186:
reunited with the owner, who had usually already fled to an unknown destination. Instead, it sat in Nazi-owned warehouses, which sold the goods to pay the "storage charges" that the owner obviously could not cover. A frequent penalty for emigrating was to be stripped of citizenship, and at this point all goods fell to the State, which would sell them as "property of a Jew" through the State-owned auction house, the
Dorotheum, or the dealership of VUGESTA, the branch of the Gestapo responsible for the valuation of emigré goods.
734:, Caroline Czeczowiczka, Hans Engel, Ernst Egger, Josef Freund, Elsa Gall, Robert Gerngross, Daisy Hellmann, Bruno Jellinek, Siegfried Kantor, Gottlieb Kraus, Klara Mertens, Moriz und Stefan Kuffner, Stefan Mautner, Oskar Reichel, Louise Simon oder Siegfried Trebitsch. Beinahe alle österreichischen Bundes- und Landesmuseen bzw. -sammlungen erwarben oder erhielten während der NS-Zeit Kunstwerke von der Vugesta, und im Kunsthandel tauchen bis heute Objekte auf, die aus Umzugslifts geflohener Jüdinnen und Juden stammen.
228:" in 1938; his art collection was confiscated by the Nazi authorities and sold, partly to private individuals, partly to state collections. The Ostade painting was confiscated by the VUGESTA (Secret State Police Administration Point for Jewish Removals) and brought to the Dorotheum auction house; however, it was sold to the Art History Museum on 2 December 1941 for 16,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ before its planned sale at auction."
542:
42,092 ℛ︁ℳ︁ (obviously partly through the
Dorotheum, the state owned Austrian auction house, which was heavily used for "whitewashing" and selling machinery for looted art objects which were not under "Führervorbehalt," being reserved for Adolf Hitler). Among other objects he "bought" was a Lucas Cranach, Madonna with Child, from the confiscated Gomperz collection - which is still missing.
800:
102:
414:"Books and Publications: Robert Holzbauer, "The Seizure of Assets of Enemies of the People and the State in Austria". The "VUGESTA": The Gestapo's Office for the Disposal of the Property of Jewish Emigrants ("Einziehung volks- und staatsfeindlichen Vermögens im Lande Österreich". Die "VUGESTA" - die "Verwertungsstelle für jüdisches Umzugsgut der Gestapo), 2000"
214:: "The ANL concluded after its investigation that its Korngold holdings had been confiscated and transferred to the ANL by the Vugesta. Among these materials were 2,122 letters to Erich Wolfgang Korngold, and his father Julius, the prominent Viennese music critic; other important Korngold music library materials remain unaccounted for today.
161:
From the early autumn of 1940 until the end of the war, the
Vugesta seized and sold the belongings of around 5,000 to 6,000 Jews and the home furnishings of at least 10,000 Jewish families who fled or were deported for over five million Reichsmarks. In addition, the Vugesta made a further ten million
196:
The Kraus Family ("When the
National Socialist regime deprives all Jews living abroad of their German citizenship, the property of the Kraus family is classified as 'property of the enemy'. As a result, it is administered by the 'Verwertungsstelle für jüdisches Umzugsgut der Gestapo' (Gestapo Agency
267:
On 29 April 1999, the Vienna City
Council decided that art acquired by questionable means (theft, confiscation, expropriation) during the Nazi era by the city's museums, libraries, archives and collections should to be returned to their original owners or their legal successors. Vugesta purchases
185:
When a Jew applied to emigrate, in theory only 25% of his goods went to the State. An inventory was submitted and the
Zentralstelle für Denkmalschutz decided which works of art were of national importance and these were "made secure", ie; confiscated. It was rare, however, for what was left to be
729:
Die heutige
Provenienzforschung steht vor dem Hintergrund der dürftigen Quellenlage und der gigantischen Umverteilungsvorgänge durch die Vugesta vor einer schwierigen Aufgabe. Die Vugesta war maßgeblich an der "Verwertung" unzähliger Wiener Kunstsammlungen beteiligt, etwa an jenen von: Bernhard
400:
In August 1940, the Reich
Security Main Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, "RSHA") divested Jews who had emigrated from Austria of their citizenship and ruled that any property left behind by Jews in warehouses in Austria was to be offered for sale. Objects packed for shipment out of Austria by
77:
Karl Herber managed the
Vugesta, headquartered in the "Reichsverkehrsgruppe Spedition und Lagerei / Ostmark" (formerly Central Association of Freight Forwarders for Austria, Vienna 1, Bauernmarkt 24). A collaboration between Austrian freight forwarders, Austrian warehouses and the Gestapo, the
541:
An illustrative case is Baldur von
