1602:
1614:
500:
576:
905:
1630:
108:
1074:
410:
1084:, who created the universe. He is worshipped in the main temple, but Caodaists also worship the Mother Goddess, also known as the Queen Mother of the West (Diêu Trì Kim Mẫu, Tây Vương Mẫu). The symbol of the faith is the Left Eye of God, representing the dương (masculine, ordaining, positive and expansive) activity of the male creator, which is balanced by the yin (âm) activity of the feminine, nurturing and restorative mother of humanity.
2787:
36:
598:
1660:
141:
928:. In its pure form it is rarely practiced in Vietnam, but can still be seen in places with Chinese communities such as Saigon, where there is a community of Cantonese/Vietnamese Taoist priest residing in the Khánh Vân Nam Viện Pagoda. Elements of its doctrines have also been absorbed into the Vietnamese folk religion. Taoist influence is also recognisable in the
1271:
The
Chinese authorities took little interest in these sects, since, at least until the early 20th century, they limited their activities to their temples. They were autonomous structures, focusing on worship, philanthropy and literature. Yet they had embryonic Vietnamese nationalistic elements, which
583:
In the project of nation-building, the public discourse encourages the worship of ancient heroes of the
Vietnamese identity, and gods and spirits with a long-standing presence in folk religion. The relationship between the state and the local communities is flexible and dialogical in the process of
984:. It is possible that the concept of a Mother Goddess came to encompass the different spirits of nature as one only spirit manifesting itself in a variety of forms. Along history, various human heroines, emerged as protectors or healers, were deified as other manifestations of the Mother Goddess.
1647:
of the gods, as it is appropriated for social construction, is also appropriated in self-cultivation. It provides a locus for dialectical relations, between the individual and his or her social others, and between the self and the spirits, to intersect and overlap. This is especially true of the
1392:, who ordered him to build a shrine in his honor. Thu owned some land, where he built and inaugurated in 1996 a shrine to Khiêm. By 2016, it had attracted more than 10,000 visitors, and Thu had organized around the channeled messages of Khiêm a new religious movement with thousands of followers.
1154:
epidemic in 1849, which killed over a million people, Huyên was reputed to have supernatural abilities to cure the sick and the insane. His followers wore amulets bearing the
Chinese characters for Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương, a phrase that became identified, retrospectively, with the religion practiced by
571:
The
Vietnamese folk religion was suppressed in different times and ways in the 20th century. Debate and criticism of cultural destruction and loss began in the 1960s. In the beginning of the 1980s, the state returned to its policies of preserving religious culture, and the Vietnamese indigenous
825:
of the inchoate order of creation. More specifically, the linh power of an entity resides in mediation between the two levels of order and disorder which govern social transformation. The mediating entity itself shifts of status and function between one level and another, and makes meaning in
1744:
The practice of self-cultivation knits together the individual and the social in an orientation of discourse and action. The individual project gives rise to a matrix of potentials, with which the individual deals with personal crises by constructing new meanings, seen as modalities of
889:
implies the possibility of constructing various kinds of social times and history. In this way, the etho-political (ethnic) dimension is nurtured, regenerated by re-enactment, and constructed at first place, imagined and motivated in the process of forging a model of reality.
1613:
475:
Vietnamese folk religion is not an organized religious system, but a set of local worship traditions devoted to the "thần", a term which can be translated as "spirits", "gods" or with the more exhaustive locution "generative powers". These gods can be
939:
According to
Professor Liam Keelley, during the Tang dynasty native spirits were subsumed into Daoism and the Daoist view of these spirits completely replaced the original native tales. Buddhism and Daoism replaced native narratives surrounding Mount
1318:
was Âu Kiệt Lâm (1896–1941), an intellectual of half
Chinese and half Vietnamese blood, and a shaman, capable of transcending the cultural barriers of the two peoples. The primary deities of the pantheon of the sects are the Jade Emperor
1055:
in southern
Vietnam in 1926.The full name of the religion is Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ ("Great Way Third Time Redemption"). Followers also call their religion Đạo Trời ("Way of God"). Cao Đài has common roots and similarities with the
1421:(nhiên thần) of grottoes, rocks and trees, rivers and oceans, rain and lightning, generative or regenerative powers of the cosmos or a locality, with geo-physical or anthropomorphic representations (sometimes using
872:
Linh has also been described as the ability to set up spatial and temporal boundaries, represent and identify metaphors, setting apart and linking together differences. The boundary is crossed by practices such as
1601:
1820:
are shrines of deified heroes, emperors, and other virtuous historical persons. Actually, other terms, often of local usage, exist. For example, in middle
Vietnam one of the terms used is cảnh, and in
1075:
1842:. In English, in order to avoid confusion with Vietnamese Buddhist temples, đền and other words for of the Vietnamese folk religion's temples are commonly translated as "shrine".
3386:
3366:
2694:
3529:
3391:
2811:
1759:(meaning "temple") in Vietnamese language. In the northern regions, the miếu are temples hosting the "main worship" of a deity and usually located at secluded places, while
1449:
means the tutelary deity that is enshrined in each village's communal temple in
Vietnam. The deity is believed to guard the village against disasters and bring it fortune.
1214:
is an organised
Vietnamese folk religion founded in the late 1800s. It has roughly 80,000 followers scattered throughout southern Vietnam, but especially concentrated in
1466:, the immortals (tiên), the holy sages (thánh), including the local "divine ensembles" (chư vị). They are mostly Vietnamese formations, but often with sinicised motifs.
885:). Spiritual mediumship makes the individual the center of actualising possibilities, acts and events indicative of the will of the gods. The association of linh with
2851:
980:) and the various mother goddesses, constituting a central feature of Vietnamese folk religion. The worship of female goddesses by the Vietnamese dates back to
1877:
3381:
499:
3371:
3356:
3351:
1622:
82:
1771:
are temples for "emissary" or "secondary worship" located nearer or within habitation places. In southern regions the two categories tend to blur.
