Venezuela - Knowledge

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can sign in and review a scanned tally sheet from their voting station showing how many votes went to each candidate. ... 'I found mine, the proof is there,' said Celina Ramirez, an opposition supporter who said she was able to log into the website to locate the tally sheet from her east Caracas voting center, which she said showed González receiving the lion's share of votes. 'There's no way the regime can fool everyone with their tricks,' she added ... The Carter Center, one of the few international organizations invited to monitor the elections, has urged Venezuela's government to release comprehensive polling data at the local level, which is needed to assess the electoral process. ...The opposition hopes the release of the database will increase pressure on Maduro's autocratic regime to make public the detailed results of the election.

7132: 7108: 5269: 2635: 3442: 5586: 2899:) climates, amongst others. In the tropical zone—below 800 m (2,625 ft)—temperatures are hot, with yearly averages ranging between 26 and 28 °C (78.8 and 82.4 °F). The temperate zone ranges between 800 and 2,000 m (2,625 and 6,562 ft) with averages from 12 to 25 °C (53.6 to 77.0 °F); many of Venezuela's cities, including the capital, lie in this region. Colder conditions with temperatures from 9 to 11 °C (48.2 to 51.8 °F) are found in the cool zone between 2,000 and 3,000 m (6,562 and 9,843 ft), especially in the Venezuelan Andes, where pastureland and permanent snowfield with yearly averages below 8 °C (46 °F) cover land above 3,000 meters (9,843 ft) in the 6495: 6073: 6448: 3878: 2884:) with an average yearly temperature of 8 °C (46.4 °F). Annual rainfall varies from 430 mm (16.9 in) in the semiarid portions of the northwest to over 1,000 mm (39.4 in) in the Orinoco Delta of the far east and the Amazonian Jungle in the south. The precipitation level is lower in the period from August through April. These periods are referred to as hot-humid and cold-dry seasons. Another characteristic of the climate is this variation throughout the country by the existence of a mountain range called "Cordillera de la Costa" which crosses the country from east to west. The majority of the population lives in these mountains. 7154: 22384: 4891: 6480: 3646: 3292: 6463: 4881: 5482: 22110: 6037: 4755: 5494: 2568: 5922:, eight goals that Venezuela and 188 other nations agreed to in September 2000. The sustainability of the Bolivarian Missions has been questioned due to the Bolivarian state's overspending on public works and because the Chávez government did not save funds for future economic hardships, with economic issues and poverty rising as a result of their policies in the 2010s. In 2003 the government of Hugo Chávez implemented currency controls after capital flight led to a devaluation of the currency. This led to the development of a parallel market of dollars in the subsequent years. The 2462: 3525: 7554: 7180: 1447: 5340: 21512: 5565: 4318: 3907: 4934: 4944: 178: 5311:

Maduro effectively controls all three branches of government. On 14 May 2016, constitutional guarantees were in fact suspended when Maduro decreed the extension of the economic emergency decree for another 60 days and declared a State of Emergency, which is a clear violation of the Constitution of Venezuela in the Article 338th: "The approval of the extension of States of emergency corresponds to the National Assembly." Thus, constitutional rights in Venezuela are considered suspended in fact by many publications and public figures.

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200,000 people murdered. By 2015, it had risen to 90 per 100,000. The capital Caracas has one of the greatest homicide rates of any large city in the world, with 122 homicides per 100,000 residents. In 2008, polls indicated that crime was the number one concern of voters. Attempts at fighting crime such as Operation Liberation of the People were implemented to crack down on gang-controlled areas but, of reported criminal acts, less than 2% are prosecuted. In 2017, the

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Venezuela received millions of immigrants from Ecuador, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic. Due to the belief that this immigration influx depressed wages, some Venezuelans opposed European immigration. The Venezuelan government, however, were actively recruiting immigrants from Eastern Europe to fill a need for engineers. Millions of Colombians, as well as Middle Eastern and Haitian populations would continue immigrating to Venezuela into the early 21st century.

835: 4699: 4679: 4527: 4395: 2888: 22437: 21897: 20554: 4775: 4489: 3340: 2714: 7576: 6117: 2406:. In the subsequent decade, the government was forced into currency devaluations. These devaluations did not improve the situation of the people who rely on imported products or locally produced products that depend on imported inputs, while dollar-denominated oil sales account for the majority of exports. The profits of the oil industry have been lost to "social engineering" and corruption, instead of investments needed to maintain oil production. 3790:. The term of office is six years, and (as of 15 February 2009) a president may be re-elected an unlimited number of times. The president appoints the vice president and decides the size and composition of the cabinet and makes appointments to it with the involvement of the legislature. The president can ask the legislature to reconsider portions of laws he finds objectionable, but a simple parliamentary majority can override these objections. 3246: 22447: 5833: 5900: 3078: 20595: 1427: 860: 812: 793: 760: 741: 2814: 1923: 3508:, where the interplay of repeated glacier advances and retreats sculpted the landscape, shaped by the cold, high-altitude climate. This glacial heritage has left a lasting imprint, with glaciers carving deep valleys and polishing rugged peaks, while sheltered intramontane valleys offer fertile soils and temperate microclimates, creating ideal conditions for agriculture and human settlement. 3812:("National Assembly"). The number of members is variable – each state and the Capital district elect three representatives plus the result of dividing the state population by 1.1% of the total population of the country. Three seats are reserved for representatives of Venezuela's Indigenous peoples. For the 2011–2016 period the number of seats is 165. All deputies serve five-year terms. 3854:) is in charge of electoral processes; it is formed by five main directors elected by the National Assembly. Supreme Court president Luisa Estela Morales said in December 2009 that Venezuela had moved away from "a rigid division of powers" toward a system characterized by "intense coordination" between the branches of government. Morales clarified that each power must be independent. 3173: 7012: 5931: 5821:

called the repatriation of gold a "sovereign" step that will help protect the country's foreign reserves from the turmoil in the U.S. and Europe. However government policies quickly spent down this returned gold and in 2013 the government was forced to add the dollar reserves of state owned companies to those of the national bank to reassure the international bond market.

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political agenda, that were excluded from public deliberation by the main actors of the democratic system. The most discussed topics were incorporated into the public agenda: decentralization, political participation, municipalization, judicial order reforms and the role of the state in a new economic strategy. The social reality made the changes difficult to apply.

3471:. This region offers two distinct plains—the northern one is relatively dry, while the southern one is humid and dotted with swamps. The relief here is primarily characterized by flat terrain, with the exception of some elevated areas near the lake. Lake Maracaibo itself sits in a depression, surrounded by oil-rich lands and productive agricultural areas. 8727:. Accessed 17 November 2014. "Economic growth and the redistribution of resources associated with these missions have led to an important decline in moderate poverty, from 50% in 1998 to about 30% in 2012. Likewise, inequality has decreased, reducing the Gini Index from 0.49 in 1998 to 0.39 in 2012, which is among the lowest in the region." 2863:. In 1895, after years of diplomatic attempts to solve the border dispute, the dispute over the Essequibo River border flared up. It was submitted to a "neutral" commission (composed of British, American, and Russian representatives and without a direct Venezuelan representative), which in 1899 decided mostly against Venezuela's claim. 2058: 2141: 3133:, are endemic. Although the available information is still very small, a first effort has been made to estimate the number of fungal species endemic to Venezuela: 1334 species of fungi have been tentatively identified as possibly endemic. Some 38% of the over 21,000 plant species known from Venezuela are unique to the country. 15691: 5767:“The formerly rich petro-state has seen GDP fall by 80 percent in less than a decade, driving some seven million of its citizens to flee. Most Venezuelans live on just a few dollars a month, with the health care and education systems in total disrepair and biting shortages of electricity and fuel” as of 2024, according to 1254:. Previously, the country was an underdeveloped exporter of agricultural commodities such as coffee and cocoa, but oil quickly came to dominate exports and government revenues. The excesses and poor policies of the incumbent government led to the collapse of Venezuela's entire economy. The country struggles with record 8416: 1505:. The Timoto–Cuica culture was the most complex society in Pre-Columbian Venezuela, with pre-planned permanent villages, surrounded by irrigated, terraced fields. Their houses were made of stone and wood with thatched roofs. They were peaceful and depended on growing crops. Regional crops included potatoes and 12377:

The Venezuelan opposition has moved to show concrete evidence that the election was stolen. ... The opposition said it had collected data from 73% of the country's voting stations on its own and compiled it in a publicly accessible database on Tuesday. Using their national identification, Venezuelans

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and vaults lined by stones, called mintoyes, which were used as tombs and silos for the storage of agricultural products. The Indo-Hispanic architecture is the one that begins to develop from the year 1498 AD. Venezuelan colonial architecture is built from the 16th century, when Venezuela began to be

6136:(opening) in which it invited in foreign investment. Under Hugo Chávez a 2001 law placed limits on foreign investment. PDVSA played a key role in the December 2002 – February 2003 national strike. As a result of the strike, around 40% of the company's workforce (around 18,000 workers) were dismissed. 4003:

The country maintains a claim on the territory it calls "Guayana Esequiba", the territory administered by Guyana west of the Esequibo River. In 1966 the British and Venezuelan governments signed the Geneva Agreement to resolve the conflict peacefully. The Port of Spain Protocol of 1970 set a deadline

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The Orinoco Delta's relief is characterized by a complex system of lands and waters. It consists of numerous channels, islands, and shifting sedimentary deposits. While the relief may appear relatively uniform, it conceals a dynamic environment influenced by seasonal flooding and sediment deposition.

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Los Llanos, or "the plains", are expansive sedimentary basins characterized by predominantly flat relief. However, the eastern Llanos feature low-plateaus and the Unare depression, created through mesa erosion, adding diversity to the terrain. This region is subject to seasonal flooding, transforming

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Also known as the Cordillera de la Costa, stretches along Venezuela's northern coast. This region is known for its lush tropical rainforests, stunning coastal views, and a rich variety of flora and fauna. The intermountain depressions, or valleys, between the mountain ranges are often home to fertile

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by president Rafael Caldera (1994–1999, his second term), with a clean slate and his political rights reinstated, allowing Chávez to win and maintain the presidency continuously from 1999 until his death in 2013. Chávez won the elections of 1998, 2000, 2006 and 2012 and the presidential referendum of

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In the 1980s, the Presidential Commission for State Reform (COPRE) emerged as a mechanism of political innovation. Venezuela decentralized its political system and diversified its economy, reducing the size of the state. COPRE operated as an innovation mechanism, also by incorporating issues into the

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Great signs are these of the Terrestrial Paradise... for I have never read or heard of such a large quantity of fresh water being inside and in such close proximity to salt water; the very mild temperateness also corroborates this; and if the water of which I speak does not proceed from Paradise then

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The origins of baseball in Venezuela are unclear, although it is known that the sport was being played in the country by the late 19th century. In the early 20th century, North American immigrants who came to Venezuela to work in the nation's oil industry helped to popularize the sport in Venezuela.

