436:
248:
210:
forms under musicians such as Shri
Raojibua Belbagkar and Ustad Ali Hussain. Music was still something of a leisurely pursuit for Bhatkhande until 1900 when his wife died, followed, in 1903, by the death of his daughter. This led to him abandoning his law practice and devoting his full attention to
255:
After the death of his wife and his daughter, Bhatkhande abandoned his legal practice and devoted the rest of his life to systematising the prevailing forms of
Hindustani music and building on that system a coordinated theory and practice of music. During his travels in India, he spent time in the
384:
introduced their improved versions, it remained a publisher's favorite. It suffered a setback with the onset of desktop publishing, which found inserting marks above and below
Devanagari text cumbersome; as a result, books carrying compositions yielded to theoretical texts. A recently developed
346:, in Sanskrit, under the pseudonym 'Chatur-pandit'. To make this cultural heritage accessible to the common man, he published commentary on his own Sanskrit grantha in Marathi over a span of several years; it was published over four volumes bearing the title:
504:
Hindustani
Sangeet Paddhati in 4 parts – A commentary on the Lakshya Sangeetam in Marathi. It is a detailed study and discussion of the theory of music and explanation of 150 Ragas of Hindustani music. This important work has been translated into
508:
Kramik Pustak Malika – This book was published in six parts. It is a detailed textbook of
Hindustani music, describing all the important Ragas, their theory and illustrated with well-known compositions in notations. It contains about 1,200 such
175:. While not a professional musician himself, his father, who worked for an affluent businessman, ensured that Vishnu Narayan and his siblings received an education in classical music. After turning fifteen, Bhatkhande became a student of the
283:
Bhatkhande travelled to South India, arriving in Madras (now
Chennai) in 1904. With the help of local contacts he began to familiarise himself with the world of Carnatic music. He established contact with stalwarts such as
331:, both treatises that sought to classify ragas. The two works along with others and his observations from his travels in North India enabled Bhatkhande to classify Hindustani ragas using a system of ten, much like the
202:, a music appreciation society in Bombay, which broadened his experience with music performance and teaching. He studied at the Mandali for six years and learned a variety of compositions in both
192:
470:). Preparation of that course material was a landmark achievement of Bhatkhande since musical knowledge used to be passed on orally in earlier times from Gurus and Ustads to their disciples.
477:
as a series of textbooks. He also started the tradition of the All India Music
Conferences to provide a common platform for discussion between Hindustani and Carnatic classical musicians.
443:
Bhatkhande started schools and colleges in India for systematic teaching of
Hindustani music. In 1916, he reorganized the Baroda state music school, and later, with the help of the
408:. Though the thaats do not encompass all possible ragas, they do cover the vast majority and are a key contribution to Indian musical theory. The thaat structure corresponds to the
727:
157:
system. He noted that several ragas did not conform to their description in ancient
Sanskrit texts. He explained the ragas in an easy-to-understand language and composed several
37:
348:
372:
and
Krishna Kumar Kapoor are among the notable scholars who followed in the footsteps of Bhatkhande. His notation system became standard and though later scholars like
140:, an art which had been propagated for centuries mostly through oral traditions. During those earlier times, the art had undergone several changes, rendering the
285:
289:
352:. These volumes form today the standard text on Hindustani music, an indispensable starting point for any student of Hindustani Classical Music. His disciple
308:
but the language barrier made these interactions less fruitful than he expected. Notes from a journal maintained of his time there were later published as
908:
898:
188:
525:
Geet Malika – which was originally published in 23 monthly issues, each containing 25 to 30 classical compositions of Hindustani Sangeet in notation.
501:
Lakshan Geet Sangrah in three parts. Compositions descriptive of the Ragas, giving their characteristics in songs composed by Pandit Bhatkhande.