575:
3610:
3592:
3187:
17:
3742:
1566:
2759:
3464:
1256:
means the "Way of Light". They are part of the broad milieu of Chinese-Vietnamese religious sectarianism. After the 17th century, when the
440:
3457:
3376:
2674:
2112:
4168:
4060:
1098:
2654:
2791:
2137:
2715:
New Religions and State's Response to Religious Diversification in Contemporary Vietnam: Tensions from the Reinvention of the Sacred
4109:
3502:
3497:
2948:
584:
religious renewal; both the state and the common people are mutual protagonists in the recent revival of Vietnamese folk religion.
211:
1168:
3154:
2818:
364:
3800:
3142:
2977:
2733:"The Karma of Love: Buddhist Karmic Discourses in Confucian and Daoist Voices in Vietnamese Tales of the Marvelous and Uncanny"
841:
who crows at the crack between night and morning, but also rivers dividing landmasses, and other "liminal" entities. There are
3534:
3147:
3050:
2572:
2413:
2265:
2246:
2227:
2208:
2189:
2170:
2098:
2077:
904:
4222:
4131:
3492:
3487:
3192:
2899:
193:
3035:
1388:. A local carpenter known simply as "Master Thu" claimed to have been visited at night by the spirit of 16th-century sage
3605:
3600:
3587:
3361:
925:
2321:
1011:
is viewed as the supreme, originating god, but he is regarded as abstract and rarely worshipped. The supreme goddess is
1439:(nhân thần), originally either consecrated by villagers or installed by the Vietnamese or Chinese rulers. They include
1443:, founding patriarchs, able men and founders of arts and crafts. This category can include impure spirits (dâm thần).
869:
is a "cultural logic of symbolic relations", that mediates polarity in a dialectic governing reproduction and change.
4309:
4274:
3978:
3727:
3683:
3120:
3040:
2961:
2769:
2722:
2704:
2684:
2644:
3555:
3045:
3030:
1159:
movement associated with the latter. The faith has roughly 15,000 adherents mostly concentrated in the provinces of
3985:
3429:
1629:
433:
3854:
3737:
3732:
3110:
1546:
107:
4092:
3759:
3715:
3197:
3017:
2761:
Opusculum de Sectis apud Sinenses et Tunkinenses: A Small Treatise on the Sects among the Chinese and Tonkinese
1675:
Within the field of self-cultivation, action of self-empowering is expressed in a cluster of Vietnamese terms:
1107:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương ("Way of the Strange Fragrance from the Precious Mountain") is a religious tradition with
829:
This attribute is often associated with goddesses, animal motifs such as the snake (an amphibious animal), the
188:
1506:
4151:
3749:
3572:
3105:
2877:
2550:
1878:"Completed results of the 2019 Viet Nam population and housing census - General Statistics Office of Vietnam"
1526:
4319:
3906:
3871:
3452:
3316:
2982:
2941:
1530:
1344:
sects were shared with the Caodaist religion. From 1975 onwards, the activities and temples of some of the
777:
3025:
1389:
4234:
3837:
3793:
3673:
3550:
3311:
3252:
3088:
2997:
2992:
2987:
1164:
909:
503:
426:
3918:
3901:
3878:
3700:
3507:
3479:
3343:
3207:
3132:
3115:
1542:
997:
was revived since the 1970s in North Vietnam and then in the newly unified country. In the pantheon of
921:) are temples devoted to the worship of Confucius that in imperial times also functioned as academies.
860:
636:
394:
1825:
1782:
Another categorisation proposed by observing the vernacular usage is that miếu are temples enshrining
1514:
4087:
3823:
3788:
3424:
3412:
3182:
3177:
3098:
572:
religion was soon promoted as the backbone of "a progressive culture, imbued with national identity".
2514:
3875:
3818:
3705:
3695:
3678:
3567:
3137:
3007:
155:
61:
1381:
4314:
4227:
4050:
4020:
3938:
3896:
3321:
3306:
3164:
2934:
1406:
1184:
1176:
752:
389:
271:
249:
2617:
1132:
4190:
3783:
3771:
3690:
3640:
3326:
2804:
2509:
2495:"From Spiritual Homes to National Shrines: Religious Traditions and Nation-Building in Vietnam"
1821:
489:
477:
178:
78:
3660:
2067:
4210:
4200:
4175:
4119:
3911:
3436:
3419:
3301:
2872:
2494:
1836:("palace") refers to a templar complex of multiple buildings, while one single building is a
579:
Religious ceremonial objects used by Vietnamese people during the reign of the Nguyễn dynasty
522:
332:
285:
1772:
1180:
496:
preserves narratives telling of the actions of many of the cosmic gods and cultural heroes.
112:
4195:
4185:
4180:
4070:
3973:
3849:
3810:
3778:
3560:
3469:
3407:
3172:
3076:
1857:
1586:
1570:
1188:
915:
The Vietnamese folk religion fosters Confucian values; For example, Temples of Literature (
674:
560:
493:
162:
1494:
1080:, literally the "Highest Lord" or "Highest Power"), is the highest deity, the same as the
8:
4205:
4141:
4077:
4010:
4000:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3891:
3866:
3754:
3577:
3521:
3289:
3264:
3247:
3242:
3230:
3225:
3127:
1852:
1554:
1068:
1040:
556:
533:
as a form of Vietnamese indigenous religion, since it brings together the worship of the
457:
239:
221:
183:
4045:
1215:
4267:
4244:
4239:
4136:
4082:
4037:
3951:
3766:
3722:
3645:
3628:
3093:
2969:
2605:
2527:
1502:
204:
148:
131:
87:
3650:
1538:
960:
933:
512:
4124:
4104:
4065:
4015:
3995:
3946:
3861:
3710:
3668:
2894:
2889:
2765:
2718:
2700:
2680:
2640:
2609:
2568:
2073:
1666:
1651:
1534:
1518:
1272:
evolved along the development of their political activity in the early 20th century.
