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In 1975, Ramakrishnan married Vera
Rosenberry, an author and illustrator of children's books. He has a step-daughter, Tanya Kapka, a physician specializing in public health and health-care delivery to under-served communities; and a son, Raman Ramakrishnan, a cellist specializing in chamber music and
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Ramakrishnan argued that a no-deal Brexit would harm science. Ramakrishnan wrote, "A deal on science is in the best interests of Europe as a whole and should not be sacrificed as collateral damage over disagreements on other issues. If we are going to successfully tackle global problems like climate
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and the mRNA binding site were identified and the likely modes of action of many clinically important antibiotics determined. His most recent work goes to the heart of the decoding mechanism showing the 30S subunit complexed with poly-U mRNA and the
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Ramakrishnan, V.; Wimberly, Brian T.; Brodersen, Ditlev E.; Clemons, William M.; Morgan-Warren, Robert J.; Carter, Andrew P.; Vonrhein, Clemens; Hartsch, Thomas (2000). "Structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit".
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change, human disease and food security, we can't do so in isolation. There is no scenario where trashing our relationships with our closest scientific collaborators in the EU gets us closer to these goals."
812:
The
President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting Padma Vibhushan Award to Dr. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, at the Civil Investiture Ceremony-I, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 31, 2010
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Cerf, Corinne; Lippens, Guy; Muyldermans, Serge; Segers, Alain; Ramakrishnan, V.; Wodak, Shoshana J.; Hallenga, Klaas; Wyns, Lode (1993). "Homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR".
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of individual components and their RNA complexes. Fundamental insights came from his crystallographic studies of the complete 30S subunit. The atomic model included over 1500 bases of
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Ramakrishnan, V.; Finch, J. T.; Graziano, V.; Lee, P. L.; Sweet, R. M. (1993). "Crystal structure of globular domain of histone H5 and its implications for nucleosome binding".
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Ramakrishnan, C. V.; Banerjee, B. N. (1951). "Mould Lipase: Effect of
Addition of Vitamins and Sterol to the Cake Medium on the Growth and the Activity of the Lipolytic Mould".
1923:
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Amunts, Alexey; Brown, Alan; Bai, Xiao-Chen; Llácer, Jose L.; Hussain, Tanweer; Emsley, Paul; Long, Fei; Murshudov, Garib; Scheres, Sjors H. W. (28 March 2014).
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at the age of three, where he had his entire schooling at the
Convent of Jesus and Mary, except for a year and a half (1960–61) which he and his family spent in
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Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman; Tanaka, Tomoyasu (1977). "Green's-function theory of the ferroelectric phase transition in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)".
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1004:, thus providing an atomic description of both codon:anti-codon recognition and "wobble". He has also made substantial contributions to understanding how
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subunit. The following year, his laboratory determined the complete molecular structure of the 30S subunit of the ribosome and its complexes with several
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Fernández, Israel S.; Bai, Xiao-Chen; Hussain, Tanweer; Kelley, Ann C.; Lorsch, Jon R.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Scheres, Sjors H. W. (15 November 2013).
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was hurting
Britain's reputation as a good place to work in science, commenting "It's very hard for the science community to see any advantages in
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and, in his final year, the COVID-19 pandemic and its response. In an interview in July 2018, he said that
Britain's decision to leave the
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Brodersen, Ditlev E.; Clemons, William M.; Carter, Andrew P.; Morgan-Warren, Robert J.; Wimberly, Brian T.; Ramakrishnan, V. (2000).
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Ramakrishnan, V.; Carter, Andrew P.; Clemons, William M.; Brodersen, Ditlev E.; Morgan-Warren, Robert J.; Wimberly, Brian T. (2000).
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2424:"The Structural Basis for the Action of the Antibiotics Tetracycline, Pactamycin, and Hygromycin B on the 30S Ribosomal Subunit"
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666:, he initially could not find a faculty position even though he had applied to about 50 universities in the United States.
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776:. They are pretty blunt about that." He saw advantages to both the UK and the EU for Britain to continue to be engaged in
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Immediately after graduation he moved to the US, where he obtained his Doctor of
Philosophy degree in physics from
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to work primarily on eukaryotic and mitochondrial translation. Ramakrishnan is also known for his past work on
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as a professor of biochemistry, and in 1999, he moved to his current position at the
Medical Research Council
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634:(KDP) supervised by Tomoyasu Tanaka. Then he spent two years studying biology as a graduate student at the
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The Green
Function Theory of the Ferroelectric Phase Transition in Potassium Dihydrogen-Phosphate
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Comparative
Effects of Successive and Simultaneous Presentation on Transfer in Verbal Learning
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Ramakrishnan is internationally recognised for determination of the atomic structure of the
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Ogle, J. M. (2001). "Recognition of Cognate Transfer RNA by the 30S Ribosomal Subunit".
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1114:"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – Biography: From Chidambaram to Cambridge: A Life in Science"
573:, who is professor of immunology and infectious diseases at the department of medicine,
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2473:"Selection of tRNA by the Ribosome Requires a Transition from an Open to a Closed Form"
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ribosomal subunit. Earlier he mapped the arrangement of proteins in the 30S subunit by
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were both scientists, and his father was head of the department of biochemistry at the
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Ramakrishnan's term as president of the Royal Society from 2015-2020 was dominated by
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1777:"Lalita Ramakrishnan Home page in Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge"
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Selmer, M. (2006). "Structure of the 70S Ribosome Complexed with mRNA and tRNA".
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931:, but does not generally use the title "Sir". That same year, he was awarded the
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2873:"Why we die—and how we can live longer, with Nobel laureate Venki Ramakrishnan"
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Ogle, James M.; Murphy, Frank V.; Tarry, Michael J.; Ramakrishnan, V. (2002).
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Rodnina, Marina V.; Wintermeyer, Wolfgang (2010). "The ribosome goes Nobel".
