887:
138:
218:
of North
Florida, also a language isolate. However, he has also derived Timucua morphemes from Muskogean, Chibchan, Paezan, Arawakan, and other Amazonian languages, suggesting multi-language
1259:
Wilbert, Johannes. 1964. Warao Oral
Litrerature. Instituto Caribe de AntropologĂa y SociologĂa. FundaciĂłn La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Monograph no 9 Caracas: Editorial Sucre.
4108:
5422:
5488:
1262:
Wilbert, Johannes. 1969. Textos FolklĂłricos de los Indios Warao. Los
Angeles: Latin American Center. University of California. Latin American Studies Vol. 12.
922:
4089:
5410:
4067:
1631:
489:
The Warao consonant inventory is small, but not quite as small as many other South
American inventories. It does not contain any notable exotica.
5417:
1468:
210:
family, but the necessary supporting work was never done. Julian
Granberry connected many of the grammatical forms, including nominal and verbal
5478:
3954:
237:
5400:
1304:
5463:
2056:
5405:
4360:
5308:
4867:
4082:
5483:
5255:
4102:
1096:
4098:
3469:
3050:
1624:
4816:
3579:
1461:
206:, unrelated to any recorded language in the region or elsewhere. Terrence Kaufman (1994) included it in his hypothetical
2551:
478:
4097:
5275:
4075:
3736:
1297:
994:
961:
952:(2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, VerĂłnica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.).
5473:
5427:
5295:
5230:
4680:
3712:
2951:
1063:
5468:
5448:
5240:
4138:
2870:
2806:
2049:
1617:
1256:
Vaquero, Antonio. 1965. Idioma Warao. MorfologĂa, sintaxis, literatura. Estudios
Venezolanos IndĂgenas. Caracas.
5453:
4584:
3483:
2725:
1454:
3234:
5349:
5250:
5245:
5060:
4669:
3949:
3596:
2731:
2556:
2342:
2336:
2260:
2002:
4973:
5458:
5280:
5260:
3959:
3944:
3643:
2944:
2931:
2702:
2663:
1435:
1290:
1149:
250:(from toponymic evidence it seems that the Warao or a related people once occupied Goajiro country) and in
124:
5195:
683:
679:
672:
668:
657:
650:
626:
604:
599:
587:
576:
560:
555:
548:
543:
5235:
4719:
3939:
3933:
3718:
2991:
2909:
2882:
2586:
2576:
1031:
474:
274:"sit, stool"). Granberry & Vescelius (2004) note that toponymic evidence suggests that the pre-Taino
182:
5384:
5270:
5220:
4784:
4379:
3505:
3166:
2963:
2761:
2621:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2277:
2042:
5225:
5210:
5111:
5026:
4789:
4569:
4466:
3917:
3724:
3700:
3675:
3648:
3631:
2641:
2596:
2566:
2539:
2110:
2065:
886:
5185:
5180:
4735:
3964:
3771:
3408:
3396:
3228:
2290:
2283:
2099:
2023:
1789:
5215:
2969:
2894:
2297:
2247:
1250:
1145:
4198:
5369:
5329:
5205:
5200:
5190:
5175:
4713:
4485:
4399:
4364:
3983:
3831:
3626:
3402:
3355:
2985:
2902:
2561:
2545:
2353:
2254:
2117:
2093:
1738:
1640:
1430:
386:) that spoke Warao or languages closely related to modern Warao. Other extinct groups include:
4641:
4421:
3621:
5379:
5359:
5344:
5303:
5265:
5050:
5002:
4887:
4614:
4544:
4481:
4029:
3927:
3616:
3419:
3209:
3198:
3160:
2767:
2741:
2646:
2636:
2319:
2235:
2086:
1995:
1477:
1115:
694:
279:
4826:
4300:
4165:
3730:
3455:
5354:
5334:
5136:
5070:
4875:
4724:
4004:
3761:
3569:
3542:
3525:
3493:
3391:
3105:
3030:
2957:
2736:
2713:
2685:
2616:
2527:
2308:
1814:
1512:
1409:
4931:
4447:
4307:
3889:
1046:
8:
5374:
5339:
5313:
4831:
4806:
4699:
4635:
4591:
4540:
4530:
4373:
4225:
3781:
3685:
3585:
3574:
3536:
3515:
3413:
3372:
3147:
3129:
3123:
3098:
3091:
3084:
2997:
2980:
2719:
2385:
2372:
2266:
2216:
2073:
1875:
1537:
1313:
339:
190:
4183:
1911:
5127:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5065:
5007:
4919:
4892:
4794:
4777:
4648:
4624:
4579:
4562:
4525:
4520:
4335:
4218:
4178:
4127:
3695:
3690:
3680:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3637:
3606:
3601:
3554:
3548:
3499:
3444:
3367:
3251:
3215:
3176:
3118:
2925:
2920:
2631:
2390:
2359:
2325:
2313:
2272:
2147:
1948:
1903:
1852:
1829:
1713:
1708:
1685:
1654:
1388:
1237:
Barral, Basilio de. 1979. Diccionario Warao-Castellano, Castellano-Warao. Caracas: UCAB
1226:
1120:
502:
4945:
4342:
4321:
4188:
3792:
3755:
1958:
1779:
1698:
1583:
1373:
1343:
1240:
Figeroa, Andrés Romero. 1997. A Reference
Grammar of Warao. MĂĽnchen, Newcastle: Lincom
1176:
116:
5364:
5285:
5012:
4985:
4898:
4847:
4763:
4729:
4703:
4675:
4660:
4596:
4286:
4147:
3706:
3611:
3591:
3530:
3510:
3221:
3182:
3153:
3141:
3078:
3024:
3002:
2975:
2915:
2888:
2707:
2668:
2658:
2626:
2499:
2425:
2407:
2401:
2303:
2221:
2135:
1893:
1809:
1774:
1761:
1723:
1703:
1664:
1573:
1527:
1368:
1230:
1092:
990:
984:
957:
956:. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166.
