2358:
2663:) had begun taking more responsibilities outside their original military and civil duties. The servants or slaves of the king became very prominent in the bureaucracy and exercised wide administrative powers. With the Visigoth law codes, women could inherit land and title and manage it independently from their husbands or male relations, dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs, and could represent themselves and bear witness in court by age 14 and arrange for their own marriages by age 20. Chindaswinth (642–653) strengthened the monarchy at the expense of the nobility; he executed some 700 nobles, forced dignitaries to swear oaths, and in the seventh council of Toledo laid down his right to excommunicate clergy who acted against the government. He was also able to maneuver his son
2996:
2683:, and because of this, he felt a need to reform the army. He passed a law declaring all dukes, counts and other military leaders, as well as bishops, had to come to the aid of the kingdom once danger became known or risk harsh punishment. Wamba was eventually deposed in a bloodless coup. King Ervig (680–687) held further church councils and repealed the previous harsh laws of Wamba, though he still made provisions for the army. Ervig had his son-in-law Egica made king. Despite a rebellion by the bishop of Toledo, the 16th council, held in 693, denounced the bishop's revolt. The 17th council in 694 passed harsh laws against the Jews, citing a conspiracy, and many were enslaved, especially those who had converted from Christianity. Egica also raised his son
2472:
2573:(636–639). The church councils were now the most powerful institution in the Visigothic state; they took the role of regulating the process of succession to the kingship by election of the king by Gothic noble 'senators' and the church officials. They also decided to meet on a regular basis to discuss ecclesiastical and political matters affecting the Church. Finally, they decided the kings should die in peace, and declared their persons sacred, seeking to end the violence and regicides of the past. Despite all this, another coup took place and Chintila was deposed in 639, and King Tulga took his place; he was also deposed in the third year of his reign and the council elected the noble
1194:
92:
71:
1095:
2283:
3141:
2981:
2702:
638:
2159:
2552:
2540:
3526:
1000:
2027:
2413:
3110:
2041:
2639:(649–672), abolished the old tradition of having different laws for Hispano-Romans and Visigoths. The new laws applied to both Gothic and Hispano-Roman populations who had been under different laws in the past, and it replaced all older codes of law. The code included old laws by past kings, such as Alaric II in his
2564:
The instability of this period can be attributed to the power struggle between the kings and the nobility. Religious unification strengthened the political power of the church, which it exercised through church councils at Toledo along with the nobles. The fourth council, held during the brief reign
2776:
According to Joseph F. O'Callaghan, the remnants of the
Hispano-Gothic aristocracy still played an important role in the society of Hispania. At the end of Visigothic rule, the assimilation of Hispano-Romans and Visigoths was occurring at a fast pace. Their nobility had begun to think of themselves
3169:
and
Recopolis. Excavations confirm that Recopolis and Toledo, the Visigothic capital, were heavily influenced by the contemporary Byzantine architecture. When the Muslims looted Spain during their conquest they were amazed by the fine and innumerable Visigothic treasures. A few of these treasures
2991:
The
Visigoths founded the only new cities in Western Europe between the fifth and eighth centuries. It is certain (through contemporary Spanish accounts) that they founded four, and a possible fifth city is ascribed to them by a later Arabic source. All of these cities were founded for military
1091:. It seems likely that at first the Visigoths were not given a large amount of land estates in the region (as previously believed), but that they acquired the taxes of the region, with the local Gallic aristocrats now paying their taxes to the Visigoths instead of to the Roman government.
2294:, who had conquered northern Gaul. Following a brief war with the Franks, Alaric was forced to put down a rebellion in Tarraconensis, probably caused by recent Visigoth immigration to Hispania due to pressure from the Franks. In 507, the Franks attacked again, this time allied with the
2210:. In his campaigns, Euric had counted on a portion of the Gallo-Roman and Hispano-Roman aristocracy who served under him as generals and governors. The Visigothic Kingdom was formally recognized as an independent kingdom in former Roman territory instead of having the status of
923:, it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish Goths from Hispano-Romans, as the two became inextricably intertwined. Despite these civil wars, by 625 AD the Visigoths had succeeded in expelling the Byzantines from Hispania and had established a foothold at the port of
2511:(603–610), ending the short-lived dynasty. There were various Visigothic Kings between 610 and 631, and this period saw constant regicide. This period also saw the definitive conquest of the Byzantine territories in the south. War continued in the north against the Basques and
2741:. Roderic was betrayed by his troops, who sided with his enemies, and the king was killed in battle. The Muslims then took much of southern Spain with little resistance and went on to capture Toledo, where they executed several Visigothic nobles. In 712, Musa, the governor of
3387:
The
Visigothic monarchy took on a completely elective character with the fall of the Balti, but the monarchy remained Arian until Reccared I converted in 587 (Hermenegild had also converted earlier). Only a few sons succeeded their fathers to the throne in this period.
2130:), the Suebi capital. The Goths sacked the cities in Gallaecia, part of the Suebi Kingdom quite brutally: they massacred a portion of the population and even attacked some holy places, probably due to the clergy's support of the Suebi. Theodoric took control over
1048:(king of the Visigoths from 410 to 415) spent the next few years operating in the Gallic and Hispanic countrysides, diplomatically playing competing factions of Germanic and Roman commanders against one another to skillful effect, and taking over cities such as
2889:, who received dukedom territories or comital offices as counts over smaller territories or key urban locations within the provinces of Hispania and in southwestern Gaul and its Mediterranean coast. Their settlements were made around the Roman cities of
2499:
in 589, where he announced his faith in the Nicene creed and denounced
Arianism. He adopted the name Flavius, the family name of the Constantinian dynasty, and styled himself as the successor to the Roman emperors. Reccared also fought the Byzantines in
91:
2789:. An unknown number of them fled and took refuge in Asturias or Septimania. In Asturias, they supported Pelagius's uprising, and joining with the indigenous leaders, formed a new aristocracy. The population of the mountain region consisted of native
2667:
on the throne, sparking a rebellion by a Gothic noble who allied with the
Basques, but was put down. Recceswinth (653–672) held another council of Toledo, which reduced sentences for treason and affirmed the power of the councils to elect kings.
915:, completed in 654, abolished the old tradition of having different laws for Hispano-Romans and for Visigoths. The 7th century saw many civil wars between factions of the aristocracy. Despite good records left by contemporary bishops, such as
2917:
Narbonne, which would be the main bases of Gothic power politically as well as militarily during the rest of the kingdom's history, as well as other settlements that were dispersed in rural farming areas between the upper reaches of the
3152:
However, in fact, the
Visigoths were preservers of the classical culture. The bathing culture of Andalusia, for example, often said to be a Muslim invention, is a direct continuation of Romano-Visigothic traditions. Visigothic
2440:
due to his ties with the Romans, but he was defeated in 584 and killed in 585. By the end of his reign, Liuvigild had united the entire
Iberian peninsula, including the Suebic Kingdom which he conquered in 585 during a
3221:
from the mid seventh/early eight century confirms that
Visigothic nobles were not only taught in reading and writing but also in science, medicine, law and philosophy. An example of a highly educated nobleman was king
2645:, and Leovigild, but many were also new laws. The code was based almost wholly on Roman law, with some influence of Germanic law in rare cases. Among the eliminated old laws were the harsh laws against Jews. The
906:
lost its last and probably already declining function as a church language when the
Visigoths renounced Arianism in 589). This newfound unity found expression in increasingly severe persecution of outsiders,
2424:(569 – April 21, 586). He was an effective military leader and consolidated Visigothic power in Spain. Liuvigild campaigned against the Eastern Romans in the south in the 570s and he took back
2519:(612–621), who passed several harsh laws against Jews and forced many Jews to convert to Christianity. Sisebut was also successful against the Byzantines, taking several of their cities, including
2432:
and various small independent states, including the Basques and the Cantabrians. He pacified northern Spain but was unable to completely conquer these peoples. When Liuvigild established his son
2495:. This led to some unrest in the kingdom, notably a revolt by the Arian bishop of Mérida which was put down; he also beat back another Frankish offensive in the north. Reccared then oversaw the
2385:(531–548) became king. He expanded Visigothic control over the southern regions, but he was also murdered after a failed invasion of Africa. Visigothic Spain suffered a civil war under King
9267:
3133:, a time of supposedly cultural and scientific decay. Through the course of their existence the Visigoths supposedly remained "men of the woods never strayed too far from there," as
776:
in 476 AD; therefore, the Visigoths believed they had the right to take the territories that Rome had promised in Hispania in exchange for restoring the Roman order. Under King
10374:
2449:. Liuvigild established amicable terms with the Franks through royal marriages, and they remained at peace throughout most of his reign. Liuvigild also founded new cities, such as
2581:
908:
3545:. In various sources it is described as a "Christian inscription", an "inscription relating to the Jews of France", or as a Jewish inscription dated with the local calendar—the
2832:. Initially, the Muslims generally left the Christians alone to practise their religion, although non-Muslims were subject to Islamic law and treated as second-class citizens.
9703:
2687:
as coruler in 698. Not much is known about his reign, but a period of civil war quickly ensued between his sons (Achila and Ardo) and King Roderic, who had seized Toledo.
9507:
1572:
624:
599:
585:
571:
2765:
taken between 721 and 725. The only effective resistance was in Asturias, where a Visigothic nobleman named Pelagius revolted in 718, and defeated the Muslims at the
3181:
While only the senior monks were allowed to read books of non-Christian or heretic authors this did not prevent the rise of intellectuals such as, most prominently:
3023:. He named it after his son Reccared and built it with Byzantine imitations, containing a palace complex and mint, but it lay in ruins by the 9th century (after the
2350:. Only after Theodoric's death (526) did Amalaric obtain control of his kingdom. His rule did not last long, as in 531, Amalaric was defeated by the Frankish king
2218:(474–475) signed in 475 an alliance with Euric, granting him the lands south of the Loire and west of the Rhone in exchange for military service and the lands in
1588:
10369:
2182:. Under Euric (466–484), the Visigoths began expanding in Gaul and consolidating their presence in the Iberian peninsula. Euric fought a series of wars with the
1230:
2405:(552–568) became the new king. He attacked the Byzantines, but he was unable to dislodge them from southern Spain and was obliged to formally acknowledge the
10414:
10227:
1778:
2862:, or allies, and assigned billeting obligations to provide lodging for Roman soldiers, more or less as the imperial military had done in other provinces.
70:
2357:
1794:
10424:
10379:
9764:
Vázquez, Federico Gallegos (2011). "El ejército visigodo: el primer ejército español". In Leandro Martínez Peñas; Manuela Fernández Rodríguez (eds.).
3008:
2733:, facilitated the invasion because one of his daughters had been dishonored by Roderic is possibly mythical. By late July, a battle took place at the
2346:(511–531), the son of Alaric II, as king. Amalaric, however, was still a child and power in Spain remained under the Ostrogothic general and regent,
2515:, as indeed it would continue for the rest of the Visigothic Kingdom's existence. These Kings also worked on religious legislature, especially King
10429:
9279:
8488:
9836:
1530:
9973:
8734:
Claude, Dietrich (1998). "Remarks about relations between Visigoths and Hispano-Romans in the seventh century". In Pohl, Walter (ed.).
2073:
1834:
9714:
8342:
2150:
under Aegidius; as a result, Romans under Severus and the Visigoths fought other Roman troops, and the revolt ended only in 465.
1258:
1060:
enlisted him to provide Visigothic assistance in regaining nominal Roman control of Hispania from the Vandals, Alans and Suebi.
