184:
196:
720:
27:
253:. It was considerably smaller than the State University of Ghent, which admitted more than 1,200 students each year before the war. In contrast, between October 1916 and October 1918, 477 students registered at the Institute. In the first year, 138 students were enrolled, while that number increased to 407 enrolled students in 1917-1918. .
141:
legal equality for Dutch as an official national language, but the issue was still contentious at the outbreak of war in August 1914. In particular, the language used in higher education was still being highlighted by the
Flemish Movement, as French remained the only language of instruction in all
211:, was put in charge of the project. Von Dyck strongly believed that the university would defend Germany's strategic and military interests, describing it as "a mighty fortress, a trusty shield and a weapon for us Germans."
261:
The university itself is considered by historians to have failed to achieve its aims. It failed to gain wide support from across
Flemish Movement, particularly since some of the early supporters, including the historian
214:
The university opened its doors on 24 October 1916. It faced opposition from current students at Ghent
University, and also was condemned by a petition signed by 38 leading Flemish public figures including
175:
beliefs. In particular, since the issue of Ghent
University was already contentious, the German administration hoped to legitimize itself and at the same time to discredit the Belgian state.
792:
297:) who opposed any form of collaboration with the Germans. After the end of the war, in 1930, Ghent University became Dutch speaking following continued agitation by the Flemish Movement.
266:
who had campaigned for Dutch language instruction, had been imprisoned. It was equally resented by many French-speaking academics. This, however, did not stop the continuation of the
797:
757:
767:
305:
235:
220:
158:
66:
135:) increasingly challenged the use of French in majority Dutch-speaking Flanders. In the years before the World War I, the movement had achieved
704:
344:- a similar institution reopened by German occupation authorities in 1915 to seek support from Polish nationalists in the former Russian Empire
285:) of Ghent University, many within the movement were divided about whether accepting the university would be collaboration and some students
317:
83:
which campaigned against Ghent
University's curriculum being taught only in French, despite the university being located in Dutch-speaking
782:
762:
724:
183:
649:
598:
617:
271:
151:
736:
777:
289:
it. The establishment of the university created a rupture within the
Flemish Movement between the "Activists" (
92:
536:
123:
population. French had historically been privileged as the language of the government, civil service and the
772:
362:
730:
195:
787:
752:
216:
608:
De
Schaepdrijver, Sophie (2002). "The Idea of Belgium". In Roshwald, Aviel; Stites, Richard (eds.).
286:
422:
165:
sought to make the territory easier to govern by exploiting pre-war linguistic divisions. The
341:
310:
8:
627:
De
Schaepdrijver, Sophie (2014). "Violence and Legitimacy: Occupied Belgium, 1914-1918".
150:, would be forced by law to begin teaching in Dutch by 1915, but the outbreak of war and
698:
240:
225:
162:
88:
30:
645:
613:
594:
204:
660:
208:
143:
128:
80:
70:
610:
European
Culture in the Great War: The Arts, Entertainment and Propaganda, 1914-18
250:
116:
17:
263:
120:
58:
50:
42:
746:
188:
172:
167:
75:
665:
321:
329:
108:
644:. Nouvelle Histoire de Belgique (in French). Bruxelles: Le Cri édition.
203:
The university was inaugurated on 3 October 1916 with Peter
Hoffmann as
369:, is also seen. It may also be rendered in the modern, simplified form
301:
281:
Although the Flemish Movement had campaigned for the "Flemishization" (
246:
231:
593:. Comparatisme et Société 1 (in French). Brussels: College of Europe.
124:
278:, or RVV; a quasi-independent Flemish government) in February 1917.
127:
across the country. In the late 19th century, however, the emerging
629:
The Low Countries: Arts and Society in Flanders and the Netherlands
171:("Flemish policy") was launched in 1916 and was also influenced by
142:
Belgian universities. At the outbreak of war, it appeared that the
84:
398:
396:
394:
219:
delivered before its opening. Among the academics was the lawyer
137:
112:
464:
442:
440:
245:. Among the original students was the Flemish Movement activist
45:; "Flemish Academy"), commonly referred to by its detractors as
719:
325:
270:
by the German administration, which led to the creation of the
16:
Not to be confused with the modern university college known as
689:
Langendries, Elienne; Simon-Vandermeersch, Anne-Marie (1992).