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in 1959, completing it in only 18 months, and was mentored, among others, by
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He continued to work on ribosomes from 1983 to 1995 as a staff scientist at
546:. At the time of his birth, Ramakrishnan's father was away from India doing
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1972:"Molecular architecture of a eukaryotic translational initiation complex"
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Ramakrishnan was included as one of 25 Greatest Global Living Indians by
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1924:"Nobel laureate Venkat Ramakrishnan failed IIT, medical entrance tests"
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The Green function theory of the ferroelectric phase transition in KDP
1791:"Lalita Ramakrishnan elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences"
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Why We Die: And How We Live: The New Science of Ageing and Longevity
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in the US. Ramakrishnan's mother obtained a PhD in psychology from
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2801:"The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2020"
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and 20 associated proteins. The RNA interactions representing the
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A no-deal Brexit would be a disaster for the UK science community
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Structural insights into noncanonical mechanisms of translation
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while making a transition from theoretical physics to biology.
600:, he did his undergraduate studies in the same university on a
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Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering
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Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome
2775:"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: Certificate of Election EC/2003/31"
2746:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
2029:"Structure of the yeast mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit"
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Gene machine. The race to decipher the secrets of the ribosome
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Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome
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Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
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2522:"'Voice of British science fights for future of UK research'"
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In 2017, Ramakrishnan received the Golden Plate Award of the
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1870:"Factbox: Nobel chemistry prize – Who are the winners?"
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2815:"Venki Ramakrishnan appointed to the British Library Board"
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In 2008, Ramakrishnan won the Heatley Medal of the British
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1627:"Structural biologist named president of UK Royal Society"
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
2582:. European Molecular Biology Organization. Archived from
1969:
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961:
858:. He received India's second highest civilian honor, the
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His certificate of election to the Royal Society reads:
804:
Ramakrishnan at the Nobel Prize Press conference in 2009
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Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
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Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
2375:"Ribosome Structure and the Mechanism of Translation"
1415:
Official Nobel Foundation website telephone interview
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1701:
1494:"Biologist Venki Ramakrishnan to lead Royal Society"
1328:
6870:
1942:"Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D. Biography and Interview"
1008:is organised, particularly the structure of linker
841:
Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS)
695:In 1999, Ramakrishnan's laboratory published a 5.5
495:Since 1999, he has worked as a group leader at the
1354:
1304:
1187:
1144:
883:Honorary Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
759:
5034:
2777:. London: The Royal Society. 2003. Archived from
1663:"Common root: Tamil Nadu gets its third laureate"
569:Ramakrishnan has one sibling, his younger sister
538:His parents, Prof. C. V. Ramakrishnan and Prof.
27:British-American structural biologist (born 1952)
7445:
1324:
1322:
2933:including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2009
1432:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
734:As of 2019 his most cited papers (according to
7534:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni
7489:Brookhaven National Laboratory Nobel laureates
4430:
1695:
935:by the FEBS. In 2014, he was awarded the XLVI
596:, Australia. Following his pre-science at the
488:for research on the structure and function of
7639:Members of the American Philosophical Society
6856:
5020:
4694:
4416:
3016:
2519:
2085:
1319:
1000:free to accommodate certain non-Watson/Crick
2893:
2372:
1811:
1752:
1589:
1223:
1221:
1583:
1284:
1282:
518:
72:1 December 2015 – 30 November 2020
7569:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
6863:
6849:
5027:
5013:
4701:
4687:
4423:
4409:
3023:
3009:
2928:
1576:
1275:(Supplement). 31 December 2011. p. 1.
1261:
1259:
1183:
1181:
939:by the Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spain).
888:He has received honorary degrees from the
301:Member of the National Academy of Sciences
42:
7624:Naturalized citizens of the United States
2538:
2488:
2439:
2390:
2068:
2003:
1638:
1462:
1452:
1398:. University of Cambridge. Archived from
1329:His Majesty The King (11 November 2022).
1218:
822:Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2003
816:Ramakrishnan was elected a Member of the
4531:(Hong Kong/United Kingdom/United States)
2935:Unraveling the Structure of the Ribosome
2838:
2315:
2264:
1805:
1413:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Audio Interview
1390:
1388:
1386:
1331:"New Appointments to the Order of Merit"
1316:, jeantet.ch. Accessed 30 December 2022.
1279:
1265:
1108:
1106:
1055:
807:
799:
7609:American people of Indian Tamil descent
2967:Professional and academic associations
2669:. German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
2603:. London: Royal Society. Archived from
2211:
2154:
2100:
1862:
1527:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
1502:. London. 18 March 2015. Archived from
1256:
1178:
1159: ed.). A & C Black.
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
890:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
818:European Molecular Biology Organization
598:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
544:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
333:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
14:
7484:British people of Indian Tamil descent
7446:
2832:
2270:
1896:"Profile: Dr Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"
1746:
1624:
1136:
831:In 2007, Ramakrishnan was awarded the
641:
256:Structure and function of the ribosome
7619:Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford
7519:Indian emigrants to the United States
7509:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
6844:
5008:
4682:
4404:
3004:
2767:
2464:
2415:
2366:
1844:"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: a profile"
1516:
1427:"Profile of Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"
1383:
879:German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
795:
588:(previously also known as Baroda) in
7594:American academics of Indian descent
7494:Brookhaven National Laboratory staff
2728:"Honorary & Supernumary Fellows"
2641:"This Year's Padma Awards announced"
2569:
2321:
1510:
1424:
1142:
1083:
953:Channel, India on 14 December 2013.
6825:
2883:from the original on 26 April 2024.
2593:
1888:
1836:
1486:
1165:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U45543
904:. He is also an Honorary Fellow of
636:University of California, San Diego
602:National Science Talent Scholarship
339:University of California, San Diego
24:
7629:People who lost Indian citizenship
2619:"All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry"
2520:Clive Cookson (20 November 2020).
1812:Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman (1976).
1753:Ramakrishnan, Rajalakshmi (1959).
719:ligands. Since 2013, he has used
472:(born 1952) is a British-American
25:
7655:
2918:
1757:(PhD thesis). McGill University.