1160:
1015:
899:
465:
337:
298:
293:
244:
2565:
The Divine Eye and the Diaspora: Vietnamese Syncretism Becomes Transpacific Caodaism
2541:"God's Chosen People": Race, Religion and Anti-Colonial Struggle in French Indochina
2531:
1562:
1463:
1006:
4283:
4217:
4158:
4146:
4099:
4025:
3928:
3886:
3259:
3215:
3002:
2846:
2744:
2597:
2519:
1776:
1634:
1550:
1510:
1446:
1172:
602:
540:
348:
327:
319:
309:
122:
2582:
1385:
4114:
3990:
3923:
3237:
3220:
2915:
2634:
1618:
552:
384:
1482:
1140:
1081:
991:
capable of merging the material and the spiritual world), temples, and rituals,
732:
719:
706:
4288:
4055:
3333:
2841:
1811:
1428:
1020:. The pantheon of the religion includes many other gods, both male and female.
977:
518:
485:
414:
263:
2523:
1350:
religions have been absorbed into sects of Caodaism, while others, especially
1136:
1102:
616:
4303:
3060:
3055:
2827:
2601:
1775:
are family shrines of northern and middle Vietnam, equivalent to the Chinese
1574:
1486:
1478:
1143:
range on the Vietnamese-Cambodian border, where Huyên claimed to be a living
51:
3269:
2749:
2732:
1522:
1474:
1422:
1257:
1116:
792:
785:
781:
544:
528:
481:
234:
71:
2655:"Worshipping the Mother Goddess. The Dao Mao movement in Northern Vietnam"
1578:
1470:
1261:
1260:
saw its power decline, a large number of Minh sects started to emerge in
1243:
1156:
1057:
1052:
2856:
1783:
1498:
1436:
1418:
1281:
movements appeared in southern Vietnam in the 19th and 20th centuries:
1048:
981:
886:
878:
492:
of a specific family. Ancestral gods are often deified heroic persons.
469:
776:, meaning "constitutive principle of a being", "essence of a thing", "
765:
687:
668:
654:
622:
517:
is a distinct form of Vietnamese shamanism, giving prominence to some
2619:
Pew Forum: The Global Religious Landscape 2010 - Indigenous religions
1791:
1787:
1455:
1326:
1128:
1124:
882:
874:
2926:
2539:
1795:
1558:
1432:
1247:
1108:
1034:
929:
924:
Taoism is believed to have been introduced into Vietnam during the
2291:
635:, that is the power of a deity to affect the world of the living.
2957:
2544:, Asia Research Institute of the National University of Singapore
1582:
1151:
838:
822:
694:
2796:
2583:"Divination and Politics in Southern Vietnam: Roots of Caodaism"
837:
which bears aspects associated with both birds and mammals, the
2786:
1606:
1459:
1265:
1144:
1112:
988:
628:
548:
464:) is a group of spiritual beliefs and practices adhered by the
4163:
2065:
1051:
Vietnamese folk religion formally established in the city of
632:
2113:"The Daoist Appropriation/Subordination of Bạch Hạc Spirits"
1380:("School of Teaching Goodness") emerged in the 1990s in the
597:
2696:
Caodai Spiritism: A Study of Religion in Vietnamese Society
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
1659:
1590:
1440:
1414:
2636:
Vietnamese Supernaturalism: Views from the southern region
140:
2389:
1120:
834:
830:
2367:
2365:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2272:
1648:
experiences provided through shamanic practices such as
1246:
roots in common with, yet pre-date and have influenced,
987:
As a distinct movement with its own priesthood (made of
589:
2138:"Elephant Mountain and the Erasure of Việt Indigeneity"
791:
Linh is the mediating bivalency, the "medium", between
2558:, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University
2401:
1937:
1901:
468:. About 86% of the population in Vietnam are reported
2377:
2362:
2339:
2327:
2066:
Bryan S. Turner; Oscar Salemink (25 September 2014).
1891:
1889:
1887:
1338:
Symbolic, liturgical and theological features of the
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2028:
2026:
1999:
2615:
2253:
2177:
2160:
2158:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1968:
1925:
1913:
1477:, and other Southeast Asian ethnic origin, such as
2303:
2059:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1884:
2461:
2449:
2432:
2040:
2023:
2011:
1596:
1405:A rough typological identification of Vietnamese
1023:
970:("Mother Religion") refers to the worship of the
77:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
4301:
2420:
2234:
2215:
2196:
2155:
2086:
1980:
1837:
1831:
1815:
1805:
1799:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1664:
1649:
1642:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1330:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1276:
1251:
1237:
1231:
1222:
1209:
1203:
1195:
1088:
1012:
1004:
998:
992:
971:
965:
946:
941:
916:
864:
854:
848:
842:
816:
806:
796:
771:
763:
758:
742:
730:
725:
717:
712:
704:
699:
684:
678:
665:
660:
651:
646:
640:
620:
610:
534:
526:
510:
2672:
2297:
1949:
1087:
1593:telling the actions of many of these Deities.
795:, that is "disorder" and "order", with order (
2942:
2812:
2673:Goossaert, Vincent; Palmer, David A. (2011),
1131:Đoàn Minh Huyên (1807–1856) and continued by
434:
1047:"Way of the Highest Power") is an organised
747:"spirit of a dead person that has 'gone over
2548:
2537:
2285:
1907:
1458:or court-like pantheons inherited from the
737:"spirit of a dead person before 'going over
2949:
2935:
2819:
2805:
1753:Vietnamese temples are generically called
1423:iconographic styles of Buddhist derivation
893:
833:which forgoes day in favour of night, the
472:, but are associated with this tradition.
441:
427:
2748:
2513:
2567:, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
2552:What Are Vietnam's Indigenous Religions?