10404:
1941:
1865:
1649:
1928:
10394:
9773:
9604:
9517:
9083:
9033:
1704:
1364:
10384:
10188:
9272:
2995:
1403:
1223:
10389:
8438:
2186:
who retained some influence in Lusitania and brought most of this region under Visigothic power, taking Emerita Augusta (
1951:
1905:
1149:
the Visigoths defeated the allied forces of Romans and Huns. By 451, the situation had reversed and the Huns had invaded
2984:
1292:
902:
The ethnic distinction between the Hispano-Roman population and the Visigoths had largely disappeared by this time (the
10399:
3185:, one of the most quoted scholars of the Middle Ages, known for the breadth of his literary output, highlighted by his
780:—who eliminated the status of foederati—a triumphal advance of the Visigoths began. Alarmed at Visigoth expansion from
2527:(621–631), who had captured all of their Spanish holdings by 625. Suinthila was deposed by the Franks and replaced by
1752:
9804:
9681:
9646:
9583:
9567:
9496:
9469:
9454:
9381:
8980:
8743:
8718:
8693:
8643:
9363:
3045:
Liuvigild's son and namesake of the first Visigothic city founded his own sometime around 600. It is referred to by
9829:
2471:
1435:
1162:
773:
439:
17:
8661:
Historia del reino visigodo español : los acontecimientos, las instituciones, la sociedad, los protagonistas
8376:
1912:
1744:
31:
2761:, Musa left his son Abd al-‘Aziz in command. By 716, most of the Iberian Peninsula was under Islamic rule, with
10419:
9966:
9627:
9536:
8668:
8361:
2066:
1117:
independent, and soon began expanding into Roman territory at the expense of the feeble Western empire. Under
9814:
8446:
8431:
1810:
1565:
1443:
1064:
745:, whose attempts to re-establish Roman authority in Hispania were only partially successful and short-lived.
3299:). They tended to succeed their fathers or close relatives on the throne and thus constitute a dynasty, the
3019:, was founded by Liuvigild in 578 after his victory over the Franks, near what is today the tiny village of
2436:
as joint ruler, a civil war ensued between them. Hermenegild became the first Visigothic king to convert to
8421:
6060:
2696:
1985:
1498:
1482:
1338:
928:
3191:, an encyclopedia of the knowledge of the epoch that was known and translated throughout medieval Europe;
10434:
10409:
10364:
10328:
9822:
8427:
8412:
3239:
These kings and leaders – with the exception of Fritigern and possibly Alavivus – were pagans.
2829:
2012:
1624:
9337:
1193:
10338:
10333:
10308:
10293:
9870:
8462:
8417:
8372:
8357:
3130:
1959:
1933:
1387:
9576:
The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise. Muslims, Christians and Jews under Islamic Rule in Medieval Spain
2856:
during the 5th century, according to contemporary sources under the terms of the late Roman Empire as
1380:
176:
10313:
10298:
10203:
9959:
8452:
8397:
8367:
8285:
8270:
7703:
3004:
2492:
2254:
2059:
1995:
1980:
1873:
1818:
1173:
935:
in 711 to 719, with only the northern reaches of Hispania remaining in Christian hands. The medieval
203:
2111:
10439:
10323:
9982:
9555:
8442:
8407:
2194:
in 472, the last bastion of (Western) Roman rule in Spain. By 476, he had extended his rule to the
2095:
1728:
1720:
1657:
1331:
1274:
1146:
1142:
1026:
and swept across modern France and into the Iberian Peninsula. For their part, the Visigoths under
8862:
10343:
9910:
8493:
3208:
2651:
showed the old system of military and civil divisions in administration was changing, and dukes (
2496:
1771:
749:
10085:
9905:
8392:
966:. The Visigoths also developed the highly influential legal code known in Western Europe as the
10288:
9745:
9731:
9319:
8599:
8597:(1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.".
5796:
3578:
3098:
2730:
2191:
1946:
1673:
1474:
820:
9794:
9408:
Mais la date du décès est calculée en fonction du calendrier local, ici celui du règne du roi
9025:
3204:
3078:
as a fortification against the recently subjected Basques. It is to be identified with modern
1641:
1203:
10232:
9782:
9362:(May 3, 2018). "Les noms des juifs à Paris (XIIᵉ-XIVᵉ siècle)". In Nadiras, Sébastien (ed.).
8555:
8500:
8070:
3175:
3122:
2310:, and Toulouse was sacked. By 508, the Visigoths had lost most of their Gallic holdings save
2000:
1990:
1920:
1712:
1126:
1094:
1019:
801:
96:
Extent of the Visigothic Kingdom, c. 500 (total extent shown in orange, territory lost after
10080:
8968:
8388:
8382:
3207:, a theologian and poet who, after he had fled to the Frankish kingdom, participated in the
2557:
Visigothic Hispania and its regional divisions from 625 to 711, prior to the Muslim conquest
1506:
10025:
9930:
7485:
3192:
3039:
2949:
2429:
1696:
1451:
1299:
940:
880:
872:
718:
590:
576:
465:
101:
10103:
8558:
The Ostrogoths from the migration period to the sixth century: an ethnographic perspective
3584:
3537:
at the 7th-century beginning of the reign of Egica. The text begins with the Latin phrase
3034:
after his victory over the Basques. Though it is often supposed to survive as the city of
2869:
in Gaul and Hispania once the Roman Empire of the West had collapsed, specially after the
2299:
2282:
452:
97:
8:
10278:
10259:
10208:
10199:
10153:
10115:
10091:
9915:
9895:
9324:
9112:
Lacarra, "Panorama de la historia urbana en la Península Ibérica desde el siglo V al X",
8291:
8276:
8088:
7709:
5156:
4524:
3367:
3020:
2766:
2437:
2331:
2327:
2147:
1689:
1522:
1279:
1235:
1053:
959:
936:
851:
to send soldiers to his assistance. Athanagild won his war, but the Byzantines took over
631:
491:
295:
2941:
2257:
in the northwest and small areas controlled by independent Iberian peoples, such as the
159:(spoken by several tribes throughout almost the entire Pyrenean and pre-Pyrenean region)
10303:
10254:
10217:
10212:
10174:
10162:
10121:
10037:
9845:
9329:
8949:
8616:
8516:
8506:
8467:
7820:
4705:
3182:
3046:
2446:
2250:
2231:
2202:
rivers which comprised most of southern Gaul. He also occupied the key Roman cities of
1802:
1615:
1606:
1419:
1210:
1057:
1039:
1031:
963:
920:
916:
416:
156:
10157:
2754:
2303:
1597:
1490:
785:
10245:
10222:
10167:
10109:
10097:
10075:
10042:
9996:
9925:
9800:
9769:
9677:
9642:
9623:
9616:
9600:
9579:
9563:
9532:
9513:
9492:
9465:
9450:
9387:
9377:
9341:
9283:
9254:
9079:
9029:
8976:
8969:
8941:
8739:
8714:
8689:
8664:
8639:
8521:
8352:
8347:
2870:
2680:
1826:
1665:
1580:
1102:
843:
in Hispania. A civil war starting in 549 resulted in an invitation from the Visigoth
710:
617:
2980:
2425:
10241:
10195:
10178:
9849:
9799:. Thomas J. Dunlop, translator (Revised ed.). University of California Press.
9676:. Late Antique and Early Medieval Iberia 6. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
9428:
9369:
9359:
9333:
8608:
8511:
2945:
2931:
2721:, the governor of Islamic Africa, invaded Spain with about 7,000 Berber men, while
2618:
2608:
2602:
2507:
Reccared's son Liuva II became king in 601 but was deposed by the Visigothic noble
2501:
2398:
2246:
2131:
1182:
1082:
852:
781:
742:
730:
714:
9479:
The Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse: Conflict and Cooperation with the Roman Empire
8556:
Barnish, S. J. B.; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Social Stress (2007).
3154:
3140:
2746:
2187:
10283:
10249:
9880:
9757:
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
9594:
9477:
8764:. Vol. XIV. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600. p. 48.
3550:
3226:, who was a patron of learning and writer of poems, one of them about astronomy.
3162:
3134:
2817:
2813:
2734:
2718:
2628:
2585:
2476:
2370:
2135:
1889:
1850:
1540:
967:
912:
903:
888:
197:
145:
9672:
Martínez Jiménez, Javier; Isaac Sastre de Diego; Carlos Tejerizo García. (2018)
9663:
Barrett, Graham (2018). "Theodoric I the Visigoth". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
9309:
3170:
were preserved as they were buried during the Muslim invasions – e.g., the
2174:, came to the Visigothic throne. He is infamous for murdering his elder brother
10318:
9935:
9900:
9315:
8594:
8531:
8402:
3973:
3590:
3158:
3129:
The Visigothic rule has often been misattributed to be a part of the so-called
3035:
2965:
2825:
2676:
2466:
2454:
2374:
2143:
2123:
2045:
1857:
1786:
1549:
1467:
1411:
1158:
1154:
1035:
971:
698:
52:
9844:
9391:
2401:
along the coast of southern Spain. Agila was eventually killed, and his enemy
10358:
9545:
9311:
9287:
8945:
3540:
3300:
3038:, contemporary 12th-century sources refer to the latter city's foundation by
2821:
2714:
2701:
1881:
1427:
840:
128:
9345:
8750:
dress and funerary customs cease to be distinguishing features in AD 570/580
2745:, arrived with another army of 18,000, with large Arab contingents. He took
958:
and came into conflict with the Church in Rome, but after they converted to
9951:
9258:
7442:
6803:
6568:
4461:
3716:
3558:
3343:
3171:
3114:
2672:
2632:
2592:
2574:
2351:
2215:
2175:
2107:
2091:
2031:
979:
151:
9373:
3525:
962:, the Church exerted an enormous influence on secular affairs through the
10141:
9395:
7119:
6492:
6047:
5776:
5177:
4192:
3564:
3546:
3480:
3428:
3398:
3331:
3196:
3187:
3118:
2770:
2706:
2664:
2636:
2596:
2433:
2390:
2366:
2295:
2171:
1395:
1354:
1118:
1098:
983:
848:
355:
259:
9674:
The Iberian Peninsula between 300 and 850. An Archaeological Perspective
8953:
8929:
2757:, which were still under King Ardo, in 714. After being recalled by the
804:
nearby and Euric then captured Arles and secured much of southern Gaul.
10062:
9175:
8620:
8571:
6010:
5814:
5763:
5481:
5473:
5195:
4441:
3693:
3439:(580–601), son, sub-king in Narbonensis until 586, first Catholic king
3436:
3410:
3337:
3259:
3145:
3016:
2914:
2882:
2878:
2762:
2484:
2450:
2406:
2402:
2311:
2222:(including Arles and Marseilles). The lands in Hispania remained under
2207:
2179:
2146:
in exchange for their support. This led to a revolt by the army and by
1346:
844:
828:
512:
8930:"Isidore of Seville and the Evolution of Kingship in Visigothic Spain"
8736:
Strategies of Distinction: Construction of Ethnic Communities, 300–800
2416:
Visigothic Hispania and the Byzantine province of Spania, circa 560 AD
2290:
The Visigoths now came into conflict with the Franks under their King
10008:
9865:
9860:
9596:
Rome and Byzantium in the Visigothic Kingdom: Beyond Imitatio Imperii
8238:
5820:
5802:
5454:
4756:
4700:
3743:
3610:
3422:
3355:
3279:
3253:
3200:
2885:, moved to settle more freely under their kindred clans' rulers, the
2853:
2794:
2750:
2421:
2362:
2342:, and was captured and killed. Theodoric then installed his grandson
2339:
2335:
2266:
2211:
2139:
1070:
884:
876:
793:
760:
of Rome, and wanted to restore the Roman order against the hordes of
757:
722:
307:
283:
122:
80:
76:
8612:
3109:
2520:
2119:
939:
in northern Spain reputedly began when a Visigothic nobleman called
859:
expelled the last Byzantine garrisons from the peninsula, occupying
9920:
9766:
Reflexiones sobre poder, guerra y religión en la Historia de España
8551:
8526:
6774:
6754:
6521:
6320:
6244:
5137:
4785:
3944:
3630:
3534:
3514:
3500:
3492:
3486:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3448:
3375:
3307:
3273:
3265:
3075:
3060:
3056:
3000:
2849:
2845:
2809:
2798:
2742:
2599:
saw the compilation of the most important Visigothic law book, the
2570:
2566:
2528:
2524:
2512:
2508:
2488:
2343:
2307:
2291:
2262:
2242:
2235:
2219:
2142:. In 461, the Goths received the city of Narbonne from the emperor
1266:
1251:
1134:
1130:
1110:
1049:
1027:
955:
944:
892:
868:
856:
831:. The kingdom of the 6th and 7th centuries is sometimes called the
816:
796:
sent a fresh army across the Alps against Euric, who was besieging
738:
659:
604:
343:
319:
221:
208:
116:
2972:. Little Visigothic settlement occurred elsewhere in the kingdom.
