sq mi)
2081:Former municipalities of Overijssel
1502:
1083:(Christen-Democratisch Appèl, CDA)
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1729:(in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis
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1671:"Samenstelling college B&W"
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1011:(Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV)
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1157:(Partij voor de Dieren, PvdD)
1:
2091:Populated places in Flevoland
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1482:, the father had to take the
1227:(Partij van de Arbeid, PvdA)
1037:(Forum voor Democratie, FvD)
1844:"Jef Last, Zuiderzee · dbnl"
1810:– via research.rug.nl.
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1183:(Socialistische Partij, SP)
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1507:The prolific Dutch writer
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1723:"Postcodetool for 8321GT"
1652:, Urk language researcher
1590:Death Rate: 3.24 per 1000
1587:Birth Rate: 20.3 per 1000
1363:
830:Gemeentebelangen: 2 seats
582:is enclosed by an arc of
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1541:Religions in Urk (2013)
1509:Albert Cornelis Baantjer
982:Reformed Political Party
958:election results (Urk)
956:House of Representatives
864:(conservative/liberal),
800:
454:province in the central
1469:comes all the way from
1316:
1109:Conservative liberalism
578:Towards the north, the
149:Show map of Netherlands
1937:Local lifeboat station
1823:Cite journal requires
827:Hart voor Urk: 3 seats
778:
680:
672:
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403:
1593:NGR: +1.90% per year.
1154:Party for the Animals
1127:(Democraten 66, D66)
776:
678:
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658:
399:
337: • Summer (
119:Show map of Flevoland
87:Location in Flevoland
1919:at Wikimedia Commons
1793:"Tweede Kamer, 2017"
1779:"Tweede Kamer, 2021"
1608:total fertility rate
839:Krachtig Urk: 1 seat
540:improve this section
411:Dutch pronunciation:
301: • Density
283:0 m (0 ft)
1087:Christian Democracy
1063:(ChristenUnie, CU)
1041:Right-wing populism
1034:Forum for Democracy
1015:Right-wing populism
959:
939:, remains minimal.
590:glaciations of the
174: /
1972:Municipalities of
1451:Ommelebommelestien
1444:Ommelebommelestien
993:Reformed Christian
971:2017 Votes %
967:Political Ideology
945:
872:(green party) and
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695:. The text reads:
685:Holy Roman Emperor
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293: • Total
272: • Water
256: • Total
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1915:Media related to
1288:
1287:
1205:(GroenLinks, GL)
1131:Social liberalism
1008:Party for Freedom
974:2021 Vote %
765:, gets its name.
729:Andries de Graeff
659:Urk Island (1852)
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223: • Body
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1297:Urkers dialect
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183:52.667; 5.600
159:Coordinates:
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1852:. Retrieved
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1816:cite journal
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1761:. Retrieved
1755:(in Dutch).
1753:CBS Statline
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1707:19 September
1705:. Retrieved
1699:(in Dutch).
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1534:Demographics
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1484:obstetrician
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1224:Labour Party
1124:Democrats 66
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538:Please help
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72:Coat of arms
34:Municipality
2035:Netherlands
1733:3 September
1677:1 September
1583:Year 2018:
1378:Netherlands
868:(liberal),
790:Urker vrouw
713:Zoudenbalch
608:Gaasterland
592:Pleistocene
479:Afsluitdijk
456:Netherlands
200:Netherlands
181: /
2060:Categories
1893:2020-11-24
1889:(in Dutch)
1854:2020-11-24
1850:(in Dutch)
1657:References
1614:Rail Links
1599:birth rate
1575:Irreligion
1330:newspapers
1135:Radicalism
1045:Anti-Islam
1019:Anti-Islam
886:Bible belt
870:GroenLinks
748:Overijssel
715:family of
602:, Urk, de
580:IJsselmeer
483:IJsselmeer
288:Population
218:Government
2040:Provinces
1974:Flevoland
1763:2 January
1521:Zuiderzee
1480:Zuiderzee
1475:Schokland
1439:Folktales
1356:loanwords
1202:GreenLeft
1187:Socialism
824:: 3 seats
818:: 3 seats
812:: 6 seats
783:North Sea
752:Flevoland
709:Schokland
689:monastery
645:Flevoland
641:Amsterdam
628:Zuiderzee
600:Wieringen
527:does not
508:Geography
487:reclaimed
471:North Sea
467:Zuiderzee
452:Flevoland
436:Low Saxon
370:Area code
363:8320–8324
320:Time zone
280:Elevation
212:Flevoland
2031:See also
2010:Zeewolde
1995:Lelystad
1697:StatLine
1634:See also
1628:Lelystad
1604:Zeewolde
1516:Jef Last
1455:vreemden
1374:occupied
1371:Napoleon
1303:dialects
1248:–
963:Parties
880:National
836:: 1 seat
796:Politics
502:Reformed
358:Postcode
207:Province
1990:Dronten
1624:Dronten
1551:(82.2%)
1514:Writer
1417:Jan Ras
1360:Yiddish
1344:English
1291:Dialect
1284:91.33%
1281:81.57%
1275:Turnout
935:or the
769:Economy
717:Utrecht
693:Cologne
651:History
594:epoch:
588:ice age
548:removed
533:sources
498:fishing
450:in the
379:Website
310:Demonym
195:Country
166:52°40′N
1985:Almere
1842:DBNL.
1645:Marken
1620:Kampen
1577:(2.3%)
1573:
1571:
1565:
1561:(1.7%)
1557:
1555:
1547:
1545:
1491:for a
1459:Urkers
1386:Psalms
1352:Jewish
1245:Other
1091:14.2%
1069:11.6%
1026:13.8%
1023:11.0%
1000:54.4%
997:56.1%
954:Dutch
744:polder
738:After
705:Almere
620:IJssel
612:Almere
606:, and
604:Voorst
463:Almere
446:and a
440:Ürrek)
428:Urkers
296:21,227
169:5°36′E
1471:Egypt
1467:stork
1393:Dutch
1382:Bible
1369:When
1334:books
1326:Radio
1317:taote
1312:Dutch
1269:100%
1266:100%
1260:Total
1254:3.8%
1251:3.4%
1238:0.2%
1235:0.2%
1216:0.2%
1213:0.2%
1194:0.2%
1191:0.7%
1172:0.3%
1169:0.2%
1146:0.5%
1143:0.5%
1116:1.7%
1113:1.8%
1094:7.8%
1072:8.1%
1052:9.0%
801:Local
701:Latin
616:Vecht
596:Texel
442:is a
432:Urrek
346:UTC+2
325:UTC+1
314:Urker
235:Mayor
26:Urrek
1848:DBNL
1829:help
1765:2022
1735:2013
1709:2020
1679:2013
1626:and
1597:The
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1463:moer
1376:the
1332:and
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950:and
948:2017
896:and
874:PvdA
850:and
757:The
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529:cite
475:dike
448:town
386:.urk
374:0527
350:CEST
251:Area
62:Flag
2066:Urk
2005:Urk
1917:Urk
1757:CBS
1701:CBS
1497:boy
1364:כלה
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921:PVV
915:or
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810:SGP
691:in
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426:) (
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339:DST
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