216:
1786:
33:
2925:
2111:
2298:
The above equation is only true for uniform or homogeneous flow velocity and a flat or planar cross section. In general, including spatially variable or non-homogeneous flow velocity and curved surfaces, the equation becomes a
2135:
crossing the boundary for some time duration, not simply the initial amount of volume at the boundary minus the final amount at the boundary, since the change in volume flowing through the area would be zero for steady flow.
2779:
2358:
2657:
1505:
2009:
2450:
197:
2261:
2738:
2970:
is where the valve closes (seconds, mm, radians). This has to be factored by the width (circumference) of the valve throat. The answer is usually related to the cylinder's swept volume.
2552:
2408:
2514:
1340:
1285:
1230:
3094:
1883:
1037:
990:
905:
858:
770:
723:
131:
2131:
Since this is only the time derivative of volume, a scalar quantity, the volumetric flow rate is also a scalar quantity. The change in volume is the amount that flows
941:
809:
1175:
2191:
2164:
674:
2692:
2211:
1013:
966:
881:
834:
746:
699:
3274:
49:
1815:
2920:{\displaystyle \int L\,\mathrm {d} \theta ={\frac {RT}{2\pi }}(\cos \theta _{2}-\cos \theta _{1})+{\frac {rT}{2\pi }}(\theta _{2}-\theta _{1}),}
1516:
2309:
1404:
2773:
In internal combustion engines, the time area integral is considered over the range of valve opening. The time lift integral is given by
638:
2367:
required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The
3267:
3114:
1494:
3505:
3873:
1527:
2603:
1976:
equal to 1 million cubic metres per second (260,000,000 US gal/s); it is equivalent to the SI derived unit cubic
2106:{\displaystyle Q={\dot {V}}=\lim \limits _{\Delta t\to 0}{\frac {\Delta V}{\Delta t}}={\frac {\mathrm {d} V}{\mathrm {d} t}},}
1934:
1097:
3260:
1808:
1395:
1064:
631:
509:
2413:
447:
154:
2227:
1579:
1553:
1074:
528:
480:
58:
4499:
1632:
1103:
502:
17:
2700:
4030:
3004:
1981:
1801:
4530:
4494:
1732:
264:
4055:
1627:
1966:
1707:
1480:
457:
54:
4196:
4146:
4040:
2526:
2382:
1092:
295:
285:
4474:
2999:
300:
290:
3700:
2662:
These results are equivalent to the dot product between velocity and the normal direction to the area.
2478:
1584:
1548:
326:
260:
147:
1622:
4484:
4436:
4319:
1377:
1125:
571:
384:
374:
3145:
4469:
4186:
4151:
3993:
2288:
4525:
4520:
4479:
4171:
3936:
2560:
of the substance elements. The amount passing through the cross-section is reduced by the factor
1789:
1617:
1414:
1295:
1240:
1185:
1117:
1056:
592:
581:
247:
1859:
1019:
972:
887:
840:
752:
705:
107:
4421:
4279:
3830:
3715:
3017:
1930:
1722:
1439:
523:
277:
252:
1642:
923:
788:
4259:
4106:
4068:
3517:
3456:
2994:
2571:
increases less volume passes through. Substance which passes tangential to the area, that is
1899:
1852:) is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time; usually it is represented by the symbol
1657:
1234:
547:
393:
242:
1969:
1145:
4489:
4035:
3795:
3652:
3602:
3396:
2169:
2142:
1737:
1662:
1652:
452:
314:
3122:
8:
4385:
4380:
4181:
4025:
3647:
3500:
3421:
3328:
3091:
3058:
2469:
2001:
1682:
1444:
466:
432:
427:
340:
3083:
1677:
656:
4411:
4324:
4289:
4141:
3657:
3562:
3466:
3358:
3291:
3021:
2980:
2677:
2371:
is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through,
2196:
1950:
1938:
1771:
1434:
1429:
1382:
998:
951:
866:
819:
731:
684:
614:
598:
485:
437:
422:
412:
221:
215:
4131:
4390:
4229:
4221:
4161:
4121:
4010:
3825:
3587:
3577:
3363:
1766:
1727:
1717:
1289:
1087:
915:
417:
407:
349:
4304:
4206:
4111:
3860:
3710:
3705:
3682:
3622:
3451:
3323:
3238:
3212:
3186:
3038:
2300:
1687:
1672:
1612:
1607:
1424:
1419:
1069:
537:
402:
4309:
4269:
4264:
3868:
3755:
3750:
3534:
3471:
3441:
3406:
3401:
3368:
3333:
3304:
2193:
for volumetric flow and mass flow respectively, to distinguish from the notation
1907:
1889:, which is the other main type of fluid flow rate. In most contexts a mention of
1637:
1485:
1139:
780:
603:
364:
331:
82:
4370:
4254:
4234:
4116:
4101:
3988:
3973:
3968:
3928:
3908:
3820:
3662:
3642:
3607:
3539:
3524:
3431:
3353:
3313:
3230:
3204:
3178:
3048:
2984:
2751:
2671:
1942:
1911:
1886:
1837:
1692:
1462:
562:
442:
379:
369:
237:
207:
3252:
2674:
is known, and the density can be assumed constant, this is an easy way to get
4514:
4451:
4446:
4431:
4416:
4365:
4360:
4126:
4091:
4045:
4005:
4000:
3760:
3632:
3592:
3338:
3318:
3053:
3033:
2572:
2276:
1989:
1761:
1079:
648:
609:
321:
3242:
3216:
3190:
3009:
4441:
4191:
4176:
4166:
4015:
3946:
3815:
3780:
3695:
3637:
3512:
3411:
3373:
3348:
1985:
1954:
1712:
1697:
1647:
1130:
4350:
4274:
3978:
3941:
3888:
3612:
3597:
3572:
3446:
3063:
2461:
2376:
2368:
2291:
1833:
1667:
475:
4456:
4136:
4020:
3960:
3918:
3790:
3627:
3495:
3436:
3426:
3343:
2353:{\displaystyle Q=\iint _{A}\mathbf {v} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {A} .}
1977:
1946:
1894:
1756:
1702:
4426:
4375:
4345:
4314:
4244:
4156:
3913:
3800:
3785:
3725:
3672:
3667:
3567:
3490:
3480:
3378:
3043:
2990:
2575:
to the unit normal, does not pass through the area. This occurs when
354:
4096:
4063:
3740:
3582:
3549:
1958:
1470:
1387:
1179:
587:
359:
4406:
4355:
3883:
3878:
3840:
3745:
3617:
3554:
2761:
1962:
1926:
1829:
576:
137:
4201:
4073:
3898:
3893:
3845:
3835:
3805:
3730:
3485:
3416:
3388:
3287:
2117:
4299:
4284:
4239:
3983:
3956:
3903:
3770:
3765:
3735:
3720:
3529:
3299:
3283:
2938:
is the distance from the camshaft centreline to the cam tip,
2468:
the cross-section is the amount normal to the area, that is,
1918:, with units of m/(m·s), that is, m·s. The integration of a
42:
needs attention from an expert in
Physics or Engineering
4329:
4294:
3850:
3810:
3775:
3095:
Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth
Science
2364:
1919:
552:
2652:{\displaystyle Q=vA\cos \left({\frac {\pi }{2}}\right)=0.}
4249:
3690:
2597:
and so this amount of the volumetric flow rate is zero:
2782:
2703:
2680:
2606:
2529:
2481:
2416:
2385:
2312:
2230:
2199:
2172:
2145:
2012:
1862:
1298:
1243:
1188:
1148:
1022:
1001:
975:
954:
926:
890:
869:
843:
822:
791:
755:
734:
708:
687:
659:
157:
110:
3166:
3165:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry;
2665:
2445:{\displaystyle \mathbf {A} =A{\hat {\mathbf {n} }}}
192:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {L}}^{3}{\mathsf {T}}^{-1}}
2919:
2732:
2686:
2651:
2546:
2508:
2444:
2402:
2352:
2255:
2205:
2185:
2158:
2105:
1877:
1334:
1279:
1224:
1169:
1031:
1007:
984:
960:
935:
899:
875:
852:
828:
803:
764:
740:
717:
693:
668:
191:
125:
2256:{\displaystyle Q=\mathbf {v} \cdot \mathbf {A} ,}
1906:Volumetric flow rate should not be confused with
4512:
3143:
3282:
1988:to measure the volumetric rate of transport of
1980:per second (symbol: hm/s or hm⋅s). Named after
1893:is likely to refer to the volumetric rate. In
3268:
2363:This is the definition used in practice. The
1945:, volumetric flow rate is often expressed as
1922:over an area gives the volumetric flow rate.