2738:
2551:
2539:
2190:) in 469. Euric also attacked the Western Roman Empire, capturing
2158:
1165:. Attila was driven back, but Theodoric was killed in the battle.
999:
789:
737:
by the Roman government and then extended by conquest over all of
9875:
9199:
9163:
9151:
9127:
8032:
7465:
6273:
5429:
5116:
4730:
4230:
3935:
3624:
3618:
3474:
3416:
3404:
3392:
3361:
3319:
3313:
3243:
3223:
3212:
3090:
2874:
2841:
2802:
2790:
2726:
2722:
2684:
2516:
2386:
2382:
2347:
2323:
2258:
2227:
2115:
2087:
1736:
1085:
on which to settle. This probably took place under the system of
1078:
1045:
1008:
948:
932:
896:
761:
669:
495:
379:
367:
331:
166:
741:. The Kingdom maintained independence from the Eastern Roman or
10032:
9885:
9412:, et non en fonction du calendrier juif comme au bas Moyen Âge.
9139:
4006:
3986:
3506:
3325:
3292:
2961:
2957:
2758:
2580:
2569:
in 633, excommunicated and exiled the king, replacing him with
2394:
2103:
1315:
1074:
824:
753:
726:
706:
674:
478:
247:
162:
9211:
8975:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 48–49.
2428:
after another revolt. He also fought in the north against the
10020:
9409:
8570:
Capital of the Visigothic kingdom by the end of the reign of
8457:
8051:
7771:
7503:
7098:
4490:
4235:
3636:
3604:
3598:
3570:
3530:
3520:
3442:
3349:
3296:
3248:
3166:
3079:
2969:
2953:
2927:
2919:
2886:
2866:
2442:
2412:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2183:
2167:
2127:
2099:
1122:
1023:
1016:
1012:
924:
797:
777:
769:
765:
664:
271:
180:
3030:
At a slightly later date, Liuvigild founded a city he named
2805:
and other groups unassimilated into Hispano-Gothic society.
9890:
9064:. Vol. II: c. 700 – c. 900. pp. 256–258, 275–276.
9042:
9001:
8989:
8909:
8897:
8873:
8831:
3644:
3024:
2923:
2276:
2178:
who had himself become king by murdering his elder brother
1150:
1138:
927:
in Africa. Most of the Visigothic Kingdom was conquered by
827:
in the early 6th century, save the narrow coastal strip of
734:
391:
228:
170:
9235:
8785:
8783:
3621:(694–710), son, initially co-king or sub-king in Gallaecia
2948:, and Toledo to the east and south. After the fall of the
9365:
Noms de lieux, noms de personnes: la question des sources
2865:
Later in the century, following annexations made by King
895:) and annexing it, and by repeated campaigns against the
847:, who had usurped the kingship, to the Byzantine emperor
10375:
States and territories disestablished in the 8th century
9509:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 1 c.500-c.700
2338:. Gesalec fled and regrouped, but was defeated again at
951:
and of the Visigoths who had taken refuge in mountains.
9431:"A Reassessment of Visigothic Jewish Policy, 589–711."
8807:
8780:
8738:. Transformation of the Roman World. pp. 119–121.
1003:
Visigothic settlement and the Iberian Peninsula, c. 418
169:(spoken to a certain extent, during this period, among
9593:
Fernández, Damián; Lester, Molly; Wood, Jamie (2023).
9310:
Broydé, Isaac Luria; et al. (1906). "France". In
9223:
9187:
8753:
3425:(569–586), ruled only south of the Pyrenees until 572
2992:
purposes and three of them in celebration of victory.
2873:, many Goths and their federated peoples, such as the
2389:(549–554), which prompted the Roman/Byzantine emperor
2238:, a fact which Odoacer formally accepted in a treaty.
1141:. This resulted at first in Theodoric's defeat at the
9447:
Law, Culture, and Regionalism in Early Medieval Spain
9442:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1989. Reprinted 1998.
9262:
9103:
Thompson, "The Barbarian Kingdoms in Gaul and Spain".
8768:
8759:
855:
and a good deal of southern Hispania, until 624 when
721:, it was originally created by the settlement of the
3639:(712), perhaps in opposition to Roderic and Agila II
3066:
The fourth and possibly final city of the Goths was
2808:
Resistance also continued in the regions around the
2393:
to send an army and carve out the small province of
9592:
9013:
3282:(c. 376–c. 380), rebel against Athanaric and Valens
2987:, most likely built just before the Muslim invasion
2840:Visigothic settlements were concentrated along the
2635:(642–653 AD) and completed in 654 by his son, king
2373:
on the breast defines the Visigothic attribution. (
9713:(in German). Richard Pflaum: 43–46. Archived from
9615:
9529:Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450–900
9489:The King and the Whore. King Roderick and La Cava
9253:
3633:(711–714), only in Tarraconensis and Narbonensis
3104:
1056:(in 413). After he married Placidia, the Emperor
10356:
9704:"Germanische Helme in westgotischen Münzbildern"
9694:, and the Settlement of the Goths in A.D. 418."
9573:
9217:
9205:
9181:
9169:
9157:
9145:
9133:
3627:(710–711), only in Lusitania and Carthaginiensis
2675:(672–680) was elected king. He had to deal with
9300:(Click on search link and enter above EDCS-ID.)
9019:
8966:
8708:
2952:, some further settlements were made along the
2253:and most of Hispania with the exception of the
10370:States and territories established in the 410s
8589:
8587:
3059:, built after a victory over the Asturians or
2545:Map showing the conquests of Leovigild, c. 586
2445:civil war that ensued after the death of King
2322:After Alaric II's death, his illegitimate son
2102:had taken most of Hispania. The Roman emperor
786:victory over the Gallo-Roman and Breton armies
752:central Europeans who had moved west from the
713:from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the
9967:
9830:
8861:
3419:(568–572), only ruled in Narbonensis from 569
2612:
2460:
2067:
1077:(reigned 415–418) by giving them land in the
875:). Starting in the 570s Athanagild's brother
10415:5th-century establishments in sub-Roman Gaul
9981:
9734:"The Barbarian Kingdoms in Gaul and Spain",
8663:(in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Madrid: Rialp.
3085:The possible fifth Visigothic foundation is
2317:
2241:By 500, the Visigothic Kingdom, centered at
2230:deposed the last Roman emperor in the West,
1007:From 407 to 409 AD, an alliance of Germanic
879:compensated for this loss by conquering the
10139:
9280:Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
9099:
9097:
9095:
8584:
8472:
3538:
3216:
3093:), mentioned as founded by Reccared in the
3050:
2935:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2857:
2784:
2778:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2622:
2600:
2270:
1086:
44:
9974:
9960:
9837:
9823:
9711:Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte
8869:. Cambridge University Press. p. 145.
3295:(followers of the theological teaching of
3161:, and such aqueducts are also attested in
2523:. The Byzantines were finally defeated by
2074:
2060:
90:
10425:8th-century disestablishments in Portugal
10380:Former countries on the Iberian Peninsula
10060:
9562:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.
8633:
8593:
8498:For evidence of Visigothic taxation, see
3211:. A Muslim source referred to Visigothic
3074:), founded using Basque labour in 621 by
2269:(484–507) issued a new body of laws, the
1069:In 418, Honorius rewarded his Visigothic
954:The Visigoths and their early kings were
544:600,000 km (230,000 sq mi)
536:500,000 km (190,000 sq mi)
9701:
9667:. Vol. II. Oxford University Press.
9505:
9092:
9078:. Marshall Cavendish. 2010. p. 60.
9048:
9020:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (15 April 2013).
9007:
8995:
8915:
8903:
8879:
8837:
8813:
8658:
3524:
3139:
3108:
2994:
2979:
2700:
2579:
2479:(brooches for fastening garments), Spain
2470:
2411:
2356:
2281:
2157:
1093:
998:
9792:
9763:
9665:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
9662:
9636:
9526:
9486:
9475:
9358:
9229:
9193:
8789:
8713:. Oxford University Press. p. 59.
8683:
8575:
14:
10430:8th-century disestablishments in Spain
10357:
9754:
9464:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
9303:
8927:
8867:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History
8774:
8733:
2504:after they had begun a new offensive.
2457:), the first barbarian king to do so.
2153:
2106:now sent the Visigoths into Hispania.
1803:Revolution and Asturian miners' strike
1038:, the sister of Western Roman emperor
887:(corresponding roughly to present-day
819:in modern historiography, the kingdom
9994:
9955:
9818:
9552:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.
8318:
8316:
8314:
8312:
8310:
8308:
8306:
8304:
8302:
8300:
8298:
8296:
8283:
8281:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8262:
8260:
8258:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8250:
8231:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8219:
8217:
8215:
8209:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8199:
8197:
8195:
8193:
8191:
8189:
8187:
8185:
8179:
8177:
8175:
8169:
8167:
8165:
8163:
8161:
8159:
8157:
8155:
8153:
8151:
8149:
8143:
8141:
8139:
8137:
8135:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8121:
8119:
8117:
8115:
8113:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8086:
8084:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8050:
8048:
8031:
8029:
8027:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8019:
8017:
8015:
7975:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7963:
7961:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7953:
7951:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7905:
7903:
7901:
7899:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7855:
7853:
7851:
7849:
7847:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7839:
7837:
7835:
7833:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7769:
7767:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7755:
7753:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7739:
7737:
7735:
7733:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7716:
7714:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7695:
7693:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7675:
7673:
7671:
7669:
7667:
7649:
7647:
7645:
7643:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7531:
7524:
7501:
7499:
7483:
7481:
7463:
7461:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7426:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7372:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7350:
7338:
7336:
7334:
7328:
7326:
7324:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7288:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7256:
7254:
7252:
7246:
7244:
7242:
7240:
7233:
7231:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7162:
7157:
7155:
7146:
7144:
7137:
7135:
7117:
7115:
7096:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7088:
7082:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7074:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7051:
7049:
7042:
7040:
7038:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7022:
7020:
7018:
7012:
7010:
7008:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6930:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6838:
6832:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6801:
6799:
6792:
6790:
6772:
6770:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6566:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6519:
6510:
6508:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6388:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6318:
6316:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6291:
6289:
6271:
6262:
6260:
6242:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6176:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6136:
6130:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6071:
6069:
6058:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6028:
6008:
6003:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5812:
5794:
5774:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5649:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5609:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5523:
5499:
5497:
5479:
5472:
5452:
5447:
5445:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5297:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5253:
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5249:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5193:
5191:
5175:
5166:
5164:
5155:
5135:
5133:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5100:
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5034:
5006:
5004:
5002:
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4994:
4992:
4990:
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4986:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4976:
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4972:
4970:
4968:
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4964:
4916:
4882:
4876:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
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4832:
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4806:
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4783:
4781:
4774:
4754:
4752:
4745:
4729:
4727:
4720:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4652:
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4648:
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4644:
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4598:
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4486:
4479:
4477:
4459:
4457:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
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4004:
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3984:
3971:
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3933:
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3929:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
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3815:
3813:
3811:
3795:
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3773:
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3759:
3757:
3755:
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3736:
3734:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3667:
2975:
2749:in 713 and invaded the north, taking
9657:Estudios de alta edad media española
9613:
9352:
9328:. Vol. V. New York and London:
9247:
9241:
9122:Estudios de alta edad media española
9024:. Cornell University Press. p.
8560:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 369.
3215:as the "abode of the sciences". The
3157:housed baths supplied with water by
1109:The Visigoths with their capital at
978:), which would become the basis for
800:. The Roman army was crushed in the
705:) occupied what is now southwestern
9440:The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–797
8760:Cameron, Ward; Perkins and Whitby.