315:
While his conversations with exponents of Carnatic music weren't very successful, Bhatkhande procured two valuable manuscripts on the art: the
680:
498:
Shrimallakshya-sangeetam – A treatise, in Sanskrit, on the theory of music in slokas and describing the important ragas. (Lakshya=current)
328:
933:
655:
462:, Bhatkhande preparing the course material. The college was later renamed Bhatkhande College of Hindustani Music, and is now known as
928:
701:
814:
153:
used to be classified into Raga (male), Ragini (female), and Putra (children). Bhatkhande reclassified them into the currently used
923:
918:
794:
528:
Abhinav Raga Manjari – A treatise on the Ragas of Hindustani music, each being described briefly in one sloka in Sanskrit.
767:
665:
888:
757:
392:
After traveling widely and having discussions with practitioners of various schools, Bhatkhande arranged all the
883:
389:
follows the logical structure introduced by Pt. Bhatkhande but uses symbols instead of Devanagari alphabets.
903:
878:
913:
463:
397:
137:
97:
17:
373:
293:
634:
519:
A Comparative Study of the Music Systems of the 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries (in English).
435:
342:, was a booklet containing detailed descriptions of all prevalent ragas. In 1909, he published
893:
544:
417:
784:
621:
377:
316:
269:
873:
868:
126:
489:
and a thigh fracture in 1933. He died on 19 September 1936, during Ganeshotsav in Mumbai.
8:
444:
301:
732:
612:
455:
324:
458:, then education minister of United Provinces, established Marris College of Music in
790:
763:
661:
513:
467:
240:
843:
617:
451:
381:
853:
786:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent
369:
353:
257:
413:
401:
365:
357:
297:
102:
848:
862:
657:
Two men and music: nationalism in the making of an Indian classical tradition
548:
386:
320:
234:
171:
Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande was born on 10 August 1860 in Walkeshwar,
277:
184:
133:
361:
305:
232:, and researching music. He began the study of ancient texts such as the
191:
in Pune in 1885. In 1887, Bhatkhande graduated with a degree in law from
822:
486:
424:
409:
332:
180:
459:
265:
247:
207:
159:
261:
229:
203:
172:
61:
405:
273:
225:
176:
154:
36:
759:
Bhatkhande's Contribution to Music: A Historical Perspective
531:
Abhinav Tala Manjari – A textbook in Sanskrit on the Talas
393:
150:
141:
728:"An ode to reverent musicologist Vishnu Narayan Bhatkande"
610:
Powers, Harold S. (2001). "Bhatkhande, Vishnu Narayan".
577:
Sangeet Kalp Drumankur by Kashinath Shashtri Appa Tulsi
423:
Bhatkhande wrote all of his works under one of the two
16:"Bhatkhande" redirects here. For the university, see
535:
447:, established the Madhav Music College in Gwalior.
224:Bhatkhande traveled throughout India, meeting with
132:(10 August 1860 – 19 September 1936) was an Indian
574:Sangeet Sudhakar by Kashinath Shashtri Appa Tulsi
860:
571:Nartan Niranaya by Kashinath Shashtri Appa Tulsi
516:characters) Notation of Ragas in swara and tala.
580:Raga Chandrika by Kashinath Shashtri Appa Tulsi
755:
195:and briefly pursued a career in criminal law.
782:
272:. In Rampur he was the disciple of legendary
725:
909:20th-century Indian male classical singers
899:19th-century Indian male classical singers
641:(2 January 2007). Retrieved on 2018-12-19.
163:which explained the grammar of the ragas.
35:
849:Excerpts from Bhatkhande's SangeetShastra
687:(30 March 2007). Retrieved on 2018-12-19.
660:. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–7.
276:Player Ustad Wazir Khan, a descendant of
776:
695:
693:
522:Historical Survey of the Music of India.
475:Hindustani Sangeet Kramik Pustak Maalika
434:
312:(My Musical Journey in Southern India).
246:
147:documented in scant old outdated texts.
789:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 442–.
622:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03008
251:Music notations developed by Bhatkhande
198:In 1884, Bhatkhande became a member of
136:who wrote the first modern treatise on
861:
653:
609:
562:Sadraga Chandrodaya by Pundarik Vithal
193:Elphinstone College, Bombay University
813:
690:
649:
647:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
310:Meri Dakshin Bharat Ki Sangeet Yatra
219:
439:Bhatkhande on a 1961 stamp of India
338:Bhatkhande's first published work,
13:
807:
746:Often misspelled as Morris College
726:Datta, Jaiti (22 September 2018).
427:, Vishnu Sharma and Chaturpandit.
14:
945:
934:19th-century Indian musicologists
837:
699:
644:
594:
541:Swara Mela Kalanidhi by Ramamatya
929:Musicologists from British India
654:Bakhle, Janaki (2005). "Ch. 3".
536:Manuscripts edited by Bhatkhande
179:and subsequently began studying
565:Raga Manjari by Pundarik Vithal
492:
430:
749:
740:
719:
674:
628:
568:"Raga Mala" by Pundarik Vithal
559:Raga Tatva Vibodh by Shriniwas
416:, the south Indian variety of
412:system of raga arrangement in
187:. He completed a BA degree at
1:
924:People from Bombay Presidency
587:
166:
919:Musicians from British India
635:Inventing a tradition – CHEN
378:Pandit Vinayakrao Patwardhan
7:
844:Bhatkhande Sangit Vidyapith
815:"Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande"
700:V, Sriram (29 March 2019).
616:. Oxford University Press.
349:Hindustani Sangeet Paddhati
10:
950:
583:Raga Chandrika Sar (Hindi)
464:Bhatkhande Music Institute
398:Hindustani classical music
344:Shri Mallakshaya Sangeetam
138:Hindustani classical music
18:Bhatkhande Music Institute
15:
854:A biography of Bhatkhande
702:"An extraordinary seeker"
360:, Ratanjankar's disciple
214:
130:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
111:
90:
76:
68:
48:
43:
34:
29:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
27:
556:Raga Tarangini by Lochan
480:
473:Bhatkhande prepared the
366:Ram Ashrey Jha 'Ramrang'
294:Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar
756:Nayar, Sobhana (1989).
335:of the Carnatic style.
889:Indian music educators
783:Stone, Ruth M (1998).
681:Learn the Lingo – DELI
545:Chaturdandi Prakashika
440:
418:Indian classical music
252:
183:texts that dealt with
44:Background information
762:. Popular Prakashan.
438:
374:Pandit V. D. Paluskar
358:Shri. Dilip Kumar Roy
317:Chaturdandiprakashika
286:Thiruvottiyur Tyagier
250:
200:Gayan Uttejak Mandali
884:Indian musicologists
485:Bhatkhande suffered
290:Tachur Singaracharya
98:Hindustani classical
904:Singers from Mumbai
454:and his nephew Dr.