2412:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHoàng2017 (
1658:
1628:
1612:
1600:
1303:("Way of the Foreseeable Kindness") and
908:Altars to disciples of Confucius at the
903:
596:
574:
498:
106:
27:Ethnic religion of the Vietnamese people
3016:
2662:Explorations in Southeast Asian Studies
2562:
2069:Routledge Handbook of Religions in Asia
1895:
1501:, gave rise to the Vietnamese people),
1409:categorises them into four categories:
1365:
1242:is a group of five religions that have
1194:
751:". These concepts derived from Chinese
14:
4302:
2692:
2676:The Religious Question in Modern China
2580:
2492:
2395:
2383:
2371:
2356:
2333:
2309:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1493:Some of the most popular Deities are:
1127:elements, originally practiced by the
506:– a symbol of Vietnamese folk religion
3535:National Defense and Security Council
2930:
2800:
2712:
2407:
2264:sfn error: no target: CITEREFVũ2006 (
2245:sfn error: no target: CITEREFVũ2006 (
2226:sfn error: no target: CITEREFVũ2006 (
2207:sfn error: no target: CITEREFVũ2006 (
2188:sfn error: no target: CITEREFVũ2006 (
2169:sfn error: no target: CITEREFVũ2006 (
2097:sfn error: no target: CITEREFVũ2006 (
1870:
1693:"to cultivate gentleness/wisdom", or
1067:
805:in Chinese) preferred over disorder (
111:Symbol of Vietnamese folk religion –
2956:
2900:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
2757:
1748:
1699:"to correct", "to repair"; the word
1139:sect. The name itself refers to the
29:
3362:Permanent Member of the Secretariat
2730:
2632:
2476:
2455:
2443:
2426:
2142:Le Minh Khai's SEAsian History Blog
2117:Le Minh Khai's SEAsian History Blog
2053:
2034:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1974:
1962:
1687:"self-perfecting with meditation",
1291:("Way of the Enlightened Reason"),
1285:("Way of the Enlightened Master"),
926:first Chinese domination of Vietnam
24:
2652:
2549:Hoskins (a), Janet Alison (2012),
2538:Hoskins (b), Janet Alison (2012),
2259:
2240:
2221:
2202:
2183:
2164:
2092:
1681:"to correct", "to improve", as in
1609:performing a ritual at the temple.
587:
67:for transliterated languages, and
47:of its non-English content, using
25:
4331:
2826:
2780:
1705:"to repair", "to correct", as in
1489:, and the rocks Neak Ta (Ông Tà).
645:indicate a large semantic field:
3367:History of central officeholders
2785:
1297:("Way of the Temple of Light"),
673:"prodigious manifestation" (see
408:
139:
34:
4169:Traditional musical instruments
2679:, University of Chicago Press,
2322:Đôi nét về đạo tứ ân hiếu nghĩa
2315:
2130:
2105:
1717:"to cure an illness"; the word
2563:Hoskins, Janet Alison (2015),
1597:Forms of worship and practices
1384:, a rural area of the city of
1024:Indigenous syncretic movements
637:Compound Sino-Vietnamese words
627:) has a meaning equivalent to
83:multilingual support templates
18:Vietnamese indigenous religion
13:
1:
3387:Central Inspection Commission
2878:Northeast China folk religion
2737:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
2072:. Routledge. pp. 240ff.
1864:
910:Temple of Literature of Hanoi
609:In Vietnamese folk religion,
2764:. Cornell University Press.
2616:Pew Research Center (2012),
1621:making offerings to the god
462:tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam
7:
3530:Central Military Commission
3392:Central Military Commission
2298:Goossaert & Palmer 2011
1845:
1711:"correction", "repair", or
1395:
1221:
1028:
815:in Chinese). As bivalency,
590:
10:
4336:
3498:Supreme People's Procuracy
2693:Oliver, Victor L. (1976),
2485:
1400:
1362:, have remained distinct.
1309:("Way of the New Light").
1096:
1032:
958:
954:
897:
566:
488:or ancestral gods and the
4261:
4036:
3937:
3845:
3836:
3809:
3636:
3627:
3586:
3543:
3520:
3478:
3445:
3400:
3342:
3297:
3288:
3206:
3163:
3084:
3075:
2968:
2908:
2865:
2834:
2713:Hoang, Chung Van (2017),
2524:10.1007/s12140-011-9156-x
1729:"to cure", "to heal", in
1633:Ceremonial procession of
1549:, Thiều Dương Thánh Mẫu,
947:
770:is itself a variation of
764:
731:
718:
705:
692:(to prayers, etc.)" (see
685:
666:
652:
621:
601:Ceremonial procession of
551:, as well as elements of
4310:Vietnamese folk religion
2885:Vietnamese folk religion
2792:Vietnamese folk religion
2758:Dror, Olga, ed. (2002).
2602:10.1177/0037768610375520
1462:patterns, headed by the
1327:Queen Mother of the West
454:Vietnamese folk religion
230:Vietnamese folk religion
2581:Jammes, Jerémy (2010),
1828:a native term is khom.
1741:"to save the country".
894:Confucianism and Taoism
521:into its pantheon. The
484:, community or kinship
272:Vietnamese martial arts
3979:Language and computers
3728:Science and Technology
3488:Supreme People's Court
3430:Deputy Prime Ministers
3221:Hong (Red) River Delta
2750:10.1525/vs.2021.16.3.1
2731:Mai, Cuong T. (2021).