3659:Kings of the Visigoths family tree
3382:
2621:: Book of Judgements), also called
2326:took power until he was deposed by
2126:) and then sacked Bracara Augusta (
1952:Catalan declaration of independence
994:
24:
10033:(Eastern) Roman Province of Spania
9789:. 3rd ed. London: Hutchison, 1967.
9641:(in German). Ferdinand Schöningh.
9449:. Great Yarmouth: Variorum, 1992.
9062:The New Cambridge Medieval History
3567:(649–672), son, initially co-king
3195:, a theologian and poet expert in
2713:In 711, Tariq ibn Ziyad, a Muslim
2690:
2483:On becoming King, Liuvigild's son
2334:, who invaded and defeated him at
1121:(418–451), the Visigoths attacked
821:lost much of its territory in Gaul
25:
10451:
10076:Province of the Umayyad Caliphate
9268:Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss/Slaby
9755:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010).
9751:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
9574:Fernández-Morera, Darío (2016).
9560:Visigothic Spain: New Approaches
8688:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 189.
8580:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 44.
3286:
3234:
3229:
2777:as constituting one people, the
2769:; this was the beginning of the
2550:
2538:
2361:Visigothic pseudo-imperial gold
2354:and then murdered at Barcelona.
2162:The Iberian peninsula around 476
2039:
2025:
1192:
1163:Battle of the Catalaunian Plains
636:
622:
597:
583:
569:
440:Battle of the Catalaunian Plains
69:
10304:Monarchs of Barcelona/Catalonia
9618:Lives of the Visigothic Fathers
9106:
9068:
9054:
8960:
8921:
8885:
8855:
8843:
8819:
8795:
8711:Wales and the Britons, 350–1064
8709:Charles-Edwards, T. M. (2013).
8636:The Basque History of the World
8489:Spanish surnames of Goth origin
2679:' revolts in Tarraconensis and
2275:, and held a church council at
1745:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
1145:in 436, but then in 439 at the
9599:. Amsterdam University Press.
8863:Previté-Orton, Charles William
8727:
8702:
8677:
8652:
8627:
8564:
8544:
3651:
3647:(714–721), only in Narbonensis
3431:(580–585), sub-king in Baetica
3276:(c. 376), rebel against Valens
3105:Culture and classical heritage
2835:
2812:with the establishment of the
2725:was in the north fighting the
2298:. Alaric II was killed at the
2170:, who was the youngest son of
2122:in 456 near Asturica Augusta (
1133:(in 436), but were checked by
13:
1:
10405:History of Portugal by polity
9783:Wallace-Hadrill, John Michael
9696:American Journal of Philology
9076:World and Its Peoples: Europe
8762:The Cambridge Ancient History
2985:Church of Santa Maria de Lara
2950:Galician Kingdom of the Suebi
2824:settled in the south and the
2475:Visigothic pair of eagles on
2430:Galician Kingdom of the Suebi
2420:The next Visigothic king was
2286:Clovis I fights the Visigoths
2118:, at the battle on the river
1444:War of the Spanish Succession
1153:; now Theodoric fought under
1065:Gothic War in Spain (416-418)
947:and became the leader of the
863:, which the Visigoths called
807:Sometimes referred to as the
477:• Conquest of Byzantine
10395:Medieval history of Portugal
9787:The Barbarian West, 400–1000
9736:Nottingham Mediaeval Studies
9506:Fouracre, Paul, ed. (2005).
8967:O'Callaghan, Joseph (1975).
8638:. Random House. p. 35.
3495:(626–631), son and associate
2697:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
2671:Following Recceswinth, King
2300:Battle of Campus Vogladensis
2098:on October 19, 439, and the
1404:Colonisation of the Americas
7:
10385:Former monarchies of Europe
9698:108, no. 4 (1987): 759–772.
9512:. Oxford University Press.
9487:Drayson, Elizabeth (2007).
9114:La città nell'alto medioevo
9022:A History of Medieval Spain
8971:A History of Medieval Spain
8482:
3144:Remains of the basilica of
2930:rivers, in an area between
2584:King Chindaswinth from the
2234:, Euric quickly recaptured
10:
10456:
10390:Medieval history of France
9702:Reinhart, Wilhelm (1951).
9433:American Historical Review
9421:
2968:former strongholds of the
2694:
2464:
2461:Catholic Kingdom of Toledo
2226:Visigothic control. After
2090:completed the conquest of
1942:2008–2014 financial crisis
1062:
989:
29:
10400:Medieval history of Spain
10274:
10204:Principality of Catalonia
10149:
10138:
10134:
10071:
10059:
10055:
10004:
9993:
9989:
9856:
9462:Visigothic Spain, 409–711
9330:Funk and Wagnalls Company
9120:(1958:319–358), in
8578:Visigothic Spain, 409–711
8183:
8181:
8173:
8171:
8147:
8145:
8009:
8007:
8005:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7987:
7985:
7983:
7949:
7945:
7943:
7941:
7929:
7925:
7923:
7921:
7915:
7913:
7911:
7885:
7883:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7875:
7869:
7867:
7865:
7863:
7861:
7859:
7811:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7793:
7791:
7789:
7787:
7720:
7718:
7679:
7677:
7661:
7659:
7657:
7623:
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7412:
7404:
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7390:
7360:
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7260:
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7060:
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6988:
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5897:
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5877:
5865:
5863:
5833:
5810:
5772:
5755:
5753:
5729:
5727:
5703:
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5515:
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5509:
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5505:
5477:
5470:
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5401:
5399:
5397:
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5393:
5383:
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5341:
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5333:
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5327:
5325:
5295:
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5215:
5213:
5173:
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5076:
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5000:
4998:
4958:
4956:
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4936:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4820:
4818:
4772:
4743:
4718:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4642:
4638:
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4634:
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4630:
4628:
4626:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4584:
4582:
4506:
4425:
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4421:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4347:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
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4331:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4279:
4248:
4208:
4160:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4122:
4120:
4108:
4104:
4092:
4088:
4082:
3982:
3960:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3549:of Egica—rather than the
3218:Institutionum disciplinae
3005:Chalcedonian Christianity
2493:Chalcedonian Christianity
2487:(586–601) converted from
2318:Arian Kingdom of Hispania
2255:Suebic Kingdom of Galicia
2214:when the Western emperor
1874:Spain during World War II
1705:Regency of María Cristina
1573:Regency of María Cristina
891:and the northern part of
839:after the new capital of
774:Western Roman Empire fell
652:
548:
540:
532:
527:
523:
506:
488:
475:
464:• Annexation of the
462:
449:
436:
426:
413:
409:
401:
397:
385:
373:
361:
349:
337:
325:
313:
301:
289:
277:
265:
253:
241:
237:
227:
217:
204:Chalcedonian Christianity
190:
138:
109:
89:
66:
61:
39:
27:418–720 kingdom in Iberia
9983:Spain in the Middle Ages
9793:Wolfram, Herwig (1988).
9759:. Vol. I. ABC-CLIO.
9639:Geschichte der Westgoten
9622:. Liverpool University.
9476:DeHondt, Justin (2012).
9435:78, no. 1 (1973): 11–34.
8928:Crouch, Jace T. (1994).
8634:Kurlansky, Mark (2011).
8537:
2709:, depicting king Roderic
1929:1981 coup d'état attempt
1729:Spain during World War I
1308:Kingdom of the Visigoths
792:in 469, Western Emperor
717:successor states to the
10142:Feudal Christian realms
9848:established around the
9338:2027/mdp.39015064245445
9325:The Jewish Encyclopedia
9320:Vizetelly, Frank Horace
8684:Heather, Peter (1991).
8659:Orlandis, José (2003).
8576:Collins, Roger (2004).
8550:Following the death of
8494:Romano-Germanic culture
3209:Carolingian Renaissance
2816:from 760 to 785 by the
2497:Third Council of Toledo
2365:in the name of Emperor
2114:the king of the Suebi,
1913:Transition to democracy
125:(507–542) (temporarily)
100:shown in light orange:
10289:Monarchs of al-Andalus
9637:Kampers, Gerd (2008).
9491:. Palgrave Macmillan.
9257:; Slaby, Wolfgang A.;
9184:, p. 41, note 94.
8600:Social Science History
3554:
3539:
3217:
3149:
3126:
3099:Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar
3051:
3012:
3011:. Senate Palace Spain.
2988:
2936:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2858:
2785:
2779:
2731:Julian, Count of Ceuta
2710:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2623:
2613:
2601:
2588:
2480:
2417:
2378:
2287:
2271:
2192:Hispania Tarraconensis
2163:
1947:2017 Barcelona attacks
1779:Provisional Government
1650:Provisional Government
1523:Absolutist restoration
1475:Abdications of Bayonne
1106:
1087:
1004:
975:
702:
45:
10420:721 disestablishments
9655:Lacarra, José María.
9527:Halsall, Guy (2003).
9374:10.4000/books.pan.951
9218:Fernández-Morera 2016
9206:Fernández-Morera 2016
9182:Fernández-Morera 2016
9170:Fernández-Morera 2016
9158:Fernández-Morera 2016
9146:Fernández-Morera 2016
9134:Fernández-Morera 2016
8934:Mediterranean Studies
8894:vol. 14, pp. 122–124.
8852:vol. 14, pp. 113–114.
8501:De fisco Barcinonensi
3528:
3176:treasure of Guarrazar
3143:
3123:Treasure of Guarrazar
3112:
2998:
2983:
2705:Copy of a mural from
2704:
2583:
2474:
2415:
2360:
2285:
2161:
1934:Madrid train bombings
1811:1936 general election
1713:Reign of Alfonso XIII
1499:Constitution of Cádiz
1097:
1002:
510:Umayyad occupation of
139:Common languages
10339:Monarchs of Valencia
10299:Monarchs of Asturias
10086:Caliphate of Córdoba
10026:Kingdom of the Suebi
9906:Kingdom of the Aurès
9866:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
9796:History of the Goths
9614:Fear, A. T. (1997).
9429:Bachrach, Bernard S.
9312:Funk, Isaac Kaufmann
3193:Eugenius I of Toledo
3040:Sancho VI of Navarre
2631:promulgated by king
2112:invaded and defeated
1960:Coronavirus pandemic
1921:Current constitution
1906:Contemporary history
1721:Spanish–American War
1697:Reign of Alfonso XII
1589:Regency of Espartero
1566:Reign of Isabella II
1452:Nueva Planta Decrees
1300:Kingdom of the Suebi
881:Kingdom of the Suebi
873:Province of Alicante
719:Western Roman Empire
695:Kingdom of the Goths
591:Kingdom of the Suebi
577:Western Roman Empire
148:(spoken among elite)
104:was annexed in 585).
102:Kingdom of the Suebi
41:Kingdom of the Goths
30:For other uses, see
10334:Monarchs of Navarre
10329:Monarchs of Majorca
10319:Monarchs of Granada
10314:Monarchs of Galicia
10309:Monarchs of Castile
10279:Visigothic monarchs
10260:Kingdom of Valencia
10228:Kingdom of Artajona
10209:Kingdom of Pamplona
10200:County of Barcelona
10154:Kingdom of Asturias
9916:Ostrogothic kingdom
9686:Sivan, Hagith. "On
9261:; Woitas, Barbara.
9051:, pp. 369–370.
9010:, pp. 360–369.
8998:, pp. 356–360.
8918:, pp. 350–353.
8906:, pp. 346–350.
8882:, pp. 183–209.
8840:, pp. 167–171.