523:Ramakrishnan was born in 1952 in
6824:
6815:
6814:
6804:
5853:Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
3253:
2951:
2939:
1554:
1478:
1314:Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
1290:"2009 Chemistry Nobel Laureates"
1038:
833:Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
295:Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
7504:Presidents of the Royal Society
2887:
2865:
2807:
2793:
2754:American Academy of Achievement
2738:
2720:
2703:"Emeritus and Honorary Fellows"
2695:
2681:
2659:
2633:
2611:
2551:
2532:
2513:
2020:
1963:
1950:American Academy of Achievement
1934:
1816:(PhD thesis). Ohio University.
1783:
1769:
1683:American Academy of Achievement
1673:
1655:
1618:
1562:
1418:
1406:
1146:"Ramakrishnan, Sir Venkatraman"
1020:In 2020, he was elected to the
944:American Academy of Achievement
875:Indian National Science Academy
760:Presidency of the Royal Society
682:Laboratory of Molecular Biology
613:The Feynman Lectures on Physics
556:University of Wisconsin–Madison
501:Laboratory of Molecular Biology
422:Laboratory of Molecular Biology
164:
7634:People from Cuddalore district
4574:(United Kingdom/United States)
4452:(United States/United Kingdom)
1357:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
1022:American Philosophical Society
877:. He has been a member of the
671:Brookhaven National Laboratory
632:potassium dihydrogen phosphate
623:in 1976 for research into the
513:President of the Royal Society
447:Brookhaven National Laboratory
261:macromolecular crystallography
60:President of the Royal Society
13:
1:
7544:Members of the Order of Merit
7514:American emigrants to England
5858:Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey
2490:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01086-3
2441:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00216-6
2392:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00619-0
1076:
1024:and became a board member of
846:Ramakrishnan was awarded the
721:Cryogenic electron microscopy
432:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
7574:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
7559:Fellows of the Royal Society
5758:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
2894:Ramakrishnan, Venki (2024).
2839:Amit Roy (17 October 2009).
2601:"Sir Venki Ramakrishnan FRS"
2566:. Accessed 30 December 2022.
1590:Ramakrishnan, Venki (2018).
1172:UK public library membership
1033:Member of the Order of Merit
873:and a foreign Fellow of the
826:National Academy of Sciences
699:resolution structure of the
579:National Academy of Sciences
7:
6670:Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta
6376:Kottayan Katankot Venugopal
6361:Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi
5778:Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir
5630:Chandrika Prasad Srivastava
5470:P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam
5294:Balwant Moreshwar Purandare
2732:The Queen's College, Oxford
2577:"The EMBO Pocket Directory"
1681:"Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D."
1517:James, Nathan Rhys (2017).
1120:. Stockholm. Archived from
914:The Queen's College, Oxford
837:Datta Lectureship and Medal
824:, and a Member of the U.S.
646:Ramakrishnan began work on
505:Cambridge Biomedical Campus
117:1952 (age 71–72)
10:
7660:
7599:Scientists from Tamil Nadu
7589:University of Utah faculty
6747:Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan
6610:Pandurang Shastri Athavale
6454:Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
6424:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
5914:Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti
5899:A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar
5783:Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri
5773:Kotha Satchidananda Murthy
5560:Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao
5525:Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan
5520:Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda
2877:University of Chicago News
2707:Somerville College, Oxford
2667:"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"
2539:Ian Tucke (15 July 2018).
1396:"Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"
1369:10.1016/j.tibs.2009.11.003
910:Somerville College, Oxford
906:Trinity College, Cambridge
885:(Hon FMedSci) since 2010.
871:Trinity College, Cambridge
676:In 1995, he moved to the
509:Trinity College, Cambridge
7390:
7276:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
7260:Charles Scott Sherrington
7211:
7072:
6981:
6882:
6800:
6724:
6693:
6597:
6474:Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
6399:
6003:
5957:
5876:
5828:Hormasji Maneckji Seervai
5658:
5450:Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi
5377:
5159:Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer
5046:
4955:
4724:
4606:
4581:
4562:(United States/Australia)
4550:
4519:
4495:
4471:
4440:
4059:
3760:
3501:
3262:
3251:
3042:
2989:
2979:
2971:
2966:
2373:Ramakrishnan, V. (2002).
1793:. University of Cambridge
1640:10.1038/nature.2015.17153
869:, and became a Fellow of
786:European Medicines Agency
738:) have been published in
463:
459:
455:
414:
393:
388:
380:
365:
353:
325:
320:
316:
269:
248:
244:
218:
210:
199:
182:
174:
151:
134:
109:
104:
100:
88:
76:
65:
57:
53:
41:
34:
7469:American Nobel laureates
7316:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
6772:Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi
6625:Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
6589:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
6514:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
6186:Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher
5575:Khusro Faramurz Rustamji
5344:Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman
4861:Richard John Nelmes
4177:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
3456:Wendell Meredith Stanley
3036:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
2958:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
2946:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
2645:Ministry of Home Affairs
2094:publications indexed by
1292:. Nobel Foundation. 2009
1031:Ramakrishnan was made a
996:recognition leaves the "
848:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
664:post-doctoral fellowship
540:Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan
519:Education and early life
507:, UK and is a Fellow of
497:Medical Research Council
478:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
470:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
289:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
190:Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan
114:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
7479:British Nobel laureates
7137:Benjamin Collins Brodie
7113:Marquess of Northampton
5929:Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar
5264:Benode Behari Mukherjee
2846:The Telegraph (Kolkata)
2344:10.1126/science.1060612
2293:10.1126/science.1131127
2053:10.1126/science.1249410
1988:10.1126/science.1240585
1454:10.1073/pnas.1113044108
1425:Nair, Prashant (2011).
1212:10.1103/physrevb.16.422
1157:Oxford University Press
902:University of Cambridge
788:, are not EU agencies.