923:"Venezuela's First Film Shot in the Warao Language Is Chosen as Entry for the Oscars"
517:
507:
295:
4952:
4502:
4495:
4233:
4211:
4204:
3797:
3786:
3766:
2104:
5116:
5083:
5039:
5020:
4966:
4925:
4905:
4821:
4770:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4686:
4602:
4515:
4509:
4385:
4259:
4254:
4193:
4154:
4014:
3874:
3864:
3859:
3813:
3807:
3776:
3669:
3564:
3488:
3426:
3378:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3274:
3258:
3193:
3188:
3171:
3112:
3006:
2938:
2849:
2816:
2784:
2680:
2652:
2601:
2522:
2506:
2492:
2474:
2467:
2453:
2413:
2395:
2379:
2365:
2187:
2170:
1865:
1804:
1784:
1746:
1718:
1578:
1522:
1517:
1491:
1363:
1353:
1327:
1272:
1218:
1172:
1137:
497:
436:
407:
311:
299:
283:
275:
247:
231:
215:
203:
166:
79:
75:
4460:
4392:
4328:
4314:
4293:
3854:
3802:
2794:
1937:
1837:
1751:
1245:
303:
5142:
5076:
4912:
4856:
4630:
4574:
4427:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4009:
3884:
3869:
3838:
3559:
3520:
3385:
3331:
3203:
3065:
2831:
2826:
2691:
2606:
2487:
2480:
2460:
2442:
2347:
2330:
2129:
2007:
1990:
1968:
1942:
1916:
1883:
1794:
1693:
1659:
1598:
1588:
1563:
1558:
1532:
1507:
1414:
1383:
1348:
1209:
Osborn Jr, Henry A. (1966b). "Warao II: Nouns, Relationals, and
Demonstratives".
697:(1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Uarao (Warao) and Mariusa.
594:
512:
67:
4552:
4548:
4173:
129:
5170:
5149:
5032:
4995:
4959:
4453:
4439:
4415:
4019:
3848:
3819:
3450:
3336:
3319:
3269:
3264:
3135:
3072:
2842:
2836:
2756:
2751:
2697:
2674:
2419:
2241:
2198:
2181:
2175:
2153:
2141:
1953:
1932:
1888:
1860:
1819:
1799:
1769:
1728:
1568:
1378:
1358:
1277:
900:
251:
874:
5442:
4938:
4881:
4841:
3903:
3843:
3825:
3341:
3325:
3279:
3036:
2856:
2821:
2811:
2789:
2746:
2611:
2192:
2124:
980:
949:
619:
331:
307:
2034:
4349:
2800:
1842:
1542:
334:
region of northeastern
Venezuela, with smaller communities in southwestern
327:
219:
207:
162:
48:
100:
1609:
641:
1446:
986:
American Indian
Languages - The Historical Linguistics of Native America
2447:
879:
530:
470:
185:
1282:
362:
Historical sources mention ethnic groups in the Orinoco Delta such as
675:/ has an allophone word-initially and when between /i, a/ and /a/.
569:
323:
170:
109:
93:
30:
1140:(1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.).
1089:
Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré
1036:(Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). BrasĂlia: University of BrasĂlia.
1222:
1163:
Romero-Figueroa, Andrés (1985). "OSV as the basic order in Warao".
927:
347:
335:
294:
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the
211:
178:
38:
538:
398:
137:
1033:
Estudo arqueo-ecolinguĂstico das terras tropicais sul-americanas
420:– spoken on the Laguna de Asfalto, state of Monagas (unattested)
4043:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
4024:
3922:
432:– spoken in the same region on the Cocuina and Macareo branches
426:– spoken in the Orinoco Delta on the Manamo branch (unattested)
351:
343:
243:
174:
34:
1144:. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office:
169:, it is spoken by about 33,000 people primarily in northern
686:. After /k/, in word-initial position, /u/ becomes .
1080:
310:language families due to contact within an earlier
1119:
222:as a possible explanation for these similarities.
1122:Classification of South American Indian languages
1064:"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger"
322:The language had an estimated 28,100 speakers in
5440:
1194:. International Journal of American Linguistics.