1809:
3235:The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
3209:The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
3183:The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
2733:{\displaystyle Q={\frac {\dot {m}}{\rho }},}
2221:Volumetric flow rate can also be defined by
3275:
3261:
1816:
1802:
214:
78:Volume of fluid which passes per unit time
2789:
2216:
1995:
1961:(symbol: Sv, not to be confused with the
2942:is the radius of the camshaft (that is,
1953:(either US or imperial definitions). In
3874:International scale of river difficulty
2961:is the angle where opening begins, and
2464:is as follows. The only volume flowing
2000:Volumetric flow rate is defined by the
1897:, the volumetric flow rate is known as
14:
4513:
175:
161:
61:may be able to help recruit an expert.
3256:
3146:"Fluid Volumetric Flow Rate Equation"
2768:
2547:{\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {n} }}}
2523:is the angle between the unit normal
2403:{\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {n} }}}
1935:standard cubic centimetres per minute
46:Lacks treatment of compressible flow.
2973:
26:
2472:to the unit normal. This amount is
1984:, it is used almost exclusively in
24:
2791:
2338:
2090:
2080:
2064:
2056:
2039:
1023:
976:
891:
844:
756:
709:
529:Intensive and extensive properties
25:
4542:
2509:{\displaystyle Q=vA\cos \theta ,}
2666:Relationship with mass flow rate
2534:
2432:
2418:
2390:
2343:
2330:
2246:
2238:
2124:through a surface per unit time
1785:
1784:
1104:Table of thermodynamic equations
31:
4031:Flooded grasslands and savannas
3005:List of waterfalls by flow rate
1580:Maxwell's thermodynamic surface
3223:
3197:
3171:
3159:
3137:
3107:
3076:
2911:
2885:
2859:
2821:
2538:
2436:
2394:
2045:
1914:and represented by the symbol
1314:
1302:
1259:
1247:
1204:
1192:
1164:
1152:
13:
1:
3069:
2455:
1481:Mechanical equivalent of heat
4197:Universal Soil Loss Equation
4147:Hydrological transport model
4041:Storm Water Management Model
2934:is the time per revolution,
1933:(m/s). Another unit used is
1093:Onsager reciprocal relations
7:
3027:
3000:List of rivers by discharge
2139:IUPAC prefers the notation
2035:
1585:Entropy as energy dispersal
1396:"Perpetual motion" machines
1335:{\displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}
1280:{\displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}
1225:{\displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}
44:. The specific problem is:
10:
4547:
3701:Antecedent drainage stream
1878:{\displaystyle {\dot {V}}}
1032:{\displaystyle \partial T}
985:{\displaystyle \partial V}
900:{\displaystyle \partial p}
853:{\displaystyle \partial V}
765:{\displaystyle \partial T}
718:{\displaystyle \partial S}
126:{\displaystyle {\dot {V}}}
80:
4465:
4437:River valley civilization
4399:
4338:
4320:Riparian-zone restoration
4220:
4082:
4054:
3955:
3927:
3859:
3681:
3548:
3465:
3387:
3298:
1506:An Inquiry Concerning the
146:
136:
95:
90:
4500:Countries without rivers
4475:Rivers by discharge rate
4187:Runoff model (reservoir)
4152:Infiltration (hydrology)
2554:and the velocity vector
1519:Heterogeneous Substances
936:{\displaystyle \alpha =}
804:{\displaystyle \beta =-}
81:Not to be confused with
4172:River Continuum Concept
3937:Agricultural wastewater
3243:10.1351/goldbook.H02752
3217:10.1351/goldbook.M03720
3191:10.1351/goldbook.V06642
3115:"Sverdrups & Brine"
3018:dust collection systems
3010:Weir § Flow measurement
1931:cubic metres per second
59:WikiProject Engineering
4495:River name etymologies
4422:Hydraulic civilization
4280:Floodplain restoration
4056:Point source pollution
3831:Sedimentary structures
3179:"Volume flow rate, qv"
3088:Ocean Surface Currents
2952:is the maximum lift),
2921:
2734:
2688:
2653:
2548:
2510:
2446:
2404:
2354:
2257:
2217:Alternative definition
2207:
2187:
2160:
2107:
1996:Fundamental definition
1879:
1336:
1281:
1226:
1171:
1170:{\displaystyle U(S,V)}
1033:
1009:
986:
962:
937:
901:
877:
854:
830:
805:
766:
742:
719:
695:
670:
649:Specific heat capacity
253:Quantum thermodynamics
193:
127:
4531:Mechanical quantities
4107:Discharge (hydrology)
4069:Industrial wastewater
3550:Sedimentary processes
3144:Engineers Edge, LLC.