607:Berkeley Physics Course
575:University of Cambridge
427:University of Cambridge
7604:Indian Nobel laureates
7579:Ohio University alumni
7464:American biophysicists
7081:William Hyde Wollaston
6429:Rajagopala Chidambaram
6276:Naryana Raghvan Pillai
6206:Hirendranath Mukherjee
6191:Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai
6071:Chandra Kisan Daphtary
6016:Montek Singh Ahluwalia
5939:Brihaspati Dev Triguna
5723:Lakshman Shastri Joshi
5713:John Kenneth Galbraith
5688:Suniti Kumar Chatterji
5555:C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao
5400:Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri
5299:Akkineni Nageswara Rao
5089:S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
4910:Richard H. Sibson
4904:John Donald Scott
4753:John Milton Brown
4612:Nobel Prize recipients
4552:Physiology or Medicine
4537:(Canada/United States)
4341:Emmanuelle Charpentier
4329:M. Stanley Whittingham
3300:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
2981:62nd President of the
2956:Quotations related to
1669:. TNN. 8 October 2009.
1018:
813:
805:
584:Ramakrishnan moved to
577:, and a member of the
7564:Longevity researchers
7499:British biophysicists
7185:George Gabriel Stokes
6762:N. R. Narayana Murthy
6584:Narinder Singh Kapany
6544:Udupi Ramachandra Rao
6381:Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
6301:Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
6261:Hari Vinayak Pataskar
6086:Anthony Lancelot Dias
6056:Mirza Hameedullah Beg
5934:Prakash Narain Tandon
5545:Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
5435:Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim
5385:Bimala Prasad Chaliha
4897:John Gair Robson
3711:Christian B. Anfinsen
3351:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1056:Selected publications
958:
925:2012 New Year Honours
811:
803:
690:Guggenheim Fellowship
548:postdoctoral research
476:. He shared the 2009
7459:American biochemists
7169:William Spottiswoode
7161:Joseph Dalton Hooker
7014:Earl of Macclesfield
6742:Ashok Sekhar Ganguly
6665:Mary Clubwala Jadhav
6494:Rajendra K. Pachauri
6464:Daulat Singh Kothari
6449:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
6371:M. N. Venkatachaliah
6366:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
6196:Jivraj Narayan Mehta
6106:P. B. Gajendragadkar
6036:Madhav Shrihari Aney
5868:Bashir Hussain Zaidi
5693:D. P. Chattopadhyaya
5668:V. S. R. Arunachalam
5640:Arun Shridhar Vaidya
5580:Harish Chandra Sarin
5515:A. Ramasamy Mudaliar
5455:Ajudhiya Nath Khosla
5425:Jyotindra Nath Dixit
5269:Hrishikesh Mukherjee
5249:Kelucharan Mohapatra
5194:Yamini Krishnamurthy
5124:Adoor Gopalakrishnan
5104:Hariprasad Chaurasia
5079:M. Balamuralikrishna
4841:Jonathan D. G. Jones
4737:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
4597:Oliver E. Williamson
4373:Karl Barry Sharpless
3870:Dudley R. Herschbach
3695:Luis Federico Leloir
2948:at Wikimedia Commons
2607:on 6 September 2015.
1596:. London: Oneworld.
1014:higher order folding
933:Sir Hans Krebs Medal
850:in 2009, along with
784:, which, unlike the
709:protein biosynthesis
474:structural biologist
48:Ramakrishnan in 2015
7474:British biochemists
7284:William Henry Bragg
7177:Thomas Henry Huxley
7153:George Biddell Airy
6737:Ghanshyam Das Birla
6391:Mulayam Singh Yadav
6291:Ravi Narayana Reddy
6251:Nanabhoy Palkhivala
6201:V. K. Krishna Menon
6151:Murli Manohar Joshi
6116:IsmaĂŻl Omar Guelleh
6096:Kazi Lhendup Dorjee
6091:Uma Shankar Dikshit
6041:Parkash Singh Badal
5909:Autar Singh Paintal
5733:Dhondo Keshav Karve
5678:Satyendra Nath Bose
5650:Narinder Nath Vohra
5620:Lallan Prasad Singh
5304:Kaloji Narayana Rao
5254:Raghunath Mohapatra
5189:Ghulam Mustafa Khan
4891:Elizabeth Robertson
4835:Malcolm Irving
4799:Roger Fletcher
4560:Elizabeth Blackburn
4365:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
4277:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
4014:Jens Christian Skou
3982:F. Sherwood Rowland
3894:Charles J. Pedersen
3858:Herbert A. Hauptman
3551:Vincent du Vigneaud
3168:Richard Willstätter
3052:Jacobus van 't Hoff
2819:The British Library
2750:www.achievement.org
2526:The Financial Times
2336:2001Sci...292..897O
2285:2006Sci...313.1935S
2279:(5795): 1935–1942.
2234:1993Natur.362..219R
2181:2000Natur.407..340C
2124:2000Natur.407..327W
2045:2014Sci...343.1485A
2039:(6178): 1485–1489.
1946:www.achievement.org
1716:1951Natur.168..917R
1625:Peplow, M. (2015).
1568:Venki Ramakrishnan
1506:on 10 October 2015.
1445:2011PNAS..10815676N
1439:(38): 15676–15678.
1242:10.1021/bi00093a011
1236:(42): 11345–11351.
1204:1977PhRvB..16..422R
1026:The British Library
966:neutron diffraction
867:Biochemical Society
652:postdoctoral fellow
642:Career and research
571:Lalita Ramakrishnan
515:from 2015 to 2020.