688:
520:
518:
503:
452:
391:
320:. In it, one of the protagonists, Philippe Boesman (played by
26:
437:
293:) who supported the German initiatives and the "Passivists" (
147:
62:
793:
Universities and colleges disestablished in the 20th century
739:
at BESTOR (Belgian Science and Technology Online Resources).
79:
and was a response to the long-established grievance of the
515:
493:
491:
537:
Loockx, Kristof. "Studenten van de Vlaamsche Hoogeschool."
554:
488:
199:
A certificate of inscription from Von Bissing University
691:
175 jaar Universiteit Gent – Ghent University 1817-1992
542:
476:
207:, with around 40 academics. The German mathematician,
566:
425:. UGent Memoire, Ghent University. 12 September 2010
300:
Von Bissing University featured in the Belgian 2014
33:, Governor-general of Belgium between 1914 and 1917.
539:UGentMemorie. Last amendment on 22 September 2016
744:
626:
607:
470:
458:
446:
402:
798:Educational institutions disestablished in 1918
758:German occupation of Belgium during World War I
23:University in German-occupied Belgium (1916-18)
661:"In Vlaamse Velden: Geschiedenis met plaatjes"
95:from 1914 to 1917, who was himself one of the
87:. The institution took its informal name from
589:Amara, Michaël; Roland, Hubert, eds. (2004).
768:Defunct universities and colleges in Belgium
69:in October 1916. Distinct from the existing
588:
560:
509:
497:
154:stopped any realization of this objective.
73:, the University formed part of the German
703:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
737:Wetenschap aan de Von Bissinguniversiteit
658:
612:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
572:
639:
548:
524:
482:
194:
182:
25:
417:
415:
413:
411:
256:
745:
642:L'Entrée dans le XX Siècle, 1905-1918
119:, despite the presence of a majority
408:
316:("In Flanders' Fields") produced by
659:Reynebeau, Marc (13 January 2014).
13:
682:
14:
809:
783:1918 disestablishments in Belgium
733:in 1914-1918 Online Encyclopedia.
712:
328:at the university as an academic
146:, located in the Flemish city of
718:
582:
530:
763:1916 establishments in Belgium
355:
187:Students pictured outside the
1:
591:Gouverner en Belgique occupée
348:
178:
102:
384:
7:
335:
93:Governor-General of Belgium
10:
814:
324:), tries and fails to get
152:German invasion of Belgium
61:university established at
15:
640:Dumoulin, Michel (2010).
144:State University of Ghent
71:State University of Ghent
423:"De Eerste Wereldoorlog"
561:Amara & Roland 2004
510:Amara & Roland 2004
498:Amara & Roland 2004
373:. Another variation is
159:German-occupied Belgium
107:Before the outbreak of
67:German-occupied Belgium
55:von-Bissinguniversiteit
377:or "Academy at Ghent".
200:
192:
54:
47:von Bissing university
34:
778:20th century in Ghent
725:Vlaamsche Hoogeschool
471:De Schaepdrijver 2014
459:De Schaepdrijver 2002
447:De Schaepdrijver 2014
403:De Schaepdrijver 2002
367:Vlaemsche Hoogeschool
363:archaic Dutch version
198:
186:
39:Vlaamsche Hoogeschool
29:
727:at Wikimedia Commons
342:University of Warsaw
257:Reception and legacy
111:higher education in
99:'s chief advocates.
773:History of Flanders
731:University of Ghent
527:, pp. 133–134.
512:, p. 169; 366.
375:Hoogeschool te Gent
276:Raad van Vlaanderen
272:Council of Flanders
234:, and the linguist
161:, Governor-General
371:Vlaamse Hogeschool
287:passively resisted
201:
193:
163:Moritz von Bissing
89:Moritz von Bissing
35:
31:Moritz von Bissing
723:Media related to
651:978-2-8710-6545-6
600:978-90-5201-238-4
473:, pp. 53–54.