1018:A Grammar and Dictionary of the Timucua Language
942:
5489:Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
1162:
413:Loukotka (1968) lists the following varieties:
270:"ceremonial stool" in Classic Taino—cf. Warao
238:Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles
4083:
2064:
2050:
1625:
1462:
1298:
1211:International Journal of American Linguistics
975:
973:
4053:Families with more than 30 languages are in
1023:
1110:
1108:
1087:Epps, Patience; Michael, Lev, eds. (2023).
1086:
1030:Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016).
350:. The language is considered endangered by
4090:
4076:
2057:
2043:
1639:
1632:
1618:
1469:
1455:
1305:
1291:
1208:
1189:
1130:
1126:. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
970:
136:
4099:Indigenous language families and isolates
1476:
954:The Indigenous Languages of South America
1114:
1105:
1029:
989:. Oxford University Press. p. 150.
979:
948:
4164:
1312:
921:Vargas, Andrew S. (10 September 2015).
5441:
1192:Warao I: Phonology and Morphophonemics
920:
4437:
4071:
2038:
1613:
1450:
1286:
1136:
914:
225:
1278:Warao Language by Stefanie Herrmann
289:
13:
5464:Language isolates of South America
1142:Handbook of South American Indians
1051:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
868:
266:"gold" (lit. "yellow pebble")—and
14:
5500:
1266:
671:is usually realized as voiced . /
197:
1202:
1047:"WARAO: a language of Venezuela"
885:
181:. It is notable for its unusual
161:) is the native language of the
1183:
1156:
1152:Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
479:nominative–accusative languages
477:, a very rare word order among
317:
1056:
1040:
1010:
893:
1:
5479:Object–subject–verb languages
1190:Osborn Jr., Henry A. (1966).
1177:10.1016/S0024-3841(85)90281-5
1091:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
861:
689:
5484:Endangered language isolates
1436:South Rupununi Sign Language
1150:Bureau of American Ethnology
484:
357:
262:"gold" in Ciboney—cf. Warao
188:. The 2015 Venezuelan film
16:Language of the Warao people
7:
1246:Diccionario Español - Warao
678:There are five oral vowels
10:
5505:
4817:Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan
464:
235:
229:
5393:
5322:
5294:
5163:
5125:
5049:
4983:
4866:
4805:
4698:
4658:
4612:
4539:
4479:
4359:
4247:
4137:
4117:
4038:
3997:
3974:
3913:
3902:
3746:
3479:
3468:
3436:
3363:
3354:
3243:
3060:
3049:
3016:
2878:
2869:
2777:
2535:
2521:
2435:
2230:
2212:
2163:
2081:
2072:
2066:Primary language families
2016:
1981:
1925:
1902:
1874:
1851:
1828:
1760:
1737:
1684:
1675:
1647:
1551:
1500:
1484:
1423:
1402:
1336:
1320:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
494:
135:
123:
107:
91:
86:
64:
54:
44:
26:
21:
2883:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
2024:Venezuelan Sign Language
1273:Warao-Spanish dictionary
5474:Agglutinative languages
4050:have no living members.
1249:. FundaciĂłn Turismo de
1146:Smithsonian Institution
60:32,800 (2005–2011)
5469:Macro-Paesan languages
5449:Languages of Venezuela
5418:Unclassified languages
4030:Unclassified languages
3984:list of sign languages
2952:Northeastern Tasmanian
1641:Languages of Venezuela
1431:Guyanese Sign Language
903:. www.jorojokowarao.de
682:and five nasal vowels
282:of Cuba may have been
278:of Hispaniola and the
246:" vocabulary items in
242:Granberry also finds "
202:Warao appears to be a
5454:Languages of Suriname
4988:, Bolivia, and Chile)
4809:(west-central Brazil)
4005:Constructed languages
1478:Languages of Suriname
473:has been analyzed as
469:The language's basic
330:live chiefly in the
280:Guanahatabey language
236:Further information:
194:was spoken in Warao.
2552:Binanderean–Goilalan
1552:Indigenous languages
1513:Caribbean Hindustani
1410:Caribbean Hindustani
1337:Indigenous languages
1243:Ponce, Peter. 2004.
1053:, 14th Edition, 2000
314:interaction sphere.
5459:Languages of Guyana
5411:Marañón River basin
5276:Tequiraca–Canichana
5256:Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
3834:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
3737:Tequiraca–Canichana
3580:Harákmbut–Katukinan
2343:Northwest Caucasian
2337:Northeast Caucasian
2261:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
1314:Languages of Guyana
667:The labial plosive
475:object–subject–verb
340:Trinidad and Tobago
191:Gone with the River
183:object–subject–verb
5231:Esmeralda–Yaruroan
5164:Proposed groupings
4118:Language families
3456:Tarascan/Purépecha
2945:Northern Tasmanian
2703:South Bougainville
2664:North Bougainville
1501:Regional languages
1016:Julian Granberry,
214:, of Warao to the
5436:
5435:
5406:Extinct languages
5159:
5158:
4475:
4474:
4243:
4242:
4112:
4065:
4064:
4015:Language isolates
3993:
3992:
3898:
3897:
3464:
3463:
3350:
3349:
3045:
3044:
2992:Western Tasmanian
2910:Eastern Tasmanian
2865:
2864:
2587:East Geelvink Bay
2517:
2516:
2208:
2207:
2032:
2031:
1977:
1976:
1648:Official language
1607:
1606:
1485:Official language
1444:
1443:
1321:Official language
1138:Mason, John Alden
1116:Loukotka, ÄŚestmĂr
1098:978-3-11-043273-2
883:(19th ed., 2016)
857:
856:
665:
664:
533:
526:
226:Waroid hypothesis
144:
143:
5496:
5428:Linguistic areas
5296:Linguistic areas
4838:? Mura–MatanawĂ
4585:Andoque–Urequena
4435:
4434:
4162:
4161:
4135:
4134:
4106:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4069:
4068:
3911:
3910:
3865:Huaorani/Waorani
3749:(extant in 2000)
3713:Esmeralda–Yaruro
3484:Andoque–Urequena
3477:
3476:
3361:
3360:
3167:Plateau Penutian
3058:
3057:
3033:(Northern Daly?)