Schirach, the former Hitler Youth leader and later Reichsleiter and Gauleiter in Vienna. In 1942 he had bought from the Vugesta (Verwaltungsstelle für Umzugsgüter jüdischer Emigranten), an agency of the Gestapo, confiscated Jewish property to the value of
116:
By the end of 1943, most of the property looted from Jews had been resold. After that, the Vugesta concentrated on selling off the deported Jews' home furnishings. To this end, the Krummbaumgasse furniture recycling center (headed by Bernhard Witke and Anton Grimm) worked closely with the
86:
In the first few years, the VUGESTA concentrated on property stolen from Jews fleeing Nazi terror or deported to camps. Jews were obliged to hand over their packed removal goods (so-called "lifts") to forwarding agents before they left. After the beginning of the
204:(the Gestapo office for the disposal of the property of Jewish emigrants) and with regard to more than 200 "aryanised" works acquired by Julius Fargel, the art restorer of the municipal collections and expert assessor of paintings for
137:
reserved them for himself. Hans Posse, the special representative for the Linz Führer Museum, had first pick. Museums had right of first refusal and purchased many artworks looted from Jews. After that, the Vugesta appraisers such as
67:(Reich Transport Group Forwarding and Storage). Jews who fled lost their citizenship and their property was seized and resold. Proceeds went to shipping companies, warehouses and regional tax authorities in Vienna and
401:
exiles and held by transporters and forwarding agents were seized with the involvement of the Vugesta (Gestapo Office for the Disposal of the Property of Jewish Emigrants), established in September 7, 1940.45
367:
322:
94:
Freight forwarders were also obliged to report on Jewish clients. In these cases, the Vugesta and Gestapo confiscated the property. The looted property was auctioned off through the
594:
146:, had access. Only when Nazi officers, art dealers and other favorites showed no interest were the goods sold to museums, dealers and private individuals via public auctions.
181:) Sophie Lillie detailed the mechanism by which theft was disguised as repossession for repayment of debt. The Art Newspaper summarized this process in a review of her book:
170:
The legal-looking transactions at the prestigious Dorotheum were used to whitewash the Nazi-looting of the objects sold. In 1997, Oliver Rathkolb described the mechanism in
512:
686:"Painting Restituted Following Publication in the Art Database of the National Fund - National Fund of the Republic of Austria for Victims of National Socialism"
685:
664:
392:
109:
Nazi party members, soldiers and local authorities could purchase the looted property along with war invalids, and people who had lost their homes. The
371:
314:
139:
197:
for Jewish Property, or Vugesta), which auctions the looted objects in the Dorotheum auction house or sells them by exhibiting them in Vienna.")
143:
586:
133:
All artworks and goods with an estimated value of over 1,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ were auctioned through the Dorotheum- unless the
883:
770:
272:
888:
534:"From 'Legacy of Shame' to the Auction of 'Heirless' Art in Vienna: Coming to Terms 'Austrian Style' with Nazi Artistic War Booty"
717:
172:
From 'Legacy of Shame' to the Auction of 'Heirless' Art in Vienna: Coming to Terms 'Austrian Style' with Nazi Artistic War Booty
829:
51:
of Jewish property, redistributing private property stolen from Jewish Austrians to non-Jewish or Aryan Austrians during the
118:
91:, however, these "lifts" were no longer forwarded, but remained with the freight forwarders or at intermediate stations.
811:
162:
Reichsmarks by selling items through the Dorotheum auction house. The profit from these sales financed the Nazi Reich.
893:
52:
903:
853:
639:
125:. The appraisers were given addresses and keys to the apartments, which were then cleared by forced laborers.
533:
898:
873:
858:
268:
between 1940 and 1945 was one of the three categories recognised by the Vienna Museum as looted property.
74:
The Vienna Gestapo founded the VUGESTA to auction off Jewish belongings beginning on September 7, 1940.
878:
823:
368:"The Vugesta - The Gestapo Office for the Disposal of the Property of Jewish Emigrants - Art Database"
315:"The Vugesta - The Gestapo Office for the Disposal of the Property of Jewish Emigrants - Art Database"
868:
804:
289:
294:
211:
665:"The Vienna Archives: Musical Expropriations During the Nazi Era and 21st Century Ramifications"
393:"The Vienna Archives: Musical Expropriations During the Nazi Era and 21st Century Ramifications"
250:, Bruno Jellinek, Siegfried Kantor, Gottlieb Kraus, Klara Mertens, Moriz und Stefan Kuffner,
217:
235:
774:
343:
8:
464:
709:
561:
158:, of which 10 million ℛ︁ℳ︁ came from the Dorotheum auction house.