3541:requiescunt in pace
3368:Theodoric the Great
3205:Theodulf of Orléans
3021:Zorita de los Canes
2767:battle of Covadonga
2737:in the province of
2438:Nicene Christianity
2369:, 6th century: the
2332:Ostrogothic Kingdom
2328:Theodoric the Great
2154:Kingdom of Toulouse
1835:Nationalist victory
1756:of Dámaso Berenguer
1642:Sexenio Democrático
1625:Glorious Revolution
1531:Sexenio Absolutista
1381:Early modern period
1280:Diocese of Hispania
960:Nicene Christianity
937:Kingdom of Asturias
909:especially the Jews
813:Kingdom of Toulouse
748:The Visigoths were
729:in the province of
632:Kingdom of Asturias
498:conquest of Toledo
492:Battle of Guadalete
428:• Established
296:Theodoric the Great
10435:Barbarian kingdoms
10410:418 establishments
10365:Visigothic Kingdom
10294:Monarchs of Aragon
10255:Kingdom of Majorca
10218:Kingdom of Viguera
10213:Kingdom of Navarre
10175:Kingdom of Castile
10163:Kingdom of Galicia
10122:Emirate of Granada
10081:Emirate of Córdoba
10038:Duchy of Cantabria
10014:Visigothic Kingdom
9941:Visigothic kingdom
9901:Kingdom of Odoacer
9871:Burgundian kingdom
9861:Alamannian kingdom
9846:Barbarian kingdoms
9768:. pp. 11–56.
9749:The Goths in Spain
8517:Barbarian Kingdoms
8507:Councils of Toledo
4790:King of the Franks
3555:
3183:Isidore of Seville
3150:
3127:
3047:Isidore of Seville
3013:
2989:
2976:Founding of cities
2711:
2642:Breviarium Alarici
2589:
2481:
2418:
2379:
2288:
2272:Breviarium Alarici
2251:Gallia Narbonensis
2232:Romulus Augustulus
2164:
2046:History portal
1616:Bienio progresista
1607:Second Carlist War
1507:Treaty of Valençay
1365:Christian kingdoms
1236:Carthaginian Spain
1211:Prehistoric Iberia
1147:Battle of Toulouse
1143:Battle of Narbonne
1139:Hunnic mercenaries
1107:
1032:sacked Rome in 410
1005:
964:Councils of Toledo
921:Leander of Seville
815:after its capital
687:Visigothic Kingdom
157:Vasconic languages
10352:
10351:
10270:
10269:
10246:Kingdom of Aragon
10223:Kingdom of Najera
10189:Kingdom of Toledo
10168:County of Castile
10130:
10129:
10110:Almohad Caliphate
10098:Almoravid Emirate
10051:
10050:
10043:Duchy of Vasconia
9997:Early Middle Ages
9949:
9948:
9926:Sub-Roman Britain
9896:Kingdom of Altava
9775:978-84-615-2931-5
9659:. Valencia: 1975.
9606:978-94-6372-641-2
9519:978-0-521-36291-7
9482:. Albion College.
9208:, pp. 68–69.
9172:, pp. 60–64.
9160:, pp. 68–70.
9136:, pp. 57–59.
9085:978-0-7614-7883-6
9035:978-0-8014-6872-8
8892:Cambridge Ancient
8850:Cambridge Ancient
8826:Cambridge Ancient
8802:Cambridge Ancient
8522:Visigothic script
8480:
8479:
8335:Iberian Peninsula
8328:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8248:
8236:
8096:
8081:
8059:
8056:Bishop of Seville
8046:
7830:
7784:
7731:
7529:
7519:
7496:
7478:
7458:
7238:
7229:
7212:
7153:
7150:Duke of Cantabria
7132:
7112:
7056:
7047:
6816:
6797:
6787:
6767:
6579:
6562:
6537:
6515:
6505:
6333:
6314:
6286:
6267:
6257:
6066:
6053:
6033:
6023:
5828:
5807:
5787:
5769:
5494:
5467:
5442:
5208:
5188:
5171:
5162:
5150:
5130:
4797:
4779:
4769:
4750:
4741:
4725:
4715:
4546:
4529:
4503:
4484:
4474:
4454:
4255:
4245:
4224:
4215:
4205:
4021:
4014:
3999:
3979:
3967:
3957:
3749:
3741:
3731:
3721:
3701:
3370:(511–526), regent
3291:These kings were
3052:Lugo id est Luceo
2940:, around Central
2871:Battle of Vouille
2681:Hilderic of Nimes
2660:comites civitatis
2453:and Victoriacum (
2084:
2083:
2001:Religious history
1690:Restoration Spain
1666:Third Carlist War
1658:Reign of Amadeo I
1581:First Carlist War
1388:Catholic Monarchs
1293:Early Middle Ages
1231:Pre-Roman peoples
1103:Fabrizio Castello
837:Kingdom of Toledo
711:Iberian Peninsula
683:
682:
648:
647:
644:
643:
618:Umayyad Caliphate
610:
609:
453:Battle of Vouillé
98:Battle of Vouillé
16:(Redirected from
10447:
10324:Monarchs of León
10242:County of Aragon
10236:
10196:Catalan counties
10179:Crown of Castile
10136:
10135:
10057:
10056:
9991:
9990:
9976:
9969:
9962:
9953:
9952:
9876:Frankish kingdom
9850:Migration Period
9839:
9832:
9825:
9816:
9815:
9810:
9779:
9760:
9728:
9726:
9725:
9719:
9708:
9668:
9652:
9633:
9621:
9610:
9589:
9542:
9523:
9502:
9483:
9460:Collins, Roger.
9445:Collins, Roger.
9438:Collins, Roger.
9415:
9414:
9405:
9403:
9394:. Archived from
9356:
9350:
9349:
9307:
9301:
9299:
9297:
9295:
9276:
9251:
9245:
9239:
9233:
9227:
9221:
9215:
9209:
9203:
9197:
9191:
9185:
9179:
9173:
9167:
9161:
9155:
9149:
9143:
9137:
9131:
9125:
9110:
9104:
9101:
9090:
9089:
9072:
9066:
9065:
9058:
9052:
9046:
9040:
9039:
9017:
9011:
9005:
8999:
8993:
8987:
8986:
8974:
8964:
8958:
8957:
8925:
8919:
8913:
8907:
8901:
8895:
8889:
8883:
8877:
8871:
8870:
8859:
8853:
8847:
8841:
8835:
8829:
8823:
8817:
8811:
8805:
8804:vol. 14, p. 113.
8799:
8793:
8787:
8778:
8772:
8766:
8765:
8757:
8751:
8749:
8731:
8725:
8724:
8706:
8700:
8699:
8681:
8675:
8674:
8656:
8650:
8649:
8631:
8625:
8624:
8591:
8582:
8581:
8568:
8562:
8561:
8548:
8512:Germanic peoples
8330:
8329:
8294:
8279:
8242:
8232:
8097:
8092:
8082:
8075:King of Asturias
8074:
8055:
8036:
7831:
7824:
7785:
7775:
7727:
7712:
7527:
7520:
7507:
7497:
7490:King of Asturias
7489:
7479:
7469:
7459:
7446:
7234:
7225:
7208:
7149:
7133:
7123:
7113:
7102:
7052:
7043:
6817:
6807:
6795:
6788:
6777:
6768:
6758:
6580:
6573:King of Burgundy
6572:
6560:
6538:
6525:
6513:
6506:
6496:
6334:
6324:
6312:
6287:
6277:
6263:
6258:
6248:
6067:
6064:
6054:
6051:
6031:
6024:
6014:
5829:
5818:
5808:
5800:
5788:
5781:King of Neustria
5780:
5770:
5767:
5495:
5485:
5468:
5458:
5443:
5433:
5209:
5199:
5189:
5181:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5141:
5131:
5120:
4798:
4789:
4777:
4770:
4760:
4748:
4734:
4721:
4716:
4704:
4533:K. of Ostrogoths
4532:
4527:
4504:
4494:
4482:
4475:
4465:
4455:
4445:
4251:
4246:
4234:
4222:
4211:
4206:
4196:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4000:
3990:
3980:
3977:
3963:
3958:
3948:
3938:
3747:
3737:
3732:
3724:
3719:
3702:
3697:
3665:
3664:
3656:
3655:
3593:(672–673), rebel
3544:
3509:(632–633), rebel
3451:(589–590), rebel
3445:(586–587), rebel
3383:Post-Balti kings
3220:
3089:(perhaps modern
3054:
2942:Castile and León
2939:
2934:, also known as
2932:Tierra de Campos
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2861:
2788:
2782:
2729:. The tale that
2662:
2656:
2654:duces provinciae
2650:
2644:
2626:
2624:Lex Visigothorum
2616:
2606:
2603:Liber Iudiciorum
2586:Códex Albedense.
2554:
2542:
2502:Hispania Baetica
2399:Byzantine Empire
2274:
2247:Gallia Aquitania
2132:Hispania Baetica
2076:
2069:
2062:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2032:Spain portal
2030:
2029:
2028:
1996:Military history
1981:Economic history
1964:
1956:
1938:
1925:
1917:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1866:Republican exile
1862:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1819:1936 coup d'état
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1760:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1678:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1629:
1621:
1611:
1603:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1554:
1546:
1536:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1483:Napoleonic Spain
1479:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1369:
1361:
1351:
1343:
1320:
1316:Byzantine Spania
1312:
1304:
1271:
1270:(218 BCE–472 CE)
1263:
1240:
1196:
1186:
1168:
1167:
1090:
1083:Gallia Aquitania
995:Federate kingdom
976:Liber Iudiciorum
833:Regnum Toletanum
743:Byzantine Empire
731:Gallia Aquitania
691:Visigothic Spain
640:
639:
626:
625:
614:
613:
601:
600:
587:
586:
573:
572:
566:
565:
550:
549:
515:
94:
73:
56:
48:
37:
36:
21:
18:Visigothic Spain
10455:
10454:
10450:
10449:
10448:
10446:
10445:
10444:
10440:Former kingdoms
10355:
10354:
10353:
10348:
10344:Military orders
10284:Suebic monarchs
10266:
10250:Crown of Aragon
10230:
10158:Kingdom of León
10145:
10126:
10067:
10047:
10000:
9985:
9980:
9950:
9945:
9931:Suebian kingdom
9911:Lombard kingdom
9881:Frisian kingdom
9852:
9843:
9813:
9807:
9776:
9746:Thompson, E. A.
9732:Thompson, E. A.
9723:
9721:
9717:
9706:
9649:
9630:
9607:
9586:
9539:
9520:
9499:
9424:
9419:
9418:
9401:
9399:
9398:on May 29, 2020
9384:
9357:
9353:
9332:. p. 445.
9316:Singer, Isidore
9308:
9304:
9293:
9291:
9290:. EDCS-28300234
9270:
9263:"EDCS-28300234"
9255:Clauss, Manfred
9252:
9248:
9240:
9236:
9228:
9224:
9216:
9212:
9204:
9200:
9192:
9188:
9180:
9176:
9168:
9164:
9156:
9152:
9144:
9140:
9132:
9128:
9111:
9107:
9102:
9093:
9086:
9074:
9073:
9069:
9060:
9059:
9055:
9047:
9043:
9036:
9018:
9014:
9006:
9002:
8994:
8990:
8983:
8965:
8961:
8926:
8922:
8914:
8910:
8902:
8898:
8890:
8886:
8878:
8874:
8860:
8856:
8848:
8844:
8836:
8832:
8828:vol. 14, p. 24.
8824:
8820:
8812:
8808:
8800:
8796:
8792:, p. 1475.
8788:
8781:
8773:
8769:
8758:
8754:
8746:
8732:
8728:
8721:
8707:
8703:
8696:
8682:
8678:
8671:
8657:
8653:
8646:
8632:
8628:
8613:10.2307/1170959
8595:Taagepera, Rein
8592:
8585:
8569:
8565:
8549:
8545:
8540:
8485:
8334:
8333:Monarchs of the
8290:
8288:
8284:
8275:
8273:
8269:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8237:
8094:
8091:
8087:
8076:
8073:
8069:
8057:
8054:
8040:
8038:
8035:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7819:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7770:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7526:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7491:
7488:
7484:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7464:
7454:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7441:
7430:
7151:
7148:
7141:
7139:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7118:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7097:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6802:
6794:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6773:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6753:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6559:
6533:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6512:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6491:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6311:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6063:
6059:
6050:
6046:
6030:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6009:
5823:
5817:
5813:
5805:
5799:
5795:
5782:
5779:
5775:
5766:
5762:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5168:
5159:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4776:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4747:
4736:
4733:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4541:
4539:
4534:
4531:
4526:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4481:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4240:
4239:King of Galicia
4238:
4233:
4229:
4221:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4005:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3976:
3972:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3934:
3746:
3742:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3654:
3551:Hebrew calendar
3385:
3289:
3237:
3232:
3135:Thomas F. Glick
3107:
2978:
2956:river north of
2892:Emerita Augusta
2838:
2818:Frankish Empire
2814:Marca Hispanica
2735:Guadalete River
2719:Musa bin Nusair
2699:
2693:
2691:Muslim conquest
2629:Visigothic Code
2562:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2469:
2463:
2409:of the Empire.