2876:
2875:
2762:Northwest Papuan
2726:Trans–New Guinea
2592:East New Britain
2567:Central Solomons
2533:
2532:
2278:Great Andamanese
2228:
2227:
2079:
2078:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2036:
2035:
1682:
1681:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1234:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1171:(2–3): 115–134.
1160:
1154:
1153:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1054:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
977:
968:
967:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
897:
891:
890:
889:
872:
702:
701:
685:
681:
674:
670:
659:
652:
628:
606:
601:
589:
578:
562:
557:
550:
545:
529:
524:
492:
491:
408:Margarita Island
326:as of 2007. The
312:Guiana Highlands
290:Language contact
284:Waroid languages
276:Macorix language
232:Waroid languages
216:Timucua language
204:language isolate
167:language isolate
140:
119:
103:
96:
76:Language isolate
70:
19:
18:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5389:
5318:
5290:
5251:Mataco–Guaicuru
5246:Katembri–Taruma
5211:Macro-Puinavean
5196:Macro-Otomákoan
5155:
5121:
5061:Mataco–Guaicuru
5045:
4979:
4862:
4801:
4694:
4670:Sechura–Catacao
4659:Pacific coast (
4654:
4613:Pacific coast (
4608:
4535:
4471:
4433:
4355:
4239:
4160:
4133:
4119:
4113:
4111:classification)
4105:
4096:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4034:
4020:Mixed languages
3989:
3970:
3905:
3894:
3748:
3742:
3597:Katembri–Taruma
3471:
3460:
3432:
3346:
3239:
3052:
3041:
3012:
2861:
2773:
2732:Turama–Kikorian
2642:Lower Mamberamo
2597:East Strickland
2525:
2513:
2431:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2159:
2068:
2063:
2033:
2028:
2012:
1983:
1973:
1921:
1898:
1870:
1847:
1824:
1790:Mapoyo-Yabarana
1756:
1733:
1677:
1671:
1643:
1638:
1608:
1603:
1547:
1496:
1480:
1475:
1445:
1440:
1419:
1415:Guyanese Creole
1403:Other languages
1398:
1332:
1316:
1311:
1269:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1188:
1184:
1161:
1157:
1135:
1131:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1041:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1001:
999:
997:
978:
971:
964:
947:
943:
933:
931:
919:
915:
906:
904:
899:
898:
894:
884:
873:
869:
864:
692:
487:
481:such as Warao.
467:
360:
320:
292:
240:
234:
228:
200:
149:(also known as
115:
99:
92:
82:
71:
68:Language family
66:
57:
56:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
5502:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5423:Classification
5420:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5309:Mamoré–Guaporé
5306:
5300:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5281:Wamo–Chapakura
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5261:Moseten–Chonan
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5186:Macro-Chibchan
5183:
5181:Macro-Arawakan
5178:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5068:
5056:
5054:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5024:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5010:
4999:
4991:
4989:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4868:Mamoré–Guaporé
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4844:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4812:
4810:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4709:
4707:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4620:
4618:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4566:
4558:
4556:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4491:
4489:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4444:
4442:
4432:
4431:
4424:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4248:Eastern Brazil
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4143:
4141:
4132:
4131:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4095:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4072:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3945:Indo-Pakistani
3942:
3937:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Piaroa–Saliban
3641:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3411:
3409:Tequistlatecan
3406:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3069:
3061:
3055:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2932:Marrku–Wurrugu
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2485:
2477:
2472:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2291:Hurro-Urartian
2287:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2225:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2122:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2017:Sign languages
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1424:Sign languages
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1267:External links
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1223:10.1086/464910
1217:(3): 253–261.