6989:. It is believed that nearly 12% of Venezuelans live abroad, with Ireland becoming a popular destination for students. According to Claudio Bifano, president of the Venezuelan Academy of Physical, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, more than half of all medical graduates had left Venezuela in 2013. 6558:

living in Venezuela. The Constitution recognizes the multi-ethnic, pluri-cultural, and multilingual character of the country and includes a chapter devoted to Indigenous peoples' rights, which opened up spaces for their political inclusion at national and local level in 1999. Most Indigenous peoples

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had a significant cultural impact on the cuisine and customs of Venezuela. These influences on Venezuela have led to the nation being called the 8th island of the Canaries. With the start of oil exploitation in the early 20th century, companies from the United States began establishing operations in

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Shortages occur in regulated products, such as milk, various types of meat, coffee, rice, oil, flour, butter, and other goods including basic necessities like toilet paper, personal hygiene products, and even medicine. As a result of the shortages, Venezuelans must search for food, wait in lines for

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In early 2013, Venezuela devalued its currency due to growing shortages in the country. The shortages included, and still include, necessities such as toilet paper, milk, and flour. Fears rose so high due to the toilet paper shortage that the government occupied a toilet paper factory, and continued

5892:. Previously an underdeveloped exporter of agricultural commodities, oil quickly came to dominate exports and government revenues. The 1980s oil glut led to an external debt crisis and a long-running economic crisis, which saw inflation peak at 100% in 1996. The 1990s also saw Venezuela experience a 5536:

of the FANB. Its main purposes are to defend the sovereign national territory of Venezuela, airspace, and islands, fight against drug trafficking, search and rescue and, in the case of a natural disaster, civil protection. All male citizens of Venezuela have a constitutional duty to register for the

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The size of this basin - similar to that of the Danube - makes it the third largest in South America, and it gives rise to a flow of some 33,000 m/s, making the Orinoco the third largest in the world, and also one of the most valuable from the point of view of renewable natural resources. The Rio or

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For the fungi, an account was provided by R.W.G. Dennis which has been digitized and the records made available on-line as part of the Cybertruffle Robigalia database. That database includes nearly 3,900 species of fungi recorded from Venezuela, but is far from complete, and the true total number of

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In January 2016, Maduro decreed an "economic emergency", revealing the extent of the crisis and expanding his powers. In July 2016, Colombian border crossings were temporarily opened to allow Venezuelans to purchase food and basic health items. In September 2016, a study indicated 15% of Venezuelans

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ruled Maduro was the legitimate president. Opposition leaders and some international media consider Maduro's government a dictatorship. Since February 2014, hundreds of thousands have protested over high levels of criminal violence, corruption, hyperinflation, and chronic scarcity of basic goods due

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in Lake Maracaibo during World War I proved pivotal for Venezuela and transformed its economy from a heavy dependence on agricultural exports. It prompted a boom that lasted into the 1980s; by 1935, Venezuela's per capita gross domestic product was Latin America's highest. Gómez benefited handsomely

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have increasingly criticized Venezuela's human rights record, with the former organization noting in 2017 that the Chavez and subsequently the Maduro government have increasingly concentrated power in the executive branch, eroded constitutional human rights protections and allowed the government to

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The Andean valleys, essentially agricultural, precociously populated but nowadays in loss of speed, do not confront the same problems of space occupation as the strongly urbanized and industrialized valleys of the central section of the Cordillera de la Costa. On the other hand, the unpopulated and

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In the early 21st century, a movement known as "Movida Acústica Urbana" featured musicians trying to save some national traditions, creating their own original songs but using traditional instruments. Some groups following this movement are Tambor Urbano, Los Sinverguenzas, C4Trío, and Orozco Jam.

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were held on 6 December 2015 to elect the 164 deputies and three Indigenous representatives of the National Assembly. In 2014, a series of protest and demonstrations began in Venezuela, attributed to inflation, violence and shortages in Venezuela. The protests were largely peaceful. The government

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adopted a broad interpretation of the doctrine that declared an American interest in any matter within the hemisphere. Britain ultimately accepted arbitration, but in negotiations over its terms was able to persuade the U.S. on many details. A tribunal convened in Paris in 1898 to decide the issue

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Venezuela has the largest oil reserves, and the eighth largest natural gas reserves in the world. Compared to the preceding year another 40.4% in crude oil reserves were proven in 2010, allowing Venezuela to surpass Saudi Arabia as the country with the largest reserves of this type. The country's

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in the Venezuelan territory, not because of their spatial extension, but because they are the environment where most of the country's population and economic activities are concentrated. On the other hand, there are valleys throughout almost all the national space, except in the great sedimentary

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In Venezuela, a person is murdered every 21 minutes. Violent crimes have been so prevalent in Venezuela that the government no longer produces the crime data. In 2013, the homicide rate was approximately 79 per 100,000, one of the world's highest, having quadrupled in the past 15 years with over

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Finally, it is important to realize that the reductions in poverty and inequality during the Chávez years were real, but somewhat superficial. While indicators of income and consumption showed clear progress, the harder-to-change characteristics of structural poverty and inequality, such as the

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In the first half of the 20th century, U.S. oil companies were heavily involved in Venezuela, initially interested only in purchasing concessions. In 1943 a new government introduced a 50/50 split in profits between the government and the oil industry. In 1960, with a newly installed democratic

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As of 2011, more than 60% of Venezuela's international reserves was in gold, eight times more than the average for the region. Most of Venezuela's gold held abroad was located in London. On 25 November 2011, the first of US$ 11 billion of repatriated gold bullion arrived in Caracas; Chávez

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Throughout most of the 20th century, Venezuela maintained friendly relations with most Latin American and Western nations. Relations between Venezuela and the United States government worsened in 2002, after the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt during which the U.S. government recognized the

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On 16 January 2016, Maduro approved an unconstitutional economic emergency decree, relegating to his own figure the legislative and executive powers, while also holding judiciary power through the fraudulent designation of judges the day after the election on 6 December 2015. From these events,

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described the function of the Supreme Court in Venezuela as "rubber stamping executive whims and vetoing legislation". The PSUV government used this violation to suspend several elected opponents. Maduro said that "the Amnesty law (approved by the Parliament) will not be executed" and asked the

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Venezuela is one of the 10 most biodiverse countries on the planet, yet it is one of the leaders of deforestation due to economic and political factors. Each year, roughly 287,600 hectares of forest are permanently destroyed, and other areas are degraded by mining, oil extraction, and logging.

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in Venezuela was abolished in 1854. Much of Venezuela's 19th-century history was characterized by political turmoil and dictatorial rule, including the Independence leader José Antonio Páez, who gained the presidency three times and served 11 years between 1830 and 1863. This culminated in the

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Así mismo, se tomó el porcentaje de población por entidad donde el estado Zulia es la entidad con más indígenas con un 61%, seguido del estado Amazonas con 10%, Bolívar con un 8%, Delta Amacuro con 6%, Anzoátegui 5%, Sucre 3%, Apure y Monagas 2% mientras que en otras entidades existe un 3% de

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Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north, especially in the capital Caracas, which is also the largest city. About 93% of the population lives in urban areas in northern Venezuela; 73% live less than 100

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is made up of a set of islands and keys that constitute one of the main tourist attractions in the country. With exotic crystalline beaches, Morrocoy is a national park, formed by small keys very close to the mainland, which have grown rapidly as one of the greatest tourist attractions in the

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defeat but attributed the opposition's victory to an intensification of an economic war. Despite this, Maduro said, "I will stop by hook or by crook the opposition coming to power, whatever the costs, in any way". In the following months, Maduro fulfilled his promise of preventing the elected

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Situated in northwestern Venezuela, the Lara-Falcón Highlands exhibit a terrain defined by plateaus and rolling hills. These highlands provide a significant contrast to the surrounding lowlands and coastal areas. The relief is characterized by gently sloping plateaus that support agriculture,

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as president. Other countries continued to recognize Maduro, although China, facing financial pressure over its position, began hedging by decreasing loans, cancelling joint ventures, and signaling willingness to work with all parties. In August 2019, Trump imposed an economic embargo against

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temples from the colonial era were constituted by an almost invariable, arrangement consisting of a rectangular plan, three naves separated by arches of alfarje roofing composed of religious architecture in colonial times. The Venezuelan society dedicated a great amount of resources to erect

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and lenient immigration policies. During the 20th century, Venezuela, along with the rest of Latin America, received millions of immigrants from Europe. This was especially true post-World War II, as a consequence of war-ridden Europe. During the 1970s, while experiencing an oil-export boom,

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The Africans brought in many musical influences, especially introduction of the drum. The Spanish influence predominantes due to the colonization process and the socioeconomic structure it created. Spanish influences can be seen in the country's architecture, music, religion, and language.

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to only Monday and Tuesday. A multi-university study found that, in 2016 alone, about 75% of Venezuelans lost weight due to hunger, with the average losing about 8.6 kg (19 lbs) due to the lack of food. In March 2017, Venezuela began having shortages of gasoline in some regions.

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soared; oil industries were nationalized in 1976. This led to massive increases in public spending, but also increases in external debts, until the collapse of oil prices during the 1980s crippled the economy. As the government started to devalue the currency in 1983 to face its financial

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plans to nationalize other industrial aspects like food distribution. Venezuela's bond ratings have also decreased multiple times in 2013 due to decisions by the president Nicolás Maduro. In 2016, consumer prices in Venezuela increased 800% and the economy declined by 18.6%, entering an

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extends over 30,000 km to the border with Guyana and Brazil; due to its size it is considered the sixth largest national park in the world. Its steep cliffs and waterfalls (including Angel Falls, which is the highest waterfall in the world, at 1,002 m) form spectacular landscapes.

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An alliance of 14 Latin American nations and Canada, known as the Lima Group, released a statement Monday calling the vote illegitimate... The alliance includes Argentina, Mexico, Canada, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Panama, Paraguay, St. Lucia, Guyana, Peru, Honduras, Guatemala and Costa

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led to a renewed economic downturn. Despite controversial data shared by the Venezuelan government showing that the country had halved malnutrition following one of the UN's Millennium Development Goals, shortages of staple goods began to occur in Venezuela and malnutrition began to

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NOTE: Pass the cursor over the subrayed record to see the source of this. "This location is probably uninhabited, but is close to the town of San Isidro de Apartaderos. −11 °C (12 °F) has been reported from an uninhabited high altitude at Páramo de Piedras Blancas, Mérida

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The presidential election that took place in April 2013, was the first since Chávez took office in 1999 in which his name did not appear on the ballot. Under the Bolivarian government, Venezuela went from being one of the richest countries in Latin America to one of the poorest.

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of school, with 58% of students quitting nationwide while areas near bordering countries saw more than 80% of their students leave. Nationwide, about 93% of schools do not meet the minimum requirements to operate and 77% do not have utilities such as food, water or electricity.

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is one of the main tourist centers of Venezuela. It has an extensive network of hotels not only in its capital city, but also throughout the state. Starting from the same city of Mérida is the longest and highest cable car in the world, which reaches the Pico Espejo of 4,765 m.

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Shaped roughly like a triangle, the country has a 2,800 km (1,700 mi) coastline in the north, which includes numerous islands in the Caribbean and the northeast borders the northern Atlantic Ocean. Most observers describe Venezuela in terms of four fairly well defined

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milk and other necessities. This led to an increase in malnutrition, especially among children. The economy had become dependent on the exportation of oil, with crude accounting for 86% of exports, and a high price per barrel to support social programs. Beginning in 2014 the

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Según los datos estadísticos publicados por el INE, el total de población que se declaró indígena por sexo, arrojó un resultado de 50,46% hombre y 49,54% mujeres representando 365.920 hombres y 359.208 mujeres para un total de 725.148 personas que se declararon indígenas de

8404: 7131: 7077:. Venezuela did not offer then to the colonizers the immense riches kept by nature for later times. The simplification of technical problems, the renunciation of most of the decorative elements and variegated ostentations of fanciful baroque, the impossibility of using 3229:

On the Atlantic side it drains most of Venezuela's river waters. The largest basin in this area is the extensive Orinoco basin whose surface area, close to one million km, is greater than that of the whole of Venezuela, although it has a presence of 65% in the country.

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was elected and stripped the National Assembly of its powers. The election raised concerns of an emerging dictatorship. In December 2017, Maduro declared opposition parties barred from the following year's presidential vote after they boycotted mayoral polls.

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Between 1990 and 2005, Venezuela officially lost 8.3% of its forest cover, which is about 4.3 million ha. In response, federal protections for critical habitat were implemented; for example, 20% to 33% of forested land is protected. Venezuela had a 2019

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Venezuela was also enriched by immigration streams of Indian and European origin in the 19th century, especially from France. Most recently, immigration from the United States, Spain, Italy, and Portugal has enriched the already complex cultural mosaic.