394:School or tradition
321:Academic background
238:/venki-ramakrishnan
204:Lalita Ramakrishnan
7423:Venki Ramakrishnan
7372:Sir Michael Atiyah
7340:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
7292:Henry Hallett Dale
6891:Viscount Brouncker
6757:Anil Manibhai Naik
6725:Trade and industry
6499:Benjamin Peary Pal
6459:Har Gobind Khorana
6296:Y. Venugopal Reddy
6136:Lakshmi Chand Jain
6126:V. R. Krishna Iyer
5965:Sunderlal Bahuguna
5884:Jasbir Singh Bajaj
5763:Sitakant Mahapatra
5535:Bhairab Dutt Pande
5475:Pratap Chandra Lal
5349:M. S. Subbulakshmi
5229:Mallikarjun Mansur
4976:Klaus von Klitzing
4970:Fotis Kafatos
4926:Adrian Sutton
4886:Venki Ramakrishnan
4824:Peter Holland
4450:Venki Ramakrishnan
4325:John B. Goodenough
4253:William E. Moerner
4133:Richard R. Schrock
4105:Roderick MacKinnon
4077:K. Barry Sharpless
3902:Johann Deisenhofer
3731:Geoffrey Wilkinson
3727:Ernst Otto Fischer
3651:Robert S. Mulliken
3587:Jaroslav HeyrovskĂ˝
3535:Hermann Staudinger
3355:Irène Joliot-Curie
2927:on Nobelprize.org
2925:Venki Ramakrishnan
2853:on 22 October 2009
2689:"Honorary Fellows"
2621:. Nobel Foundation
2092:Venki Ramakrishnan
1928:The Times of India
1549:uk.bl.ethos.725540
1533:10.17863/CAM.13713
1272:The London Gazette
1012:and their role in
937:JimĂ©nez-DĂaz Prize
894:University of Utah
814:
806:
796:Awards and honours
678:University of Utah
529:Cuddalore district
442:University of Utah
36:Venki Ramakrishnan
7441:
7440:
7268:Ernest Rutherford
6899:Joseph Williamson
6838:
6837:
6701:Viswanathan Anand
6660:Veerendra Heggade
6640:Nirmala Deshpande
6630:Durgabai Deshmukh
6615:Janaki Devi Bajaj
6579:M. S. Swaminathan
6031:Adarsh Sein Anand
5985:Vishwesha Teertha
5949:Dilip Mahalanabis
5843:Govindbhai Shroff
5838:Kalu Lal Shrimali
5743:Radheshyam Khemka
5625:Balaram Sivaraman
5495:Mohan Sinha Mehta
5354:K. G. Subramanyan
5289:K. Shankar Pillai
5244:Chhannulal Mishra
5002:
5001:
4994:Valentine Telegdi
4982:Donald Knuth
4947:Peter N. T. Wells
4920:Geoffrey L. Smith
4866:Stephen O'Rahilly
4856:Stephen Mann
4794:Jeffery Errington
4774:Anthony Dickinson
4676:
4675:
4583:Economic Sciences
4488:(Germany/Romania)
4398:
4397:
4381:Moungi G. Bawendi
4301:Richard Henderson
4145:Roger D. Kornberg
4113:Aaron Ciechanover
3946:Rudolph A. Marcus
3850:Robert Merrifield
3786:Peter D. Mitchell
3559:Cyril Hinshelwood
3320:Friedrich Bergius
3244:Richard Zsigmondy
3160:Theodore Richards
3108:Ernest Rutherford
2999:
2998:
2990:Succeeded by
2944:Media related to
2907:978-93-5302-324-9
2900:. HarperCollins.
2647:. 25 January 2010
2643:(Press release).
2589:on 16 March 2015.
2330:(5518): 897–902.
2228:(6417): 219–223.
2175:(6802): 340–348.
2118:(6802): 327–339.
1982:(6160): 1240585.
1930:. 5 January 2010.
1710:(4282): 917–918.
1402:on 19 April 2015.
1191:Physical Review B
1170:(Subscription or
929:molecular biology
919:Ramakrishnan was
560:McGill University
467:
466:
16:(Redirected from
7651:
7614:Tamil scientists
7524:Knights Bachelor
7434:
7426:
7418:
7410:
7402:
7383:
7375:
7367:
7359:
7351:
7343:
7335:
7332:Patrick Blackett
7327:
7319:
7311:
7303:
7295:
7287:
7279:
7271:
7263:
7255:
7247:
7239:
7236:Archibald Geikie
7231:
7223:
7204:
7196:
7188:
7180:
7172:
7164:
7156:
7148:
7140:
7132:
7124:
7116:
7108:
7100:
7092:
7084:
7065:
7057:
7049:
7041:
7033:
7025:
7017:
7009:
7001:
6993:
6974:
6966:
6958:
6955:Robert Southwell
6950:
6947:Earl of Pembroke
6942:
6934:
6926:
6918:
6910:
6907:Christopher Wren
6902:
6894:
6865:
6858:
6851:
6842:
6841:
6828:
6827:
6818:
6817:
6808:
6782:Prathap C. Reddy
6732:Dhirubhai Ambani
6716:Sachin Tendulkar
6655:Valerian Gracias
6574:George Sudarshan
6569:M. R. Srinivasan
6554:Man Mohan Sharma
6519:K. R. Ramanathan
6484:Roddam Narasimha
6479:G. Madhavan Nair
6266:Sunder Lal Patwa
6241:Fali Sam Nariman
6231:Gulzarilal Nanda
6216:Pranab Mukherjee
6161:Mehdi Nawaz Jung
6156:Anerood Jugnauth
6101:George Fernandes
6051:Milon K. Banerji
5970:B. K. S. Iyengar
5738:Gopinath Kaviraj
5718:Sarvepalli Gopal
5673:Jagdish Bhagwati
5585:Binay Ranjan Sen
5530:Braj Kumar Nehru
5490:Om Prakash Mehra
5465:V. Krishnamurthy
5440:H. V. R. Iyengar
5395:T. N. Chaturvedi
5364:Homai Vyarawalla
5359:Kapila Vatsyayan
5339:Shivkumar Sharma
5084:T. Balasaraswati
5069:Amitabh Bachchan
5029:
5022:
5015:
5006:
5005:
4846:Michael L. Klein
4829:James Hough
4759:Mark Wayne Chase
4747:William Bonfield
4703:
4696:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4614:
4566:Carol W. Greider
4456:Thomas A. Steitz
4425:
4418:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4391:
4389:Alexei I. Ekimov
4375:
4369:Morten P. Meldal
4359:
4347:
4335:
4319:
4303:
4293:Jacques Dubochet
4287:
4271:
4255:
4239:
4223:
4217:Robert Lefkowitz
4211:
4203:
4187:
4181:Thomas A. Steitz
4171:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4129:Robert H. Grubbs
4123:
4107:
4095:
4079:
4052:
4050:Hideki Shirakawa
4036:
4028:
4016:
4000:
3984:
3968:
3960:
3948:
3940:
3938:Richard R. Ernst
3932:
3924:
3912:
3896:
3880:
3864:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3816:
3814:Frederick Sanger
3800:
3794:Herbert C. Brown
3788:
3780:
3772:
3770:William Lipscomb
3753:
3741:
3733:
3721:
3705:
3703:Gerhard Herzberg
3697:
3689:
3677:
3669:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3617:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3579:Frederick Sanger
3573:
3565:
3563:Nikolay Semyonov
3553:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3517:
3515:Glenn T. Seaborg
3494:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3442:
3440:Artturi Virtanen
3434:
3426:
3424:George de Hevesy
3418:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3385:
3377:
3365:
3357:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3330:
3322:
3310:
3302:
3290:
3282:
3280:Heinrich Wieland
3274:
3272:Theodor Svedberg
3257:
3256:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3146:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3086:
3084:Adolf von Baeyer
3078:
3070:
3068:Svante Arrhenius
3062:
3054:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2972:Preceded by
2964:
2963:
2955:
2943:
2932:
2912:
2911:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2849:. Archived from
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2567:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2492:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2443:
2434:(7): 1143–1154.