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1182:
1155:
1129:
1104:
1097:
1079:
1068:www.unesco.org
1055:
1039:
1022:
1009:
995:
981:Campbell, Lyle
969:
962:
950:Campbell, Lyle
941:
913:
892:
866:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
854:
851:
848:
844:
843:
840:
837:
833:
832:
829:
826:
822:
821:
818:
815:
811:
810:
807:
804:
800:
799:
796:
793:
789:
788:
786:
783:
779:
778:
775:
772:
768:
767:
764:
761:
757:
756:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
739:
735:
734:
731:
728:
724:
723:
720:
717:
713:
712:
709:
706:
691:
688:
663:
662:
660:
655:
653:
648:
646:
644:
638:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
624:
622:
616:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
602:
597:
591:
590:
585:
583:
581:
579:
574:
572:
566:
565:
563:
558:
553:
551:
546:
541:
535:
534:
527:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
486:
483:
466:
463:
462:
461:
456:
451:
439:(1950) lists:
434:
433:
427:
421:
411:
410:
401:
359:
356:
319:
316:
291:
288:
230:Main article:
227:
224:
199:
198:Classification
196:
142:
141:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
113:
105:
104:
97:
89:
88:
87:Language codes
84:
83:
74:
72:
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
28:
27:Native to
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5501:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5385:French Guiana
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5241:Je–Tupi–Carib
5239:
5237:
5236:Hibito–Cholon
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5216:Macro-Warpean
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4720:Hibito–Cholon
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4681:Cañari–Puruhá
4679:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4478:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4139:Je–Tupi–Carib
4136:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4109:Campbell 2012
4104:
4103:South America
4100:
4093:
4088:
4086:
4081:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3955:Original Thai
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3719:Hibito–Cholón
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3235:Yuman–CochimĂ
3233:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2970:Southern Daly
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:Darwin Region
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Demta–Sentani
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2298:Indo-European
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2248:Austroasiatic
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2211:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:Colonia Tovar
1994:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1203:Other sources
1193:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1019:
1013:
998:
996:0-19-509427-1
992:
988:
987:
982:
976:
974:
965:
963:9783110255133
959:
955:
951:
945:
930:
929:
924:
917:
902:
896:
888:
882:
881:
876:
871:
867:
852:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
835:
834:
830:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
813:
812:
808:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
791:
790:
787:
784:
781:
780:
776:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
748:
747:
743:
740:
737:
736:
732:
729:
726:
725:
721:
718:
715:
714:
710:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
698:
696:
687:
676:
661:
656:
654:
649:
647:
645:
643:
640:
639:
636:
634:
632:
630:
625:
623:
621:
618:
617:
614:
612:
610:
608:
603:
598:
596:
593:
592:
586:
584:
582:
580:
575:
573:
571:
568:
567:
564:
559:
554:
552:
547:
542:
540:
537:
536:
532:
528:
523:
522:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
493:
490:
482:
480:
476:
472:
460:
457:
455:
452:
449:
445:
442:
441:
440:
438:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
415:
414:
409:
405:
402:
400:
396:
392:
389:
388:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Orinoco Delta
329:
325:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
239:
233:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
195:
193:
192:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
139:
134:
131:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
112:
111:
106:
102:
98:
95:
90:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
63:
59:
53:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
5271:Saparo–Yawan
5221:Arutani–Sape
5206:Macro-Panoan
5201:Macro-Paesan
5191:Macro-Jibaro
5176:Macro-Andean
5148:
5141:
5112:Lule–Vilelan
5082:
5075:
5038:
5031:
5019:
4994:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4880:
4855:
4846:
4785:Saparo–Yawan
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4714:Pano–Tacanan
4712:
4685:
4647:
4640:
4623:
4617:and Ecuador)
4601:
4561:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4459:
4452:
4426:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4380:Arutani–Sape
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4232:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4153:
4146:
4126:
4120:and isolates
4054:
4047:
4046:Families in
3981:
3932:
3879:
3830:
3818:
3668:
3636:
3627:Pano-Tacanan
3584:
3547:
3535:
3506:Arutani–Sape
3498:
3443:
3425:
3418:
3403:Oto-Manguean
3401:
3384:
3377:
3324:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3257:
3250:
3227:
3220:
3208:
3181:
3159:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3071:
3064:
3023:
2990:
2986:Western Daly
2964:Pama–Nyungan
2962:
2950:
2943:
2930:
2908:
2903:Eastern Daly
2901:
2893:
2848:
2724:
2712:
2690:
2673:
2651:
2622:Kaure–Kosare
2582:Doso–Turumsa
2572:Chimbu–Wahgi
2562:Bulaka River
2546:Austronesian
2544:
2505:
2498:
2479:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2354:Sino-Tibetan
2352:
2335:
2318:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2265:
2255:Austronesian
2253:
2246:
2234:
2180:
2118:Nilo-Saharan
2116:
2109:
2094:Austronesian
2092:
2085:
1963:
1945:(Maku-Auari)
1739:Arutani-Sape
1593:
1543:Sranan Tongo
1393:
1244:
1214:
1210:
1191:
1185:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1141:
1132:
1121:
1088:
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1000:. Retrieved
985:
953:
944:
932:. Retrieved
926:
916:
905:. Retrieved
895:
878:
870:
693:
677:
666:
488:
468:
458:
453:
447:
443:
435:
429:
423:
417:
412:
403:
394:
390:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
361:
328:Warao people
321:
318:Demographics
293:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
241:
220:creolization
208:Macro-Paezan
201:
189:
163:Warao people
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:
108:
5266:Quechumaran
5226:Bora–Witoto
5126:Far South (
5027:Uru–Chipaya
5003:Quechumaran
4888:Nambikwaran
4570:Bora–Witoto
4467:Ticuna–Yuri
3940:Germanosign
3844:Mura-PirahĂŁ
3725:Lule–Vilela
3701:Bora-Witoto
3676:Uru–Chipaya
3649:Ticuna–Yuri
3632:Peba–Yaguan
3617:Nambikwaran
3420:Uto-Aztecan
3356:Mesoamerica
3210:Uto-Aztecan
3199:Tsimshianic
3161:Palaihnihan
3031:Malak-Malak
2768:Papuan Gulf
2742:West Papuan
2647:Lower Sepik
2637:Lakes Plain
2540:Arai–Samaia
2528:the Pacific
2236:Afroasiatic
2111:Niger–Congo
2087:Afroasiatic
1020:, pp. 15-32
684:/ã,ẽ,ĩ,õ,ũ/
680:/a,É›,i,É”,u/
642:Approximant
342:), western
5443:Categories
5137:Qawasqaran
5071:Guaicuruan
5040:Mapudungun
4876:Chapacuran
4790:Peba–Yagua
4725:Cahuapanan
4642:YurumanguĂ
4226:Chiquitano
4199:Maxakalian
4107:(based on
3934:Francosign
3782:Chiquitano
3762:Alacalufan
3570:Guaicuruan
3543:Chapacuran
3526:Cahuapanan
3494:Araucanian
3397:Mixe–Zoque
3392:Misumalpan
3106:Comecrudan
2958:Nyulnyulan
2737:Upper Yuat
2714:Torricelli
2686:Senu River
2617:Foja Range
2523:New Guinea
2448:Burushaski
2309:Kartvelian
2284:Hmong–Mien
2100:Khoe–Kwadi
1982:Non-Native
1676:Indigenous
1538:Saramaccan
1251:Pedernales
1073:2018-03-20
907:2013-09-22
880:Ethnologue
862:References
690:Vocabulary
531:labialized
471:word order
264:nasĂ©i sĂmo
186:word order
5401:Languages
5370:Venezuela
5330:Argentina
5323:Countries
5314:Amazonian
4926:Mosetenan
4920:Canichana
4832:Katukinan
4827:Harákmbut
4778:Tequiraca
4649:Esmeralda
4636:Barbacoan
4592:Guajiboan
4531:Jirajaran
4486:Venezuela
4422:Otomacoan
4374:Yanomaman
4365:Venezuela
4301:PankararĂş
4219:Rikbaktsá
3965:Tanzanian
3906:languages
3803:HodĂŻ/Joti
3747:Isolates
3686:Yanomaman
3622:Otomákoan
3586:Jirajaran
3575:Guajiboan
3537:Catacaoan
3516:Barbacoan
3445:Cuitlatec
3414:Totonacan
3373:Jicaquean
3252:Chimariko
3148:Muskogean
3130:Kalapuyan
3124:Iroquoian
3099:Chumashan
3092:Chinookan
3085:Chimakuan
3003:Yangmanic
2998:Worrorran
2981:Wagaydyic
2871:Australia
2720:Trans-Fly
2386:Yeniseian
2373:Tyrsenian
2267:Dravidian
1984:languages
1949:Nheengatu
1876:Jirajaran
1714:Paraujano
1709:Mandawaca
1678:languages
1665:Maracucho
1389:Wapishana
1231:144134134
570:Fricative
485:Phonology
448:Guaiqueri
404:Guaiqueri
384:TibitĂbis
380:Tiuitiuas
372:Veriotaus
368:Chaguanes
358:Varieties
324:Venezuela
286:as well.
171:Venezuela
110:Glottolog
94:ISO 639-3
45:Ethnicity
31:Venezuela
5380:Suriname
5360:Paraguay
5345:Colombia
5107:Huarpean
5102:Charruan
5097:Zamucoan
5092:Mascoyan
5066:Matacoan
5008:Quechuan
4932:Yuracaré
4899:Cayubaba
4893:Bororoan
4848:MatanawĂ
4795:Zaparoan
4764:Taushiro
4736:Candoshi
4730:Jivaroan
4625:Chibchan
4615:Colombia
4580:Witotoan
4563:Tucanoan
4545:Colombia
4526:Timotean
4521:Tiniguan
4482:Colombia
4308:TarairiĂş
4287:Katembri
4255:Karirian
4194:Krenakan
4179:Jabutian
4166:Macro-JĂŞ
4128:Arawakan
3998:See also
3975:Isolates
3950:Japanese
3890:Yuracaré
3772:Candoshi
3731:Macro-JĂŞ
3696:Zaparoan
3691:Zamucoan
3681:Witotoan
3664:Tucanoan
3659:Tiniguan
3654:Timotean
3638:Quechuan
3607:Matacoan
3602:Mascoian
3592:Jivaroan
3555:Chibchan
3549:Charruan
3500:Arawakan
3437:Isolates
3368:Chibchan
3244:Isolates
3216:Wakashan
3177:Salishan
3119:Eskaleut
3025:Giimbiyu
3017:Isolates
2926:Jarrakan
2921:Iwaidjan
2778:Isolates
2632:Kutubuan
2500:Sumerian
2436:Isolates
2391:Yukaghir
2360:Tungusic
2326:Mongolic
2314:Koreanic
2273:Eskaleut
2164:Isolates
2148:Ubangian
1904:Timotean
1894:Jirajara
1853:Guahiban
1830:Chibchan
1815:Ye'kuana
1810:Tamanaku
1775:Japreria
1724:Warekena
1704:Caquetio
1686:Arawakan
1574:Mawayana
1528:Javanese
1374:Patamona
1369:Mapidian
1118:(1968).