6132:(PDVSA) taking over and presiding over a number of holding companies; in subsequent years, Venezuela built a vast refining and marketing system in the U.S. and Europe. In the 1990s PDVSA became more independent from the government and presided over an 5715:

has ranked Venezuela as one of the most corrupt countries since the survey started in 1995. The 2010 ranking placed Venezuela at number 164, out of 178 ranked countries in government transparency. By 2016, the rank had increased to 166 out of 178. The

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In 2008, 95.2% of the adult population was literate. The net primary school enrollment rate was at 91% and the net secondary school enrollment rate was at 63% in 2005. Venezuela has a number of universities, of which the most prestigious are the

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dominated by the petroleum sector, which accounts for roughly a third of GDP, around 80% of exports, and more than half of government revenues. Per capita GDP for 2016 was estimated to be US$ 15,100, ranking 109th in the world. Venezuela has the

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English is the most widely used foreign language in demand and is spoken by many professionals, academics, and members of the upper and middle classes as a result of the oil exploration by foreign companies, in addition to its acceptance as a

5950:. Venezuela's outlook was deemed negative by most bond-rating services in 2017. For 2018 an inflation rate of 1,000,000 percent was projected, putting Venezuela in a similar situation to that in Germany in 1923 or Zimbabwe in the late 2000s. 2389:

following popular demonstrations by his opponents, but Chavez returned after two days as a result of demonstrations by poor Chávez supporters and actions by the military. Chávez remained in power after an all-out national strike that lasted

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type. Much more frequent, the former largely dominate the latter, which are restricted to the highest parts of the Andes. Moreover, most glacial valleys are relics of a past geologic epoch, which culminated some 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.

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Venezuela is entirely located in the tropics over the Equator to around 12° N. Its climate varies from humid low-elevation plains, where average annual temperatures range as high as 35 °C (95.0 °F), to glaciers and highlands (the

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and drains into the Maracaibo Lake basin. Among the rivers that reach the Maracaibo lake basin are the Chama, the Escalante, the Catatumbo, and the contributions of the smaller basins of the Tocuyo, Yaracuy, Neverí and Manzanares rivers.

17325: 10559: 7107: 12145: 2088:, was relaxed. Angarita granted a range of reforms, including the legalization of all political parties. After World War II, immigration from Southern Europe and poorer Latin American countries markedly diversified Venezuelan society. 20152:

Salas, Miguel Tinker (2 August 2004). "Culture, Power, and Oil: The Experience of Venezuelan Oil Camps and the Construction of Citizenship". In Gilbert G. Gonzalez; Raul A. Fernandez; Vivian Price; David Smith; Linda Trinh Võ (eds.).

6197:, which has no active rail connections to other countries. The government of Hugo Chávez tried to invest in expanding it, but Venezuela's rail project is on hold due to Venezuela not being able to pay the $ 7.5 billion and owing 15725:, p. 17. "From 1917, greater awareness of the country's oil potential had the pernicious effect of increasing the corruption and intrigue amongst Gomez's family and entourage, the consequences of which would be felt up to 1935." 9907: 5731:

and other drugs transiting Venezuela towards the United States and Europe. In the period 2003–2008 Venezuelan authorities seized the fifth-largest total quantity of cocaine in the world, behind Colombia, the United States, Spain and

20407: 12257:[Report of the Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation (DECO) of the Secretariat for the Strengthening of Democracy of the OAS on the presidential election of Venezuela for the Secretary General Luis Almagro] 3541:, or table-top mountains. The tepuis stand as isolated, flat-topped plateaus that rise dramatically from the surrounding terrain. This unique relief contributes to the region's remarkable biodiversity and scientific significance. 12255:"Informe del Departamento para la Cooperación y Observación Electoral (DECO) de la Secretaría para el Fortalecimiento de la Democracia de la OEA sobre la elección presidencial de Venezuela para el Secretario General Luis Almagro" 3699:

and other reptiles. Although less frequent, the desert is home to some foxes, giant anteaters and rabbits. There are also some native bird populations, such as the sparrowhawk, tropical mockingbird, scaly dove and crested quail.

5918:, Venezuela initially made progress in social development in the 2000s, particularly in areas such as health, education, and poverty. Many of the social policies pursued by Chávez and his administration were jump-started by the 3307:

The country's main lakes are Lake Maracaibo -the largest in South America- open to the sea through the natural channel, but with fresh water, and Lake Valencia with its endorheic system. Other noteworthy bodies of water are the

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A drought, combined with a lack of planning and maintenance, has caused a hydroelectricity shortage. To deal with lack of power supply, in April 2016 the Maduro government announced rolling blackouts and reduced the government

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until the mid-20th century. From 1958, the country had a series of democratic governments, as an exception where most of the region was ruled by military dictatorships, and the period was characterized by economic prosperity.

7153: 3593:. These examples indicate that the configuration of the local relief is decisive in identifying regional types of valleys. Likewise, due to their warm climate, the Guayana valleys are distinguished from the temperate or cold 13406: 12119: 7085:

period, there were eventually confrontations between the Spanish conquerors and the barbarians and pirates that sailed along the Venezuelan coasts, in order to take over the provinces located on the coasts of the country.

1520:

After the conquest, the population dropped markedly, mainly through the spread of infectious diseases from Europe. Two main north–south axes of pre-Columbian population were present, who cultivated maize in the west and

3372:

The oldest rock formations in South America are found in the complex basement of the Guyanas highlands and in the crystalline line of the Maritime and Cordillera massifs in Venezuela. The Venezuelan part of the Guyanas

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Currently, many Venezuelan graduates seek a future abroad because of the country's troubled economy and heavy crime rate. Over 1.35 million Venezuelan college graduates have left the country since the beginning of the

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Entre tanto, los pueblos indígenas con mayor población se encuentran los Wayuu 58%, Warao 7%, Kariña 5%, Pemón 4%, Piaroa, Jivi, Añu, Cumanágoto 3%, Yukpa, Chaima 2%, el pueblo Yanomami 1% y otros pueblos con un 9%.

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obligations, standards of living fell dramatically. Failed economic policies and increasing corruption in government led to rising poverty and crime, worsening social indicators, and increased political instability.

14842: 142: 13194: 12331: 6666:, and the native English-speaking (English-creole speaking) influence is evident in folk and calypso songs from the region. Various dialects of Eastern-Caribbean English-based creoles were brought to Venezuela by 6089:), where the country's largest reserve is located. Besides the largest conventional oil reserves and the second-largest natural gas reserves in the Western Hemisphere, Venezuela has non-conventional oil deposits ( 1584:. Amazed by the great offshore current of freshwater which deflected his course eastward, Columbus expressed in a letter to Isabella and Ferdinand that he must have reached Heaven on Earth (terrestrial paradise): 17539:

Los resultados arrojados por el censo poblacional realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas en el 2011 demuestra que las poblaciones indígenas ha aumentado progresivamente con respecto al censo del año

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Rodríguez, J.P.; Nassar, J.M.; Rodríguez-Clark, K.M.; Zager, I.; Portillo-Quintero, C.A.; Carrasquel, F.; Zambrano, S. (2009). "Tropical dry forests in Venezuela: assessing status, threats and future prospects".

5509:, FANB) are the unified military forces of Venezuela. It includes over 320,150 men and women, under Article 328 of the Constitution, in five components of ground, sea and air. The components of the FANB are: the 12364: 11087: 6531:

Venezuela, bringing with them U.S. citizens. Later, during and after the war, new waves of immigrants from other parts of Europe, the Middle East, and China began; many were encouraged by government-established

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kilometres (62 mi) from the coastline. Though almost half of Venezuela's land area lies south of the Orinoco, only 5% of Venezuelans live there. The largest and most important city south of the Orinoco is

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was initially dominated by religious motifs. However, in the late 19th century, artists began emphasizing historical and heroic representations of the country's struggle for independence. This move was led by

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Map showing the proportion of the Venezuelan population which has the Spanish nationality or people who are residing in Venezuela which are declared as Spanish or people with declared Iberian Spanish ancestry

3692:. The park is the largest of its kind in Venezuela, covering 91 square kilometres. The landscape is dotted with cacti and other xerophytic plants that can survive in humidity-free conditions near the desert. 23867: 5974:

is one of the top tourist destinations. It is an island with a modern infrastructure, bordered by beaches suitable for extreme sports, and features castles, fortresses and churches of great cultural value.

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It is unknown how many people lived in Venezuela before the Spanish conquest; it has been estimated at one million. In addition to Indigenous peoples known today, the population included groups such as the

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Venezuela worked closely with its neighbors following the 1997 Summit of the Americas in many areas—particularly energy integration—and championed the OAS decision to adopt an Anti-Corruption Convention.

11587: 11557: 11310: 16273: 14615: 13568: 10641: 1509:. They left behind art, particularly anthropomorphic ceramics, but no major monuments. They spun vegetable fibers to weave into textiles and mats for housing. They are credited with having invented the 7061:

man began to build useful architecture from approximately 1000 BC to the 15th century AD, in the period known as the "Neo-Indian". Neo-Indian architecture consisted of incipient constructions, such as

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plans to publicly renounce Venezuela's membership on 27 April 2017. It will take two years for the country to formally leave. During this period, the country does not plan on participating in the OAS.

17745: 14517: 12933: 12026: 6601:, and many others for the official use of the Indigenous peoples, mostly with few speakers – less than 1% of the total population. Wayuu is the most spoken Indigenous language, with 170,000 speakers. 6186:). In the south and east the Amazon rainforest region has limited cross-border transport; in the west, there is a mountainous border of over 2,213 kilometres (1,375 mi) shared with Colombia. The 14465: 11772: 8895: 6589:

Although most residents are monolingual Spanish speakers, many languages are spoken in Venezuela. In addition to Spanish, the Constitution recognizes more than thirty Indigenous languages, including

143: 11935: 3169:. In the far south is a reserve for the country's Yanomami tribes. Covering 32,000 square miles (82,880 square kilometres), the area is off-limits to farmers, miners, and all non-Yanomami settlers. 23564: 17022: 14123: 12385: 7989: 12528: 12502: 11833: 7270:, notably expounded by Juan Vicente González, emerged as the first important genre in the region. Although mainly focused on narrative writing, Venezuelan literature was advanced by poets such as 3612:

The Andean valleys are undoubtedly the most impressive of the Venezuelan territory because of the energy of the encasing reliefs, whose summits often dominate the valley bottoms by 3,000 to 3,500

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A minimum drains to the Lake Valencia basin. Of the total extension of the rivers, a total of 5400 km are navigable. Other rivers worth mentioning are the Apure, Arauca, Caura, Meta, Barima,

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The popularity of baseball in the country makes Venezuela a rarity among its South American neighbors—association football is the dominant sport in the continent. However, football, as well as

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and did not recognize the CNE claims with only some exceptions. Both González and Maduro proclaimed themselves winners of the election. The results of the election were not recognized by the

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persisted in exploring the interior. In absence of von Hutten from the capital of the province, the crown of Spain claimed the right to appoint a governor. On Hutten's return to the capital,

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mountain range, offer a striking relief with towering peaks, deep valleys, and fertile intermontane basins. Dominated by these corpulent mountain ranges, including Venezuela's highest peak,

1136:

covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north and in the capital.

22303: 20423: 16913: 13673: 12176: 5594: 2164:, it ignored the results and Jiménez was installed as president Jiménez was forced out on 23 January 1958. In an effort to consolidate a young democracy, the three major political parties ( 20452: 15917: 23791: 19475: 16423: 11280: 10419: 2673: 17768: 17301: 14994: 14577: 10219:

Mr Chavez first came to prominence in February 1992 when he led an attempt to overthrow the government of President Carlos Andres Perez amid growing anger at economic austerity measures.

21992: 11741: 8744: 8270: 17430: 15147: 3711:, the Medanos de la Isla de Zapara in Zulia State, the so-called Hundición de Yay in the Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality of Lara State, and the Urumaco Formation also in Falcón State. 2757:

in the northwest, the northern mountains extending in a broad east–west arc from the Colombian border along the northern Caribbean coast, the wide plains in central Venezuela, and the

1092:. It comprises an area of 916,445 km (353,841 sq mi), and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of 15609: 11802: 3537:

The Guiana Shield boasts a varied relief shaped by geological processes over millions of years. This region encompasses peneplains, rugged mountain ranges, foothills, and the iconic

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in 1960, and the leftists excluded from the Pact initiated an insurgency by organizing themselves into the Armed Forces of National Liberation, sponsored by the Communist Party and

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Manufacturing contributed 17% of GDP in 2006. Venezuela manufactures and exports heavy industry products such as steel, aluminium and cement, with production concentrated around

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to government policies. Demonstrations and riots have resulted in over 40 fatalities in the unrest between Chavistas and opposition protesters and opposition leaders, including

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in Venezuela was 19 deaths per 1,000 births for 2014 which was lower than the South American average (To compare: The U.S. figure was 6 deaths per 1,000 births in 2013). Child

5885:

accounts for approximately 3% of GDP, 10% of the labor force, and at least a quarter of Venezuela's land area. The country is not self-sufficient in most areas of agriculture.