2419:
2413:
2412:
2394:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2242:10.1038/362219a0
2215:
2209:
2208:
2189:10.1038/35030019
2158:
2152:
2151:
2132:10.1038/35030006
2104:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2007:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1904:. 7 October 2009
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1876:. 7 October 2009
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1850:. 7 October 2009
1840:
1834:
1833:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1724:10.1038/168917a0
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1572:Official website
1566:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1381:
1380:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1148:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1124:on 18 April 2015
1110:
970:X-ray structures
927:for services to
852:Thomas A. Steitz
628:phase transition
511:. He served as
482:Thomas A. Steitz
381:Doctoral advisor
240:
237:
235:
233:
231:
229:
227:
225:
168:
166:
105:Personal details
91:
79:
70:
46:
32:
31:
21:
7659:
7658:
7654:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7444:
7443:
7442:
7437:
7429:
7421:
7413:
7405:
7397:
7386:
7378:
7370:
7362:
7354:
7346:
7338:
7330:
7322:
7314:
7306:
7300:Robert Robinson
7298:
7290:
7282:
7274:
7266:
7258:
7250:
7244:William Crookes
7242:
7234:
7226:
7220:William Huggins
7218:
7207:
7199:
7191:
7183:
7175:
7167:
7159:
7151:
7143:
7135:
7129:Lord Wrottesley
7127:
7119:
7111:
7103:
7095:
7087:
7079:
7068:
7060:
7052:
7044:
7036:
7028:
7020:
7012:
7004:
6996:
6988:
6977:
6969:
6963:Charles Montagu
6961:
6953:
6945:
6939:Earl of Carbery
6937:
6929:
6921:
6913:
6905:
6897:
6889:
6878:
6869:
6839:
6834:
6796:
6720:
6689:
6685:Nellie Sengupta
6635:Nanaji Deshmukh
6593:
6549:Vikram Sarabhai
6489:Jayant Narlikar
6469:Verghese Kurien
6401:
6395:
6351:Kalyan Sundaram
6176:Hans Raj Khanna
6146:Aditya Nath Jha
6111:Benjamin Gilman
5999:
5975:Rambhadracharya
5953:
5944:M. S. Valiathan
5904:S. I. Padmavati
5872:
5848:Khushwant Singh
5833:Rajaram Shastri
5798:P. Parameswaran
5698:Bhabatosh Datta
5660:
5659:Literature and
5654:
5565:V. K. R. V. Rao
5540:Ghananand Pande
5510:Sumati Morarjee
5460:Rai Krishnadasa
5410:Rajeshwar Dayal
5373:
5284:D. K. Pattammal
5219:Lata Mangeshkar
5139:Bhupen Hazarika
5134:Gangubai Hangal
5119:Kumar Gandharva
5059:Kishori Amonkar
5042:
5040:Padma Vibhushan
5033:
5003:
4998:
4951:
4881:John Papaloizou
4876:Tim Palmer
4871:Bridget Ogilvie
4851:Alan MacDiarmid
4819:Keith Gull
4804:Roderick Flower
4720:
4707:
4677:
4672:
4610:
4602:
4599:(United States)
4593:(United States)
4577:
4572:Jack W. Szostak
4568:(United States)
4546:
4543:(United States)
4541:George E. Smith
4515:
4512:(United States)
4491:
4467:
4458:(United States)
4436:
4429:
4399:
4394:
4378:
4362:
4353:David MacMillan
4350:
4345:Jennifer Doudna
4338:
4322:
4306:
4290:
4281:Fraser Stoddart
4274:
4265:Paul L. Modrich
4258:
4242:
4226:
4214:
4206:
4201:Ei-ichi Negishi
4193:Richard F. Heck
4190:
4174:
4161:Osamu Shimomura
4158:
4150:
4142:
4126:
4110:
4098:
4082:
4069:William Knowles
4066:
4055:
4046:Alan MacDiarmid
4039:
4031:
4019:
4003:
3998:Richard Smalley
3987:
3974:Paul J. Crutzen
3971:
3963:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3915:
3899:
3890:Jean-Marie Lehn
3883:
3867:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3819:
3803:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3756:
3751:Vladimir Prelog
3744:
3736:
3724:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3680:
3672:
3656:
3648:
3643:Robert Woodward
3640:
3635:Dorothy Hodgkin
3632:
3620:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3520:
3508:
3497:
3485:
3480:William Giauque
3477:
3469:
3464:Robert Robinson
3461:
3448:James B. Sumner
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3395:Leopold RuĹľiÄŤka
3391:Adolf Butenandt
3388:
3380:
3368:
3360:
3348:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3328:Irving Langmuir
3325:
3313:
3305:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3213:Frederick Soddy
3210:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3140:Victor Grignard
3137:
3129:
3121:
3116:Wilhelm Ostwald
3113:
3105:
3097:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3049:
3038:
3029:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2892:
2888:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2586:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2563:The Independent
2556:
2552:
2537:
2533:
2518:
2514:
2469:
2465:
2420:
2416:
2371:
2367:
2320:
2316:
2269:
2265:
2216:
2212:
2159:
2155:
2105:
2101:
2090:
2086:
2025:
2021:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1751:
1747:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1623:
1619:
1604:
1588:
1584:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1515:
1511:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1264:
1257:
1226:
1219:
1186:
1179:
1169:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1112:
1111:
1084:
1079:
1058:
1041:
988:of the cognate
898:Ohio University
860:Padma Vibhushan
798:
762:
660:Yale University
644:
621:Ohio University
521:
451:
437:Yale University
410:
384:Tomoyasu Tanaka
360:Ohio University
349:
344:Ohio University
312:
283:Padma Vibhushan
277:Knight Bachelor
265:
222:
195:
170:
167: 1975)
162:
158:
157:Vera Rosenberry
147:
118:
116:
115:
89:
77:
71:
66:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:V. Ramakrishnan
15:
12:
11:
5:
7657:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7435:
7427:
7419:
7415:Sir Paul Nurse
7411:
7403:
7394:
7392:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7380:Sir Aaron Klug
7376:
7368:
7360:
7352:
7344:
7336:
7328:
7320:
7312:
7304:
7296:
7288:
7280:
7272:
7264:
7256:
7248:
7240:
7232:
7224:
7215:
7213:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7197:
7189:
7181:
7173:
7165:
7157:
7149:
7141:
7133:
7125:
7117:
7109:
7105:Duke of Sussex
7101:
7097:Davies Gilbert
7093:
7085:
7076:
7074:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7058:
7050:
7042:
7034:
7026:
7022:Earl of Morton
7018:
7010:
7002:
6994:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6967:
6959:
6951:
6943:
6935:
6927:
6919:
6911:
6903:
6895:
6886:
6884:
6880:
6879:
6868:
6867:
6860:
6853:
6845:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6832:
6822:
6812:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6752:Lakshmi Mittal
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6706:Edmund Hillary
6703:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6680:Sister Nirmala
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6601:
6599:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6539:Palle Rama Rao
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6434:Charles Correa
6431:
6426:
6421:
6419:Norman Borlaug
6416:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6331:Nagendra Singh
6328:
6323:
6318:
6316:M. C. Setalvad
6313:
6308:
6306:Lakshmi Sahgal
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6226:Venkaiah Naidu
6223:
6218:
6213:
6211:Ajoy Mukherjee
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6166:Ali Yavar Jung
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6081:C. D. Deshmukh
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6061:P. N. Bhagwati
6058:
6053:
6048:
6046:Sikander Bakht
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6021:Aruna Asaf Ali
6018:
6013:
6007:
6005:
6004:Public affairs
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5863:Mahadevi Varma
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5753:O. N. V. Kurup
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5708:Mahasweta Devi
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5662:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5635:T. Swaminathan
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5610:Manmohan Singh
5607:
5602:
5600:Harbaksh Singh