2371:Christian cross
2330:, ruler of the
2320:
2156:
2136:Carthaginiensis
2080:
2051:
2040:
2038:
2026:
2024:
2006:
2005:
1986:Law enforcement
1976:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1936:
1923:
1915:
1908:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1890:Basque conflict
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1853:
1851:Francoist Spain
1843:
1842:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1795:Second Biennium
1789:
1781:
1774:
1772:Second Republic
1764:
1763:
1758:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1692:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1645:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1619:
1609:
1601:
1598:Década moderada
1591:
1583:
1575:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1541:Trienio Liberal
1534:
1525:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1491:Cortes of Cádiz
1485:
1477:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1383:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1349:
1341:
1339:Muslim conquest
1334:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1269:
1261:
1254:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1206:
1184:
1177:
1067:
997:
992:
982:throughout the
968:Visigothic Code
913:Visigothic Code
904:Gothic language
802:Battle of Arles
703:Regnum Gothorum
679:
637:
623:
598:
584:
570:
516:
511:
509:
499:
481:
468:
455:
442:
429:
419:
388:
387:• 714–720
376:
375:• 710–711
364:
363:• 694–710
352:
351:• 649–672
340:
339:• 621–631
328:
327:• 612–621
316:
315:• 586–601
304:
303:• 568–586
292:
291:• 511–526
280:
279:• 484–507
268:
267:• 466–484
256:
255:• 418–451
244:
243:• 415–418
213:
198:Gothic paganism
186:
179:(spoken by the
134:
105:
85:
84:
74:
57:
50:
46:Regnum Gothorum
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10453:
10443:
10442:
10437:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10275:
10272:
10271:
10268:
10267:
10265:
10264:
10263:
10262:
10257:
10239:
10238:
10237:
10225:
10220:
10206:
10193:
10192:
10191:
10172:
10171:
10170:
10165:
10150:
10147:
10146:
10132:
10131:
10128:
10127:
10125:
10124:
10119:
10112:
10107:
10100:
10095:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10072:
10069:
10068:
10053:
10052:
10049:
10048:
10046:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10029:
10028:
10018:
10017:
10016:
10005:
10002:
10001:
9987:
9986:
9979:
9978:
9971:
9964:
9956:
9947:
9946:
9944:
9943:
9938:
9936:Vandal kingdom
9933:
9928:
9923:
9921:Rugian kingdom
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9857:
9854:
9853:
9842:
9841:
9834:
9827:
9819:
9812:
9811:
9805:
9790:
9780:
9774:
9761:
9752:
9743:
9729:
9699:
9684:
9670:
9660:
9653:
9647:
9634:
9628:
9611:
9605:
9590:
9584:
9571:
9553:
9546:Heather, Peter
9543:
9537:
9524:
9518:
9503:
9497:
9484:
9473:
9458:
9443:
9436:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9417:
9416:
9382:
9360:Fellous, Sonia
9351:
9302:
9246:
9234:
9232:, p. 322.
9222:
9210:
9198:
9196:, p. 321.
9186:
9174:
9162:
9150:
9148:, p. 238.
9138:
9126:
9105:
9091:
9084:
9067:
9053:
9041:
9034:
9012:
9000:
8988:
8981:
8959:
8920:
8908:
8896:
8884:
8872:
8854:
8842:
8830:
8818:
8816:, p. 165.
8806:
8794:
8779:
8777:, p. 365.
8767:
8752:
8744:
8726:
8719:
8701:
8694:
8676:
8669:
8651:
8644:
8626:
8583:
8563:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8535:
8534:
8532:Protofeudalism
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8496:
8491:
8484:
8481:
8478:
8477:
8476:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8435:
8425:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8385:
8380:
8370:
8365:
8355:
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4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
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4085:
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4079:
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4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
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4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4003:
4001:
3983:
3981:
3974:Galla Placidia
3970:
3968:
3961:
3959:
3941:
3939:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3915:
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3910:
3908:
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3900:
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3854:
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3850:
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3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3735:
3733:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3661:
3660:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3588:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3562:
3556:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3459:(601–603), son
3454:
3453:
3452:
3446:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3251:
3246:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3121:, part of the
3106:
3103:
2999:Conversion of
2977:
2974:
2937:Campi Gothorum
2844:River between
2837:
2834:
2826:Meseta Central
2695:Main article:
2692:
2689:
2677:Flavius Paulus
2657:) and counts (
2591:The reigns of
2556:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2467:Protofeudalism
2462:
2459:
2375:British Museum
2319:
2316:
2314:in the south.
2265:. Euric's son
2155:
2152:
2144:Libius Severus
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2035:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:(2020–present)
1957:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1926:
1918:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1858:Spanish Maquis
1854:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1787:First Biennium
1784:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1674:First Republic
1671:
1663:
1655:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1612:
1604:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1550:Ominous Decade
1547:
1537:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1471:
1468:Peninsular War
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1352:
1344:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1264:
1259:Roman Conquest
1255:
1252:Roman Hispania
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1159:Attila the Hun
1155:Flavius Aetius
1063:Main article:
1036:Galla Placidia
996:
993:
991:
988:
929:Umayyad troops
809:Regnum Tolosae
756:. They became
681:
680:
678:
677:
672:
667:
662:
656:
654:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
634:
628:
627:
620:
611:
608:
607:
602:
594:
593:
588:
580:
579:
574:
562:
561:
556:
546:
545:
542:
538:
537:
534:
530:
529:
525:
524:
521:
520:
517:
507:
504:
503:
500:
489:
486:
485:
482:
476:
473:
472:
469:
466:Suebic Kingdom
463:
460:
459:
456:
450:
447:
446:
443:
437:
434:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
420:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
399:
398:
395:
394:
389:
386:
383:
382:
377:
374:
371:
370:
365:
362:
359:
358:
353:
350:
347:
346:
341:
338:
335:
334:
329:
326:
323:
322:
317:
314:
311:
310:
305:
302:
299:
298:
293:
290:
287:
286:
281:
278:
275:
274:
269:
266:
263:
262:
257:
254:
251:
250:
245:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
231:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
212:
211:
206:
201:
194:
192:
188:
187:
185:
184:
183:of Aurelianum)
174:
160:
154:
149:
142:
140:
136:
135:
133:
132:
126:
120:
113:
111:
107:
106:
95:
87:
86:
75:
68:
67:
64:
63:
59:
58:
43:
40:
32:Gothic Kingdom
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10452:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10362:
10360:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10276:
10273:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10252:
10251:
10247:
10243:
10240:
10234:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10215:
10214:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10201:
10197:
10194:
10190:
10187:
10186:
10184:
10180:
10176:
10173:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10160:
10159:
10155:
10152:
10151:
10148:
10144:
10143:
10137:
10133:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10117:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10105:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10093:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10073:
10070:
10065:
10064:
10058:
10054:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10027:
10024:
10023:
10022:
10019:
10015:
10012:
10011:
10010:
10007:
10006:
10003:
9999:
9998:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9977:
9972:
9970:
9965:
9963:
9958:
9957:
9954:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9891:Hunnic empire
9889:
9887:
9886:Gepid kingdom
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9858:
9855:
9851:
9847:
9840:
9835:
9833:
9828:
9826:
9821:
9820:
9817:
9808:
9806:0-520-05259-5
9802:
9798:
9797:
9791:
9788:
9784:
9781:
9777:
9771:
9767:
9762:
9758:
9753:
9750:
9747:
9744:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9730:
9720:on 2020-07-16
9716:
9712:
9705:
9700:
9697:
9693:
9689:
9685:
9683:
9682:9789089647771
9679:
9675:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9658:
9654:
9650:
9648:9783506765178
9644:
9640:
9635:
9631:
9625:
9620:
9619:
9612:
9608:
9602:
9598:
9597:
9591:
9587:
9585:9781504034692
9581:
9578:. ISI Books.
9577:
9572:
9569:
9568:0-19-822543-1
9565:
9561:
9557:
9556:James, Edward
9554:
9551:
9547:
9544:
9540:
9534:
9531:. Routledge.
9530:
9525:
9521:
9515:
9511:
9510:
9504:
9500:
9498:9781403974365
9494:
9490:
9485:
9481:
9480:
9474:
9471:
9470:0-631-18185-7
9467:
9463:
9459:
9456:
9455:0-86078-308-1
9452:
9448:
9444:
9441:
9437:
9434:
9430:
9427:
9426:
9413:
9411:
9402:September 26,
9397:
9393:
9389:
9385:
9383:9791036512308
9379:
9375:
9371:
9368:(in French).
9367:
9366:
9361:
9355:
9347:
9343:
9339:
9335:
9331:
9327:
9326:
9321:
9317:
9313:
9306:
9294:September 26,
9289:
9285:
9281:
9278:(in German).
9277:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9260:
9256:
9250:
9244:, XXII-XXIII.
9243:
9238:
9231:
9226:
9220:, p. 70.
9219:
9214:
9207:
9202:
9195:
9190:
9183:
9178:
9171:
9166:
9159:
9154:
9147:
9142:
9135:
9130:
9123:
9119:
9115:
9109:
9100:
9098:
9096:
9087:
9081:
9077:
9071:
9063:
9057:
9050:
9049:Fouracre 2005
9045:
9037:
9031:
9027:
9023:
9016:
9009:
9008:Fouracre 2005
9004:
8997:
8996:Fouracre 2005
8992:
8984:
8982:9780801492648
8978:
8973:
8972:
8963:
8955:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8939:
8935:
8931:
8924:
8917:
8916:Fouracre 2005
8912:
8905:
8904:Fouracre 2005
8900:
8893:
8888:
8881:
8880:Fouracre 2005
8876:
8868:
8864:
8858:
8851:
8846:
8839:
8838:Fouracre 2005
8834:
8827:
8822:
8815:
8814:Fouracre 2005
8810:
8803:
8798:
8791:
8786:
8784:
8776:
8771:
8763:
8756:
8747:
8745:90-04-10846-7
8741:
8737:
8730:
8722:
8720:9780198217312
8716:
8712:
8705:
8697:
8695:9780631165361
8691:
8687:
8680:
8672:
8666:
8662:
8655:
8647:
8645:9781448113224
8641:
8637:
8630:
8622:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8601:
8596:
8590:
8588:
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8573:
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8543:
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8528:
8525:
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8520:
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8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8502:
8497:
8495:
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8487:
8486:
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8471:
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8466:
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8461:
8459:
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8451:
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8440:
8436:
8433:
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8423:
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8414:
8411:
8409:
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8401:
8399:
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8390:
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8369:
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4922:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4884:
4872:
4864:
4862:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4817:
4795:
4787:
4768:
4758:
4740:
4735:King of Italy
4732:
4724:
4714:
4709:
4702:
4689:
4686:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4640:
4624:
4622:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4545:
4538:
4530:
4502:
4492:
4473:
4463:
4453:
4443:
4430:
4427:
4419:
4417:
4401:
4399:
4391:
4389:
4381:
4379:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4345:
4317:
4315:
4295:
4293:
4282:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4254:
4244:
4237:
4232:
4214:
4204:
4194:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4078:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4020:
4008:
3998:
3988:
3975:
3966:
3956:
3946:
3937:
3916:
3913:
3905:
3903:
3895:
3893:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3847:
3839:
3837:
3829:
3827:
3819:
3817:
3807:
3799:
3797:
3778:
3776:
3745:
3740:
3730:
3725:Roman Emperor
3722:
3700:the Visigoths
3695:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3287:Balti dynasty
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:Terving kings
3230:List of kings
3227:
3225:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:votive crowns
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3009:Muñoz Degrain
3007:, painted by
3006:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2982:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2913:(Toledo) and
2911:
2905:
2901:(Barcelona),
2899:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2780:gens Gothorum
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2553:
2541:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2245:, controlled
2244:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:and southern
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2096:took Carthage
2093:
2089:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1882:Blue Division
1880:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1428:Iberian Union
1426:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1239:(575–206 BCE)
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:Early history
1220:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:and 430) and
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:and Germanic
1014:
1010:
1001:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:Danube Valley
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
733:in southwest
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
655:
653:Today part of
651:
635:
633:
630:
629:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
606:
603:
596:
595:
592:
589:
582:
581:
578:
575:
568:
567:
564:
563:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
505:
501:
497:
493:
487:
483:
480:
474:
470:
467:
461:
457:
454:
448:
444:
441:
435:
431:
425:
421:
418:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
390:
384:
381:
378:
372:
369:
366:
360:
357:
354:
348:
345:
342:
336:
333:
330:
324:
321:
318:
312:
309:
306:
300:
297:
294:
288:
285:
282:
276:
273:
270:
264:
261:
258:
252:
249:
246:
240:
236:
232:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
210:
207:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
193:
189:
182:
178:
175:
172:
168:
164:
161:
158:
155:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
141:
137:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
112:
108:
103:
99:
93:
88:
82:
78:
72:
65:
60:
54:
47:
38:
33:
19:
10183:Castile-León
10182:
10140:
10114:
10104:Second Taifa
10102:
10090:
10061:
10013:
9995:
9940:
9795:
9786:
9765:
9756:
9748:
9742:(1963:4n11).