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the flat plains into a vast wetland during the rainy season. The relief here influences the region's unique ecosystems, including extensive grasslands and abundant wildlife.

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had the nation's highest rates. According to the United Nations, 32% of Venezuelans lacked adequate sanitation, primarily those living in rural areas. Diseases ranging from

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Tourism has been developed considerably in recent decades, particularly because of its favorable geographical position, the variety of landscapes, the richness of plant and

5742:, was incorporated into the office of the vice-president. However, many major government and military officials have been known for their involvement with drug trafficking. 3030:, which have been reported to reach up to 6.6 m (22 ft) in length. Venezuela hosts a total of 1,417 bird species, 48 of which are endemic. Important birds include 2524:

plummeted from over $ 100 to $ 40. This placed pressure on the economy, which was no longer able to afford vast social programs. The Government began taking more money from

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that had been destroyed by the earthquake of 1641. In the 18th century, specifically between 1728 and 1785, the prosperity that Venezuela enjoyed due to the opening of the

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There are approximately 33 prisons holding about 50,000 inmates. Venezuela's prison system is heavily overcrowded; its facilities have capacity for only 14,000 prisoners.

3272:. The second most important watershed is the Caribbean Sea. The rivers of this region are usually short and of scarce and irregular flow, with some exceptions such as the 3074:

fungal species already known from Venezuela is likely higher, given the generally accepted estimate that only about 7% of all fungi worldwide have so far been discovered.

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for COPEI, the first time a party other than Democratic Action took the presidency through a democratic election. The new democratic order had its antagonists. Betancourt

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The architecture of this period is characterized by its discreet modesty, with the exception of some cities. The explanation lies in the socioeconomic conditions of the

20584: 17378: 12355: 11620: 8931: 8130: 6620:(254,000), and Italian (200,000) are the most-spoken languages in Venezuela after the official language of Spanish. Arabic is spoken by Lebanese and Syrian colonies on 2668:; PUD), the main opposition political alliance. Polls conducted before the election indicated that González would win by a wide margin. After the government-controlled 19752:

Christopher Columbus and his monument Columbia: being a concordance of choice tributes to the great Genoese, his grand discovery, and his greatness of mind and purpose

16537: 14375: 11710: 9614: 9055: 8483: 2160:(1948–58) was Pérez Jiménez and he was suspected of being behind the death of Chalbaud, who died in a bungled kidnapping in 1950. When the junta unexpectedly lost the 16792: 15749: 15178: 15063: 13996: 6870:, although its efficiency and work conditions have been criticized. As of December 2014 an estimated 80% of Barrio Adentro establishments in Venezuela are abandoned. 23340: 22296: 20498: 17463: 16744: 13957: 10592: 9753: 7081:

materials and the consequent lack of craftsmen, contributed to establish a modest but well-defined physiognomy of the colonial architecture of Venezuela. During the

16859: 16243: 14049: 10804: 7747: 2454:, the largest emigration of people in Latin America's history, occurred, with over 7 million – about 20% of the country's population – emigrating. Chávez initiated 23852: 17437: 17408: 10871: 10680: 6190:

River is navigable by oceangoing vessels up to 400 kilometres (250 mi) inland and connects the major industrial city of Ciudad Guayana to the Atlantic Ocean.

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government, Hydrocarbons Minister Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso led the creation of OPEC, the consortium of oil-producing countries aiming to support the price of oil.

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have contributed to its current appearance. On the formed structures, seven physical-natural units have been modeled, differentiated in their relief and in their

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with 68% of the vote. The result was challenged by Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, France and the US who deemed it fraudulent and recognized

1159:). It separated as a full sovereign country in 1830. During the 19th century, Venezuela suffered political turmoil and autocracy, remaining dominated by regional 23549: 18221: 11996: 6554:

The total Indigenous population of the country is estimated at 500 thousand people (2.8% of the total), distributed among 40 Indigenous peoples. There are three

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noted that some of the arms procured by the government over the previous two decades had been diverted to paramilitary civilian groups and criminal syndicates.

17840: 16687: 14607: 13741: 10649: 9422: 8012: 3877: 18304: 17736: 14761: 14705: 12606: 10774: 2029:, seized power in Caracas. Castro defaulted on Venezuela's considerable foreign debts and declined to pay compensation to foreigners caught up in Venezuela's 22170: 14525: 14211: 13780: 13106: 12930: 12018: 11910: 11216: 11016: 8099: 7473: 5673:. The Democracy index downgraded Venezuela to an authoritarian regime in 2017, citing continued increasingly dictatorial behaviors by the Maduro government. 5627:

have warned foreign visitors that they may be subjected to robbery, kidnapping and murder, and that their own diplomatic travelers are required to travel in

1960:, the yellow stands for land wealth, the blue for the sea that separates Venezuela from Spain, and the red for the blood shed by the heroes of independence. 21863: 17898: 14457: 13712: 11764: 8887: 7528:

had represented the country since 2008 in Nordic Skiing, the first South American skier to compete in a FIS Cross Country Ski World Cup on Düsseldorf 2009.

23656: 23615: 23357: 22289: 21983: 14186: 12558: 12019:"Nicolás Maduro Moros and 14 Current and Former Venezuelan Officials Charged with Narco-Terrorism, Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Criminal Charges" 11927: 6381:

Ethnic minorities in Venezuela consist of groups that descend mainly from African or Indigenous peoples; 2.8% identified themselves as "black" and 0.7% as

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including coffee and cacao cultivation. This region's semi-arid climate and picturesque landscapes make it an important agricultural and tourism center.

2528:, the state oil company, resulting in a lack of reinvestment in fields and employees. Production decreased from its height of nearly 3 to 1 million 18104: 16972: 16030: 15669: 15030: 13848: 13126: 11675: 10126: 6686:. Italian language teaching is delivered by private Venezuelan schools and institutions. Other languages spoken by large communities in the country are 6030: 2684:

due to the lack of granular results, and disputed by the opposition, which claimed a landslide victory and released access to vote tallies collected by

23191: 23186: 18325: 16652: 16066: 15489: 11247: 11042: 9714: 8696: 8681: 8303: 8231: 6938:

During the economic crisis observed under President Maduro's presidency, medical professionals were forced to perform outdated treatments on patients.

6356:, or mixed, ethnic ancestry. In the 2011 census, which Venezuelans were asked to identify themselves according to their customs and ancestry, the term 5817:

claims Venezuela has the weakest property rights in the world, scoring only 5.0 on a scale of 100; expropriation without compensation is not uncommon.

1466: 16479: 16204: 15832: 15403: 13635: 11365: 10972: 7137: 2725:. It has a total area of 916,445 km (353,841 sq mi) and a land area of 882,050 km (340,560 sq mi), making Venezuela the 1915:. New Granada's congress gave Bolívar control of the Granadian army; leading it, he liberated several countries and founded the Republic of Colombia ( 23176: 23171: 23166: 23161: 23156: 23151: 23146: 23141: 21010: 17342: 15381: 12886: 11965: 11397: 10409: 8954: 8832: 6547:

and asylum seekers from Colombia numbering 252,200 in 2007, and 10,600 new asylum seekers entered Venezuela in 2007. Between 500,000 and one million

5888:

Since the discovery of oil in the early 20th century, Venezuela has been one of the world's leading exporters of oil, and it is a founding member of

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in specified policy areas; this requires a two-thirds majority in the Assembly. Since 1959, six Venezuelan presidents have been granted such powers.

18021:

L'italiano come lingua acquisita o riacquisita è largamente diffuso in Venezuela: recenti studi stimano circa 200.000 studenti di italiano nel Paese

16766: 14082: 12412: 10941: 10743: 10068: 9519: 2895:

The country falls into four horizontal temperature zones based primarily on elevation, having tropical, dry, temperate with dry winters, and polar (

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persecute and repress its critics and opposition. Other persistent concerns as noted by the report included poor prison conditions, the continuous

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riots of 1989, during the second presidential term of Carlos Andrés Pérez (1989–1993) and after the implementation of economic austerity measures.

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starting in 1777. Caracas, founded in the central coastal region in 1567, was well-placed to become a key location, being near the coastal port of

694: 18512: 18381: 16921: 16360: 13657: 12168: 10314: 6326:

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 28,199,867 in 2021. A 2014 study by sociologists of the

6026: 209: 23649: 21878: 20976: 20460: 19243: 16413: 15909: 13233: 9028: 8795: 8197: 8065: 3941:

The country can be further divided into ten geographical areas, some corresponding to climatic and biogeographical regions. In the north are the

3552:

This complex deltaic relief supports diverse aquatic life and the livelihoods of Indigenous communities adapted to its ever-changing landscapes.

19479: 17810: 17776: 17250: 15886: 14727: 14495: 13165: 11493: 11270: 8511: 5325:

In March 2017, the Venezuelan Supreme Court took over law making powers from the National Assembly but reversed its decision the following day.

23610: 23605: 22763: 21462: 18742: 18487: 17293: 14954: 14585: 6033:, greater shortages occurred due to the Venezuelan government's policy of withholding United States dollars from importers with price controls. 3431:

agricultural land and vibrant communities. These valleys offer a stark contrast to the rugged mountains that rise dramatically from the coast.

1215: 19399: 18704:

Daniel, Ortega; Rodríguez, Francisco (October 2008). "Freed from Illiteracy? A Closer Look at Venezuela's Misión Robinson Literacy Campaign".

18355: 15639: 15234: 12686: 11733: 10107:"Venezuela 1984–1999: 15 años de historia (La Comisión Presidencial para la Reforma del Estado (COPRE) como mecanismo de innovación política)" 8865: 8260: 7491:

is gaining popularity as well. The sport is also noted for having an increased focus during the World Cup. Venezuela is scheduled to host the

23333: 20961: 19190: 15143: 12198: 10391: 10333: 9293: 7787: 5476: 3569:, except also in the Amazonian peneplains. By their modeling, the valleys of the Venezuelan territory belong mainly to two types: valleys of 1879:, with the goal to regain the lost territory in Venezuela and New Granada. As the war reached a stalemate on 1817, Bolívar reestablished the 1635:

In 1528, Charles V granted the Welsers the right to explore, rule and colonize the territory, as well as to seek the mythical golden town of

816: 20570: 18585: 18434: 16150: 14983: 14245: 13931: 13596: 12446: 9661: 8986: 7339: 5869:, one of the largest in the world and the provider of about three-quarters of Venezuela's electricity. Other notable manufacturing includes 3703:

Other desert areas in the country include part of the Guajira Desert in the Guajira Municipality in the north of Zulia State and facing the

2279:. President Carlos Andrés Pérez (re-elected in 1988) was impeached under embezzlement charges in 1993, leading to the interim presidency of 2261:

Economic crises in the 1980s and 1990s led to a political crisis. Hundreds of people were killed by security forces and the military in the

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from this, as corruption thrived, but at the same time, the new source of income helped him centralize the state and develop its authority.

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is high by world standards and was so for much of the 20th century. The discovery of oil worsened political corruption. By the late 1970s,

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but also by much of the population due to its proximity to Brazil. The German community speaks their native language, while the people of

19:"Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela" redirects here. For the period when it was known as the "Republic of Venezuela" from 1953 to 1999, see 23579: 23073: 18534: 16709: 14019: 13539: 10827: 8375: 7393:. Venezuela has always been a melting pot of cultures and this can be seen in the richness and variety of its musical styles and dances: 1739:. The early colonial settlements focused on the northern coast, but in the mid-18th century, the Spanish pushed farther inland along the 22281: 20519: 19216: 19126: 17868: 15856: 15287: 14156: 13304: 6826:

descent. Buddhism is practiced by over 52,000 people. The Buddhist community is made up mainly of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean people.