365:of the spelling,
306:In Vlaamse Velden
191:of the university
805:
788:Ghent University
753:Flemish Movement
722:
708:
702:
694:
678:
676:
674:
655:
636:
623:
604:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
513:
507:
501:
495:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
435:
434:
432:
430:
419:
406:
400:
378:
359:
314:
244:
229:
209:Walther von Dyck
133:Vlaamse Beweging
129:Flemish Movement
81:Flemish Movement
813:
812:
808:
807:
806:
804:
803:
802:
743:
742:
715:
696:
695:
685:
683:Further reading
672:
670:
652:
620:
601:
585:
580:
579:
571:
567:
559:
555:
547:
543:
535:
531:
523:
516:
508:
504:
496:
489:
481:
477:
469:
465:
457:
453:
445:
438:
428:
426:
421:
420:
409:
401:
392:
387:
382:
381:
360:
356:
351:
338:
308:
259:
251:Gaston Burssens
238:
236:Hippoliet Meert
223:
221:Lodewijk Dosfel
181:
105:
24:
21:
18:Hogeschool Gent
12:
11:
5:
811:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
741:
740:
734:
728:
714:
713:External links
711:
710:
709:
684:
681:
680:
679:
656:
650:
637:
624:
618:
605:
599:
584:
581:
578:
577:
573:Reynebeau 2014
565:
553:
551:, p. 134.
541:
529:
514:
502:
487:
485:, p. 133.
475:
463:
461:, p. 286.
451:
436:
407:
405:, p. 284.
389:
388:
386:
383:
380:
379:
353:
352:
350:
347:
346:
345:
337:
334:
283:flamandisation
264:Paul Fredericq
258:
255:
180:
177:
121:Dutch-speaking
104:
101:
59:Dutch-speaking
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
810:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
748:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
721:
717:
716:
706:
700:
692:
687:
686:
668:
667:
662:
657:
653:
647:
643:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
619:9780521013246
615:
611:
606:
602:
596:
592:
587:
586:
574:
569:
563:, p. 25.
562:
557:
550:
549:Dumoulin 2010
545:
538:
533:
526:
525:Dumoulin 2010
521:
519:
511:
506:
500:, p. 24.
499:
494:
492:
484:
483:Dumoulin 2010
479:
472:
467:
460:
455:
449:, p. 53.
448:
443:
441:
424:
418:
416:
414:
412:
404:
399:
397:
395:
390:
376:
372:
368:
364:
358:
354:
343:
340:
339:
333:
331:
330:gynaecologist
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
268:Flamenpolitik
265:
254:
252:
249:and the poet
248:
242:
237:
233:
227:
222:
218:
212:
210:
206:
197:
190:
185:
176:
174:
170:
169:
168:Flamenpolitik
164:
160:
155:
153:
149:
145:
140:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
100:
98:
97:Flamenpolitik
94:
91:, the German
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:
76:Flamenpolitik
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
28:
19:
690:
671:. Retrieved
666:De Standaard
664:
641:
632:
628:
609:
590:
583:Bibliography
568:
556:
544:
532:
505:
478:
466:
454:
427:. Retrieved
374:
370:
366:
357:
322:Wim Opbrouck
304:
299:
294:
290:
282:
280:
275:
267:
260:
230:, historian
217:Louis Franck
213:
202:
166:
156:
136:
132:
106:
96:
74:
46:
38:
36:
309: [
295:passivisten
239: [
224: [
115:was run in
109:World War I
747:Categories
669:(in Dutch)
349:References
302:miniseries
291:activisten
247:Wies Moens
232:Jules Mees
179:University
173:Pan-German
103:Background
699:cite book
385:Citations
125:bourgeois
57:), was a
693:. Ghent.
673:24 April
635:: 46–56.
429:14 April
336:See also
85:Flanders
138:de jure
113:Belgium
648:
616:
597:
326:tenure
205:rector
117:French
313:]
243:]
228:]
148:Ghent
63:Ghent
51:Dutch
43:Dutch
705:link
675:2015
646:ISBN
614:ISBN
595:ISBN
431:2014
361:The
189:Aula
37:The
318:VRT
157:In
65:in
749::
701:}}
697:{{
663:.
633:22
631:.
517:^
490:^
439:^
410:^
393:^
332:.
311:nl
241:nl
226:nl
53::
707:)
677:.
654:.
622:.
603:.
575:.
433:.
274:(
131:(
49:(
41:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
