Valparaíso - Knowledge

1390: 100: 137: 57: 3812: 1233: 3430:, has executed major neighborhood redevelopment projects; has improved the city's tourist infrastructure; and administers the city's jazz, ethnic music, and opera festivals; among other projects. Some noteworthy foundation projects include the World Heritage Trail, Opera by the Sea, and Chile's "Cultural Capital". During recent years, Mr. Temkin has used his influential Sunday column in El Mercurio de Valparaíso to advocate for many major policy issues, such as the creation of a "Ley Valparaíso" (Valparaíso Law) in the Chilean Congress, and the possibility that the Chilean government must guarantee funding for the preservation of Valparaíso's beloved funicular elevators. 3157: 3442: 3835: 1225: 3376: 1213: 4318: 4175: 205: 3196: 1023: 4355: 1057: 215: 123: 616: 174: 3053: 1128: 2939: 195: 2931: 3614:, located at Muelle Barón, Bordemar Centro, is a watersports centre which offers sailing, kayaking and scuba diving lessons and hosts the "Valpo Sub" program that seeks to preserve the area's underwater heritage, offering educational tours and expeditions to shipwrecks along the bay. Puerto Deportivo Valparaíso also carries out programs promoting ecotourism in Valparaíso Bay, and rents equipment for people having lessons. It features an interactive room that shows information on the underwater heritage. 3546: 4381: 4201: 3172: 6765: 1431:

work began. This included the widening of streets, culverting and covering streams, (Jaime and Delicias – creating the avenues Francia and Argentina respectively). The main street of the city (Pedro Montt) was laid and Plaza O'Higgins was created; a hill was removed to allow the passage of Colon Street. The damaged Edwards mansion was demolished and in its place, the present Cathedral of Valparaíso was built and, among many other works, this gave shape to the Almendral Valparaíso area.

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country. Three years later on the first of December, Concepción funicular opened, the first of many hydraulic systems. After the country's independence and its consequent openness to international trade, Valparaíso became an important port of call on trade routes through the Eastern Pacific. Many immigrants settled there, mostly from Europe and North America, who helped include Valparaíso and

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Florida, Butterflies and Nuns are owned by the National Elevator Company SA; Artillery, Concepción and Mountains belong to the Society of Mechanical Lifts Valparaíso Holy Spirit, Larraín and Villaseca (stopped for repairs) are the property of Valparaíso Elevators Company SA, and Dairy (stopped by fire) belongs to the Society of Dairy Cerro Lifts Ltd.

3576:(Fort Prat), located at Rawson 382, Almendral, is a historic basketball venue, hosting the "golden age" of Valparaíso basketball from 1950 to 1970. Fort Prat has also hosted numerous local handball, table tennis and boxing championships. It offers children's classes and a gym, and is also home to the Valparaíso Basketball Association Museum. 3254:

already congested downtown streets. In addition, roads to link Valparaíso to San Antonio, Chile's second-largest port, and the coastal towns in between (Laguna Verde, Quintay, Algarrobo, and Isla Negra, for example), are also under construction. Travel between Valparaíso and Santiago takes about 80 minutes via a modern toll highway.

3534:(Playa Ancha Sports Club), located in Av. Playa Ancha 451, Cerro Playa Ancha, opened in 1919 and offers football pitches, table football, basketball and tennis courts, two swimming pools and a small gym. Tennis and swimming lessons are held in the club as well as local tournaments, and the pool can be used recreationally in summer. 819:, "Viña" is one of the biggest annual economic boosts to the region, as the event usually sells-out completely, and thousands of attendees and workers will travel to and stay in the city and metro area. In addition to showcasing numerous performers of many styles, and awarding various prizes, the internationally-televised and 3215:, opened to the public on 24 November 2005. The creation of this system involved updating parts of the Valparaíso-Santiago Railway, originally built in 1863. The Valparaíso Metro constitutes the so-called "fourth stage" ("Cuarta Etapa") of Metropolitan improvements. The Metro now connects the city core of Valparaíso with 3541:(Naval School Sports Centre), located at General Hontaneda, Cerro Playa Ancha, offers Olympic-standard modern facilities with a heated swimming pool and indoor volleyball, basketball, gymnastics, judo and fencing areas. It also has extensive outdoor sports facilities, suitable for rugby, football and tennis. 1471:. This title was awarded to Valparaiso for its unique urban form, as well as its clear maintained historical background as a colorful port city. In becoming a World Heritage Center, Valparaíso is tasked with maintaining its cultural heritage, through the maintenance of its historic infrastructure, like its 3651:

The "Valparaíso Downhill" is a mountain bike race that takes place in February. Riders race through the city streets tackling the steps and alleys, finding their own way through the ramps and jumps down to the "plan" (Valparaíso's "lowlands"). The Valparaíso Downhill has been described by Chop MTB as

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show, the biggest in all of Latin America, attended by a million tourists who fill the coastline and hillsides with a view of the bay. Even though everyone calls it the Valparaíso Fireworks, it is, in fact, a fireworks display running along a great part of the coast from Valparaíso, past Viña del Mar

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During Valparaíso's golden age (1848–1914), the city received large numbers of immigrants, primarily from Europe. The immigrant communities left a unique imprint on the city's noteworthy architecture. Each community built its own churches and schools, while many also founded other noteworthy cultural

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were doing business in the town, which had become a significant trading center by 1840, with 166 British ships, out of a total of 287, anchored in its port. The British settled on Cerro Alegre (Mount Pleasant) and Cerro Concepción. The Association of Voluntary Firemen was created in 1851, a telegraph

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and the first during the colonial era. In its place today, stands the building of El Mercurio de Valparaíso. The ocean then rose to this point. Reclamation of land from the sea moved the coastline five blocks away. Between 1810 and 1830, he built much of the existing port of the city, including much

3322:, also known as Ascensor Turri) opened in 1883, operated by steam, is still in service. The Cerro Cordillera elevator was built in 1887. As many as 28 different funicular railways have served Valparaíso at one time or another, of which 14 were still in operation in 1992 and still around 12 in 2010. 3253:

Valparaíso's road infrastructure has been undergoing improvement, particularly with the completion of the "Curauma — Placilla — La Pólvora" freeway bypass, which will allow trucks to go directly to the port facility over a modern highway and through tunnels, without driving through the historic and

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Between the years of 2000 to 2015, the city experienced a recovery, attracting artists, tourists, and cultural entrepreneurs, who settled after they were attracted by the city's hillside historic districts. Today, many thousands of people visit Valparaíso each month, from Chile and abroad, to enjoy

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During the second half of the 20th century, Valparaíso experienced a great decline, as wealthy families de-gentrified the historic quarter, moving to bustling Santiago or nearby Viña del Mar. By the early 1990s, much of the city's unique heritage had been lost and many Chileans had given up on the

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during most of the year. In the winter, rainfall can occasionally be extremely heavy when a powerful frontal system crosses central Chile, but frequency of such rains varies greatly from year to year. Monthly average temperatures vary just around 6°C between the coolest and the warmest month, from

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All this resulted in a population increases. The city reached more than 160,000 inhabitants in the late nineteenth century, making it necessary to use the steep hills for more houses, mansions and even cemeteries. The lack of available land caused the city authorities and developers to reclaim low

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caused severe damage throughout the city on 16 August, which was at that time the heart of the Chilean economy. The damage was valued at hundreds of millions of pesos of the time, and human victims were counted at 3,000 dead and over 20,000 injured. After the removal of the debris, reconstruction

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The twentieth century began with the first big protest of dockworkers, Chile on 15 April 1903, due to complaints by dockers about their excessive working hours and demands for higher wages, requests that were ignored by employers, creating a tense situation that led to serious violence on 12 May.