5787:

in the world because the consumer price of petrol is heavily subsidized. The private sector controls two-thirds of Venezuela's economy.

2271:, who in 1982 had promised to depose the bipartisanship governments, used the growing anger at economic austerity measures to justify a 1895:

of 1819, the union of Venezuela with New Granada was decreed to form the Republic of Colombia. The war continued until full victory and

21871: 21722: 21071: 20871: 20768: 20630: 5914:

The recovery of oil prices after 2001 boosted the Venezuelan economy and facilitated social spending. With social programs such as the

2692: 2391: 2357:, economic independence, equitable distribution of revenues, and an end to political corruption. They interpret Bolívar's ideas from a 663: 20753: 18408: 18259: 18008: 17603: 16186: 16113: 14547: 12756: 12738:

Jowers, M., & Downie, J. (2004). Distribution of the frog Mannophryne trinitatis (Anura: Dendrobatidae) in Trinidad, West Indies.

11826:"Self-declared leader of Venezuela Juan Guaido extends olive branch to China, wants 'productive and mutually beneficial relationship'" 5383:. Venezuela is one of five nations in the world—along with Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria—to have recognized the independence of 2272: 1568:, German Welsers ruled Venezuela from 1528 to 1546, before it was retaken by the Spanish Empire. Painting of 1560 by Hieronymus Köler. 1465:

Evidence exists of human habitation in the area now known as Venezuela from about 15,000 years ago. Tools have been found on the high

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López Maya, Margarita (2005). "Venezuela 2002–2003: Polarisation, Confrontation, and Violence". In Goumbri, Olivia Burlingame (ed.).

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Arzt, E.; Orjeda, G.; Nobre, C.; Castilla, J.C.; Barañao, L.; Ribeiro, S.; Bifano, C.; Krieger, J.E.; Guerrero, P.C. (12 June 2014).

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structure. Between these orographic systems there are plains covered with tertiary and quaternary layers of gravel, sands and clayey

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is completed. It is ranked 151 out of 156 countries in the index of Geopolitical Gains and Losses after energy transition (GeGaLo).

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broke out with the Netherlands, which was resolved when Castro left for medical treatment in Germany and was promptly overthrown by

23326: 22732: 21976: 21802: 21017: 20603: 18777: 17660: 17519: 17492: 16000: 11462: 11428: 9270: 9177: 8336: 7022:

The culture of Venezuela is a melting pot made up of three main groups: The Indigenous Venezuelans, the Africans, and the Spanish.

6932: 5344: 2856: 1857: 1247: 188: 18159: 15433: 15201: 15121: 14820: 12784:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material" 11515: 2572: 21005: 20829: 15339: 12713: 12224: 11109: 9137: 9114: 8707: 7544: 7462: 6281: 5376: 4808: 3835: 3347: 2584: 2301: 1952:. Between one-quarter and one-third of Venezuela's population was lost during these two decades of war (including about half the 19453: 18800: 17191: 15940: 14427: 14405: 14345: 12299: 12050: 3157:. In 2003, 70% of the nation's land was under conservation management in over 200 protected areas, including 43 national parks. 2111:(the first free and fair elections in Venezuela). Gallegos governed until overthrown by a military junta led by the triumvirate 23118: 21217: 21027: 18282: 17934: 17625: 17140: 16943: 15970: 15085: 14783: 12632: 10911: 10286: 7857: 6210: 6063: 5460: 5281: 3843: 3748: 2855:

lie near the Venezuelan coast. Venezuela has territorial disputes with Guyana, formerly United Kingdom, largely concerning the

2669: 2549: 2509: 1815: 1192: 594: 17045: 15511: 13874: 13259: 12856: 11851: 6559:

are concentrated in eight states along Venezuela's borders with Brazil, Guyana, and Colombia, and the majority groups are the

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it is an even greater marvel, because I do not believe such a large and deep river has ever been known to exist in this world.

1477:

hunting artifacts, including spear tips, have been found at a similar series of sites in northwestern Venezuela; according to

23087: 22415: 21893: 21485: 20924: 20824: 20778: 20417: 20396: 20374: 20350: 20325: 20294: 20273: 20245: 20213: 20185: 20164: 20142: 20114: 20091: 20066: 20047: 20025: 20006: 19987: 19960: 19939: 19909: 19888: 19867: 19846: 19826: 19805: 19786: 19760: 19739: 19709: 19688: 19657: 19630: 19588: 19567: 19302: 19277: 19053: 19026: 18999: 18955: 18928: 18144: 18069: 17382: 17164: 16826: 16617: 16578: 16383: 16114:"Resultados del Índice Nacional de Precios Al Consumidor, Producto Interno Bruto y Balanza de Pagos Cuarto Trimestre De 2015" 15803: 15737:, p. 353. "The perception of petroleum as the cause of Venezuela's corruption had become widespread during this period." 14793: 14367: 13896: 13842: 13774: 13706: 13506: 13439: 13400: 13298: 13227: 13159: 12480: 11610: 10206: 10181: 10160: 9747: 9406: 9045: 8921: 8122: 7965: 7941: 7432:. Specific songs are related to the different stages of their festivals and processions, when the saints start their yearly " 7409:

was a world-famous 19th century piano virtuoso. Recently, great classical music performances have come out of Venezuela. The

6194: 5464: 3738: 3214:

There are 105 protected areas in Venezuela, which cover around 26% of the country's continental, marine and insular surface.

2649: 2604: 2592: 2484: 2414: 2373:, that continues to the present day. Venezuela has been considered the Bolivarian Republic following the adoption of the new 2276: 2238: 2200: 2161: 2108: 1290: 1211: 1184: 22383: 19578: 13512: 13473: 13445: 13364: 13334: 11702: 9618: 8472: 6510:

During the colonial period and until after the Second World War, many of the European immigrants to Venezuela came from the

5757:

Almost 82 per cent of Venezuelans live in poverty, with 53 per cent in extreme poverty, unable to buy even basic foodstuffs.

23913: 23584: 22737: 22156: 18556: 16800: 16740: 15746: 15170: 15055: 13988: 13390: 9843:(1966). "Anglo-American Rivalries and the Venezuela Crisis of 1895. Presidential Address to the Royal Historical Society". 8479: 8446: 7262:

originated soon after the Spanish conquest of the mostly pre-literate Indigenous societies. It was originally dominated by

7093:

religious monuments comparable to those of other countries of the continent. The XVII century was of reconstruction of the

6209:

were opened more recently. Venezuela has a road network of nearly 100,000 kilometres (62,000 mi), placing the country

3645: 1593: 1544: 1148: 998: 21200: 17686: 17467: 16235: 13740:(in Spanish). Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Seminario de Lenguas Indígenas. 10582: 8055: 8031: 3597:

by their humid environment. Both are, in turn, different from the semi-arid depressions of the states of Lara and Falcón.

2417:

and for a third term in October 2012. However, he was never sworn in due to medical complications; he died in March 2013.

23957: 23620: 21969: 21429: 21222: 21046: 20861: 20643: 19516: 18918: 18856: 16515: 15459: 15313: 14728:"Latin American Herald Tribune – US Announces New Executive Order Sanctions on Venezuela – Declares "National Emergency"" 14057: 12921:

Jafé, Espiño, Benítez, Gardinali (1995): Pollution chronology of Lake Valencia, Venezuela. Springer Verlag. New York Inc.

10796: 10550:"Gracias a las malas políticas del Gobierno bolivariano, más de 4 millones de venezolanos se han ido del país (encuesta)" 10491: 9789: 7982:"Battling Authoritarian Regimes in Venezuela and Beyond: A Conversation with Venezuelan Opposition Leader Leopoldo López" 7758: 7594: 7518: 6970: 6374:, a term used throughout Ibero-America that in this case means "dark-skinned" or "brown-skinned", as opposed to having a 6201:

nearly $ 500 million. Several major cities have metro systems; the Caracas Metro has been operating since 1983. The

5698: 5396: 3196: 3158: 3146: 2951: 2576: 2382: 2342: 1617: 1548: 1231: 10672: 9563: 7428:

Afro-Venezuelan musical traditions are most intimately related to the festivals of the "black folk saints" San Juan and

6330:

found over 1.5 million Venezuelans, or about 4% to 6% of the country's population, have left Venezuela since 1999.

5809:

which is used as currency. The president of the Central Bank of Venezuela serves as the country's representative in the

23569: 22838: 21136: 20713: 19152: 18972: 18895: 17918: 14923: 10240: 7410: 6775:). 8% of Venezuelans are irreligious. Almost 3% of the population follow another religion (1% of these people practice 3772: 2596: 2215:. In 1962 they tried to destabilize the military corps, with failed revolts. Betancourt promoted a foreign policy, the 2173: 1948:

allowed the proclamation of a newly independent Venezuela, on 22 September; Páez became the first president of the new

1688: 1362: 797: 18235: 17712: 16568: 15781: 15542: 13188: 11988: 9781: 7050: 4890: 3369:

and plateaus (tepui, east of the Orinoco) that together form the Guyanas massif (plateaus, southeast of the country).

23872: 23011: 22780: 21758: 21648: 20846: 18945: 17128: 16947: 13667: 9230: 7680: 6352:

The people of Venezuela come from a variety of ancestries. It is estimated that the majority of the population is of

5893: 5620: 5319: 5294:

National Assembly from legislating. The first steps taken by PSUV and government were the substitution of the entire

4760: 2947: 2410: 2349:. According to Chávez and other supporters, the "Bolivarian Revolution" sought to build a mass movement to implement 2284: 2034: 1267: 1151:

in 1522 amid resistance from Indigenous peoples. In 1811, it became one of the first Spanish-American territories to

1133: 1085: 20728: 17836: 16677: 16607: 15572: 13735: 9419: 7358:. Traditional musical styles and songs mainly emerged in and around the llanos region, including "Alma llanera" (by 6494: 3860: 2131: 23967: 23504: 22537: 22368: 21819: 21146: 20841: 18301: 17965: 14753: 12598: 11008: 10766: 7559: 7506:. Maldonado has increased the reception of Formula 1 in Venezuela, helping to popularize the sport in the country. 7488: 7041:

was the most important Venezuelan architect of the modern era; he designed the Central University of Venezuela, (a

6956:

Illiteracy rate in Venezuela based on data from UNESCO and the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) of Venezuela

6609: 6175: 3138: 1993:

In 1895, a longstanding dispute with Great Britain about the Essequibo territory, which Britain claimed as part of

1755: 18033: 17431:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 14219: 13764: 11902: 11206: 9199: 8091: 5764:

Venezuela was “once among South America's wealthiest countries” before the economic meltdown under Maduro regime.