9739:
9735:
9722:. Retrieved
9715:the original
9710:
9695:
9692:Hospitalitas
9691:
9687:
9673:
9664:
9656:
9638:
9617:
9595:
9575:
9559:
9549:
9528:
9508:
9488:
9478:
9461:
9446:
9439:
9432:
9407:
9400:. Retrieved
9396:the original
9364:
9354:
9323:
9305:
9292:. Retrieved
9266:
9249:
9237:
9230:Kampers 2008
9225:
9213:
9201:
9194:Kampers 2008
9189:
9177:
9165:
9153:
9141:
9129:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9108:
9075:
9070:
9061:
9056:
9044:
9021:
9015:
9003:
8991:
8970:
8962:
8937:
8933:
8923:
8911:
8899:
8891:
8887:
8875:
8866:
8857:
8849:
8845:
8833:
8825:
8821:
8809:
8801:
8797:
8790:Barrett 2018
8770:
8761:
8755:
8735:
8729:
8710:
8704:
8685:
8679:
8660:
8654:
8635:
8629:
8607:(3/4): 126.
8604:
8598:
8577:
8574:(died 567).
8566:
8557:
8554:(531). See:
8546:
8499:
8286:Kings of the
8271:Kings of the
8233:
8093:of Cantabria
8078:
8042:
7781:
7728:
7704:Kings of the
7516:
7512:
7493:
7475:
7452:
7427:
7235:
7226:
7209:
7129:
7108:
7103:King of the
7053:
7044:
6813:
6804:Chindasuinth
6784:
6779:King of the
6764:
6576:
6569:Theuderic II
6531:
6502:
6330:
6283:
6264:
6254:
6249:King of the
6020:
5825:
5784:
5491:
5464:
5439:
5205:
5185:
5182:King of Metz
5147:
5142:King of the
5126:
4793:
4766:
4761:King of the
4738:
4722:
4712:
4543:
4536:
4509:Ragnachildis
4500:
4471:
4462:Theodoric II
4451:
4252:
4242:
4212:
4202:
4018:
3996:
3964:
3954:
3738:
3728:
3717:Theodosius I
3613:(693), rebel
3587:(672), rebel
3573:(653), rebel
3559:Chindaswinth
3386:
3344:Theodoric II
3290:
3238:
3186:
3180:
3151:
3128:
3115:votive crown
3094:
3086:
3084:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3044:
3031:
3029:
3014:
2990:
2864:
2839:
2807:
2775:
2712:
2670:
2633:Chindaswinth
2595:and his son
2593:Chindaswinth
2590:
2575:Chindaswinth
2563:
2506:
2482:
2419:
2381:Afterwards,
2380:
2352:Childebert I
2321:
2289:
2240:
2223:
2216:Julius Nepos
2176:Theodoric II
2165:
2148:Gallo-Romans
2108:Theodoric II
2092:North Africa
2085:
2037:
2023:
2011:
1991:LGBT history
1753:
1640:
1614:
1596:
1539:
1529:
1355:
1307:
1275:Romanization
1262:(206–27 BCE)
1114:
1108:
1088:hospitalitas
1068:
1044:
1034:, capturing
1006:
953:
943:was elected
933:North Africa
901:
864:
860:
836:
832:
812:
808:
806:
747:
694:
690:
686:
684:
559:Succeeded by
558:
553:
417:Sack of Rome
152:Vulgar Latin
10231: [
10116:Third Taifa
10092:First Taifa
9271: [
8775:Tucker 2010
8447:Family tree
8432:Family tree
8422:Family tree
8377:Family tree
8362:Family tree
8243:King of the
8037:King of the
7776:King of the
7508:King of the
7470:King of the
7447:King of the
7124:King of the
7120:Recceswinth
6808:King of the
6759:King of the
6526:King of the
6497:King of the
6493:Reccared II
6325:King of the
6278:King of the
6065:568/567–585
6048:Hermenegild
6015:King of the
5777:Chilperic I
5486:King of the
5459:King of the
5434:King of the
5178:Theuderic I
5121:King of the
4775:Theodegotha
4495:King of the
4466:King of the
4446:King of the
4197:King of the
4193:Theodoric I
4011:King of the
3991:King of the
3949:King of the
3698:Sub-king of
3652:Family tree
3565:Recceswinth
3547:regnal year
3481:Reccared II
3429:Hermenegild
3399:Theudigisel
3332:Theodoric I
3197:mathematics
3188:Etymologies
3119:Recceswinth
3032:Victoriacum
3027:conquest).
3015:The first,
2915:Septimanian
2907:(Seville),
2836:Settlements
2771:Reconquista
2707:Qusayr Amra
2665:Recceswinth
2637:Recceswinth
2614:Fuero Juzgo
2597:Recceswinth
2434:Hermenegild
2391:Justinian I
2367:Justinian I
2296:Burgundians
2263:Cantabrians
2172:Theodoric I
1916:(1975–1978)
1893:(1959–2011)
1885:(1941–1944)
1877:(1939–1945)
1869:(1939–1977)
1861:(1939–1965)
1830:(1936–1939)
1798:(1933–1936)
1790:(1931–1933)
1759:(1930–1931)
1754:Dictablanda
1748:(1923–1930)
1732:(1914–1918)
1716:(1886–1931)
1708:(1885–1902)
1700:(1874–1885)
1677:(1873–1874)
1669:(1872–1876)
1661:(1870–1873)
1653:(1868–1871)
1620:(1854–1856)
1610:(1846–1849)
1602:(1844–1854)
1592:(1840–1843)
1584:(1833–1840)
1576:(1833–1840)
1553:(1823–1833)
1545:(1820–1823)
1535:(1814–1820)
1494:(1810–1814)
1486:(1808–1813)
1455:(1707–1716)
1447:(1701–1714)
1439:(1700–1808)
1431:(1580–1640)
1423:(1556–1659)
1415:(1516–1700)
1407:(1492–1898)
1399:(1482–1492)
1396:Granada War
1391:(1479–1516)
1356:Reconquista
1332:Middle Ages
1183:History of
1119:Theodoric I
1113:, remained
1105:(1560–1617)
1099:Theodoric I
1073:under King
1022:the frozen
984:Middle Ages
980:Spanish law
849:Justinian I
725:under King
554:Preceded by
356:Recceswinth
260:Theodoric I
200:(initially)
10359:Categories
10066:(711-1492)
10063:Al-Andalus
9724:2018-04-12
9629:0853235821
9538:0415239400
9392:1193020908
9259:Kolb, Anne
8670:8432134694
8572:Athanagild
8353:Almoravids
8343:al-Andalus
8289:Kingdom of
8274:Kingdom of
8247:?–711–714?
7707:Kingdom of
7138:Theodofred
6822:Recciberga
6558:Ermenberga
6310:Atanagildo
6029:Chlodosind
6011:Reccared I
5815:Sigebert I
5764:Galswintha
5482:Athanagild
5474:Goiswintha
5202:the Franks
5196:Chlothar I
4442:Thorismund
4220:Theodosius
3694:Rothesteus
3607:(687–702)
3581:(672–680)
3503:(631–636)
3489:(621–631)
3483:(621), son
3437:Reccared I
3411:Athanagild
3364:(507–511)
3338:Thorismund
3268:, sub-king
3262:, sub-king
3260:Rothesteus
3256:(369–381)
3146:Reccopolis
3113:Elaborate
3017:Reccopolis
2895:(Mérida),
2883:Sarmatians
2879:Ostrogoths
2859:foederatii
2763:Septimania
2717:client of
2485:Reccared I
2465:See also:
2451:Reccopolis
2407:suzerainty
2403:Athanagild
2312:Septimania
2208:Marseilles
2180:Thorismund
2116:Rechiarius
2110:(453–466)
2094:when they
1420:Golden Age
1368:(718–1479)
1360:(711–1492)
1350:(711–1492)
1347:Al-Andalus
1204:Prehistory
1081:valley of
1011:, Iranian
845:Athanagild
829:Septimania
513:Septimania
218:Government
79:depicting
10009:Visigoths
9688:Foederati
9550:The Goths
9288:435767433
9242:Fear 1997
8946:1074-164X
8686:The Goths
8473:Visigoths
8393:Caliphate
8387:Córdoba:
8383:Catalonia
8245:Visigoths
8239:Achila II
8071:Alfonso I
8039:Visigoths
7827:Cantabria
7778:Visigoths
7525:Liuvigoto
7510:Visigoths
7472:Visigoths
7449:Visigoths
7163:Ardabasto
7126:Visigoths
7105:Visigoths
6810:Visigoths
6781:Visigoths
6761:Visigoths
6528:Visigoths
6499:Visigoths
6327:Visigoths
6280:Visigoths
6251:Visigoths
6017:Visigoths
5826:561–c.575
5821:Austrasia
5806:c.543–613
5803:Austrasia
5797:Brunhilda
5488:Visigoths
5461:Visigoths
5455:Liuvigild
5448:Theodosia
5440:568–571/2
5436:Visigoths
5186:511–533/4
5144:Visigoths
5123:Visigoths
4765:≈458/466–
4763:Visigoths
4757:Alaric II
4746:Evochilde
4708:the Suevi
4701:Remismund
4528:the Great
4525:Theodoric
4519:Himnerith
4497:Visigoths
4480:Frederic
4468:Visigoths
4448:Visigoths
4199:Visigoths
4013:Visigoths
3993:Visigoths
3951:Visigoths
3744:Athanaric
3720:the Great
3611:Suniefred
3601:(680–687)
3561:(641–653)
3529:Funerary
3523:(640–641)
3517:(636–640)
3487:Swinthila
3477:(612–621)
3471:(610–612)
3465:(603–610)
3423:Liuvigild
3413:(554–568)
3407:(549–554)
3401:(548–549)
3395:(531–548)
3378:(511–531)
3358:(484–507)
3356:Alaric II
3352:(466–484)
3346:(453–466)
3340:(451–453)
3334:(418–451)
3328:(415–418)
3316:(410–415)
3310:(395–410)
3280:Fritigern
3254:Athanaric
3201:astronomy
3174:from the
3159:aqueducts
3137:puts it.
3131:Dark Ages
3095:Geography
3076:Swinthila
3070:(perhaps
2854:Aquitaine
2795:Galicians
2751:Saragossa
2577:as king.