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was created as a national response to the increasing dominance of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company in 1872. In 1880 the Chilean Telephone Company was formed by Americans Joseph Husbands, Peter MacKellar, James Martin, and the US consul Lucius Foot, the first official telephone company in the

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The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Valparaíso and Viña del Mar, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 68 min. 15% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public

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Valparaíso has fifteen lifts declared Historical Monuments by the National Monuments Council. Five are municipal property and the remaining belong to four private companies. The elevators are elevators municipal Baron, El Peral, Polanco, Queen Victoria and St. Augustine. As for the rest, lifts

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in 1914. Shipping shifted to the canal as captains sought to avoid the risks of the Strait of Magellan. The port's use and traffic declined significantly, causing a decline in the city's economy. The opening of the Panama Canal was one of the most critical events in the shaping of Valparaío's

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At 10:30 pm on the evening of 19 November 1822, Valparaíso experienced a violent earthquake that left the city in ruins; of the 16,000 residents, casualties included at least 66 adults and 12 children, as well as 110 people wounded. The next day, a meteor trail was visible from Quillota to

1124:, was erected in 1911. However, by 1895, Italian immigrants exceeded the British, and both the Italians and Germans were in larger numbers by 1907. By 1920, both the Italians and Spanish outnumbered the British, and the primary British community within Chile resided in Santiago. 3736:. The main building of this last is visible from much of the city, as it is located on the front of the hill 'Cerro Placeres', and has characteristic Tudor Gothic and Renaissance architecture. The city has many nontraditional colleges of varying size, quality and focus. 2951:

lifts (steeply inclined carriages) one of the world's 100 most endangered historical treasures. In 1998, grassroots activists convinced the Chilean government and local authorities to apply for UNESCO world heritage status for Valparaíso. Valparaíso was declared a

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Since 2005, a series of running events has taken place in the city with 5 km, 10 km, 21 km and marathon distances. The race starts at Muelle Barón and the course runs along the seafront, crossing diverse architectural and geographical landmarks.

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and other cities. It extends along most of Gran Valparaíso, and is the second underground urban rail system in operation in Chile (after Santiago's), as it includes a tunnel section that crosses Viña del Mar's commercial district. The proposed

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transit is 13 min, while 15% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7 km, while 12% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.

790:, and fruit exports. It also receives growing attention from cruise ships that visit during the South American summer. Most significantly, Valparaíso has transformed itself into a major educational and entertainment hub, with four large 3167:

Approximately 50 international cruise ships call on Valparaíso during the 4-month Chilean summer. The port of Valparaíso is also an important hub for container freight and exports many products, including wine, copper, and fresh fruit.

1173:, respectively). Immigrants formed the first volunteer fire-fighting units (still a volunteer activity in Chile). Their buildings reflected a variety of European styles, making Valparaíso more varied than some other Chilean cities. 1344:. It would be another four years before streetlights, with 700 gas lanterns, were installed. In 1861 the first tram company was formed, mostly using horses or mules to draw them, and fully established over the next few years. 2956:

in 2003. Built upon dozens of steep hillsides overlooking the Pacific Ocean, Valparaíso has a labyrinth of streets and cobblestone alleyways, embodying a rich architectural and cultural legacy. Valparaíso is protected as a

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Nicknamed "The Jewel of the Pacific", Valparaíso was declared a world heritage site based upon its improvised urban design and unique architecture. In 1996, the World Monuments Fund declared Valparaíso's unusual system of

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is located opposite the Club Deportivo Playa Ancha and is part of its wider complex. The velodrome contains a cycle track, table football, and handball and basketball courts. All its facilities are available for public

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offices and several people were shot and killed. All this prompted intervention by the state. This protest was important for the future of Trade Unionism in the country. That same year, electric trams were introduced.

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and economic institutions. The largest immigrant communities came from Britain, Germany, and Italy, each developing their own hillside neighbourhood, preserved today as National Historic Districts or "Zonas Típicas".

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maintains the drawings and paintings of the cartoonist Renzo Antonio Giovanni Pecchenino Raggi (stage name LUKAS), who came to symbolize Valparaíso in popular culture, in a new restored building overlooking the bay.

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city. But in the mid-1990s, a grassroots preservation movement blossomed in Valparaíso where nowadays also a vast number of murals created by graffiti artists can be viewed on the streets, alleyways and stairways.

3238:. The buses provide an efficient and regular service to and from the city centre and the numerous hills where most people live, as well as to neighbouring towns while more distant towns are served by long-distance 4537: 3295:

Because of the slopes of the hills, many of the surrounding areas of Valparaíso are inaccessible by public transport. That is why "elevators" serve the function of communicating the high part of the city with the

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Chile's legislature along with other institutions of national importance like the National Customs Service, the National Fish and Aquaculture Ministry, the Ministry of Culture and the Barracks General of the

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In addition, Valparaíso was the birthplace of many private schools founded by the European colonies, as the German School, the Alliance Francaise, Mackay College (now located in the neighboring resort of

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Valparaíso found maritime competition with Callao (Perú). Both cities sought to be the dominant port on the Pacific Coast of South America during the period of time known as the High Trade (1880–1930).

4449: 4882: 4732: 4516: 4913: 3375: 5571: 1635:, the city is vulnerable to earthquakes. The Peru–Chile Trench stores large amounts of energy for a very long time and sometimes ruptures after short intervals in a violent earthquake. 105: 5738: 995:

During Spanish colonial times, Valparaíso remained a small village, with only a few houses and a church. On some occasions she was attacked by English pirates and privateers, such as

3566:(formerly Chiledeportes Regional Stadium) is located at the junction of Hontaneda and Subida Carvallo, Cerro Playa Ancha, This stadium has historic links to the local football team, 3446: 67: 3494:

Valparaíso offers various urban nightlife activities. Traditional bars and nightclubs can be found near Plaza Sotomayor. A vivid guide to Valparaíso can be found in the novels of

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Valparaíso stages a major festival attended by hundreds of thousands of participants on the last three days of every year. The festival culminates with a "New Year's by the Sea"

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International immigration transformed the local culture from Spanish origins and Amerindian origins, in ways that included the construction of the first non-Catholic cemetery of

5274: 4944: 3697: 1053:, Valparaíso became the main harbour for the nascent Chilean navy, and opened international trade opportunities that had been formerly limited to Spain and its other colonies. 3144:. Although congressional activities were to be legally moved by a ruling in 1987, the newly built site only began to function as the seat of Congress during the government of 6071: 5120: 5031: 3689: 5172: 5061: 5084:"Valparaíso Climate Guide to the Average Weather & Temperatures with Graphs Elucidating Sunshine and Rainfall Data & Information about Wind Speeds & Humidity" 3685: 3511: 1389: 6247: 6222: 5206: 1659:

17 °C (63 °F) in January to 11.4 °C (52.5 °F) in July. Snowfall occurs rarely in the highest parts of the city. In winter, strong winds can lead to

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off the coast of Valparaiso, sinking two British cruisers. After the battle the East Asia Squadron stayed in Valparaiso Harbor before continuing to the Falklands.

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service to Santiago was operating by 1852, and Chile's first telephone service was set up in 1880. The British Hospital was founded in 1897, and the British Arch,

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sweeping other parts of the world. This created a different city with civil, financial, commercial and industrial institutions, many of which still exist today.

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On 18 August 1906, a major earthquake struck Valparaíso; there was extensive property damage and thousands of deaths. The Chilean doctor, Carlos Van Buren, of

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the city's labyrinth of cobbled alleys and colorful buildings. The Port of Valparaíso still continues to be a major distribution center for container traffic,

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in 1914, and the associated reduction in ship traffic, dealt a serious blow to the region's shipping- and port-based economy. By the 21st century, the port of

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Valparaíso played an important geopolitical role in the second half of the 19th century when it served as a major stopover for ships traveling between the

4508: 3480:. The "School of Valparaíso" was in the 1960s and 1970s one of the most experimental, avant-garde and controversial Architectural schools in the country. 4852: 4702: 7382: 5462: 2964:

Since its status as a World Heritage Site, Valparaíso has made several changes to its urban fabric in the process of maintaining its cultural heritage.