983:(1997).
928:Remezcla
853:ubanoko
711:Mariusa
695:Loukotka
503:Alveolar
376:Farautes
348:Suriname
336:Trinidad
212:suffixes
179:Suriname
151:Guarauno
117:wara1303
39:Suriname
5355:Ecuador
5335:Bolivia
5286:Amerind
5084:Payaguá
5053:–Pampas
5021:Puquina
5013:Aymaran
4984:Andes (
4967:Irantxe
4906:Itonama
4771:Urarina
4757:Waorani
4750:Munichi
4743:Omurano
4687:Mochica
4676:Chimuan
4631:Chocoan
4603:Puinave
4597:Nadahup
4510:AndaquĂ
4480:Andes (
4448:Sáliban
4386:Arutani
4361:Orinoco
4148:Cariban
4048:italics
4025:Pidgins
4010:Creoles
3960:Swedish
3928:Chinese
3875:Urarina
3860:Puinave
3814:Itonama
3808:Irantxe
3777:Chimane
3707:Chimuan
3612:Nadahup
3531:Cariban
3511:Aymaran
3472:America
3314:Waikuri
3307:Tonkawa
3300:Timucua
3293:Takelma
3286:Siuslaw
3275:Kutenai
3259:Esselen
3222:Wintuan
3183:Shastan
3154:Na-Dene
3142:Maiduan
3079:Caddoan
3053:America
3007:Wagiman
3005:(incl.
2976:Tangkic
2916:Garawan
2889:Bunuban
2850:Tambora
2817:Maybrat
2785:Abinomn
2708:Teberan
2669:Pauwasi
2659:Mairasi
2627:Kiwaian
2507:Tambora
2493:Shompen
2475:Kusunda
2468:Kenaboi
2454:Elamite
2426:Siangic
2408:Kho-Bwa
2402:Hrusish
2320:Kra–Dai
2304:Japonic
2213:Eurasia
2188:Sandawe
2171:Bangime
2136:Songhay
2003:Italian
1912:MucuchĂ
1866:Guahibo
1805:Sikiana
1785:Macushi
1762:Cariban
1747:Arutani
1719:Piapoco
1660:Llanero
1655:Spanish
1579:Sikiana
1523:English
1518:Chinese
1364:Macushi
1354:Atorada
1344:Akawaio
1328:English
1002:16 July
934:16 July
901:"Warao"
836:jaguar
825:manioc
820:xokoxi
755:naxoto
744:dixamo
741:dianamu
733:manamo
722:xisaka
539:Plosive
518:Glottal
508:Palatal
465:Grammar
459:Mariusa
454:Chaguan
444:Waikeri
430:Mariusa
424:Chaguan
418:Guanoco
399:Cayenne
391:Aricari
378:), and
364:Siawani
300:Arutani
296:Cariban
248:Guajiro
5375:Guyana
5340:Brazil
5143:Yaghan
5117:Chonan
5077:GuachĂ
4946:AikanĂŁ
4913:Movima
4857:Trumai
4822:Arawan
4807:Amazon
4700:Amazon
4553:Vaupés
4549:Japurá
4541:Amazon
4516:Paezan
4428:Yaruro
4336:XukurĂş
4280:Baenan
4273:Gamela
4266:Taruma
4260:PurĂan
4189:Karajá
4184:KamakĂŁ
4155:Tupian
3923:BANZSL
3885:Yamana
3870:Trumai
3839:Movima
3793:FulniĂ´
3756:AikanĂŁ
3670:Tupian
3565:Chonan
3489:Arauan
3427:Xincan
3379:Lencan
3332:Yokuts
3229:Yukian
3194:Tanoan
3189:Siouan
3172:Pomoan
3113:Coosan
2939:Mirndi
2832:Porome
2827:Pawaia
2681:Senagi
2653:Madang
2602:Eleman
2557:Border
2488:Nihali
2481:Minoan
2461:Hattic
2443:Basque
2414:Mijiic
2396:Digaro
2380:Uralic
2366:Turkic
2217:Europe
2074:Africa
2008:Romani
1991:German
1969:Yaruro
1959:Sanumá
1943:Jukude
1917:Timote
1884:Ayoman
1795:Panare
1780:KapĂłng
1699:Baniwa
1694:Arawak
1599:Wayana
1589:Waiwai
1564:Arawak
1559:Akurio
1533:Kwinti
1384:Waiwai
1349:Arawak
1229:
1165:Lingua
1095:
993:
960:
850:xanĂłko
847:house
809:xeunu
806:hekono
792:water
785:nibora
771:tooth
738:three
730:manámo
498:Labial
352:UNESCO
344:Guyana
306:, and
244:Waroid