5585: 3756: 3689: 3669: 2910:, and the lowest temperature recorded was −11 °C (12 °F), reported from an uninhabited high altitude at 1274:

in which more than 7.7 million people had fled the country by June 2024. By 2017, Venezuela was declared to be in

23672: 23349: 22775: 22753: 22488: 21832: 21298: 21232: 21207: 20988: 18198: 17902: 14178: 13696: 7118: 6962: 6856: 6485: 6327: 6222: 6102: 6072: 5724: 5632: 5448: 5444: 5388: 5315: 4234: 2795: 2681: 1953: 1845: 1350: 1298: 1023: 469: 419: 17573: 16326: 12657:

Dennis, R.W.G. "Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries". Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1970

12566: 9345:(in Spanish). Instituto de Cultura Hispánica (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional). 1958. p. 386. 7960:. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Brookings Institution Press. p. intro. 4880: 2768:, the nation's highest point at 4,979 m (16,335 ft), lies in this region. To the south, the dissected 2631:. The report stated the government used enforced disappearances to silence opponents and other critical voices. 2426: 23977: 21190: 20951: 20783: 20708: 20682: 20673: 20668: 20623: 19979: 19016: 16849: 14277: 12085: 11141: 9496: 7054: 5334: 3965: 3866: 3755:(PPT) and the Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV), and the opposition bloc grouped into the electoral coalition 3630: 3361:, adenas of the Andes mountain range (north and northwest), Lake Maracaibo (between the chains, on the coast); 2038: 1823: 1783: 1763: 1675:

revoked Welser's concession. The Welsers transported German miners to the colony, in addition to 4,000 African

1180: 935: 745: 577: 15481: 13803: 13219:

La dinámica del espacio en la cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo, 1873-1940: y su proyeccion hasta el presente, 1980

13032: 12953: 11540: 10863: 10463: 8546: 2326:

being elected president in 1998 and the subsequent launch of a "Bolivarian Revolution", beginning with a 1999

89: 22727: 21386: 21256: 21106: 20971: 20718: 19043: 18111: 16296: 16208: 15661: 13832: 13120: 11667: 11239: 10106: 8772: 7122: 7098: 6167: 2939: 2588: 2096: 1621: 1183:

for embezzlement of public funds charges in 1993. The collapse in confidence in the existing parties saw the

959: 570: 21511: 20793: 20486: 18333: 16646: 15407: 15019: 11572: 10388: 10330: 9710: 9435: 8292: 8223: 3238:

that, after some 500 km in length, connects it to the Negro River, which in turn is a tributary of the

22135: 21493: 21313: 21056: 20956: 20866: 19835: 15829: 13629: 13562: 12692: 10735: 8678: 8622: 8060: 7461:

During the 1930s, baseball's popularity continued to rise in the country, leading to the foundation of the

5919: 5712: 4908: 2989: 2927: 2177: 2037:, in which Britain, Germany and Italy imposed a naval blockade before international arbitration at the new 1853: 1210:

and poverty in the early years of the regime. However, poverty began to rapidly increase in the 2010s. The

925: 457: 17353: 16741:"S&P Downgrades Venezuela on Worsening Economy Rising Inflation, Economic Pressures Prompt Rating Cut" 12897: 11405: 8818: 7413:

has hosted a number of excellent concerts in many European concert halls, most notably at the 2007 London

6447: 5529:. As of 2008, a further 600,000 soldiers were incorporated into a new branch, known as the Armed Reserve. 5414:

On 26 April 2017, Venezuela announced its intention to withdraw from the OAS. Venezuelan Foreign Minister

3751:

are in Venezuela: the incumbent leftist bloc United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), its major allies

2612:

Venezuela. In March 2020, Trump indicted Maduro and Venezuelan officials, on charges of drug trafficking,

2315: 2280: 23893: 23589: 23068: 22878: 22498: 22483: 22460: 22311: 22179: 21528: 21082: 20993: 20513: 18601: 16770: 15373: 14731: 14697: 8412: 6885: 6320: 6025:

in Venezuela have been prevalent following the enactment of price controls and other policies during the

5810: 5666: 5526: 4860: 4840: 4575: 4171: 4027: 3869: 2786:, which are extensive plains that stretch from the Colombian border in the far west to the Orinoco River 2492: 1880: 1819: 1255: 1152: 1129: 550: 480: 34: 19663: 11957: 7211: 7018:

is the most popular folk genre, and the cowboy music, of Venezuela. Depiction of a Llanera band in 1912.

5708: 4974: 3106:. The tops of the tepuis are also home to several carnivorous plants including the marsh pitcher plant, 2803: 2764:

The northern mountains are the extreme northeastern extensions of South America's Andes mountain range.

2653: 23842: 23801: 23781: 23111: 22758: 22493: 22473: 22468: 21932: 21824: 21212: 20663: 20598: 20083: 18509: 18385: 16352: 10311: 9018: 8787: 8594: 7477: 7359: 7294: 7203: 6206: 6067: 5784: 5295: 4943: 3985: 2943: 2496: 2495:

contested Maduro's election as fraud, but an audit of 56% of the vote showed no discrepancies, and the

1759: 1596:

started in 1522, establishing its first permanent South American settlement in the present-day city of

1389: 1235: 899: 27: 17802: 13217: 8521: 8187: 7363: 6081:

main petroleum deposits are located around and beneath Lake Maracaibo, the Gulf of Venezuela (both in

2984:

range from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive

2081: 23862: 23680: 22888: 22408: 21773: 21768: 21763: 21753: 21748: 21396: 21318: 21273: 21051: 20941: 20907: 20703: 20688: 20616: 15878: 14872:

Overland, Indra; Bazilian, Morgan; Ilimbek Uulu, Talgat; Vakulchuk, Roman; Westphal, Kirsten (2019).

14487: 13149: 11485: 6830: 6794:, and Jewish communities. The Muslim community of more than 100,000 is concentrated among persons of 6675: 6479: 6275: 5798: 5738: 5647: 5522: 5299: 2553: 2451: 2403: 2374: 2123: 1283: 1271: 1239: 1196: 981: 681: 634: 95: 18746: 14958: 10894:"Venezuela HRF Declares Leopoldo Lopez a Prisoner of Conscience and Calls for his Immediate Release" 7038: 6439:, the composition of Venezuela's population is 60.60% European, 23% Indigenous, and 16.30% African. 6436: 6129: 5845: 5486: 2548:

against PDVSA and Venezuelan officials. Economic problems, as well as crime, were the causes of the

2085: 1904: 1456: 1206:

policies were bolstered by soaring oil prices, temporarily increasing social spending, and reducing

22450: 21783: 21778: 21743: 21711: 21671: 21293: 21288: 21180: 20912: 20698: 20543: 19403: 15631: 15238: 12322:"Cómo acceder a la página web para verificar las actas electorales que Maduro bloqueó en Venezuela" 11078:"Let them eat Chavismo The UN honours Venezuela for curbing hunger—which is actually getting worse" 10487: 8857: 7589: 7367: 7314: 7266:. Following the rise of political literature during the Venezuelan War of Independence, Venezuelan 6842: 6532: 6312: 5882: 3827: 3742: 3684:

Venezuela has a great diversity of landscapes and climates, including arid and dry areas. The main

3586: 3424: 2696: 2639: 2591:

decisions since the opposition took control, took over the functions of the assembly, creating the

2242: 2145: 1998: 1912: 1302: 331: 326: 19194: 16146: 14254: 9992:"Venezuelan Democracy in the 20th Century. The Struggle Between the Military and the Non–Military" 9653: 8153:"Almagro: Maduro se transforma en dictador por negarles a venezolanos derecho a decidir su futuro" 7783: 6637: 6385:(Afro-descendant), 2.6% claimed to belong to Indigenous peoples, and 1.2% answered "other races". 6128:

In 1973, Venezuela voted to nationalize its oil industry outright, effective 1 January 1976, with

5711:'s description of oil as "the Devil's excrement" had become a common expression in Venezuela. The 4367: 1972: 980:

The "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela" has been the full official title since the adoption of the

23625: 22478: 21676: 21361: 20897: 18217: 13923: 13603: 12450: 11211: 9840: 8994: 6462: 5814: 5704: 5693: 5682: 5662: 3720: 2443: 2338: 2165: 2127: 2002: 1827: 1668: 1629: 1502: 1243: 849: 722: 18582: 10614: 7487:

Although not as popular in Venezuela as the rest of South America, football, spearheaded by the

7421:, a publicly financed, voluntary music education program now being emulated in other countries. 7195: 6543:, published by the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Venezuela hosted a population of 6243: 5937:

is one of Venezuela's top tourist attractions and the world's highest waterfall, located in the

5669:

rated Venezuela a "hybrid regime" and the third least democratic regime in Latin America on the

4933: 3688:

in the country is in the state of Falcon near the city of Coro. It is now a protected park, the

2117: 2013:

of 1823, and used his influence in Washington, D.C., to pursue the matter. Then, U.S. president

1987: 1930: 23630: 22873: 22831: 21681: 21656: 21391: 21323: 21303: 21283: 21242: 21227: 20983: 20946: 20807: 20575: 18311: 18266: 17050: 15758: 9109: 7371: 6978: 6947: 6867: 6846: 6663: 6584: 6515: 6150: 6017: 5978: 5493: 4747: 4494: 4099: 3732: 3531: 3180: 3162: 3130: 2988:

plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east. They include

2821: 2708: 2620: 2516: 2480: 2226: 1945: 1751: 1720:(died 1573) attempted to resist Spanish incursions, but the newcomers ultimately subdued them. 1436: 1259: 1223: 772: 716: 650: 535: 259: 125: 21961: 20503: 19130: 15910:"Venezuela 'on brink of civil war' as Putin-ally warns of 'BLOODBATH' if he loses crunch vote" 15291: 13535: 12112:"Líder da oposição nas pesquisas, María Corina Machado é inabilitada por 15 anos na Venezuela" 11928:"From oil to infrastructure, why China has plenty to lose from political turmoil in Venezuela" 11552: 9737: 9445: 9292:

John, Tara; Pozzbon, Stefano; Alberti, Mia; Hansler, Jennifer; Schmitz, Avery (29 July 2024).

8371: 7389:

is also a very popular genre, generally performed during Christmas. The national dance is the

7302: 7101:

was also reflected in the construction of new architecture, especially of a religious nature.

6866:

system. The current government has created a program to expand access to health care known as

6266:, with this energy source accounting for 64% of the country's electricity generation in 2021. 3673: 2567: 75: 23494: 23104: 22722: 22358: 22320: 21916: 21376: 21356: 20885: 20788: 20579: 18059: 13288: 13100: 12356:"Venezuela's Opposition Releases Election Database; Claims Big Victory Over Strongman Maduro" 11958:"OAS Permanent Council Agrees "to not recognize the legitimacy of Nicolas Maduro's new term"" 9806: 7455: 7451: 7350:

The Indigenous musical styles of Venezuela are exemplified by groups like Un Solo Pueblo and

7259: 7254: 6986: 6863: 6703: 6649: 6453: 6036: 5996: 5989: 5938: 5717: 5657: 5481: 5251: 4405: 3728: 3166: 3092:

are found in the country's cloud forest and lowland rainforest ecosystems. These include the

2977: 2378: 2297: 2030: 1892: 1861: 1397: 1188: 1121: 1015: 517: 511: 20: 23052: 23042: 22868: 21185: 18658: 16183: 14368:"Nicolás Maduro decreta un nuevo Estado de Excepción y de Emergencia Económica en Venezuela" 14050:"Nicolás Maduro: 'Impediré por las buenas o por las malas que la oposición llegue al poder'" 8078:

The reforms paved the way for Maduro to establish a dictatorship years after Chávez's death.

7271: 6935:; 13% of the population lacked access to drinking water, but this number had been dropping. 5806: 5619:

Venezuela is especially dangerous for foreign travelers and investors who are visiting. The

5065: 4924: 3620:. They are also the most picturesque in terms of their style of habitat, forms of land use, 3489:, the region's rugged and picturesque landscapes are defined by its high-altitude terrain. 3291: 3183:

for its beauty, is massively polluted due to the countless sewage systems pouring residuals.

2721:

Venezuela is located in the north of South America; geologically, its mainland rests on the

2442:

of relying on oil sales and importing goods resulted in large amounts of debt, no change to

2046: 2026: 882: 23972: 22645: 22440: 22401: 21735: 21706: 21701: 21661: 21422: 21338: 21237: 21168: 21122: 21066: 21061: 21037: 20998: 20929: 20902: 20836: 20819: 20651: 18412: 18256: 17595: 16120: 15059: 14885: 12986: 12795: 12760: 10942:"Venezuela: Human rights groups reject condemnation of jailed Leopoldo Lopez as 'baseless'" 9553:

South American Explorer. (1979). Perù: South American Explorers, p.27. University of Texas.

7599: 7510: 7183: 7062: 7006: 5959: 5772: 5751: 5635:

has advised against all travel to Venezuela. Visitors have been murdered during robberies.

5624: 5518: 5128: 3993: 3901: 3724: 3300: 3023: 2911: 2872: 2722: 2628: 2327: 1803: 1573: 1411: 1279: 1171:

and 1990s led to major political crises and widespread social unrest, including the deadly

887: 301: 18087:"Patuá in Paria: The Status of French-lexicon Creole in Venezuela (pre-published version)" 16031:"What socialism? Private sector still dominates Venezuelan economy despite Chavez crusade" 15261: 14667: 14637: 14458:"La dictadura venezolana invitó al podemita que irá a la cárcel por pegar a un socialista" 10702: 9204:

Regional Inter-Agency Coordination Platform for Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela (R4V)

7226: 6086: 5856:

Annual variation of real GDP according to the Central Bank of Venezuela (2016 preliminary)

4795:

The Federal Dependencies are not states. They are just special divisions of the territory.