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which is some distance from the city but now served by good roads. The great majority of foreign visitors arrive through Santiago or on cruise liners.

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meets in a modern building in the Almendral section of Valparaíso, after relocation from Santiago during the last years of the dictatorship of General

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located at the plan and Hospital Valparaíso (officially Hospital Eduardo Pereira) located at St. Roque Hill. There are also several clinics like

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In 1910, the port expansion work of the city, which ended in 1930, began. A long breakwater was built, along with piers and docking terminals.

6695: 5891: 5567: 7377: 7347: 5730: 3341:, Valparaíso has promised to replace and maintain its several funiculars. The funiculars were identified as an important cultural artifact. 3242:. Buses are operated by several private companies and regulated by the Regional Ministry of Transport, which controls fares and routes. The 6484: 3765: 3733: 6598: 6554: 6119: 5252: 4967: 4623: 1096:. German, French, Italian and English were commonly spoken among its citizens, who founded and published newspapers in these languages. 810: 7372: 6300: 5284: 3688:

and Salesian College Valparaíso. Other landmarks of the city schools are the Mary Help of Christians School, San Rafael Seminary, the

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By 1851, the first fire brigade in the country was formed. The next year potable running water became available, as well as the first

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In 2003, the Chilean Congress declared Valparaíso to be "Chile's Cultural Capital" and home for the nation's new cultural ministry.

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Valparaíso is also home to the so-called "School of Valparaíso", which is in fact the Faculty of Architecture & Urbanism of the

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Martland, Samuel. 2007. "Reconstructing the City, Constructing the State: Government in Valparaíso after the Earthquake of 1906",

3700:, among others. Many of the schools named in the plan are located directly in the city, especially in the Almendral neighborhood. 5035: 3014: 6417: 5168: 5057: 3221: 110: 7392: 7357: 6547: 3708:) and the College of the Sacred Hearts of Valparaíso, that operating since 1837 is the oldest private school in South America. 3318:– provide public transport service between the central area and the lower slopes of the surrounding hills, the first of which ( 595: 6193: 3065:

Although technically only Chile's sixth largest city, with an urban area population of 263,499 (275,982 in municipality), the

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In 1852, British shipping company Williamson, Balfour & Cía was established in Valparaíso to handle trade in the region.

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descent, was involved in the medical care of earthquake victims. He later established the Hospital Carlos Van Buren in 1912.

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are sited in the city. In addition to the capital of the Valparaíso Region hosts the Regional Administration and government.

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economy. Since the turn of the 21st century, shipping has increased in the last few decades with fruit exports, opening the

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Valparaíso has many institutions of higher education, including some of the most important universities of Chile, called "

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has been in operation since 1952, and in 2019 it continues to use some of its original vehicles, built in 1952 by the

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in Valparaíso to maintain British naval interest in the region. It would remain until 1837, when it was relocated to

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The twentieth century was unfavorable to Valparaíso, as many wealthy families abandoned the city. The opening of the

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In early February 2024, a huge brush fire burned through Valparaiso and central Chile, killing at least 131 people.

815:(often simply called "Viña" or "Viña Del Mar"). Typically held in March, in a recently-refurbished, 40,000-capacity 6806: 5547: 4755:

A History of the British Presence in Chile: From Bloody Mary to Charles Darwin and the Decline of British Influence

3717: 3118: 791: 4538:"Mensaje de Jorge Sharp en Twitter generó disputa por título de "puerto principal" entre San Antonio y Valparaíso" 3310:, because it is vertical. Meanwhile, the rest are cable cars but traditionally called elevators. Several of those 1648: 590: 7030: 6162: 6001: 5934: 5915: 3004:(called ascensores): 15 public (national monuments) and 1 private (which belongs to "Hospital Carlos Van Buren"). 1553: 895: 6020: 5870: 5846: 5827: 5632: 5523: 5429: 5360: 4778: 3278: 128: 7038: 3631: 1524: 866: 3811: 3399: 1520: 1381:

lying tidal marshland (polders) upon which to build administrative, commercial and industrial infrastructure.

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is the second-largest populace in the country, as well as the second-largest city in the Greater Valparaíso

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At primary school level, Valparaíso boasts some of the most emblematic schools in the region, such as the

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The Imperial German East Asia Squadron engaged the British West Indies Squadron on 1 November 1914 at the

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in 1866. Chilean merchant ships were sunk, except for those vessels whose captains hoisted foreign flags.

1354: 1298: 1232: 1076:(1848–1858). As a major seaport, Valparaíso received immigrants from many European countries, mainly from 751: 5657: 5317: 3671:, the Chilean winner of the 2014 Quad category, was cheered here in the streets by the Valparaíso crowd. 3526:

Valparaíso has several public sports venues and facilities, including a growing network of cycle routes.

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Overlooking the port of Valparaíso from the viewing point 21 de Mayo (May Twenty-one), Artillery Hill.

1351: 6773: 3627: 3604: 3518:'s Clinica Barón, Hospital Aleman (due to close), and the former Naval Hospital on Playa Ancha Hill. 1620: 6905: 6268: 4021: 3607:. Around the lagoon are camping sites, cycle and hiking trails, and paintball and canopy facilities. 6986: 5895: 2985: 2905: 1453: 1330: 1177: 573: 91: 3369:, transferring 10 million tons annually, and serves about 50 cruises and 150,000 passengers. 2990: 1599:

Valparaíso is located in central Chile, 120 km (75 mi) to the north west of the capital

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The Strike of the Seafarers. Fire of the South American Company. Assault on the printing press of

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The port of Valparaíso is divided into ten sites which sites 1,2,3,4 and 5 are administered by

3020: 2953: 1671: 1608: 1112: 1027: 678: 401: 226: 7342: 7285: 6887: 6403: 6116: 5242: 3969: 3319: 340: 4853:"El Alto Comercio de Valparaiso y las Grandes Casas Extranjeras, 1880-1930: Una Aproximacion" 4703:"El Alto Comercio de Valparaiso y las Grandes Casas Extranjeras, 1880-1930: Una Aproximacion" 4677: 4611: 4509:"Valparaíso sube dos puestos y San Antonio se mantiene TOP 10 en ránking de puertos de Cepal" 3963: 3498:, the private detective who lives in a Victorian house in the picturesque Paseo Gervasoni in 1644: 1632: 1604: 1560: 1374: 1265: 902: 7292: 7169: 7150: 6839: 6585: 4465: 4166: 3297: 2976: 662: 7257: 6996: 6968: 6935: 6463: 6292: 4646: 4003: 3515: 2971: 1146: 1073: 960:

explorers, considered the first European discoverers of Chile, arrived in 1536, aboard the

554: 142: 7156: 6715: 5590: 5487:[The oldest funicular in Valparaíso reopens with commissioning and free service]. 652: 328: 8: 7102: 6570: 5378: 4010: 3338: 3195: 3040: 1615:, killing nearly 3,000 people. Other significant earthquakes to affect the city were the 1358: 1269: 1142: 1065: 760: 717: 3981: 3212: 7091: 6963: 6796: 6622: 6618: 6523: 6126:

www.24horas.cl/ ALONSO SÁNCHEZ MONCLOA January 18, 2014, retrieved on February 08, 2014

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burned out of control, destroying 2,800 homes and killing 16 people, forcing President

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at Avenue Borde Laguna and Curauma. The calm waters of the 195 km lagoon permits

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87, no. 2: 221–254. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed September 13, 2008)

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was fought offshore of the town, between American and British ships involved in the

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Valparaíso soon became a desired stopover for ships rounding South America via the

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Valparaíso is the birthplace of many historically significant figures, including:

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Internal passenger air services to Valparaíso are provided through the airport at

1165:. Immigrants from Scotland and Germany founded the first private secular schools ( 7238: 7142: 6711: 6123: 6075: 6027: 6008: 5960: 5941: 5922: 5853: 5834: 5815: 5716: 5554: 5527: 5364: 4453: 4335: 4296: 3975: 3930: 3896: 3664: 3641: 3247: 3145: 2981: 1600: 1288: 1189: 1150: 1104: 1093: 1006: 737: 7180: 7085: 6925: 6539: 6443: 5231:

for the range of total numbers and active numbers, given from different sources.