2525:Swinthila
2513:Asturians
2422:Liuvigild
2363:tremissis
2340:Barcelona
2336:Barcelona
2267:Alaric II
2212:foederati
2140:Lusitania
1827:Civil War
1412:Habsburgs
1342:(711–716)
1319:(552–624)
1311:(418–721)
1303:(409–585)
1071:federates
1030:famously
885:Gallaecia
877:Liuvigild
865:Aurariola
857:Swinthila
853:Cartagena
794:Anthemius
782:Aquitania
758:foederati
750:romanized
723:Visigoths
308:Liuvigild
284:Alaric II
191:Religion
131:(542–711)
123:Barcelona
119:(418–507)
83:(568–586)
81:Liuvigild
77:Tremissis
9346:61956716
9322:(eds.).
9124:, p. 48.
8954:41166876
8940:: 9–26.
8865:(1979).
8552:Amalaric
8527:Arianism
8483:See also
8463:Valencia
8439:Medieval
8428:Portugal
8368:Asturias
8348:Almohads
8292:Asturias
8277:Asturias
8064:Sisebuto
7825:Duke of
7780:610–687–
7710:Asturias
7486:Pelagius
7457:–687/688
7436:Ariberga
7152:≈684–701
6796:≈610–631
6775:Sisenand
6755:Chintila
6536:–633/635
6522:Suintila
6511:Theodora
6321:Witteric
6245:Liuva II
6072:Merovech
5819:King of
5170:494?–521
5161:≈500–531
5157:Clotilde
5138:Amalaric
4794:–509–511
4786:Clovis I
4778:476?–524
4706:King of
3953:370/375–
3945:Alaric I
3631:Agila II
3585:Hilderic
3535:Narbonne
3515:Chintila
3501:Sisenand
3493:Reccimer
3469:Gundemar
3463:Witteric
3457:Liuva II
3449:Argimund
3376:Amalaric
3308:Alaric I
3274:Alavivus
3266:Winguric
3117:of king
3072:Ologitis
3068:Ologicus
3061:Cantabri
3057:Asturias
3001:Reccared
2904:Hispalis
2850:Toulouse
2846:Bordeaux
2810:Pyrenees
2799:Cantabri
2743:Ifriqiya
2571:Chintila
2567:Sisinand
2529:Sisinand
2509:Witteric
2397:for the
2344:Amalaric
2308:Poitiers
2292:Clovis I
2261:and the
2243:Toulouse
2236:Provence
2224:de facto
2220:Provence
2198:and the
2166:In 466,
2013:Timeline
1436:Bourbons
1267:Hispania
1174:a series
1172:Part of
1157:against
1135:Litorius
1131:Narbonne
1115:de facto
1111:Toulouse
1058:Honorius
1054:Toulouse
1050:Narbonne
1040:Honorius
945:princeps
941:Pelagius
893:Portugal
869:Orihuela
817:Toulouse
739:Hispania
715:Germanic
709:and the
660:Portugal
605:Hispania
344:Swintila
320:Reccared
222:Monarchy
209:Arianism
117:Toulouse
9422:Sources
8621:1170959
8468:Viguera
8437:Spain:
8418:Navarre
8413:Majorca
8403:Granada
8398:Galicia
8389:Emirate
8373:Castile
8079:739–757
8043:694–710
8033:Wittiza
7782:701/703
7517:680–687
7494:718–737
7476:710–712
7466:Roderic
7431:Giscila
7142:Cordoba
7140:Duke of
7130:649–672
7109:640–641
6814:641–653
6793:Ricimer
6785:631–636
6765:636–640
6577:595–613
6331:603–610
6284:612–621
6274:Sisebut
6265:Unknown
6255:601–603
6021:586–601
5785:561–584
5768:540–568
5492:554–567
5465:568–586
5430:Liuva I
5206:558–561
5200:King of
5167:Eustere
5148:511–531
5127:507–511
5117:Gesalec
4767:484–507
4739:476–493
4731:Odoacer
4723:Unknown
4713:464–469
4544:511–526
4537:475–526
4514:Retimer
4501:466–484
4472:453–466
4452:451–453
4253:Unknown
4243:438–448
4231:Rechila
4223:414–415
4213:Unknown
4203:418–451
4019:415–418
3997:410–415
3978:388–450
3965:Unknown
3955:395–410
3936:Atharid
3729:379–395
3625:Roderic
3619:Wittiza
3475:Sisebut
3417:Liuva I
3405:Agila I
3393:Theudis
3362:Gesalec
3320:Sigeric
3314:Athaulf
3244:Ariaric
3224:Sisebut
3213:Seville
3163:Cordoba
3148:. Spain
3125:. Spain
3091:Montoro
3087:Baiyara
3055:in the
3036:Vitoria
2966:Astorga
2910:Toletum
2898:Barcino
2875:Vandals
2842:Garonne
2830:Castile
2822:Berbers
2803:Basques
2791:Astures
2786:Hispani
2783:or the
2727:Basques
2723:Roderic
2685:Wittiza
2627:or the
2619:English
2609:Spanish
2517:Sisebut
2477:fibulae
2455:Vitoria
2426:Cordova
2387:Agila I
2383:Theudis
2348:Theudis
2324:Gesalec
2306:) near
2304:Vouillé
2259:Basques
2228:Odoacer
2124:Astorga
2088:Vandals
1740:(–1927)
1737:Rif War
1161:in the
1079:Garonne
1046:Athaulf
1020:crossed
1009:Vandals
990:History
949:Astures
917:Isidore
897:Basques
889:Galicia
871:in the
867:(today
861:Orcelis
823:to the
762:Vandals
670:Andorra
508:•
496:Umayyad
490:•
451:•
438:•
415:•
402:History
380:Roderic
368:Wittiza
332:Sisebut
177:Alanian
167:Aramaic
110:Capital
62:418–720
9803:
9772:
9680:
9645:
9626:
9603:
9582:
9566:
9558:, ed.
9535:
9516:
9495:
9468:
9453:
9390:
9380:
9344:
9286:
9082:
9032:
8979:
8952:
8944:
8742:
8717:
8692:
8667:
8642:
8619:
8458:Taifas
8443:Modern
8358:Aragon
8089:Fruela
7814:Cixilo
7147:Favila
6561:≈590–?
6514:≈590–?
6313:≈583–?
6061:Ingund
5824:c.535–
5783:c.539–
4540:Regent
4236:Suevic
4007:Wallia
3987:Ataulf
3507:Iudila
3326:Wallia
3293:Arians
3155:Mérida
2962:Oporto
2958:Lisbon
2820:. The
2759:Caliph
2747:Mérida
2715:Berber
2521:Málaga
2395:Spania
2188:Mérida
2120:Órbigo
2104:Avitus
1955:(2017)
1937:(2004)
1924:(1978)
1838:(1939)
1822:(1936)
1814:(1936)
1806:(1934)
1782:(1931)
1724:(1898)
1628:(1868)
1510:(1813)
1502:(1812)
1478:(1808)
1176:on the
1137:using
1075:Wallia
1028:Alaric
956:Arians
911:. The
841:Toledo
825:Franks
784:after
772:. The
727:Wallia
707:France
675:France
479:Spania
405:
248:Wallia
233:
163:Hebrew
146:Gothic
129:Toledo
49:
10235:]
10021:Suebi
9718:(PDF)
9707:(PDF)
9410:Egica
9275:]
8950:JSTOR
8617:JSTOR
8538:Notes
8453:Suebi
8095:?–758
8077:≈693–
8058:?–712
8052:Oppas
8041:≈687–
7829:?–730
7821:Peter
7772:Egica
7528:620–?
7504:Erwig
7451:≈643–
7443:Wamba
7099:Tulga
6763:≈606–
6543:Geila
6530:≈588–
6329:≈565–
6052:?–585
6032:569-?
6004:Baddo
5490:≈517–
5463:≈519–
4749:446–?
4491:Euric
4483:?–466
4470:≈426–
4450:≈420–
4201:≈393–
4017:≈385–
3995:≈370–
3748:?–381
3637:Oppas
3605:Egica
3599:Erwig
3579:Wamba
3571:Froia
3533:from
3531:stele
3521:Tulga
3443:Segga
3350:Euric
3322:(415)
3301:Balti
3297:Arius
3249:Aoric
3203:; or
3167:Cadiz
3080:Olite
2970:Suebi
2960:, by
2954:Tagus
2946:Rioja
2928:Tagus
2920:Douro
2887:reiks
2867:Euric
2739:Cádiz
2673:Wamba
2648:Liber
2489:Arian
2443:Suebi
2204:Arles
2200:Loire
2196:Rhone
2184:Suebi
2168:Euric
2128:Braga
2100:Suebi
1975:Topic
1185:Spain
1123:Arles
1024:Rhine
1017:Suebi
1013:Alans
972:Latin
931:from
925:Ceuta
798:Arles
790:Déols
778:Euric
770:Suebi
766:Alans
699:Latin
665:Spain
272:Euric
181:Alans
53:Latin
10202:) →
9801:ISBN
9770:ISBN
9678:ISBN
9669:1475
9643:ISBN
9624:ISBN
9601:ISBN
9580:ISBN
9564:ISBN
9533:ISBN
9514:ISBN
9493:ISBN
9466:ISBN
9451:ISBN
9404:2020
9388:OCLC
9378:ISBN
9342:OCLC
9296:2020
9284:OCLC
9080:ISBN
9030:ISBN
8977:ISBN
8942:ISSN
8740:ISBN
8715:ISBN
8690:ISBN
8665:ISBN
8640:ISBN
8408:León
7515:642–
7513:aft.
7492:685–
7453:672–
7158:Gada
6812:563–
6783:605–
6575:587–
6532:621–
6282:565–
6253:584–
6019:559–
5204:497–
5184:485–
5146:502–
5129:–513
4796:–511
4737:433–
4535:454–
4499:415–
3727:347–
3645:Ardo
3591:Paul
3199:and
3025:Arab
2964:and
2944:and
2926:and
2924:Ebro
2881:and
2848:and
2755:León
2753:and
2447:Miro
2277:Agde
2249:and
2206:and
2086:The
1151:Gaul
1125:(in
1052:and
919:and
768:and
735:Gaul
685:The
528:Area
494:and
392:Ardo
229:King
171:Jews
165:and
9370:doi
9334:hdl
9026:176
8609:doi
7455:680
6534:631
6503:621
5801:of
4792:466
3097:of
3049:as
3003:to
2852:in
2828:in
2565:of
2491:to
1127:425
1101:by
883:in
835:or
811:or
788:at
693:or
541:580
533:484
519:720
502:711
484:624
471:585
458:507
445:451
432:418
422:410
10361::
10248:→
10244:→
10233:eu
10211:→
10185:)
10177:→
10156:→
9785:.
9738:,
9709:.
9690:,
9548:.
9406:.
9386:.
9376:.
9340:.
9318:;
9314:;
9282:.
9273:de
9265:.
9116:,
9094:^
9028:.
8948:.
8936:.
8932:.
8782:^
8615:.
8603:.
8586:^
8441:,
8391:,
7474:?–
7128:?–
7111:–?
7107:?-
6501:?–
5438:?-
5125:?–
4711:?–
4542:r.
4241:?–
3303:.
3178:.
3165:,
3101:.
3082:.
3063:.
3042:.
2922:,
2877:,
2801:,
2797:,
2793:,
2773:.
2617:,
2611::
2531:.
2279:.
2134:,
1042:.
986:.
974::
899:.
764:,
701::
689:,
10198:(
10181:(
9975:e
9968:t
9961:v
9838:e
9831:t
9824:v
9809:.
9778:.
9740:7
9727:.
9651:.
9632:.
9609:.
9588:.
9570:.
9541:.
9522:.
9501:.
9472:.
9457:.
9372::
9348:.
9336::
9298:.
9118:6
9088:.
9038:.
8985:.
8956:.
8938:4
8748::
8723:.
8698:.
8673:.
8648:.
8623:.
8611::
8605:3
8449:)
8445:(
8434:)
8430:(
8424:)
8420:(
8379:)
8375:(
8364:)
8360:(
8234:?
8045:?
7729:?
7428:?
7236:?
7227:?
7210:?
7054:?
7045:?
3739:?
3553:.
2607:(
2377:)
2302:(
2075:e
2068:t
2061:v
970:(
697:(
173:)
55:)
51:(
34:.
20:)
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