2188: 2184:

power-sharing agreement. AD and COPEI dominated the political landscape for four decades.

2100: 2061: 376: 109: 8: 23514: 23369: 23016: 22328: 22118: 21901: 21793: 21520: 21346: 21308: 21278: 21131: 20966: 20934: 20919: 20773: 18411:. David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University. Archived from 18226: 17114: 17080: 12671: 11520: 10587: 10519: 8713: 8657:

quality of housing, neighborhoods, education, and employment, remained largely unchanged.

8450: 7481: 7290: 7042: 6966: 6671: 6617: 6555: 6316: 5947: 5915: 5432:

Venezuela may suffer a deterioration of its power in international affairs if the global

5144: 4992: 4938: 4865: 4845: 4651: 4595: 4557: 4347: 4323: 4243: 3897: 3505: 3103: 3043: 2961: 2836: 2734: 2455: 2447: 2432: 2216: 2042: 1807: 1732: 1219: 1207: 1125: 1113: 486: 23318: 21454: 20203: 20035: 17523: 14889: 14812: 12990: 12799: 11458: 10040: 9262: 9169: 8328: 8293:"Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)'s Constitution of 1999 with Amendments through 2009" 7318: 7179: 6368:—51.6% and 43.6%, respectively. Slightly more than half of the population claimed to be 3794: 3256:

The Orinoco receives directly or indirectly rivers such as the Ventuari, the Caura, the

2564:

discarded by commercial establishments". 200 prison riots had occurred by October 2016.

2529: 2461: 23952: 23429: 22610: 21613: 21438: 21381: 21371: 21351: 21328: 21268: 20856: 20851: 20528: 20508: 20237: 20231: 19931: 19535: 18831: 18721: 18359: 18181:"Sending relief--and a message of inclusion and love—to our Druze sisters and brothers" 14212:"Designación de magistrados del TSJ en Vzla es un "flagrante fraude" a la Constitución" 13978:

Based on the result of the 2011 Census according to the Instituto Nacional de Estadisca

13088: 13009: 12974: 12864: 12837: 12824: 12783: 12559:"South America Banks on Regional Strategy to Safeguard Quarter of Earth's Biodiversity" 11615: 10537:

This human outflow, ... is the largest displacement of people in Latin American history

10056: 10021: 9967: 9942: 9876: 9868: 9544:

Routledge Library Editions: World Empires (2021). United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.

9142: 8647: 8227: 8017: 7974: 7904: 7849: 7833: 7445: 7355: 7351: 7344: 7334: 7310: 7298: 7286: 6361: 6300: 5653: 5601: 5554: 5533: 5372: 5273: 4613: 4590: 4476: 3787: 3779: 3752: 3312:, the Altagracia lagoon, the Camatagua reservoir and the Mucubají lagoon in the Andes. 3111: 3007: 2935: 2931: 2742: 2738: 2624: 2545: 2346: 2331: 1949: 1900: 1841: 1837: 1796: 1731:. Some resisting tribes or leaders are commemorated in place names, including Caracas, 1684: 1656: 1648: 1625: 1552: 1514: 1478: 1375: 1356: 1011: 985: 413: 391: 244: 170: 21553: 20338:

Oil wealth and the fate of the forest: a comparative study of eight tropical countries

15117: 13763:

Colombo-Venezolanos, Venezuela Comisión Presidencial para Asuntos Fronterizos (1993).

12717: 12405: 11763:

Roth, Andrew; Kuo, Lily; Agren, David; Augustin, Ed; Walker, Peter (24 January 2019).

11117: 7282: 7215: 6814:

area. Venezuela is home of the largest Druze communities outside the Middle East, the

5415: 5302:, acclaimed as a fraud by the majority of the Venezuelan and international press. The 5289:, opposition leaders, capitalism and foreign influence, President Maduro acknowledged 4514: 3524: 2311: 2104: 1856:

was proclaimed on 7 August 1813, but lasted only a few months before being crushed by

556: 381: 316: 271: 23857: 23837: 22824: 22313:

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples’ Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP)

21937: 21696: 21691: 21401: 20413: 20392: 20370: 20346: 20321: 20308: 20305:

Changing Venezuela by taking power: the history and policies of the Chavez government

20290: 20269: 20263: 20241: 20209: 20181: 20160: 20138: 20110: 20103: 20087: 20062: 20043: 20021: 20002: 19983: 19956: 19935: 19905: 19884: 19863: 19842: 19822: 19801: 19782: 19756: 19750: 19735: 19728: 19705: 19684: 19653: 19626: 19619: 19584: 19563: 19530: 19511: 19298: 19273: 19049: 19022: 18995: 18951: 18924: 18823: 18725: 18279: 18204: 18065: 17262: 16992:

Venezuela Cuts Public Employees' Workweek To 2 Days To Save Energy : The Two-Way

16613: 16574: 14789: 14518:"Expresidentes denuncian ruptura del orden constitucional y democrático en Venezuela" 13838: 13770: 13702: 13663: 13502: 13435: 13396: 13294: 13223: 13155: 13080: 13014: 12841: 12829: 12811: 12291: 12142:"Venezuela's Supreme Court disqualifies opposition leader from running for president" 10156: 10118: 10060: 10025: 10013: 9972: 9880: 9860: 9743: 8823:[The monetary economy collapsed... Venezuela clamors for minimum wage hike]. 8766: 8651: 8639: 8022: 7961: 7937: 7932: 7908: 7896: 7853: 7841: 7429: 6829:

The Jewish community has shrunk in recent years due to rising economic pressures and

6718: 6691: 6548: 6339: 5728: 5564: 5433: 4722: 4709: 3958: 3816: 3764: 3704: 3512: 3468: 3333: 3154: 3142: 3067: 3027: 2969: 2860: 2488: 2354: 1957: 1811: 1728: 1723:

In the 16th century, during the Spanish colonization, indigenous peoples such as the

1683:

plantations. Many German colonists died from tropical diseases, to which they had no

1672: 1660: 1640: 1275: 1035: 1019: 905: 321: 177: 81: 23096: 21593: 19539: 18835: 18180: 13264:(in Spanish). Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador. 13092: 10008: 9991: 7915: 7813: 7406: 7140:, built between 1686 and completed in 1858, where is kept the colonial image of the 6004: 5419: 5149: 4919: 4519: 4342: 4072: 3906: 3250: 3141:

mean score of 8.78/10, ranking it 19th globally out of 172 countries. The country's

2645: 2501: 2473: 2465: 2195:(1964–69), substantial guerilla movements occurred. Most laid down their arms under 1979:, served 13 years, between 1870 and 1887, with three other presidents interspersed. 1875:

of homeland Spain in 1814 allowed a large expeditionary force to come under general

1446: 541: 23211: 23206: 23201: 23196: 22126: 21628: 21443: 20723: 20196:

Society and Economy in Venezuela: An Overview of the Bolivarian Period (1998-2018).

19674: 19525: 18815: 18713: 18631: 18000: 16917: 16822: 15807: 14903: 14893: 13072: 13004: 12994: 12819: 12803: 10052: 10003: 9962: 9954: 9852: 8631: 7927: 7888: 7825: 7697: 7639: 7581: 7503: 7309:

was also an educator and intellectual (He was also a childhood tutor and mentor of

7263: 7234: 7207: 7163:, a German-style town built in the 1840s to 1850s by German immigrants in Venezuela 7045:) and its Aula Magna. Other notable architectural works include the Capitolio, the 6893: 6873: 6679: 6645: 6621: 6500: 6468: 6365: 6263: 5971: 5904: 5628: 5550: 5426: 5391:'s decision to adopt its Anti-Corruption Convention and is actively working in the 5339: 5230: 5201: 4608: 4532: 4481: 4081: 3942: 3823: 3581:

The deep and narrow Andean valleys are very different from the wide depressions of

3475: 3285: 3098: 3015: 2852: 2758: 2661: 2657: 2092: 2064:(president 1945–1948 / 1959–1964), one of the major democratic leaders of Venezuela 2014: 1884: 1664: 1652: 1474: 1326: 1227: 824: 521: 356: 346: 341: 266: 61: 23641: 19512:"Venezuela, April 2002: Coup or Popular Rebellion? The Myth of a United Venezuela" 17567:"O impacto das migrações na constituição genética de populações latino-americanas" 17160: 16648:

Community Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Tourism: "Los Aleros" Merida, Venezuela

13900: 12636: 12472: 11508: 10236: 10198: 8635: 7748:"Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 (Mayo 2014)" 7514: 6616:

Immigrants, in addition to Spanish, speak their own languages. Chinese (400,000),

6344: 5841: 5736:. In 2006, the government's agency for combating illegal drug trade in Venezuela, 5720:

ranked Venezuela 99th out of 99 countries surveyed in its 2014 Rule of Law Index.

1313:

According to the most popular and accepted version, in 1499, an expedition led by

361: 351: 336: 23181: 22506: 22000: 21598: 21563: 21548: 20490: 20336: 20315: 20284: 20175: 20154: 20132: 20077: 19971: 19950: 19899: 19878: 19857: 19836: 19816: 19699: 19678: 19594: 19557: 18989: 18589: 18516: 18308: 18286: 18263: 17941: 17922: 17329: 17147: 16998: 16979: 16796: 16190: 15836: 15753: 14278:"El Supremo suspende la proclamación de tres diputados opositores y uno chavista" 13496: 13467: 13429: 13360: 13330: 12999: 12960: 12937: 12668:"Cybertruffle's Robigalia – Observations of fungi and their associated organisms" 12389: 11668:"Opponents slam Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro's election victory as a sham" 10467: 10448: 10395: 10359: 10337: 10318: 9785: 9426: 8826: 8720: 8703: 8685: 8265: 7379: 7238: 7114: 7094: 6819: 6795: 6687: 6683: 6202: 6090: 5923: 5802: 5670: 5538: 5514: 5510: 5395:

trade bloc to push increased trade and energy integration. Globally, it seeks a "

5235: 5183: 5047: 4780: 4380: 4329: 4162: 4117: 3973: 3926:, a special territory). Venezuela is further subdivided into 335 municipalities ( 3842:, whose magistrates are elected by parliament for a single twelve-year term. The 3457: 3325: 3273: 3269: 2754: 2505: 2334: 2246: 2208: 2022: 2010: 1908: 1628:, who was King of Spain and had borrowed heavily from them to pay bribes for his 1353:, a member of the Vespucci and Ojeda crew, gave a different account. In his work 1314: 1031: 1027: 425: 371: 366: 296: 276: 20743: 20558: 19426: 18560: 7492: 7306: 7219: 6833:, with the population declining from 22,000 in 1999 to less than 7,000 in 2015. 3637: 3486: 3343: 3257: 2915: 2765: 2140: 1490: 1301:

due to the lack of granular results, and disputed by the opposition, leading to

23047: 23037: 23032: 22803: 21686: 21583: 21366: 21111: 20758: 20733: 20448: 20384: 18920:

La tectónica en la obra de Carlos Raúl Villanueva: aproximación en tres tiempos

17682: 16883:"Exclusive: Harrowing Video Shows Starving Venezuelans Eating Garbage, Looting" 16451: 16239: 12807: 11548:"Hambre en Venezuela: El 15,7% de los venezolanos se ha alimentado de residuos" 11275: 11043:"Venezuela food shortages: 'No one can explain why a rich country has no food'" 9294:"Protests erupt in Venezuela as questions grow over strongman Maduro's victory" 8590: 8123:"Venezuelans warn of 'dictatorship' after officials block bid to recall Maduro" 7190: 7174: 7067: 7046: 6760: 6629: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6511: 6288: 6183: 6155: 5862: 5440: 5425:

Venezuela is involved in a long-standing disagreement about the control of the

5360:. In 2015, Venezuela was declared a national security threat by U.S. president 5076: 5060: 4288: 4180: 3954: 3950: 3798: 3566: 3464: 3309: 3051: 3019: 2956: 2799: 2769: 2613: 2399: 2196: 2181: 2057: 1994: 1944:. Venezuela remained part of Gran Colombia until 1830, when a rebellion led by 1872: 1620:

from 1528 to 1546. The Welsers were bankers to the Habsburgs and financiers of

1532: 1470: 1322: 1203: 1168: 1139: 1101: 386: 311: 306: 291: 286: 281: 22148: 19640: 18004: 16511: 15317: 14898: 14873: 13076: 12857:"The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance: Venezuela" 12225:"World leaders cast doubt on Maduro's claim of victory in Venezuelan election" 10483: 7472:, are among the more popular sports played in Venezuela. Venezuela hosted the 7275: 4461: 3234:

Brazo Casiquiare is unique in the world, as it is a natural derivation of the

2608: 2476:

was picked by Chavez as his successor, appointing him vice president in 2013.