2493:Roszko, Edyta (2012),
1838:
1832:
1816:
1806:
1800:
1798:), or family chapels (
1767:
1761:
1755:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1671:ritual being performed
1665:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1626:
1610:
1547:Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh
1376:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1331:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1277:
1252:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1089:
1044:
1013:
1005:
999:
993:
972:
966:
942:
917:
912:
865:
855:
849:
843:
817:
807:
797:
772:
759:
743:
726:
724:"spirit of a person",
713:
700:
679:
661:
647:
641:
611:
606:
580:
539:or local spirits with
535:
527:
511:
507:
461:
115:
4211:Person Dignity Theory
2873:Chinese folk religion
2794:at Wikimedia Commons
2653:Vu, Tu Anh T (2006),
1735:"to save souls", and
1662:
1632:
1617:Vietnamese people of
1616:
1605:Vietnamese people of
1604:
907:
898:Further information:
600:
578:
523:government of Vietnam
502:
110:
3733:Traditional medicine
3611:Self-Defence Militia
3155:World Heritage Sites
3111:Environmental issues
2639:, Psychology Press,
1858:Vietnamese mythology
1762:đình, đền, điện, đài
1587:Vietnamese mythology
1497:(who, with his wife
1377:Minh Đường Trung Tân
1368:Minh Đường Trung Tân
1322:Ngọc Hoàng Thượng Đế
1264:, especially around
1205:Đạo Tứ Ân Hiếu Nghĩa
1197:Đạo Tứ Ân Hiếu Nghĩa
1099:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương
826:different contexts.
639:containing the term
494:Vietnamese mythology
365:World Heritage Sites
45:specify the language
43:This article should
4320:Religion in Vietnam
4206:Ho Chi Minh Thought
3382:Central Secretariat
2633:Đõ̂, Thiện (2003),
2398:, pp. 364–365.
2300:, pp. 100–102.
1853:Indigenous religion
1826:Quảng Ngãi province
1723:"to rescue", as in
1039:The Cao Đài faith (
4245:Vietnamese studies
3957:Overseas community
3750:Telecommunications
3503:Procurator-General
3458:Standing Committee
3148:Endangered species
1822:Quảng Nam province
1673:
1639:
1637:in Vân Côn village
1627:
1611:
1507:Tản Viên Sơn Thánh
1503:The Four Immortals
1413:Heavenly Deities (
1069:[kāːwɗâːj]
913:
607:
581:
508:
415:Vietnam portal
132:Culture of Vietnam
116:
4297:
4296:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4223:Traditional games
3907:Human trafficking
3832:
3831:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3516:
3515:
3453:National Assembly
3372:National Congress
3357:General Secretary
3352:Central Committee
3317:Foreign relations
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3253:Central Highlands
3071:
3070:
3036:Chinese dominated
2924:
2923:
2895:Yao folk religion
2890:Tai folk religion
2790:Media related to
2574:978-0-824-85140-8
2410:, pp. 59–85.
2262:, pp. 33–34.
2186:, pp. 28–30.
2079:978-1-317-63646-5
2008:, pp. 12–13.
1977:, pp. 10–11.
1946:, pp. 35–36.
1777:ancestral shrines
1749:Places of worship
1390:Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm
1382:Vĩnh Bảo District
1135:, founder of the
900:Taoism in Vietnam
525:also categorises
466:Vietnamese people
451:
450:
299:Vietnamese poetry
294:Vietnamese comics
105:
104:
85:may also be used.
16:(Redirected from
4327:
4277:
4270:
3935:
3934:
3843:
3842:
3674:Renewable energy
3664:
3656:
3634:
3633:
3541:
3540:
3340:
3339:
3312:Fatherland Front
3295:
3294:
3161:
3160:
3082:
3081:
3014:
3013:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2909:General concepts
2866:Asian traditions
2847:Folk Catholicism
2821:
2814:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2775:
2754:
2752:
2727:
2709:
2689:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2612:
2587:
2577:
2559:
2557:
2545:
2534:
2517:
2499:
2480:
2474:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2360:
2354:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2286:Hoskins (b) 2012
2283:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2038:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1908:Hoskins (a) 2012
1905:
1899:
1893:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1841:
1835:
1819:
1814:of a place; and
1812:tutelary Deities
1809:
1803:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1745:perfectibility.
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1670:
1655:
1646:
1585:and others. The
1527:Mẫu Thượng Thiên
1479:Po Yan Inu Nagar
1429:Tutelary Deities
1379:
1370:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1280:
1255:
1241:
1235:
1226:
1216:Tri Tôn District
1213:
1207:
1199:
1092:
1090:Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương
1079:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1019:
1010:
1002:
996:
975:
969:
950:
949:
945:
920:
868:
858:
852:
846:
820:
810:
800:
775:
769:
768:
762:
750:
746:
740:
736:
735:
729:
723:
722:
716:
710:
709:
703:
691:
690:
682:
672:
671:
664:
658:
657:
650:
644:
626:
625:
614:
593:
538:
532:
519:mother goddesses
516:
504:Five-color flags
486:tutelary deities
443:
436:
429:
413:
412:
411:
143:
134:
118:
117:
100:
97:
91:
76:
70:
66:
60:
56:
50:
38:
37:
30:
21:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4249:
4032:
3933:
3919:Public holidays
3902:Sex trafficking
3828:
3805:
3701:Five-Year Plans
3662:
3654:
3615:
3590:
3588:Public Security
3582:
3539:
3512:
3508:Military Courts
3474:
3441:
3396:
3344:Communist Party
3338:
3276:
3202:
3198:Electoral units
3159:
3116:Protected areas
3067:
3046:French colonial
3012:
2964:
2955:
2925:
2920:
2916:Lower mythology
2904:
2861:
2830:
2825:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2725:
2707:
2687:
2657:
2647:
2624:
2622:
2585:
2575:
2555:
2515:10.1.1.467.6835
2497:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2273:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2041:
2033:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1848:
1810:are shrines of
1751:
1599:
1589:is the body of
1531:Mẫu Thượng Ngàn
1403:
1398:
1372:
1312:The founder of
1228:
1201:
1169:Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu
1155:Huyên, and the
1105:
1097:Main articles:
1095:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1037:
1031:
1026:
963:
957:
902:
896:
748:
738:
711:"efficacious",
595:
569:
447:
409:
407:
400:
399:
395:National anthem
380:
379:
370:
369:
360:
359:
343:
342:
323:
322:
304:
303:
289:
288:
277:
276:
267:
266:
255:
254:
225:
224:
199:
198:
174:
173:
130:
101:
95:
92:
86:
74:
68:
64:
62:transliteration
58:
54:
48:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4333:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4315:Folk religions
4312:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4279:
4278:
4271:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4006:Folk religions
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3943:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3881:hybrid variant
3869:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3824:Rail transport
3821:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3684:Power stations
3681:
3676:
3666:
3658:
3655:("Renovation")
3648:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3547:
3545:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3425:Prime Minister
3422:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3413:Vice President
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3188:District-level
3185:
3180:
3178:Municipalities
3175:
3169:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3121:National parks
3113:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3099:Climate change
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2842:Folk Orthodoxy
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2782:
2781:External links
2779:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2755:
2728:
2723:
2710:
2705:
2690:
2685:
2670:
2650:
2645:
2630:
2613:
2596:(3): 357–371,
2590:Social Compass
2578:
2573:
2560:
2546:
2535:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2460:
2448:
2431:
2419:
2400:
2388:
2386:, p. 360.