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5550:T. V. Rajeswar
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5505:Brajesh Mishra
5502:
5500:M. G. K. Menon
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
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3910:Hartmut Michel
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3826:Roald Hoffmann
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2483:(5): 721–732.
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1198:(1): 422–426.
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5813:C. Rangarajan
5811:
5809:
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5803:Amrita Pritam
5801:
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5796:
5794:
5793:R. K. Narayan
5791:
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5788:Bal Ram Nanda
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5485:Sam Manekshaw
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5369:K. J. Yesudas
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5239:Mario Miranda
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5209:Birju Maharaj
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5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:Zakir Hussain
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5129:Satish Gujral
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:Nandalal Bose
5097:
5095:
5092:
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5087:
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5082:
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5070:
5067:
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5037:
5030:
5025:
5023:
5018:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5007:
4995:
4991:
4989:
4988:José Sarukhán
4985:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:Andrew Watson
4935:
4933:
4932:Karen Vousden
4930:
4928:
4927:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
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4859:
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4797:
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4787:
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4780:
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4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4742:Mariann Bienz
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4714:Royal Society
4711:
4704:
4699:
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4692:
4690:
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4669:
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4664:
4661:
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4621:
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4613:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4591:Elinor Ostrom
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4535:Willard Boyle
4533:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4502:
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4460:
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4454:
4451:
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4439:
4434:
4426:
4421:
4419:
4414:
4412:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4390:
4386:
4385:Louis E. Brus
4382:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4358:
4357:Benjamin List
4354:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4333:Akira Yoshino
4330:
4326:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4297:Joachim Frank
4294:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4261:Tomas Lindahl
4257:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4237:Arieh Warshel
4234:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4221:Brian Kobilka
4218:
4213:
4210:
4209:Dan Shechtman
4205:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4186:
4185:Ada E. Yonath
4182:
4178:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4117:Avram Hershko
4114:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4093:Kurt WĂĽthrich
4090:
4089:Koichi Tanaka
4086:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4006:Paul D. Boyer
4002:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3958:Michael Smith
3955:
3950:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3918:Sidney Altman
3914:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3851:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3822:Kenichi Fukui
3818:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3740:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3720:
3719:William Stein
3716:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3667:George Porter
3664:
3660:
3659:Manfred Eigen
3655:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3603:Melvin Calvin
3599:
3596:
3595:Willard Libby
3591:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3543:Linus Pauling
3539:
3536:
3531:
3528:
3527:Richard Synge
3524:
3523:Archer Martin
3519:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3472:Arne Tiselius
3468:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3452:John Northrop
3449:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3344:
3339:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3296:Arthur Harden
3292:
3289:
3288:Adolf Windaus
3284:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3245:
3240:
3233:
3230:
3225:
3222:
3221:Francis Aston
3217:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3153:
3152:Alfred Werner
3148:
3145:
3144:Paul Sabatier
3141:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3093:
3092:Henri Moissan
3088:
3085:
3080:
3077:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2983:Royal Society
2976:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2909:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2890:
2882:
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2874:
2868:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2781:on 5 May 2017
2780:
2776:
2770:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2708:
2704:
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2668:
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2636:
2620:
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2596:
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2527:
2523:
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2255:
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2239:
2235:
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2227:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
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2178:
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2169:
2164:
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2149:
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2129:
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2112:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1849:
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1839:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
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1709:
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1676:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1603:9781786074362
1599:
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1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
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1495:
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1438:
1434:
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1428:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1397:
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1370:
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1251:
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1239:
1235:
1231:
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1209:
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1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1173:
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1153:
1147:
1143:Anon (2015).