437:
863:
438:"Von der "wilden Arisierung" zur VUGESTA - From 'Wild Aryanisation' to the Vugesta"
231:
88:
615:
154:
Vugesta's proceeds for the years 1941 and 1944, are estimated at 14 million
839:(Czernin Verlag, Vienna, 2003) 1,440 pp, 354 b/w ills, €69 (hb), ISBN 3707600491
413:
251:
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122:
830:
Vugesta - Verwaltungsstelle der Gestapo, welche jüdisches Eigentum veräusserte
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48:
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On August 22, 1940, the Reich Minister of Justice issued a decree to the
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110:
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225:
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587:"A portrait, person by person, item by item, of a society wiped out"
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344:"IKG VIENNA - DEPARTMENT FOR RESTITUTION AFFAIRS - Research Guide"
32:
242:, Caroline Czeczowiczka, Hans Engel, Ernst Egger, Josef Freund,
837:
Was einmal war: Handbuch der enteigneten, Kunstsammlungen Wiens
799:
221:
68:
40:
513:"1.2 Nazi Agencies Engaged in the Looting of Material Culture"
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Was einmal war Handbuch der enteigneten Kunstsammlungen Wiens
179:
Was einmal war Handbuch der enteigneten Kunstsammlungen Wiens
81:
43:
that from 1940 to 1945 seized the possessions of 5,000-6,000
710:"VUGESTA | Lexikon der österreichischen Provenienzforschung"
177:
In her study of Nazi looting of art collections in Vienna (
101:
224:
businessman Bruno Jellinek, fled Austria following the "
190:
105:
Legitimation card for the Vugesta auction, May 1941
273:list of artworks it had purchased from the Vugesta
845:
174:in a chapter called "the whitewashing problem"
747:"Looted Cultural Property in the Wien Museum"
489:"Looted Cultural Property in the Wien Museum"
128:
730:Altmann, Richard Beer-Hofmann, Hugo Blitz,
220:: "The original owner of the painting, the
640:"Restitution report by the City of Vienna"
113:controlled the seizures and the auctions.
82:The Gestapo, the Vugesta and the Dorotheum
65:Reichsverkehrsgruppe Spedition und Lagerei
258:, Louise Simon oder Siegfried Trebitsch.
100:
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553:
459:
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200:"144 acquisitions by museums from the
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662:
119:Central Office for Jewish Emigration
554:Lillie, Sophie (19 February 2003).
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29:Vermögens-Umzugsgut von der Gestapo
13:
191:Examples of looting by the Vugesta
149:
14:
915:
792:
884:Austria under National Socialism
798:
465:"Restitution : WIEN MUSEUM"
275:that had been looted from Jews.
889:Holocaust-related organizations
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720:from the original on 2020-08-10
714:Lexikon-provenienzforschung.org
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271:The Vienna Museum published a
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1:
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47:. It was a key player in the
773:. 2004-11-03. Archived from
616:"Munich's Looted Art Bazaar"
370:. 2020-01-13. Archived from
78:Vugesta employed 12 people.
31:" ("Property Removed by the
7:
278:
58:
10:
920:
771:"Historisches Museum Wien"
575:– via Open WorldCat.
129:Valuables and works of art
16:Nazi looting organization
894:The Holocaust in Austria
290:The Holocaust in Austria
39:looting organization in
822:demokratiezentrum.org:
672:Static1.squarespace.com
620:Lootedartcommission.com
212:Erich Wolfgang Korngold
904:Vienna in World War II
854:1945 disestablishments
188:
106:
816:kunstrestitution.at:
183:
104:
53:Nazi reign in Austria
807:at Wikimedia Commons
246:, Robert Gerngross,
236:Richard Beer-Hofmann
899:Austrian war crimes
874:Persecution of Jews
859:1940 establishments
663:Shapreau, Carla J.
591:Theartnewspaper.com
166:Whitewashing theft
156:ℛ︁ℳ︁
107:
879:Looting in Europe
810:List of items at
803:Media related to
690:Nationalfonds.org
520:Art.claimscon.org
348:Restitution.or.at
319:Kunstdatenbank.at
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732:Oscar Bondy
571:19 February
263:Restitution
240:Oscar Bondy
144:Anton Grimm
848:Categories
781:2021-10-17
756:2021-10-17
724:2021-03-25
695:2021-03-25
649:2021-03-25
644:Wien.gv.at
625:2021-03-25
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498:2021-03-25
474:2021-03-25
447:2021-03-25
423:2021-03-25
378:2021-03-25
353:2021-03-25
329:2021-03-25
301:References
295:Unser Wien
111:Nazi Party
566:231981591
244:Elsa Gall
226:Anschluss
96:Dorotheum
35:") was a
718:Archived
595:Archived
323:Archived
279:See also
59:Creation
25:VUGESTAP
864:Gestapo
824:Vugesta
818:Vugesta
812:Vugesta
805:Vugesta
206:Vugesta
202:Vugesta
33:Gestapo
27:) for "
21:Vugesta
564:
135:Führer
69:Berlin
41:Vienna
23:(also
668:(PDF)
537:(PDF)
516:(PDF)
396:(PDF)
222:Czech
573:2022
562:OCLC
37:Nazi
19:The
142:or
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