2922:
2735:
2689:
2654:
2549:
2511:
2447:
2405:
2355:
2258:
2208:
2188:
2186:{\displaystyle q_{m}}
2161:
2159:{\displaystyle q_{v}}
2116:that is, the flow of
2108:
1949:per second (ft/s) or
1885:). It contrasts with
1880:
1517:On the Equilibrium of
1337:
1282:
1235:Helmholtz free energy
1227:
1172:
1034:
1010:
987:
963:
938:
902:
878:
855:
831:
806:
767:
743:
720:
696:
671:
194:
128:
4212:Volumetric flow rate
3796:Riffle-pool sequence
3205:"Mass flow rate, qm"
2780:
2701:
2678:
2604:
2527:
2479:
2414:
2383:
2379:normal to the area,
2310:
2228:
2197:
2170:
2143:
2010:
1860:
1842:volumetric flow rate
1530:Motive Power of Fire
1296:
1241:
1186:
1146:
1098:Bridgman's equations
1075:Fundamental relation
1020:
999:
973:
952:
924:
888:
867:
841:
820:
789:
753:
732:
706:
685:
657:
155:
108:
4386:Whitewater kayaking
4381:Whitewater canoeing
4182:Runoff curve number
4026:Flood pulse concept
3092:University of Miami
2460:The reason for the
1508:Source ... Friction
1440:Loschmidt's paradox
632:Material properties
510:Conjugate variables
55:WikiProject Physics
4412:Aquatic toxicology
4325:Stream restoration
4290:Infiltration basin
4142:Hydrological model
3658:Sediment transport
3481:Estavelle/Inversac
3359:Subterranean river
3125:on 20 January 2011
3022:air-to-cloth ratio
2981:cardiac physiology
2917:
2769:Related quantities
2730:
2684:
2649:
2544:
2506:
2442:
2410:. The relation is
2400:
2350:
2253:
2203:
2183:
2156:
2103:
2052:
1951:gallons per minute
1939:US customary units
1891:rate of fluid flow
1875:
1772:Order and disorder
1528:Reflections on the
1435:Heat death paradox
1332:
1277:
1222:
1167:
1029:
1005:
982:
958:
933:
897:
873:
850:
826:
801:
762:
738:
715:
691:
669:{\displaystyle c=}
666:
639:Property databases
615:Reduced properties
599:Chemical potential
563:Functions of state
486:Thermal efficiency
222:Carnot heat engine
189:
123:
4508:
4507:
4485:Whitewater rivers
4391:Whitewater slalom
4222:River engineering
4122:Groundwater model
4083:River measurement
4011:Flood forecasting
3826:Sedimentary basin
3683:Fluvial landforms
3588:Bed material load
3364:River bifurcation
3167:https://iupac.org
2974:Some key examples
2883:
2819:
2725:
2720:
2687:{\displaystyle Q}
2637:
2541:
2439:
2397:
2206:{\displaystyle Q}
2098:
2071:
2034:
2028:
1872:
1826:
1825:
1767:Self-organization
1592:
1591:
1290:Gibbs free energy
1088:Maxwell relations
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1008:{\displaystyle V}
961:{\displaystyle 1}
916:Thermal expansion
910:
909:
876:{\displaystyle V}
829:{\displaystyle 1}
775:
774:
741:{\displaystyle N}
694:{\displaystyle T}
622:
621:
538:Process functions
524:Property diagrams
503:System properties
493:
492:
458:Endoreversibility
350:Equation of state
202:
201:
120:
76:
75:
16:(Redirected from
4538:
4470:Rivers by length
4305:River morphology
4207:Wetted perimeter
4112:Drainage density
3623:Headward erosion
3452:Perennial stream
3324:Blackwater river
3277:
3270:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:. Engineers Edge
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3121:. Archived from
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3080:
3059:Poiseuille's law
3039:Flow measurement
2969:
2960:
2951:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2910:
2909:
2897:
2896:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2839:
2838:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2759:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2711:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2522:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2421:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2374:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2301:surface integral
2286:
2274:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2241:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2127:
2123:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2051:
2030:
2029:
2021:
1975:
1917:
1910:, as defined by
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1855:
1846:volume flow rate
1836:, in particular
1818:
1811:
1804:
1788:
1787:
1495:Key publications
1476:
1475:("living force")
1425:Brownian ratchet
1420:Entropy and life
1415:Entropy and time
1366:
1365:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1070:Clausius theorem
1065:Carnot's theorem
1038:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1006:
991:
989:
988:
983:
967:
965:
964:
959:
946:
945:
942:
940:
939:
934:
906:
904:
903:
898:
882:
880:
879:
874:
859:
857:
856:
851:
835:
833:
832:
827:
814:
813:
810:
808:
807:
802:
771:
769:
768:
763:
747:
745:
744:
739:
724:
722:
721:
716:
700:
698:
697:
692:
679:
678:
675:
673:
672:
667:
645:
644:
518:
517:
337:
336:
218:
204:
203:
198:
196:
195:
190:
188:
187:
179:
178:
171:
170:
165:
164:
132:
130:
129:
124:
122:
121:
113:
103:
91:Volume flow rate
88:
87:
71:
68:
62:
35:
34:
27:
21:
18:Volume flow rate
4546:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4480:Drainage basins
4461:
4395:
4334:
4310:Retention basin
4270:Erosion control
4265:Detention basin
4216:
4132:Hjulström curve
4084:
4078:
4050:
3994:Non-water flood
3951:
3923:
3869:Helicoidal flow
3855:
3756:Fluvial terrace
3751:Floating island
3677:
3552:
3544:
3535:Rhythmic spring
3469:
3461:
3442:Stream gradient
3383:
3369:River ecosystem
3334:Channel pattern
3302:
3294:
3281:
3251:
3250:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3151:
3149:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3099:
3097:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3030:
2976:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2905:
2901:
2892:
2888:
2875:
2867:
2865:
2853:
2849:
2834:
2830:
2811:
2803:
2801:
2790:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2757:
2747:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2629:
2625:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2561:
2555:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2458:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2289:cross-sectional
2282:
2270:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2125:
2121:
2089:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2063:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1998:
1982:Harald Sverdrup
1973:
1915:
1908:volumetric flux
1864:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:volume velocity
1844:(also known as
1822:
1777:
1776:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1572:
1558:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1474:
1467:
1449:
1430:Maxwell's demon
1392:
1363:
1362:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1140:Internal energy
1135:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1084:
1059:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1000:
997:
996:
974:
971:
970:
953:
950:
949:
925:
922:
921:
889:
886:
885:
868:
865:
864:
842:
839:
838:
821:
818:
817:
790:
787:
786:
781:Compressibility
754:
751:
750:
733:
730:
729:
707:
704:
703:
686:
683:
682:
658:
655:
654:
634:
624:
623:
604:Particle number
557:
516:
505:
495:
494:
453:Irreversibility
365:State of matter
332:Isolated system
317:
307:
306:
305:
280:
270:
269:
265:Non-equilibrium
257:
232:
224:
180:
174:
173:
172:
166:
160:
159:
158:
156:
153:
152:
112:
111:
109:
106:
105:
101:
98:
86:
83:Volumetric flux
79:
72:
66:
63:
53:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4544:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4526:Temporal rates
4523:
4521:Fluid dynamics
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4371:Stone skipping
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Drop structure
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4235:Balancing lake
4232:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4162:Playfair's law
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4117:Exner equation
4114:
4109:
4104:
4102:Bradshaw model
4099:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3989:Urban flooding
3981:
3976:
3974:Crevasse splay
3971:
3969:100-year flood
3965:
3963:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3929:Surface runoff
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3909:Stream capture
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3821:Rock-cut basin
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3663:Suspended load
3660:
3655:
3653:Secondary flow
3650:
3645:
3643:Retrogradation
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3608:Dissolved load
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3540:Spring horizon
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Mineral spring
3522:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3506:list in the US
3503:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3432:Stream channel
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3354:Drainage basin
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Alluvial river
3310:
3308:
3296:
3295:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3257:
3249:
3248:
3222:
3196:
3170:
3158:
3136:
3106:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3049:Mass flow rate
3046:
3041:
3036:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2987:
2985:cardiac output
2975:
2972:
2966:
2957:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2785:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2752:mass flow rate
2741:
2740:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2683:
2672:mass flow rate
2667:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2540:
2536:
2517:
2516:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2457:
2454:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2396:
2392:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2296:
2295:
2280:
2264:
2263:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2218:
2215:
2202:
2180:
2176:
2153:
2149:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2015:
1997:
1994:
1990:ocean currents
1972:of flow, with
1943:imperial units
1887:mass flow rate
1871:
1868:
1838:fluid dynamics
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1549:Thermodynamics
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1466:
1465:
1463:Caloric theory
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1287:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1232:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1177:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1028:
1025:
1015:
1004:
993:
992:
981:
978:
968:
957:
943:
932:
929:
919:
912:
911:
908:
907:
896:
893:
883:
872:
861:
860:
849:
846:
836:
825:
811:
800:
797:
794:
784:
777:
776:
773:
772:
761:
758:
748:
737:
726:
725:
714:
711:
701:
690:
676:
665:
662:
652:
643:
642:
641:
635:
630:
629:
626:
625:
620:
619:
618:
617:
612:
607:
596:
585:
566:
565:
559:
558:
556:
555:
550:
544:
541:
540:
534:
533:
532:
531:
526:
507:
506:
501:
500:
497:
496:
491:
490:
489:
488:
483:
478:
470:
469:
463:
462:
461:
460:
455:
450:
445:
443:Free expansion
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
397:
396:
390:
389:
388:
387:
382:
380:Control volume
377:
372:
370:Phase (matter)
367:
362:
357:
352:
344:
343:
335:
334:
329:
324:
318:
313:
312:
309:
308:
304:
303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
281:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
256:
255:
250:
245:
240:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:The classical
219:
211:
210:
208:Thermodynamics
200:
199:
186:
183:
177:
169:
163:
150:
144:
143:
140:
134:
133:
119:
116:
99:
97:Common symbols
96:
93:
92:
77:
74:
73:
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4543:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:Surface water
4450:
4448:
4447:Sacred waters
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:Riparian zone
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4417:Body of water
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:Riverboarding
4364:
4362:
4361:River surfing
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:and modelling
4081:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4046:Return period
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:Flood control
4004:
4002:
4001:Flood barrier
3999:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:Palaeochannel
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:Granular flow
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:Channel types
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Braided river
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3147:
3140:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Orifice plate
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:Bulk velocity
3032:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2956:
2950:
2946:
2914:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2786:
2783:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2681:
2673:
2663:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2579:
2574:
2573:perpendicular
2565:
2558:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2425:
2422:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2347:
2334:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:flow velocity
2273:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2231:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2200:
2178:
2174:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2119:
2100:
2094:
2084:
2073:
2067:
2059:
2048:
2042:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1869:
1866:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Self-assembly
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:van der Waals
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:von Helmholtz
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1291:
1288:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1233:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:Ideal gas law
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1026:
1016:
1002:
995:
994:
979:
969:
955:
948:
947:
944:
930:
927:
920:
917:
914:
913:
894:
884:
870:
863:
862:
847:
837:
823:
816:
815:
812:
798:
795:
792:
785:
782:
779:
778:
759:
749:
735:
728:
727:
712:
702:
688:
681:
680:
677:
663:
660:
653:
650:
647:
646:
640:
637:
636:
633:
628:
627:
616:
613:
611:
610:Vapor quality
608:
606:
605:
600:
597:
595:
594:
589:
586:
583:
579:
578:
573:
570:
569:
568:
567:
564:
561:
560:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
543:
542:
539:
536:
535:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
520:
519:
515:
511:
504:
499:
498:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
472:
471:
468:
465:
464:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
448:Reversibility
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
399:
398:
395:
392:
391:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
346:
345:
342:
339:
338:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
322:Closed system
320:
319:
316:
311:
310:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
279:
274:
273:
266:
262:
259:
258:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
235:
228:
227:
223:
217:
213:
212:
209:
206:
205:
184:
181:
167:
151:
149:
145:
141:
139:
135:
117:
114:
100:
94:
89:
84:
70:
60:
56:
51:
47:
43:
40:This article
38:
29:
28:
19:
4490:Flash floods
4442:River cruise
4339:River sports
4211:
4192:Stream gauge
4177:Rouse number
4167:Relief ratio
4016:Flood-meadow
3947:Urban runoff
3861:Fluvial flow
3846:River valley
3816:River island
3781:Meander scar
3696:Alluvial fan
3638:Progradation
3513:Karst spring
3457:Winterbourne
3412:Chalk stream
3374:River source
3349:Distributary
3234:
3231:"Heat, q, Q"
3225:
3208:
3199:
3182:
3173:
3161:
3150:. Retrieved
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:the original
3118:
3109:
3098:. Retrieved
3087:
3078:
2963:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2929:
2772:
2742:
2669:
2661:
2577:
2563:
2556:
2518:
2465:
2459:
2362:
2297:
2283:
2271:
2265:
2220:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2115:
1999:
1986:oceanography
1955:oceanography
1924:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1827:
1623:Carathéodory
1554:Heat engines
1526:
1515:
1504:
1486:Motive power
1471:
1131:Free entropy
1102:
602:
601: /
591:
590: /
582:introduction
575:
574: /
513:
476:Heat engines
263: /
138:SI unit
64:
52:for details.