1139:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
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1097:
1095:
1093:
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1087:
1082:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1044:professor at
1039:Personal life
1036:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:phenylalanine
987:
982:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
957:
954:
952:
947:
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
810:
802:
793:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
757:
755:
754:
749:
748:
743:
742:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
639:
637:
633:
629:
626:
625:ferroelectric
622:
617:
615:
614:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
516:
514:
510:
506:
503:(LMB) on the
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
462:
458:
454:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
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433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
417:
413:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
396:
392:
389:Academic work
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:
370:
368:
364:
361:
358:
356:
352:
345:
342:
340:
337:
334:
331:
330:
328:
324:
319:
315:
308:
305:
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299:
296:
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290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
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268:
262:
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247:
243:
239:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
198:
191:
188:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
154:
150:
144:United States
143:
140:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
112:
108:
103:
99:
96:
93:
87:
84:
81:
75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
7431:Adrian Smith
7422:
7391:21st century
7212:20th century
7089:Humphry Davy
7073:19th century
7062:Joseph Banks
7054:John Pringle
7046:James Burrow
7030:James Burrow
6990:Isaac Newton
6982:18th century
6931:Samuel Pepys
6915:John Hoskyns
6883:17th century
6650:U. N. Dhebar
6645:Mohan Dharia
6534:C. N. R. Rao
6524:Raja Ramanna
6400:Science and
6336:Swaran Singh
6321:Kalyan Singh
6311:P. A. Sangma
6271:Sharad Pawar
6256:K. Parasaran
6246:Hosei Norota
6171:Vijay Kelkar
6141:Arun Jaitley
6121:Zakir Husain
6011:L. K. Advani
5980:Ravi Shankar
5615:Tarlok Singh
5605:Kirpal Singh
5415:Basanti Devi
5405:Suranjan Das
5334:V. Shantaram
5329:Ravi Shankar
5324:Uday Shankar
5319:Zohra Sehgal
5309:Satyajit Ray
5204:R. K. Laxman
5144:M. F. Husain
4964:Denis Baylor
4924:
4902:
4895:
4885:
4833:
4784:Peter Dornan
4764:Michael Coey
4751:
4642:
4510:Barack Obama
4486:Herta MĂĽller
4449:
4317:George Smith
4197:Akira Suzuki
4176:
4153:Gerhard Ertl
4137:Yves Chauvin
4085:John B. Fenn
4073:Ryoji Noyori
4060:2001–present
4034:Ahmed Zewail
3994:Harold Kroto
3978:Mario Molina
3906:Robert Huber
3878:John Polanyi
3862:Jerome Karle
3798:Georg Wittig
3683:Derek Barton
3675:Lars Onsager
3627:Giulio Natta
3623:Karl Ziegler
3615:John Kendrew
3383:Richard Kuhn
3308:Hans Fischer
3124:Otto Wallach
3060:Emil Fischer
2993:Adrian Smith
2980:
2960:at Wikiquote
2934:
2896:
2889:
2876:
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2851:the original
2844:
2834:
2822:. Retrieved
2818:
2809:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2779:the original
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2749:
2740:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2697:
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2635:
2623:. Retrieved
2613:
2605:the original
2595:
2584:the original
2571:
2561:
2553:
2545:The Guardian
2544:
2534:
2525:
2515:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2172:
2166:
2156:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2087:
2036:
2032:
2022:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1873:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1847:
1838:
1813:
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1785:
1771:
1754:
1748:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1685:. Retrieved
1675:
1666:
1657:
1630:
1620:
1592:
1585:
1564:
1524:
1519:
1512:
1504:the original
1497:
1488:
1436:
1430:
1420:
1408:
1400:the original
1360:
1356:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:
1294:. Retrieved
1270:
1233:
1230:Biochemistry
1229:
1195:
1189:
1150:
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:the original
1117:
1069:
1061:
1046:Bard College
1042:
1030:
1019:
998:wobble" base
959:
955:
948:
941:
918:
887:
864:
845:
830:
815:
790:
763:
751:
745:
739:
733:
694:
675:
668:
662:. After his
645:
618:
611:
605:
583:
568:
537:
522:
494:
469:
468:
415:Institutions
401:Biochemistry
376: (1976)
372:
124:Madras State
95:Adrian Smith
90:Succeeded by
67:
29:
7454:1952 births
7308:Lord Adrian
7193:Lord Kelvin
6998:Hans Sloane
6971:Lord Somers
6923:Cyril Wyche
6830:WikiProject
6777:Azim Premji
6598:Social work
6509:I. G. Patel
6409:V. K. Aatre
6402:engineering
6326:Karan Singh
6286:N. G. Ranga
6281:Sri Prakasa
6181:V. N. Khare
5995:B. V. Doshi
5889:B. K. Goyal
5768:John Mathai
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