445:Maharaja of Gwalior
302:Subbarama Dikshitar
879:Hindustani singers
819:www.indianpost.com
733:The Times of India
613:Grove Music Online
456:Rai Rajeshwar Bali
441:
356:, famous musician
325:Svaramelakalanidhi
253:
914:Bandish composers
796:978-0-8240-4946-1
512:Swara Malika (in
468:Deemed University
241:Sangeet Ratnakara
220:Research in music
121:
120:
80:19 September 1936
941:
833:
831:
829:
801:
800:
780:
774:
773:
753:
747:
744:
738:
737:
723:
717:
716:
714:
712:
697:
688:
678:
672:
671:
651:
642:
632:
626:
625:
607:
452:Rai Umanath Bali
385:notation system
382:Omkarnath Thakur
364:, S.C.R. Bhatt,
114:
83:
58:
56:
39:
25:
24:
949:
948:
944:
943:
942:
940:
939:
938:
859:
858:
840:
827:
825:
810:
808:Further reading
805:
804:
797:
781:
777:
770:
754:
750:
745:
741:
724:
720:
710:
708:
698:
691:
679:
675:
668:
652:
645:
633:
629:
608:
595:
590:
538:
495:
483:
433:
370:Sumati Mutatkar
354:S N Ratanjankar
258:princely states
222:
217:
169:
124:
112:
107:
85:
81:
60:
54:
52:
30:
21:
12:
11:
5:
947:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
857:
856:
851:
846:
839:
838:External links
836:
835:
834:
809:
806:
803:
802:
795:
775:
768:
748:
739:
718:
689:
673:
666:
643:
627:
592:
591:
589:
586:
585:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
553:Raga Lakshanam
551:
542:
537:
534:
533:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
510:
506:
502:
499:
494:
491:
482:
479:
432:
429:
414:Carnatic music
402:musical scales
298:Ramanathapuram
221:
218:
216:
213:
189:Deccan College
168:
165:
123:Musical artist
122:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
106:
105:
103:Mewati Gharana
100:
94:
92:
88:
87:
84:(aged 76)
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
59:10 August 1860
50:
46:
45:
41:
40:
32:
31:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
946:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
894:Marathi music
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:
798:
792:
788:
787:
779:
771:
769:9780861322381
765:
761:
760:
752:
743:
735:
734:
729:
722:
707:
703:
696:
694:
686:
682:
677:
669:
667:9780195166101
663:
659:
658:
650:
648:
640:
636:
631:
623:
619:
615:
614:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
593:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
550:
549:Venkatamakhin
546:
543:
540:
539:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
511:
509:compositions.
507:
503:
500:
497:
496:
490:
488:
478:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
437:
428:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Venkatamakhin
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
249:
245:
243:
242:
237:
236:
235:Natya Shastra
231:
227:
212:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
164:
162:
161:
156:
152:
148:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
116:
110:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
93:
89:
86:Bombay, India
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
51:
47:
42:
38:
33:
26:
23:
19:
826:. Retrieved
818:
785:
778:
758:
751:
742:
731:
721:
709:. Retrieved
705:
684:
676:
656:
638:
630:
611:
493:Bibliography
484:
474:
472:
449:
442:
431:Institutions
422:
391:
387:Ome Swarlipi
347:
343:
339:
337:
314:
309:
282:
278:Miyan Tansen
254:
239:
233:
223:
199:
197:
185:music theory
170:
158:
149:
144:
134:musicologist
129:
125:
113:Years active
82:(1936-09-19)
22:
874:1936 deaths
869:1860 births
828:5 September
380:and Pandit
362:K. G. Ginde
340:Swar Malika
306:Ettayapuram
292:in Madras,
863:Categories
823:India Post
588:References
425:pseudonyms
400:across 10
333:melakartas
167:Early life
55:1860-08-10
706:The Hindu
685:The Hindu
639:The Hindu
487:paralysis
450:In 1926,
410:melakarta
404:, called
329:Ramamatya
160:bandishes
117:1875–1935
514:Gujarati
323:and the
181:Sanskrit
460:Lucknow
266:Gwalior
230:pandits
211:music.
208:dhrupad
145:grammar
64:, India
793:
766:
711:20 May
664:
505:Hindi.
406:thaats
270:Rampur
268:, and
262:Baroda
226:ustads
215:Career
204:khayal
173:Bombay
127:Pandit
91:Genres
69:Origin
62:Bombay
481:Death
394:ragas
274:veena
256:then
177:sitar
155:thaat
151:Ragas
72:India
830:2018
791:ISBN
764:ISBN
713:2022
662:ISBN
300:and
288:and
238:and
228:and
206:and
142:raga
77:Died
49:Born
618:doi
547:by
396:of
327:of
319:by
304:in
296:in
260:of
865::
821:.
817:.
730:.
704:.
692:^
683:.
646:^
637:.
596:^
420:.
376:,
368:,
280:.
264:,
244:.
832:.
799:.
772:.
736:.
715:.
670:.
624:.
620::
466:(
57:)
53:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