45:
41:
4351:Fly fishing
4275:Fish ladder
4260:Daylighting
3979:Flash flood
3942:First flush
3889:Plunge pool
3613:Downcutting
3598:Debris flow
3573:Aggradation
3447:Stream pool
3064:Stokes flow
2462:dot product
2377:unit vector
2369:vector area
2292:vector area
1970:metric unit
1965:) is a non-
1937:(SCCM). In
1912:Darcy's law
1856:(sometimes
1834:engineering
1445:Synergetics
1126:Free energy
572:Temperature
433:Quasistatic
428:Isenthalpic
385:Instruments
375:Equilibrium
327:Open system
261:Equilibrium
243:Statistical
4515:Categories
4457:Wild river
4137:Hydrograph
4127:Hack's law
4092:Baer's law
4036:Inundation
4021:Floodplain
3961:stormwater
3919:Whitewater
3791:Oxbow lake
3628:Knickpoint
3603:Deposition
3496:Hot spring
3437:Streamflow
3427:Stream bed
3344:Confluence
3152:2016-12-01
3100:2019-04-15
3084:"Glossary"
3070:References
2764:(in kg/m).
2754:(in kg/s),
2456:Derivation
2213:for heat.
1978:hectometer
1947:cubic feet
1895:hydrometry
1757:Nucleation
1601:Scientists
1405:Philosophy
1118:Potentials
481:Heat pumps
438:Polytropic
423:Isentropic
413:Isothermal
4427:Limnology
4376:Triathlon
4346:Canyoning
4315:Revetment
4245:Check dam
4157:Main stem
3914:Waterfall
3801:Point bar
3786:Mouth bar
3726:Billabong
3673:Water gap
3668:Wash load
3648:Saltation
3568:Anabranch
3491:Holy well
3379:Tributary
3129:12 August
3044:Flowmeter
2995:discharge
2991:hydrology
2903:θ
2899:−
2890:θ
2880:π
2851:θ
2847:
2841:−
2832:θ
2828:
2816:π
2796:θ
2784:∫
2723:ρ
2718:˙
2670:When the
2632:π
2623:
2539:^
2501:θ
2498:
2437:^
2395:^
2335:⋅
2321:∬
2294:/surface.
2243:⋅
2120:of fluid
2065:Δ
2057:Δ
2046:→
2040:Δ
2026:˙
1900:discharge
1870:˙
1738:Waterston
1688:von Mayer
1643:de Donder
1633:Clapeyron
1613:Boltzmann
1608:Bernoulli
1569:Education
1540:Timelines
1324:−
1269:−
1057:Equations
1024:∂
977:∂
928:α
892:∂
845:∂
799:−
793:β
757:∂
710:∂
418:Adiabatic
408:Isochoric
394:Processes
355:Ideal gas
238:Classical
182:−
148:Dimension
118:˙
57: or
50:talk page
4230:Aqueduct
4097:Baseflow
4064:Effluent
3741:Cut bank
3706:Avulsion
3583:Bed load
3563:Abrasion
3237:. 2014.
3211:. 2014.
3185:. 2014.