3705: 3216: 3070: 3032: 2930: 670: 173: 7219: 7112: 6872: 6867: 6734: 3668: 3600: 3588: 3010:

The Bellavista hill, which has the "Museo a Cielo Abierto" or "open air museum"

2938: 1611:, the last catastrophic earthquake to strike Valparaíso devastated the city in 1322: 1162: 1081: 1077: 1038:

of the land reclamation work that now comprises the city's commercial centre.

957: 820: 741: 733: 5275:"Old Prejudices Die Hard In Chile's Rival Coastal Cities: Viña and Valparaíso" 3545: 3360:

South Pacific Terminal SA and sites 6,7,8,9 and 10 for Valparaíso Port Company

3171: 1364:

A merger of the National Steamship Company and Chilean Steamship Company, the

7336: 7313: 7306: 7249: 7019: 6628: 6136: 5199:

World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

5113:

World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

4878: 4728: 4385: 4380: 4200: 3208: 3082: 2713: 2074: 1350:

Taking advantage of the total lack of defenses, a Spanish fleet commanded by

1085: 996: 946: 729: 721: 690: 565: 544: 288: 275: 261: 6910: 5381:[Ten trolleybuses from Switzerland modernize the Valparaíso fleet]. 3437:

Facade of El Mercurio de Valparaíso's publishing building in Calle Esmeralda

3264: 1654:). The summer is essentially dry, but the city is affected by fogs from the 1326: 214: 7264: 6764: 6323: 5788: 4826: 4808: 4410: 4257: 4218: 3995: 3902: 3890: 3306: 3274: 3268: 3164:

Major industries include tourism, culture, shipping and freight transport.

1603:. Valparaíso, like most of Chile, is vulnerable to earthquakes. Before the 1461: 1193: 1184: 1089: 824: 816: 767: 698: 694: 606: 384: 5974:"Arriendos | Puerto Deportivo Valparaíso | Región de Valparaíso" 5087: 1272:, commemorating the only naval battle he ever lost. By 2 August 1820, the 7212: 7080: 6781: 6088: 5383: 4354: 4135: 4086: 3878: 3427: 3239: 3130: 1670:

Climate data for Valparaíso, Chile (Punta Angeles Lighthouse, located at

1257: 1204: 1046: 1001: 806: 697:

of Chile's second most-populated administrative region and has been the

397: 5485:"El ascensor más antiguo del Puerto reabre con marcha blanca y gratuito" 4937:"Chileans Search Rubble for Wildfire Victims as Death Toll Rises to 131" 4818: 4244: 4036: 3994:

It has also been the residence of many writers such as the Chilean poet

972:

carried men and supplies for Almagro's expedition, under the command of

7161: 7132: 7127: 7107: 3637: 3231: 3187: 3093: 1660: 1527: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1310:

In May 1828, a constitutional convention began regular meetings in the

1284: 1280:

Valparaíso, seen as a religious experience for much of the population.

1183:

The golden age of Valparaíso's commerce ended after the opening of the

869: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 648: 452: 7320: 7185: 7014: 3465:

is the oldest Spanish-language newspaper in circulation in the world.

3409: 3325: 3101: 3078: 952:

The Bay of Valparaíso's first ethnically identifiable population were

823:

festival is typically headlined by superstar musicians, from both the

488: 7122: 6953: 6824: 6819: 6791: 6651: 6395: 5636: 5518: 5357: 4278: 4179: 4161: 4114: 4017: 3948:, Chilean poet, founder of poetic transrealism in contemporary poetry 3484: 3311: 3235: 3001: 2948: 2894: 1337: 1111:, prospered in Valparaíso between the 1820s and 1920s. Firms such as 1069: 561: 540: 535: 6900: 6448: 5143:"Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos" 5006:"Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos" 3074: 1502: 1015:

in 1594. Drake's sack of Valparaíso gave origin to the legend about

844: 778:) handled, leading to the questioning of its traditional moniker of 7299: 7204: 7117: 7074: 6915: 6877: 6857: 6829: 6754: 6739: 6663: 6453: 5731:"Open City: Ex Cárcel Parque Cultural by HLPS in Valparaíso, Chile" 4322: 4239: 4213: 4101: 3592: 3301: 3258: 3129:

who is directly elected every four years. The 2021–2024 alcalde is

2870: 1341: 953: 709: 686: 355: 7009: 5973: 4905:"Chile declares disaster as deadly fire storms historic port city" 7244: 7004: 6958: 6749: 6667: 6655: 5683: 5589:

Material was copied from this source, which is available under a

4367: 4283: 4127: 3596: 3449:(PCdV) which has been established on a former prison's ground on 3126: 802: 725: 713: 481: 6117:

Minuto a Minuto El Rally Dakar 2014 llega a su fin en Valparaíso

6069:

Valparaíso – still the craziest urban downhill race of them all!

5763: 3667:

in the heart of the old town, surrounded by historic buildings.

2289:

Source 1: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (humidity 1931–1960)

152: 7225: 6814: 6744: 5953: 5379:"Diez trolebuses de origen suizo modernizarán la flota porteña" 5367:(detailed history). Allen Morrison. 2006. Retrieved 2019-04-07. 4330: 4291: 4270: 4252: 4226: 4192: 4153: 4122: 3966:, feminist lawyer, minister of the Court of Appeals of Santiago 3395: 1449: 1072:. It gained particular importance supporting and supplying the 787: 757: 85: 6331: 5661: 5169:"Temperatura Histórica de la Estación Rodelillo, Ad. (330007)" 5145:(in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from 5034:(in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from 5008:(in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from 4612:"Los changos, su supuesta presencia en la bahía de Valparaíso" 4466:"TelluBase—Chile Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" 3785: 3344: 3085:, is the second largest in the country (803,683 inhabitants). 3015:

Admiral Lord Thomas Alexander Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald

1049:. After Chile's independence from Spain (1818), beginning the 7278: 7271: 7061: 6659: 6639: 6574: 6345: 6163:"Universidades de Valparaíso (Privadas y Estatales Públicas)" 6139:(in Spanish). Corporación Municipal Valparaíso. 25 May 2018. 5585: 4674:

Mitos de Chile: Enciclopedia de seres, apariciones y encantos

4372: 4359: 4317: 4304: 4265: 4174: 4140: 4109: 4096: 3905:, Australia's third Prime Minister, and the first Australian 3366: 1370: 1138: 756:. In 2003, the historic quarter of Valparaíso was declared a 682: 656: 392: 316: 30:

This article is about the city in Chile. For other uses, see

6340: 5847:

Complejo Deportivo Escuela Naval (Navy School Sports Centre)

5568:"Valparaíso y Viña del Mar Public Transportation Statistics" 3426:(Valparaíso Foundation), founded by the North American poet 987: 685:. It is located about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of 6671: 4187: 4148: 2839: 2295: 1419: 1365: 644: 701:

headquarters since 1817, as well as being the seat of the

5109:"Faro Punta Angeles Valparaiso Climate Normals 1991–2020" 5058:"Temperatura Histórica de la Punta Ángeles faro (330002)" 3915:, also known as Curt Bruckner (1896–1971), German painter 3433: 3230:

within Valparaíso itself is provided primarily by buses,

3224:

would link Valparaíso and Santiago in around 45 minutes.