175:Guyana
159:Warrau
155:Guarao
80:Waroid
35:Guyana
5394:Lists
5350:Chile
5304:Chaco
5150:Chono
5128:Chile
5051:Chaco
5033:Kunza
4996:Culle
4974:Arara
4960:Kwazá
4953:KanoĂŞ
4842:Muran
4575:Boran
4555:area)
4503:Camsá
4496:Cofán
4454:Betoi
4416:Guamo
4409:Warao
4322:Wamoé
4234:GuatĂł
4212:Ofayé
4205:JaikĂł
3880:Warao
3849:Nukak
3820:Kunza
3798:GuatĂł
3787:Cofán
3767:Camsá
3560:Choco
3521:Boran
3470:South
3451:Huave
3386:Mayan
3337:Yuchi
3320:Washo
3270:Karuk
3265:Haida
3204:Utian
3136:Keres
3073:Alsea
3066:Algic
3051:North
2843:Taiap
2837:Sulka
2692:Sepik
2607:Engan
2348:Ongan
2331:Nivkh
2199:Shabo
2182:Jalaa
2176:Hadza
2130:Mande
1964:Warao
1954:Ninam
1933:Betoi
1926:Other
1889:Gayon
1861:Cuiba
1820:Yukpa
1800:Pemon
1770:Carib
1729:Wayuu
1594:Warao
1569:Carib
1508:Aukan
1492:Dutch
1394:Warao
1379:Pemon
1359:Carib
1227:S2CID
875:Warao
842:tobe
803:fire
749:head
719:isaka
708:Uarao
705:gloss
595:Nasal
525:plain
513:Velar
437:Mason
406:from
397:from
395:Pirao
260:nozay
256:nuçay
252:Taino
147:Warao
130:Warao
49:Warao
22:Warao
5365:Peru
5171:Duho
4986:Peru
4939:Leco
4882:Mure
4704:Peru
4661:Peru
4484:and
4461:HodĂŻ
4440:Duho
4400:Máku
4393:Sapé
4343:Yaté
4329:XokĂł
4315:Tuxá
4294:NatĂş
4055:bold
3982:See
3918:Arab
3904:Sign
3855:Páez
3832:Maku
3826:Leco
3342:Zuni
3326:Yana
3280:Seri
3037:Tiwi
2857:Wiru
2822:Mpur
2812:Kuot
2795:AnĂŞm
2790:Abun
2757:Yuat
2752:Yawa
2698:Skou
2675:Ramu
2526:and
2420:Miju
2242:Ainu
2222:Asia
2220:and
2193:Laal
2154:Kadu
2142:Ijaw
2105:Kx'a
1938:HodĂŻ
1838:BarĂ
1752:Sapé
1584:TriĂł
1093:ISBN
1004:2021
991:ISBN
958:ISBN
936:2021
839:tobe
831:aru
814:sun
782:man
763:kamu
760:eye
752:akua
727:two
716:one
393:and
346:and
308:Sape
304:Máku
272:duhu
268:duho
177:and
165:. A
4350:OtĂ
4101:of
2807:Kol
2801:Ata
2747:Yam
2612:Fas
2125:Tuu
1843:Uwa
1219:doi
1173:doi
877:at
828:aru
798:xo
774:kai
766:mu
669:/p/
620:Tap
370:),
258:or
125:ELP
101:wba
78:or
5445::
5059:?
5001:?
4815:?
4783:?
4674:?
4568:?
4547:,
4438:?
4378:?
4231:?
4174:JĂŞ
3009:)?
1225:.
1215:32
1213:.
1169:66
1167:.
1148:,
1107:^
1066:.
1049:,
972:^
925:.
817:yá
795:ho
777:i
561:kĘ·
354:.
302:,
298:,
173:,
157:,
153:,
37:,
33:,
5130:)
4706:)
4702:(
4663:)
4551:–
4543:(
4488:)
4367:)
4363:(
4091:e
4084:t
4077:v
4057:.
3967:?
3851:?
3810:?
3789:?
3758:?
3739:?
3733:?
3727:?
3721:?
3715:?
3709:?
3703:?
2972:?
2935:?
2898:?
2885:?
2852:?
2845:?
2839:?
2803:?
2797:?
2770:?
2764:?
2509:?
2495:?
2483:?
2470:?
2428:?
2422:?
2416:?
2410:?
2404:?
2398:?
2224:)
2215:(
2201:?
2195:?
2156:?
2150:?
2144:?
2138:?
2132:?
2121:?
2058:e
2051:t
2044:v
1633:e
1626:t
1619:v
1470:e
1463:t
1456:v
1306:e
1299:t
1292:v
1253:.
1233:.
1221::
1179:.
1175::
1101:.
1076:.
1006:.
966:.
938:.
910:.
673:Éş
658:w
651:j
627:Éş
605:n
600:m
588:h
577:s
556:k
549:t
544:p
450:)
446:(
382:(
374:(
366:(
338:(
254:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.