3119:Ecoworld
3028:See also
2470:parallel
2375:, and a
1959:sverdrup
1790:Category
1728:Thompson
1638:Clausius
1618:Bridgman
1472:Vis viva
1454:Theories
1388:Gas laws
1180:Enthalpy
588:Pressure
403:Isobaric
360:Real gas
248:Chemical
231:Branches
67:May 2023
48:See the
4407:Aquifer
4400:Related
4356:Rafting
3884:Meander
3879:Log jam
3841:Thalweg
3746:Estuary
3618:Erosion
3555:erosion
3467:Springs
3422:Current
3389:Streams
3329:Channel
3292:springs
3288:streams
2762:density
2594:
2582:
2466:through
1963:sievert
1927:SI unit
1830:physics
1713:Smeaton
1708:Rankine
1698:Onsager
1683:Maxwell
1678:Massieu
1383:Entropy
1378:General
1369:History
1359:Culture
1356:History
580: (
577:Entropy
514:italics
315:Systems
4202:WAFLEX
4074:Sewage
3957:Floods
3899:Riffle
3894:Rapids
3836:Strath
3806:Ravine
3731:Canyon
3486:Geyser
3417:Coulee
3402:Bourne
3397:Arroyo
3300:Rivers
3284:Rivers
3020:: the
2983:: the
2930:where
2743:where
2519:where
2266:where
2118:volume
1957:, the
1840:, the
1703:Planck
1693:Nernst
1668:Kelvin
1628:Carnot
918:
783:
651:
593:Volume
508:Note:
467:Cycles
296:Second
286:Zeroth
4300:Levee
4285:Flume
4240:Canal
3984:Flood
3904:Shoal
3771:Gully
3766:Gulch
3736:Chine
3721:Bayou
3578:Armor
3530:Ponor
3305:lists
2567:. As
2133:after
2002:limit
1848:, or
1751:Other
1718:Stahl
1673:Lewis
1663:Joule
1653:Gibbs
1648:Duhem
341:State
301:Third
291:First
4330:Weir
4295:Leat
3959:and
3851:Wadi
3811:Rill
3776:Glen
3761:Gill
3711:Bank
3553:and
3518:list
3501:list
3472:list
3407:Burn
3290:and
3131:2017
2562:cos
2365:area
2166:and
1974:1 Sv
1941:and
1925:The
1920:flux
1832:and
1723:Tait
553:Heat
548:Work
278:Laws
4250:Dam
3716:Bar
3691:Ait
3239:doi
3213:doi
3187:doi
3016:In
2989:In
2979:In
2844:cos
2825:cos
2620:cos
2495:cos
2036:lim
1929:is
1903:.
1828:In
1566:Art
512:in
142:m/s
4517::
3286:,
3233:.
3207:.
3181:.
3117:.
3090:.
3086:.
2993::
2947:−
2760:=
2750:=
2694::
2647:0.
2580:=
2452:.
2303::
2287:=
2275:=
2128:.
1992:.
1967:SI
104:,
3474:)
3470:(
3307:)
3303:(
3276:e
3269:t
3262:v
3245:.
3241::
3219:.
3215::
3193:.
3189::
3155:.
3133:.
3103:.
2967:2
2964:θ
2958:1
2955:θ
2949:r
2945:R
2940:r
2936:R
2932:T
2915:,
2912:)
2907:1
2894:2
2886:(
2877:2
2872:T
2869:r
2863:+
2860:)
2855:1
2836:2
2822:(
2813:2
2808:T
2805:R
2799:=
2792:d
2787:L
2758:ρ
2748:ṁ
2728:,
2715:m
2708:=
2705:Q
2682:Q
2644:=
2640:)
2635:2
2627:(
2617:A
2614:v
2611:=
2608:Q
2591:2
2588:/
2585:π
2578:θ
2569:θ
2564:θ
2557:v
2535:n
2521:θ
2504:,
2492:A
2489:v
2486:=
2483:Q
2433:n
2426:A
2423:=
2419:A
2391:n
2373:A
2348:.
2344:A
2339:d
2331:v
2325:A
2317:=
2314:Q
2284:A
2279:,
2272:v
2251:,
2247:A
2239:v
2235:=
2232:Q
2201:Q
2179:m
2175:q
2152:v
2148:q
2126:t
2122:V
2101:,
2095:t
2091:d
2085:V
2081:d
2074:=
2068:t
2060:V
2049:0
2043:t
2032:=
2023:V
2017:=
2014:Q
1916:q
1867:V
1854:Q
1817:e
1810:t
1803:v
1330:S
1327:T
1321:H
1318:=
1315:)
1312:p
1309:,
1306:T
1303:(
1300:G
1275:S
1272:T
1266:U
1263:=
1260:)
1257:V
1254:,
1251:T
1248:(
1245:A
1220:V
1217:p
1214:+
1211:U
1208:=
1205:)
1202:p
1199:,
1196:S
1193:(
1190:H
1165:)
1162:V
1159:,
1156:S
1153:(
1150:U
1027:T
1003:V
980:V
956:1
931:=
895:p
871:V
848:V
824:1
796:=
760:T
736:N
713:S
689:T
664:=
661:c
584:)
185:1
176:T
168:3
162:L
115:V
102:Q
85:.
69:)
65:(
20:)
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