2376:
2374:, p. 359.
2361:
2359:, p. 358.
2338:
2336:, p. 357.
2326:
2314:
2302:
2290:
2271:
2252:
2233:
2214:
2195:
2176:
2154:
2129:
2104:
2085:
2078:
2058:
2039:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1979:
1967:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1883:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1750:
1747:
1598:
1595:
1591:holy narrative
1543:Đức Thánh Trần
1491:
1490:
1485:), Cá Ông the
1467:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1426:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1371:
1364:
1353:Minh Đường Đạo
1300:Minh Thiện Đạo
1294:Minh Đường Đạo
1244:Tiên Thiên Đạo
1227:
1220:
1211:Đạo Hiếu Nghĩa
1200:
1193:
1094:
1086:
1058:Tiên Thiên Đạo
1033:Main article:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
978:Mother Goddess
959:Main article:
956:
953:
895:
892:
850:Nguyễn Bá Linh
605:, 19th century
594:
586:
568:
565:
490:ancestral gods
478:nature deities
449:
448:
446:
445:
438:
431:
423:
420:
419:
418:
417:
402:
401:
398:
397:
392:
387:
381:
377:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
361:
357:
356:
355:
352:
351:
345:
344:
341:
340:
335:
330:
324:
318:
317:
316:
313:
312:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
290:
284:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
268:
262:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
226:
220:
219:
218:
215:
214:
208:
207:
201:
200:
197:
196:
191:
186:
181:
175:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
159:
158:
152:
151:
145:
144:
136:
135:
127:
126:
103:
102:
81:. Knowledge's
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4332:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3986:Ethnic groups
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Air transport
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3706:Manufacturing
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:Foreign trade
3694:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3679:Nuclear power
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3493:Chief Justice
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:South Central
3246:
3244:
3243:North Central
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Commune-level
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3062:
3061:South Vietnam
3059:
3057:
3056:North Vietnam
3054:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2828:Folk religion
2822:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2773:
2771:9780877277323
2767:
2763:
2762:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2724:9783319584997
2720:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2706:9789004045477
2702:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:9780226304168
2682:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2646:9780415307994
2642:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2576:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2479:, p. 21.
2478:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2458:, p. 18.
2457:
2452:
2446:, p. 16.
2445:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2415:
2409:
2404:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2294:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2267:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2243:, p. 32.
2242:
2237:
2229:
2224:, p. 33.
2223:
2218:
2210:
2205:, p. 31.
2204:
2199:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2167:, p. 27.
2166:
2161:
2159:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2100:
2095:, p. 30.
2094:
2089:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2056:, p. 15.
2055:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2037:, p. 14.
2036:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2020:, p. 13.
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1996:, p. 11.
1995:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1934:, p. 35.
1933:
1928:
1922:, p. 33.
1921:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1525:' Goddesses (
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:Lạc Long Quân
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1332:Tây Vương Mẫu
1328:
1323:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1076:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1001:
995:
990:
985:
983:
979:
974:
968:
962:
952:
944:
937:
935:
931:
927:
922:
919:
911:
906:
901:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
870:
867:
862:
861:Trần Hưng Đạo
859:gods such as
857:
851:
847:gods such as
845:
840:
836:
832:
827:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
774:
767:
761:
756:
755:
745:
734:
728:
721:
715:
708:
702:
697:
696:
689:
681:
676:
670:
663:
656:
649:
643:
638:
634:
630:
624:
618:
613:
604:
599:
592:
585:
577:
573:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
531:
530:
524:
520:
515:
514:
505:
501:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
444:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
424:
422:
421:
416:
406:
405:
404:
403:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
374:
373:
366:
363:
362:
354:
353:
350:
347:
346:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
321:
315:
314:
311:
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
287:
281:
280:
273:
270:
269:
265:
259:
258:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
223:
217:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
202:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
168:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
146:
142:
138:
137:
133:
129:
128:
124:
120:
119:
114:
109:
99:
96:November 2021
89:
84:
80:
73:
63:
53:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4228:Martial arts
4051:Architecture
4021:Christianity
4005:
3939:Demographics
3897:Prostitution
3855:Universities
3801:Water supply
3651:
3561:Border Guard
3556:Ground Force
3544:Armed forces
3322:Human rights
3307:Constitution
3270:Mekong Delta
2884:
2835:Christianity
2784:
2760:
2740:
2736:
2717:, Springer,
2714:
2695:
2675:
2665:
2661:
2635:
2623:, retrieved
2618:
2593:
2589:
2564:
2551:
2540:
2505:
2501:
2451:
2429:, p. 3.
2422:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2288:, p. 3.