945:(1869) claim that Valparaíso was within the range of the 504: 3759: 3069:

metropolitan area, including the neighbouring cities of

1033:

In 1810, a wealthy merchant built the first pier in the

6269:"24 Horas – Tenor Giancarlo Monsalve visita Valparaíso" 6191: 6041:"Downhill bike race in Chile is insanity at its finest" 3365:

Valparaíso is the main container and passenger port in

1329:

on suspicion of promoting conspirators who opposed the

7064:

cities with a population of over 150,000 (2017 census)

5591:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

5476: 4489:

Between Two Worlds: Memoirs of a Philosopher-Scientist

3626:

Valparaíso was one of the host cities of the official

2294:

Source 2: Climate & Temperature (sunshine hours),

4081:

List of twin towns and sister cities in South America

3300:, besides being a strong holiday highlight. The only 728:". Notable acquisitions from this golden age include 5828:

Club Deportivo Playa Ancha (Playa Ancha sports club)

5818:

ciudaddevalparaiso.cl retrieved on February 07, 2014

6680: 5625: 5266: 5557:(Spanish). Capital Cultural. Retrieved 2010-09-08. 4903: 4757:. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. pp. 110–115. 3941:Cultural Ambassador of Valparaíso and UNESCO medal 3510:The public healthcare system mainly relies on the 2855:Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso 1260:, leading to the deaths of 58 US Marines. Captain 1153:; and the first private Catholic school in Chile, 748:newspaper in continuous publication in the world, 6569: 6030:ciudaddevalparaiso.cl retrieved February 07, 2014 6011:ciudaddevalparaiso.cl retrieved February 07, 2014 5944:ciudaddevalparaiso.cl retrieved February 07, 2014 5925:ciudaddevalparaiso.cl retrieved February 07, 2014 5856:ciudaddevalparaiso.cl retrieved February 07, 2014 5837:ciudaddevalparaiso.cl retrieved February 07, 2014 4671: 2942:Many houses in Valparaíso are colourfully painted 976:, who named the town after his native village of 7334: 6078:chopmtb.com/ JCW, FEBRUARY 25, 2013 retrieved on 5963:www.lagopenuelas.com retrieved February 08, 2014 5370: 5171:(in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. 5060:(in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. 4779:"The Van Buren Hospital in the history of Chile" 5422: 5243:"Tastes of Newly Fashionable Valparaíso, Chile" 5203:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 5117:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 4810:Shaping Terrain: City Building in Latin America 4609: 1340:service in Latin America, between the city and 1157:("Sacred Hearts College") and its accompanying 6529:Trolleybuses in Valparaíso (national monument) 4998: 3818:Playa Ancha University of Educational Sciences 693:'s most important seaports. Valparaíso is the 7046: 6696: 6555: 6411: 6341:The Concepcion and Alegre historical district 4074: 3679: 3603:. It has also been chosen as a venue for the 3478:Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso 3458: 3007:The Concepcion and Alegre historical district 1394: 1296: 1295:. 12 September 1827 saw the establishment of 1264:, a survivor of this attack, would retire to 749: 494: 486: 6480:Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso 6155: 6089:"Maratón de Valparaiso 2022 - Sitio Oficial" 5681: 5650: 5024: 4850: 4700: 3792:Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso 3722:Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso 3711: 3099:Residents of Valparaíso are commonly called 6599:Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works 5513: 5511: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5234: 5086:. Climate & Temperature. Archived from 4570:[Valparaiso: new and old bohemia]. 3652:"the craziest urban downhill race of all". 3345:Valparaíso public transportation statistics 2833:Source 1: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile 1674:) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1970–present 1418:There were protests and the burning of the 7053: 7039: 6703: 6689: 6562: 6548: 6418: 6404: 5482: 5411:No. 281 (September–October 2008), p. 110. 4610:Vera Villarroel, Jaime (6 December 2018). 3117:As a commune, Valparaíso is a third-level 2869: 1303:, the oldest circulating newspaper in the 949:, but clear evidence for this is lacking. 774:had surpassed Valparaíso in trade volume ( 614: 7353:1536 establishments in the Spanish Empire 6485:Federico Santa María Technical University 5570:. Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. 4968:"Massive earthquake hits Chile, 122 dead" 4868: 4752: 4718: 4665: 4583: 4020:, lawyer and politician, governor of the 3766:Federico Santa María Technical University 3734:Federico Santa María Technical University 3583:is located 20 minutes from Valparaíso in 3304:that can truly be called as such, is the 1631:Because of Valparaíso's proximity to the 1587:Learn how and when to remove this message 929:Learn how and when to remove this message 6287: 6285: 5508: 5376: 5314:Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009–2010 5299: 5272: 4934: 4458: 3636: 3544: 3440: 3432: 3408: 3394: 3324: 3273: 3263: 3203:that were still in daily service in 2019 3194: 3186: 3170: 3155: 3051: 2937: 2929: 1448: 1388: 1231: 1223: 1211: 1203: 1196:ships that do not fit the Panama Canal. 1126: 1055: 1021: 986: 812:Viña Del Mar International Song Festival 7383:Populated places in Valparaíso Province 6591:Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of 6194:"Marsia Alexander-Clarke, Video Artist" 6185: 5240: 5050: 4935:Villegas, Alexander (6 February 2024). 4565: 4403: 3337:As a part of its 2003 declaration as a 673:). Valparaíso was named originally for 14: 7335: 6425: 4970:. Yahoo! News. Reuters. Archived from 4644: 4568:"Valparaíso: la vieja y nueva bohemia" 3939:, Chilean international opera singer, 1401:on 14 May 1903. In English, it reads: 1208:Daguerreotype of Valparaíso about 1852 956:natives, known for their agriculture. 7034: 6684: 6543: 6519:Everton de Viña del Mar Football Club 6399: 6282: 5358:The Trolleybuses of Valparaíso, Chile 5241:Gregory, Vanessa (November 8, 2009). 5195:"Rodelillo Climate Normals 1991–2020" 4959: 4813:. University Press of Florida. 2016. 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4069:Pentecostal revival movement in Chile 4009:Puerto Rican pro-independence leader 3353: 1316:Constitution of the Republic of Chile 1192:to world commerce, and larger-scale, 801:While the city is well-known for its 634: 417:401.6 km (155.1 sq mi) 7378:Populated places established in 1536 7348:1536 establishments in South America 6352: 6299:(in Spanish). Región de Valparaíso. 5785:"Cerro Concepcion Valparaiso, Chile" 5728: 5574:from the original on August 24, 2017 5530:, pp. 31–32. New York: Bonde Press. 4965: 4947:from the original on 8 February 2024 4916:from the original on 16 January 2021 4031: 3857: 3088:According to the 2002 census of the 2313:) 1991–2020, extremes 1975–present) 1525:adding citations to reliable sources 1496: 1318:was fully drafted and disseminated. 1236:Rita, a shoe seller in the city, by 867:adding citations to reliable sources 838: 5894:. Worldstadiums.com. Archived from 5483:Paredas R., Alexis (4 April 2019). 5459:""Curauma — Placilla — La Pólvora"" 5340:No. 344 (March–April 2019), p. 68. 4993:Hispanic American Historical Review 4851:Couyoumdjian, Juan Ricardo (2000). 4701:Couyoumdjian, Juan Ricardo (2000). 4013:died in the city in November 1867. 3445:The "Broadcasting Building" of the 3056:Ascensor "Conception" built in 1883 1268:, and request changing the name to 24: 6625:in the Arica and Parinacota Region 6143:from the original on 9 August 2020 5273:Gabanski, Pepa (21 January 2011). 5175:from the original on 7 August 2023 5064:from the original on 4 August 2023 4626:from the original on 25 March 2023 4447:Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas 4428: 736:, the continent's first volunteer 233: 25: 7404: 7373:Populated coastal places in Chile 6317: 6173:from the original on 26 June 2020 5377:Ossandón, Javier (1 April 2014). 4789:from the original on 20 July 2023 4672:Montecino Aguirre, Sonia (2015). 1248:was defeated by British frigates 6763: 6638: 6524:Santiago Wanderers Football Club 6378: 6361: 6246:. Estrellavalpo.cl. 2010-08-04. 6221:. Mercuriovalpo.cl. 2010-08-04. 6192:Marsia Alexander-Clarke (2003). 5867:"Estadio Regional Chiledeportes" 5584: 5229:Funicular railways of Valparaíso 4379: 4366: 4353: 4329: 4316: 4303: 4290: 4277: 4264: 4251: 4238: 4225: 4212: 4199: 4186: 4173: 4160: 4147: 4134: 4121: 4108: 4095: 4035: 3960:, Chilean dramatist and novelist 3833: 3810: 3784: 3758: 3694:Scuola Italiana Arturo Dell' Oro 3539:Complejo Deportivo Escuela Naval 3505: 3374: 3222:Santiago–Valparaíso railway line 3119:administrative division of Chile 1501: 1366:South American Steamship Company 1325:was shot at the port outside of 843: 309: 232: 225: 213: 203: 193: 172: 151: 135: 121: 98: 84: 55: 6714:Communes and municipalities in 6303:from the original on 2020-06-08 6261: 6250:from the original on 2012-04-14 6236: 6225:from the original on 2012-04-23 6211: 6129: 6110: 6099:from the original on 2023-03-14 6081: 6062: 6051:from the original on 2023-03-14 6033: 6014: 5995: 5984:from the original on 2023-03-14 5966: 5947: 5928: 5909: 5884: 5859: 5840: 5821: 5802: 5777: 5752: 5741:from the original on 2023-03-14 5722: 5701: 5690:from the original on 2011-07-07 5675: 5596: 5560: 5541: 5497:from the original on 2019-04-04 5465:from the original on 2007-06-15 5451: 5440:from the original on 2016-03-03 5402: 5391:from the original on 2017-07-01 5351: 5331: 5255:from the original on 2010-11-23 5221: 5187: 5161: 5135: 5101: 5076: 4985: 4928: 4896: 4885:from the original on 2023-03-10 4870:10.4067/S0717-71942000003300002 4844: 4833:from the original on 2023-03-10 4801: 4771: 4746: 4735:from the original on 2023-03-10 4720:10.4067/S0717-71942000003300002 4694: 4592:from the original on 2023-02-11 4585:10.4067/S0716-10182011000300005 4572:Revista chilena de infectología 4548:from the original on 2017-08-26 4519:from the original on 2022-04-12 4417:from the original on 2010-03-30 4343: 3875:, general and dictator of Chile 3644:with monument of the heroes of 3329:Ascensor Conception- built 1883 3109:), spanish for "port dweller". 3060: 2842:(precipitation days 1991–2020) 2298:(precipitation days 1991–2020) 1605:earthquake of February 27, 2010 1512:needs additional citations for 1486:to declare it a disaster zone. 1444: 1384: 1199: 941:Some older works starting with 854:needs additional citations for 505:GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values) 4638: 4603: 4559: 4530: 4501: 4482: 3563:Estadio Elías Figueroa Brander 3552:Estadio Elías Figueroa Brander 1467:In 2003, Valparaíso became an 782:("principal port") of Chile. 179:Cityscape as seen from the sea 63: 13: 1: 7393:World Heritage Sites in Chile 7358:Capitals of Chilean provinces 4651:. Random House. p. 125. 4397: 3692:, Colegio San Pedro Nolasco, 3447:Parque Cultural de Valparaíso 3284: 3112: 3090:National Statistics Institute 2309:Climate data for Valparaíso ( 1663:temperatures below freezing. 1274:Liberating Expedition of Peru 1005:in 1578 and later his cousin 991:View of Valparaíso Bay (1830) 689:, by road, and is one of the 5869:. 2014-03-06. Archived from 5787:. 2009-08-13. Archived from 5762:. 2002-05-23. Archived from 5729:Webb, Michael (2012-10-24). 5610:. 2014-03-11. Archived from 5436:(in Spanish). 29 July 2003. 5316:, pp. 65–66. Coulsdon (UK): 4411:"Municipality of Valparaíso" 4348:Valparaíso cooperates with: 3674: 3279:Artillería funicular railway 3244:Valparaíso trolleybus system 3182: 2849: 1607:, which measured 8.8 on the 1492: 1469:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1287:Great Britain established a 27:Second largest city in Chile 7: 7363:Capitals of Chilean regions 6002:Puerto Deportivo Valparaíso 4966:Soto, Alonso (2010-02-27). 4753:Edmundson, William (2009). 4027: 3612:Puerto Deportivo Valparaíso 3488:and all the way to Concón. 3400:Biblioteca Santiago Severín 2786:Average precipitation days 2572:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2432:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2147:Average precipitation days 1933:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1793:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1643:Valparaíso has a very mild 1331:Peru-Bolivian Confederation 1293:Esquimalt, British Columbia 1228:Picture of the city in 1888 1155:Le Collège des Sacrés Cœurs 1149:was introduced to Chile by 1026:Valparaíso before 1846, by 32:Valparaíso (disambiguation) 10: 7409: 6324:Municipality of Valparaíso 4515:(in Spanish). 2018-05-28. 4078: 4075:Twin towns – sister cities 3978:, English singer and actor 3885:Esteban Orlando Harrington 3698:Deutsche Schule Valparaíso 3680:Educational establishments 3532:Club Deportivo Playa Ancha 3390: 3339:UNESCO World Heritage Site 3288: 3151: 3047: 2959:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2862:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2837: 2832: 2308: 2293: 2288: 1669: 1638: 1626: 1617:1730 Valparaíso earthquake 1428:1906 Valparaíso earthquake 1244:On 28 March 1814, the USS 1132:1906 Valparaíso earthquake 1117:Williamson-Balfour Company 834: 609:.municipalidaddevalparaiso 519: • Total (Metro) 29: 7069: 6995: 6977: 6934: 6886: 6848: 6805: 6772: 6761: 6725: 6648: 6635: 6581: 6512:El Mercurio de Valparaíso 6503: 6472: 6431: 6332:El Mercurio de Valparaíso 5493:(in Spanish). p. 4. 5387:(in Spanish). p. 8. 5312:Webb, Mary (ed.) (2009). 4566:Payá G., Ernesto (2011). 3712:University establishments 3686:Liceo Eduardo de la Barra 3663:ended up at Valparaíso's 3628:1959 Basketball World Cup 3605:2014 South American Games 3521: 3512:Hospital Carlos Van Buren 3461:El Mercurio de Valparaíso 3023:, first Chilean President 2920: 2912: 2900: 2890: 2880: 2868: 2859: 2785: 2711: 2641: 2571: 2501: 2431: 2361: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2241: 2193: 2146: 2072: 2002: 1932: 1862: 1792: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1621:1985 Algarrobo earthquake 1397:El Mercurio de Valparaíso 1321:On 6 June 1837, Minister 1299:El Mercurio de Valparaíso 752:El Mercurio de Valparaíso 703:Chilean National Congress 601: 589: 572: 551: 534: 526: 518: 510: 503: 480: 472: 461: 450: 446:710/km (1,800/sq mi) 442: 434: 429: 421: 413: 408: 390: 380: 375: 367: 354: 346: 334: 322: 304: 269: 257: 188: 49: 42: 6619:Artificial Mummification 6490:University of Valparaíso 5935:Muelle Deportivo Curauma 5709:PCdV – Historical Review 5517:Morrison, Allen (1992). 5318:Jane's Information Group 4392: 3952:Ernestina Pérez Barahona 3841:University of Valparaíso 3726:University of Valparaíso 3718:traditional universities 3581:Muelle Deportivo Curauma 3457:Valparaíso's newspaper, 3424:The Fundación Valparaíso 3291:Funiculars of Valparaíso 3248:Pullman-Standard Company 2986:Edificio Armada de Chile 1454:Edificio Armada de Chile 1276:sailed from Valparaíso. 964:, a supply ship sent by 943:Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna 792:traditional universities 92:Edificio Armada de Chile 6807:San Felipe de Aconcagua 6021:Velódromo Roberto Parra 5916:Fortín Prat (Fort Prat) 3946:Sergio Badilla Castillo 3925:Marsia Alexander-Clarke 3921:, English mathematician 3893:, Chilean-Mexican actor 3659:The final stage of the 3619:Velódromo Roberto Parra 3175:Container Shipping Port 1312:church of San Francisco 1218:Church of San Francisco 1113:Antony Gibbs & Sons 527: • Per capita 106:Iquique Heroes Monument 6609:Rapa Nui National Park 6495:Playa Ancha University 5686:. Capitalcultural.cl. 5633:"Sendero Bicentenario" 4022:province of Valparaíso 4002:and the American poet 3998:, the Nicaraguan poet 3990:, Chilean photographer 3958:Elvira Santa Cruz Ossa 3899:, Chilean psychiatrist 3730:Playa Ancha University 3648: 3634:won the bronze medal. 