2255:
2236:
2217:
2198:
2179:
2146:. Retrieved
2144:. 2015-11-21
2141:
2132:
2121:. Retrieved
2119:. 2015-11-26
2116:
2107:
2088:
2068:
2061:
2013:
2001:
1970:
1965:, p. 9.
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1896:Hoskins 2015
1872:
1830:
1781:
1752:
1743:
1674:
1640:
1523:Four Palaces
1492:
1483:Thiên Y A Na
1456:hierarchical
1404:
1373:
1337:
1311:
1306:Minh Tân Đạo
1282:
1274:
1270:
1258:Ming dynasty
1229:
1202:
1149:
1133:Huỳnh Phú Sổ
1117:Confusianism
1106:
1062:
1049:monotheistic
1038:
986:
964:
938:
923:
914:
871:
828:
812:
802:
793:âm and dương
790:
786:perspicacity
782:intelligence
753:
693:
683:"responsive
608:
582:
570:
545:Confucianism
509:
474:
453:
452:
390:Coat of arms
250:Christianity
235:Confucianism
229:
93:
79:ISO 639 code
75:}}
69:{{
65:}}
59:{{
55:}}
49:{{
44:
4191:Nationalism
4142:News Agency
4093:Ingredients
3784:Expressways
3772:Visa policy
3738:Measurement
3691:Foreign aid
3641:Agriculture
3578:Coast Guard
3446:Legislative
3041:Monarchical
3026:Prehistoric
2743:(3): 1–76.
2396:Jammes 2010
2384:Jammes 2010
2372:Jammes 2010
2357:Jammes 2010
2334:Jammes 2010
2310:Oliver 1976
1944:Roszko 2012
1932:Roszko 2012
1920:Roszko 2012
1784:nature gods
1635:Thành hoàng
1571:Quán Thế Âm
1551:Bà Chúa Kho
1515:Chử Đồng Tử
1511:Thánh Gióng
1469:Deities of
1447:Thành hoàng
1437:progenitors
1431:or deified
1419:nature gods
1359:Minh Lý Đạo
1315:Minh Lý Đạo
1288:Minh Lý Đạo
1283:Minh Sư Đạo
1262:Cochinchina
1157:millenarian
1093:and Hòa Hảo
1065:Vietnamese:
1060:doctrines.
1045:Đạo Cao Đài
936:religions.
879:inspiration
701:linh-nghiệm
648:linh-thiêng
603:Thành hoàng
588:Concept of
553:Catholicism
470:irreligious
4304:Categories
4201:Trotskyism
4176:Philosophy
4152:Newspapers
4137:Television
4132:Mass media
4120:Literature
3912:Corruption
3760:Censorship
3743:Inventions
3716:Automotive
3663:(currency)
3420:Government
3302:Censorship
3106:Ecoregions
2857:Folk saint
2668:(1): 27–44
2408:Hoàng 2017
2148:2016-10-15
2123:2016-10-15
1865:References
1792:water gods
1788:earth gods
1773:Nhà thờ họ
1619:Đàng Trong
1563:Ngọc Hoàng
1555:Bà Chúa Xứ
1464:Ngọc Hoàng
1415:thiên thần
1325:) and the
1185:Tiền Giang
1082:Ngọc Hoàng
1041:Vietnamese
1014:Thánh Mẫu
1007:Ngọc Hoàng
982:prehistory
887:liminality
744:hương-linh
659:"sacred",
458:Vietnamese
333:Television
286:Literature
172:Traditions
113:Cờ ngũ sắc
4196:Socialism
4186:Communism
4181:Anarchism
4110:Festivals
4071:Animation
3974:Phonology
3850:Education
3811:Transport
3779:Transport
3711:Standards
3573:Air Force
3480:Judiciary
3470:Elections
3437:Ministers
3408:President
3401:Executive
3377:Politburo
3265:Southeast
3231:Northwest
3226:Northeast
3173:Provinces
3165:Divisions
3077:Geography
2983:Dynasties
2852:Mormonism
2699:, BRILL,
2625:March 18,
2610:144754326
2510:CiteSeerX
2508:: 25–41,
2502:East Asia
1796:fire gods
1559:Thần Nông
1535:Mẫu Thoải
1519:Liễu Hạnh
1487:Whale God
1433:ancestors
1386:Hải Phòng
1181:Vĩnh Long
1177:Sóc Trăng
1165:Đồng Tháp
1150:During a
1125:Yiguandao
1063:Cao Đài (
1016:Liễu Hạnh
883:shamanism
875:sacrifice
823:metonymic
727:vong-linh
675:xian ling
662:linh-hiển
561:Theosophy
557:Spiritism
358:Monuments
212:Festivals
163:Languages
4284:Category
4078:Clothing
4011:Buddhism
4001:Religion
3969:Alphabet
3964:Language
3892:Gambling
3872:COVID-19
3867:HIV/AIDS
3794:Airports
3789:Railways
3755:Internet
3606:Security
3522:Military
3465:Chairman
3290:Politics
3260:Southern
3216:Northern
3143:Molluscs
3128:Wildlife
3051:Republic
3018:Timeline
2998:Monarchs
2993:Military
2988:Economic
2978:Capitals
2962:articles
2532:52084986
2477:Đõ̂ 2003
2456:Đõ̂ 2003
2444:Đõ̂ 2003
2427:Đõ̂ 2003
2324:. gov.vn
2054:Đõ̂ 2003
2035:Đõ̂ 2003
2018:Đõ̂ 2003
2006:Đõ̂ 2003
1994:Đõ̂ 2003
1975:Đõ̂ 2003
1963:Đõ̂ 2003
1846:See also
1801:gia miếu
1738:cứu nước
1726:cứu chữa
1714:chữa trị