3556: 3459: 3454: 3438: 3416: 3402: 3330: 3281: 3271: 3204: 3192: 3176: 3161: 3057: 3021:Manuel Blanco Encalada 2943: 2935: 2934:A street in Valparaiso 1672:Playa Ancha University 1609:moment magnitude scale 1456: 1414: 1410: 1395: 1297: 1241: 1229: 1221: 1209: 1134: 1061: 1030: 1028:Johann Moritz Rugendas 992: 750: 495: 487: 425:10 m (30 ft) 6093:Maratón de Valparaiso 5520:The Tramways of Chile 4645:Sugden, John (2012). 3964:Alicia Herrera Rivera 3690:Lycée Jean d'Alembert 3640: 3548: 3444: 3436: 3412: 3398: 3328: 3277: 3267: 3198: 3190: 3174: 3159: 3055: 2991:Edificio Luis Cousiño 2941: 2933: 1645:Mediterranean climate 1452: 1402: 1392: 1375:Industrial Revolution 1289:South America Station 1266:Portersville, Indiana 1235: 1227: 1215: 1207: 1130: 1059: 1025: 990: 636:[balpaɾaˈiso] 553: • Summer ( 289:33.04611°S 71.61972°W 7388:Port cities in Chile 7258:Rancagua conurbation 6710: 6571:World Heritage Sites 6244:"deslumbra a Europa" 5735:Architectural Review 4680:. pp. 196–197. 4544:(in Spanish). 2017. 4004:Marion Manville Pope 3984:, Chilean astronomer 3972:, Chilean army nurse 3516:Universidad de Chile 3199:One of the historic 3191:Metro Valparaiso Map 2972:Iglesia de la Matriz 2362:Record high °C (°F) 1723:Record high °C (°F) 1521:improve this article 1159:Sacred Hearts Church 1143:Dissidents' Cemetery 1109:La Colonia Britanica 1074:California Gold Rush 1060:Valparaíso (c. 1863) 1043:Battle of Valparaíso 978:Valparaíso de Arriba 863:improve this article 794:, and several large 724:" and "jewel of the 675:Valparaíso de Arriba 443: • Density 361:Valparaíso de Arriba 294:-33.04611; -71.61972 129:Artillería funicular 7286:Chillán conurbation 6293:"Ciudades Hermanas" 6137:"Escuelas y liceos" 5954:Ecoturismo Peñuelas 5892:"Stadiums in Chile" 5548:Ascensor Concepción 5409:Trolleybus Magazine 5338:Trolleybus Magazine 4857:Historia (Santiago) 4819:10.2307/j.ctvx1ht3b 4707:Historia (Santiago) 4011:Segundo Ruiz Belvis 3970:Juana López (nurse) 3954:, Chilean physician 3887:, Chilean architect 3802:Private university 3776:Private university 3320:Ascensor Concepción 3131:Jorge Sharp Fajardo 3041:Dissidents Cemetery 3037:Cemetery Number One 2967:Landmarks include: 2954:World Heritage Site 2856: 2642:Record low °C (°F) 2502:Daily mean °C (°F) 2003:Record low °C (°F) 1863:Daily mean °C (°F) 1359:Chincha Islands War 1314:. By August 9, the 1171:Die Deutsche Schule 1066:Straits of Magellan 1041:In 1814, the naval 796:vocational colleges 761:World Heritage Site 718:Straits of Magellan 639:) is a major city, 522:$ 28.7 billion 285: / 7170:Greater Valparaíso 7151:Greater Concepción 6629:Sewell Mining Town 6623:Chinchorro Culture 6586:Churches of Chiloé 6504:Culture and sports 6426:Greater Valparaíso 6122:2014-02-23 at the 6074:2014-02-27 at the 6026:2014-03-06 at the 6007:2014-03-06 at the 5959:2014-02-26 at the 5940:2014-03-06 at the 5921:2014-03-06 at the 5852:2014-03-06 at the 5833:2014-03-06 at the 5814:2014-03-06 at the 5715:2016-03-04 at the 5684:"Capital Cultural" 5553:2013-09-25 at the 5526:2019-06-03 at the 5363:2019-04-12 at the 5280:The Santiago Times 5248:The New York Times 4513:PortalPortuario.cl 4452:2019-01-06 at the 4047:. You can help by 3937:Giancarlo Monsalve 3919:Percy John Daniell 3869:, Chilean composer 3867:Abelardo Quinteros 3851:Public university 3828:Public university 3649: 3568:Santiago Wanderers 3557: 3455: 3439: 3417: 3403: 3354:Port of Valparaíso 3331: 3282: 3272: 3205: 3193: 3177: 3162: 3160:Port of Valparaíso 3121:administered by a 3067:Greater Valparaíso 3058: 3027:Capilla del Carmen 2977:Plaza Aníbal Pinto 2944: 2936: 2854: 2311:Rodelillo Airfield 1478:On 13 April 2014, 1457: 1415: 1355:bombarded the city 1352:Casto Méndez Núñez 1242: 1230: 1222: 1210: 1151:English immigrants 1135: 1115:, Duncan Fox, and 1062: 1031: 993: 831:-speaking worlds. 663:Greater Valparaíso 473: • Rural 258:Nickname(s): 7368:Communes of Chile 7330: 7329: 7194:Greater La Serena 7028: 7027: 6716:Valparaíso Region 6678: 6677: 6614: 6592: 6537: 6536: 5760:"Fundacion LUKAS" 5682:AyerViernes S.A. 5658:"Ópera en el Mar" 5326:978-0-7106-2903-6 4912:. 13 April 2014. 4785:. 13 April 2014. 4687:978-956-324-375-8 4648:Sir Francis Drake 4616:Boletín Histórico 4496:978-3-319-29250-2 4065: 4064: 3927:, American artist 3881:, Chilean painter 3858:Notable residents 3855: 3854: 3549:Main entrance of 3314:– locally called 3123:municipal council 2928: 2927: 2846: 2845: 2302: 2301: 2196:relative humidity 1633:Peru–Chile Trench 1597: 1596: 1589: 1571: 1484:Michelle Bachelet 1480:a huge brush fire 1439:Battle of Coronel 1412:El Mercurio, 1903 1238:Adele de Dombasle 1167:The Mackay School 1163:French immigrants 1147:Football (soccer) 1105:British community 939: 938: 931: 913: 744:, and the oldest 679:Castile-La Mancha 653:Valparaíso Region 625: 624: 511: • Year 435: • City 414: • City 381: • Type 260:The Jewel of the 246:Location in Chile 18:Valparaíso, Chile 16:(Redirected from 7400: 7075:Greater Santiago 7055: 7048: 7041: 7032: 7031: 6767: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6682: 6681: 6643: 6642: 6612: 6604:Inca road system 6590: 6564: 6557: 6550: 6541: 6540: 6420: 6413: 6406: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6383: 6382: 6381: 6374: 6366: 6365: 6364: 6354: 6337: 6334:—Main newspaper 6328: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6289: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6196:. 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Robertson 3931:Roberto Ampuero 3897:Claudio Naranjo 3860: 3714: 3682: 3677: 3665:Plaza Sotomayor 3642:Plaza Sotomayor 3524: 3508: 3470:Fundacion LUKAS 3393: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3356: 3347: 3293: 3287: 3185: 3179: 3154: 3146:Patricio Aylwin 3125:, headed by an 3115: 3063: 3050: 3039:(Catholic) and 2982:Plaza Sotomayor 2876: 2861: 2852: 2847: 2787: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2303: 2148: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 1997: 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4391: 4390: 4389: 4376: 4363: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4326: 4313: 4300: 4287: 4274: 4261: 4248: 4235: 4222: 4209: 4196: 4183: 4170: 4157: 4144: 4131: 4118: 4105: 4091: 4085:Valparaíso is 4076: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4042: 4040: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4024: 3992: 3991: 3988:Sergio Larraín 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3909:Prime Minister 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3838: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3815: 3807: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3789: 3781: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3763: 3755: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3713: 3710: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3669:Ignacio Casale 3624: 3623: 3615: 3608: 3577: 3571: 3543: 3542: 3535: 3523: 3520: 3507: 3504: 3496:Cayetano Brule 3414:Arco Británico 3392: 3389: 3381: 3380: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3355: 3352: 3346: 3343: 3289:Main article: 3286: 3283: 3184: 3181: 3153: 3150: 3114: 3111: 3062: 3059: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3031:Cemeteries on 3029: 3024: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3005: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2984:including the 2979: 2974: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2874: 2866: 2865: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2783: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2709: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2304: 2300: 2299: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2244:sunshine hours 2239: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2191: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1675: 1665: 1640: 1637: 1628: 1625: 1595: 1594: 1509: 1507: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1446: 1443: 1386: 1383: 1323:Diego Portales 1201: 1198: 1122:Arco Británico 1051:Republican Era 1009:with his ship 999:with his ship 937: 936: 851: 849: 842: 836: 833: 742:public library 734:stock exchange 623: 622: 603: 599: 598: 593: 587: 586: 576: 570: 569: 559: 549: 548: 538: 532: 531: 528: 524: 523: 520: 516: 515: 512: 508: 507: 501: 500: 484: 478: 477: 474: 470: 469: 466: 459: 458: 455: 448: 447: 444: 440: 439: 436: 432: 431: 427: 426: 423: 419: 418: 415: 411: 410: 406: 405: 395: 388: 387: 382: 378: 377: 373: 372: 369: 365: 364: 358: 352: 351: 348: 344: 343: 338: 332: 331: 326: 320: 319: 306: 302: 301: 267: 266: 259: 255: 254: 245: 239: 238: 231: 230: 224: 223: 222: 221: 220: 212: 208: 202: 198: 192: 191: 190: 189: 186: 185: 178: 171: 170: 157: 150: 149: 148: 141: 134: 133: 127: 120: 119: 118: 104: 97: 96: 90: 83: 82: 81: 61: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 37:Place in Chile 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7405: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7311: 7309: 7308: 7304: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7262: 7260: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7250:Alto Hospicio 7248: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7217: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7196: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7076: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7063: 7056: 7051: 7049: 7044: 7042: 7037: 7036: 7033: 7021: 7020:Villa Alemana 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6976: 6970: 6969:Santo Domingo 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6766: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6717: 6713: 6706: 6701: 6699: 6694: 6692: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6630: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6613:Easter Island 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6565: 6560: 6558: 6553: 6551: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6471: 6465: 6464:Villa Alemana 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6421: 6416: 6414: 6409: 6407: 6402: 6401: 6398: 6389: 6388: 6387:Travel guides 6376: 6372: 6371: 6359: 6358: 6355: 6349: 6342: 6339: 6333: 6330: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6286: 6270: 6264: 6249: 6245: 6239: 6224: 6220: 6219:"El Mercurio" 6214: 6200:on 2012-03-31 6199: 6195: 6188: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6113: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6084: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6065: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6036: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6006: 6003: 5998: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5969: 5962: 5958: 5955: 5950: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5931: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5912: 5898:on 2001-12-02 5897: 5893: 5887: 5873:on 2014-03-06 5872: 5868: 5862: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5843: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5824: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5805: 5791:on 2009-08-13 5790: 5786: 5780: 5766:on 2002-05-23 5765: 5761: 5755: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5704: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5664:on 2006-10-21 5663: 5659: 5653: 5639:on 2004-08-05 5638: 5634: 5628: 5614:on 2019-02-21 5613: 5609: 5608:This is Chile 5605: 5604:"Immigration" 5599: 5592: 5587: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5544: 5537: 5536:0-9622348-2-6 5533: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5514: 5512: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5479: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5405: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5354: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5269: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5224: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5190: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5148: 5144: 5138: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5090:on 2011-11-26 5089: 5085: 5079: 5063: 5059: 5053: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4994: 4988: 4974:on 2010-03-05 4973: 4969: 4962: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4931: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4899: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4847: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4811: 4804: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4766: 4764:9780230114838 4760: 4756: 4749: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4697: 4689: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4668: 4660: 4658:9781448129508 4654: 4650: 4649: 4641: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4606: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4533: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4497: 4493: 4490: 4485: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4448: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4387: 4386:San Francisco 4382: 4377: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4362:, Switzerland 4361: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4143:, South Korea 4142: 4137: 4132: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4082: 4070: 4067: 4066: 4059: 4050: 4046: 4043:This section 4041: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3863: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3585:Lake Pañuelas 3582: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3553: 3547: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3506:Health system 3503: 3501: 3497: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3474: 3471: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3401: 3397: 3383: 3377: 3370: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3351: 3342: 3340: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3211:service, the 3210: 3209:commuter rail 3202: 3197: 3189: 3180: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3083:Villa Alemana 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3054: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000:16 remaining 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2940: 2932: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2886:Cultural: iii 2885: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2867: 2864: 2858: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2784: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2715: 2714:precipitation 2710: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242:Mean monthly 2240: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2145: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2076: 2075:precipitation 2071: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1636: 1634: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1591: 1588: 1580: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1538: – 1537: 1533: 1532:Find sources: 1526: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1510:This section 1508: 1504: 1499: 1498: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1455: 1451: 1442: 1440: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1424: 1421: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1399: 1398: 1393:Headlines of 1391: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1301: 1300: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1283:In 1826, the 1281: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1239: 1234: 1226: 1219: 1214: 1206: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1181: 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