1708:sửa chữa
1667:lên đồng
1652:lên đồng
1575:Táo Quân
1454:Various
1396:Features
1347:Minh Đạo
1341:Minh Đạo
1278:Minh Đạo
1253:Minh Đạo
1248:Caodaism
1239:Đạo Minh
1233:Minh Đạo
1224:Minh Đạo
1208:or just
1161:An Giang
1141:Thất Sơn
1109:Buddhist
1053:Tây Ninh
1035:Caodaism
1029:Caodaism
930:Caodaist
918:Văn Miếu
821:is also
714:linh-hồn
680:linh-ứng
541:Buddhism
482:national
240:Buddhism
222:Religion
189:Marriage
184:Clothing
123:a series
121:Part of
4268:Outline
4240:Theater
4235:Symbols
4083:Cuisine
4038:Culture
3952:Eunuchs
3838:Society
3767:Tourism
3723:Poverty
3652:Doi Moi
3646:Banking
3629:Economy
3593:Militia
3238:Central
3208:Regions
3133:Mammals
3094:Climate
3089:Borders
3031:Ancient
2970:History
2958:Vietnam
2486:Sources
2260:Vũ 2006
2241:Vũ 2006
2222:Vũ 2006
2203:Vũ 2006
2184:Vũ 2006
2165:Vũ 2006
2093:Vũ 2006
1732:cứu rỗi
1690:tu hiền
1684:tu thân
1623:Ông Địa
1583:Kim Quy
1539:Mẫu Địa
1521:), the
1401:Deities
1189:Bến Tre
1173:Long An
1152:cholera
1137:Hòa Hảo
1103:Hòa Hảo
1000:Đạo Mẫu
994:Đạo Mẫu
989:shamans
967:Đạo Mẫu
961:Đạo Mẫu
955:Đạo Mẫu
934:Đạo Mẫu
839:rooster
695:ganying
617:chữ Hán
567:History
529:Cao Đài
513:Đạo Mẫu
378:Symbols
205:Cuisine
179:Kinship
149:History
88:See why
4289:Portal
4218:Sports
4125:Poetry
4105:Emblem
4088:Dishes
4066:Cinema
4061:Awards
4046:Anthem
4016:Taoism
3996:Racism
3947:People
3862:Health
3669:Energy
3601:Police
3183:Cities
2960:
2768:
2721:
2703:
2683:
2643:
2608:
2571:
2530:
2512:
2076:
1696:tu sửa
1607:Tonkin
1577:, the
1567:Bà Đen
1537:, and
1517:, and
1460:Taoist
1441:heroes
1417:) and
1266:Saigon
1145:Buddha
1129:mystic
1113:Taoist
943:Yên Tử
853:, and
784:" or "
778:daemon
760:Thiêng
549:Taoism
338:Cinema
245:Taoism
156:People
125:on the
4275:Index
4164:V-pop
4159:Music
4147:Voice
4100:Dance
4026:Islam
3929:Women
3887:Crime
3876:Delta
3661:Đồng
3138:Birds
3008:Naval
3003:Names
2658:(PDF)
2606:S2CID
2586:(PDF)
2556:(PDF)
2528:S2CID
2498:(PDF)
1579:Bà mụ
1499:Âu Cơ
1475:Khmer
1275:Five
976:(the
856:dương
798:dương
633:numen
349:Sport
328:Radio
320:Media
310:Music
194:Games
4115:Flag
3991:Name
3924:Time
3879:cron
3874:and
3591:and
3568:Navy
3551:Army
3327:LGBT
2766:ISBN
2719:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2641:ISBN
2627:2015
2569:ISBN
2414:help
2266:help
2247:help
2228:help
2209:help
2190:help
2171:help
2099:help
2074:ISBN
1824:and
1807:đình
1768:tịnh
1756:miếu
1702:chữa
1644:linh
1641:The
1471:Cham
1407:Gods
1374:The
1356:and
1230:The
1187:and
1101:and
1003:the
932:and
877:and
866:Linh
818:linh
803:yang
780:", "
773:tinh
754:ling
642:linh
631:and
629:holy
612:linh
591:linh
559:and
547:and
536:thần
385:Flag
52:lang
4056:Art
3334:Law
2745:doi
2598:doi
2520:doi
1839:đền
1833:Phủ
1817:đền
1804:);
1765:or
1720:cứu
1541:),
1435:or
1335:).
1236:or
1121:Zen
973:Mẫu
948:安子山
835:bat
831:owl
813:yin
788:".
741:",
698:),
677:),
480:or
264:Art
72:IPA
4306::
2741:16
2739:.
2735:.
2664:,
2660:,
2604:,
2594:57
2592:,
2588:,
2526:,
2518:,
2506:29
2504:,
2500:,
2463:^
2434:^
2364:^
2341:^
2274:^
2157:^
2140:.
2115:.
2042:^
2025:^
1982:^
1951:^
1886:^
1794:,
1790:,
1779:.
1678:tu
1663:A
1656:.
1581:,
1573:,
1569:,
1565:,
1561:,
1557:,
1553:,
1545:,
1533:,
1529:,
1513:,
1509:,
1473:,
1425:).
1268:.
1250:.
1218:.
1191:.
1183:,
1179:,
1175:,
1171:,
1167:,
1163:,
1147:.
1123:,
1119:,
1115:,
1111:,
1043::
951:.
863:.
844:âm
811:,
808:âm
801:,
757:.
733:亡靈
720:靈魂
707:靈驗
619::
563:.
555:,
543:,
460::
57:,
2950:e
2943:t
2936:v
2820:e
2813:t
2806:v
2774:.
2753:.
2747::
2666:6
2600::
2522::
2416:)
2312:.
2268:)
2249:)
2230:)
2211:)
2192:)
2173:)
2151:.
2126:.
2101:)
2082:.
1910:.
1898:.
1880:.
1786:(
1625:.
1505:(
1481:(
1329:(
1319:(
881:(
766:聖
749:'
739:'
688:應
686:靈
669:顯
667:靈
655:聖
653:靈
623:靈
615:(
456:(
442:e
435:t
428:v
98:)
94:(
90:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)