2323: 2268: 23946: 23928: 23915: 23519: 22109: 22093: 21618: 21608: 21568: 21091: 20738: 20678: 20562: 20360: 18329: 17266: 16682: 16484: 16147:"UPDATE 1-Venezuela 2016 inflation hits 800 pct, GDP contracts nearly 19 pct" 16086: 15455: 15206: 15144:"Según el Cicpc el 2011 cerró con 1.150 secuestros en todo el país – Sucesos" 14698:"U.S. declares Venezuela a national security threat, sanctions top officials" 14179:"Por qué importan tanto los magistrados que designó el chavismo en Venezuela" 13084: 12941: 12815: 11580:"Man claims son was eaten by fellow inmates during riot in Venezuelan prison" 11516:"Thousands Of Venezuelans Cross Into Colombia In Search Of Food And Medicine" 11337: 11114:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: The Observatory of Economic Complexity

11082: 10977: 10832: 10414: 10231: 10148: 10122: 10064: 10017: 9958: 9864: 9567: 9207: 9077: 8959: 8749: 8643: 8026: 7900: 7879:

Corrales, Javier (2020). "Authoritarian Survival: Why Maduro Hasn't Fallen".

7845: 7837: 7394: 7386: 7375: 7160: 6881: 6823: 6803: 6799: 6659: 6641: 6198: 6159: 5779: 5357: 4765: 4628: 4456: 4279: 4225: 4207: 4198: 4063: 4018: 3997: 3989: 3977: 3783: 3768: 3545: 3362: 3265: 3235: 3223: 3176: 2896: 2825: 2685: 2677: 2350: 2222: 2006: 1916: 1876: 1740: 1613: 1609: 1581: 1577: 1486: 1294: 1156: 1155:

from the Spanish and to form part of the first federal Republic of Colombia (

1097: 1089: 1077: 952: 609: 224: 211: 164: 22521: 21948: 21533: 19156: 18461:"Siete médicos cubanos demandan a Cuba y Venezuela por "esclavitud moderna"" 17915: 14931: 12262: 12051:"A Knock, Then Gone: Venezuela Secretly Detains Hundreds to Silence Critics" 11116:. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 5 February 2019. Archived from 10090:

Schuyler, George W. (2001). "Health and Neoliberalism: Venezuela and Cuba".

6636:, and Caracas. Portuguese is spoken not only by the Portuguese community in 6417: 5687: 5406:

President Maduro among other Latin American leaders participating in a 2017

5133: 5081: 4362: 4189: 3066:. More than half of Venezuelan avian and mammalian species are found in the 2672:(CNE) announced partial results showing a narrow Maduro victory on 29 July, 2540:, and in 2015, had the world's highest inflation, surpassing 100%. In 2017, 2192: 2076:

He remained the most powerful man in Venezuela until his death in 1935. The

1788: 22620: 21666: 21588: 21096: 19901:

Brute New World: The Rediscovery of Latin America in the Early 19th Century

19838:

Georgia Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments

18827: 17708: 16973:

Venezuela Announces Daily 4-Hour Power Cuts Amid Drought : The Two-Way

16886: 15773: 13954:"Luisa Estela Morales afirma que la división de poderes debilita al Estado" 13018: 12833: 12694:

Georgia Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments

9976: 9778: 7465:(LVBP) in 1945, and the sport would soon become the nation's most popular. 6905: 6877: 6768: 6604: 6564: 6560: 6393: 6296: 6121: 5985: 5760:– A UN special rapporteur said in February 2024 after visiting the country. 5498: 5361: 5212: 5031: 5026: 4948: 4785: 4090: 3261: 3239: 2997: 2817: 2782:, large table-like mountains. The country's center is characterized by the 2627:

were reported. The report stated that security forces subjected victims to

2541: 2521: 2212: 2091:

In 1945, a civilian-military coup overthrew Medina Angarita and ushered in

1891:

regions. This republic was short-lived as only two years later, during the

1770:

and in a valley, in a mountain range, providing defensive strength against

1318: 1263: 1251: 451: 401: 20537: 17901:. U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from 16651:. Michigan State University. Department of Park and Recreation Resources. 14083:"La designación de magistrados del TSJ por la AN. ¿Fraude Constitucional?" 13897:"Dos mil 719 candidatos se disputarán los curules de la Asamblea Nacional" 13151:

The Piaroa, a People of the Orinoco Basin: A Study in Kinship and Marriage

9896:"A modern look at the petroleum geology of the Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela" 7892: 6952: 5402: 3492: 2515:

Venezuela devalued its currency in February 2013 due to rising shortages,

2306: 2018:

and in 1899 awarded the bulk of the disputed territory to British Guiana.

1982: 1608:

In the 16th century, the king of Spain granted a concession to the German

1557: 23499: 23439: 23379: 23127: 22995: 22793: 22702: 22424: 22363: 21925: 21921: 20693: 20265:

Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan

18520: 16609:

The Community Tourism Guide: Exciting Holidays for Responsible Travellers

15604: 14908: 14874:"The GeGaLo index: Geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition" 11964:(Press release). OAS – Organization of American States. 10 January 2019. 8845:

Venezuela's fall is considered to be mainly caused by the populist policy

7525: 7405:, cantos de pilado de maíz, cantos de lavanderas, sebucán, and maremare. 7267: 7242: 7223: 7082: 6993: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6818:

community are estimated around 60,000, and concentrated among persons of

6667: 6292: 6082: 5934: 5874: 5870: 5791: 5365: 3946: 3708: 3665: 3602: 3446: 3435: 3107: 3089: 3082: 2807: 2787: 2773: 2533: 2508:

were arrested. Human rights groups condemned the arrest of López. In the

1968: 1896: 1744: 1706: 504: 18302:

The Chavez Regime: Fostering Anti-Semitism and Supporting Radical Islam.

18061:

Venezuela – Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

17957: 16710:"Venezuela's black market rate for US dollars just jumped by almost 40%" 14020:"Venezuela protests are sign that US wants our oil, says Nicolás Maduro" 13187:

Affairs (U.S.), Institute of Inter-American; Peterson, Lyall E. (1946).

12169:"'Hard to believe': Venezuela election result met with suspicion abroad" 9943:"New World Orders: Continuities and Changes in Latin American Migration" 9805:(in Spanish). Consulado General de Venezuela en Canarias. Archived from 8620:

Smilde, David (14 September 2017). "Crime and Revolution in Venezuela".

6776: 6759:

According to a 2011 poll, 88% of the population is Christian, primarily

6370: 6231: 6124:

according to OPEC, 2013. Venezuela has the world's largest oil reserves.

5379:

trade proposal and the newly launched Latin American television network

3226:, the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Valencia, which forms an endorheic basin. 2887: 23419: 22595: 22511: 19972:"Chapter 10: The Syndrome of Economic Decline and the Quest for Change" 18861: 18356:"ADL Denounces Anti-Semitic Graffiti Sprayed on Synagogue in Venezuela" 18199:"Tariq Alaiseme [reportedly to be] vice-president of Venezuela" 12326: 12314: 10554: 9872: 8724: 7829: 7469: 7418: 7322: 7089: 7058: 6889: 6807: 6764: 6738: 6728: 6625: 6375: 6116: 6106: 6101:) approximately equal to the world's reserves of conventional oil. The 5110: 5042: 4385: 3805: 3621: 3417: 3397: 3393: 3339: 3296: 3204: 3200: 3039: 3001: 2750: 2713: 2674:

world leaders predominantly expressed skepticism of the claimed results

2561: 2250: 1736: 1680: 1452: 1432: 917: 463: 22816: 21623: 21578: 16480:"Venezuela's Bondholder Meeting Is a Bust as S&P Declares Default" 15482:"FCO travel advice mapped: the world according to Britain's diplomats" 14548:"Opositores denuncian 'ruptura del orden constitucional' en Venezuela" 13498:

Tesoros paleontológicos de Venezuela: el cuaternario del Estado Falcón

12261:(in Spanish). Organization of American States. 30 July 2024. Wikidata 11303:"With executive order, Trump imposes new round of Venezuela sanctions" 8244:

This ruling is the end of Maduro administration's façade of democracy.

5840:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

5094: 4979: 4742: 4570: 4423: 4108: 4054: 3922:) corresponding to the city of Caracas, and the Federal Dependencies ( 2844: 23726: 23449: 23374: 23297: 23257: 23232: 22903: 22353: 22224: 22017: 21896: 21101: 20608: 20342: 19400:"Copa America: a new cycle begins and the revolving calendar remains" 18326:"Jewish leaders condemn police raid on community center in Venezuela" 17737:"Secret Canaries: Explore these warm volcanic islands all year round" 17493:"El 90% de los venezolanos que se van tienen formación universitaria" 16538:"IMF projects Venezuela inflation will hit 1,000,000 percent in 2018" 16205:"Venezuela: Does an increase in poverty signal threat to government?" 16063:"Venezuela: Gold Returns to the Country, The Euphoria in the Streets" 14871: 14578:"Venezuela es una dictadura que no representa la división de poderes" 11655:

from the original on 10 January 2022 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.

9073:"Venezuela's Economy Was the Worst Performing of 2016, IMF Estimates" 7499: 7414: 7199: 7145: 6523: 6519: 6308: 6179: 6098: 6022: 5878: 5723:

This corruption is shown with Venezuela's significant involvement in

4958: 4895: 4727: 4689: 3831: 3760: 3561: 3409: 3401: 3374: 3366: 3354: 3329: 3321: 3245: 3208: 3126: 2907: 2537: 2362: 2149: 2069: 1767: 1762:

in the early 18th century, and was then reorganized as an autonomous

1644: 1636: 1282:. The crisis in Venezuela has contributed to a rapidly deteriorating 1081: 21573: 18819: 18743:"Human Development Report 2009 – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)" 14754:"Amid deteriorating relations, Washington turns screws on Venezuela" 13899:(in Spanish). Venezolana de Televisión. 10 June 2010. Archived from 10460: 9856: 9492: 9463: 8405:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Venezuela)" 7417:, and has received several honors. The orchestra is the pinnacle of 6397: 5196: 5115: 4704: 4537: 4135: 3677: 3408:. The depression contains lagoons and lakes, among which is that of 2880: 2638:

Protesters in Caracas fighting against the public forces during the

2005:, sought to argue that British behavior over the issue violated the 2001:. The dispute became a diplomatic crisis when Venezuela's lobbyist, 1597: 23888: 23751: 23741: 23705: 23509: 23484: 23464: 23424: 23414: 23384: 23307: 23277: 22970: 22950: 22918: 22847: 22560: 22343: 22239: 22198: 22062: 22052: 22037: 21558: 20748: 20547: 20222:

Straka, Tomás, Guillermo Guzmán Mirabal, and Alejandro E. Cáceres.

18717: 18086: 17188:"What the future for extra heavy oil and bitumen: the Orinoco case" 16414:"Venezuela 2016 inflation hits 800 percent, GDP shrinks 19 percent" 16035: 14308:"Maduro pide al TSJ declarar 'inconstitucional' la Ley de Amnistía" 13061: 13040: 12972: 11583: 10707: 10484:"From riches to rags: Venezuela's economic crisis: The Big Picture" 9481:"Little Venice"; additionally the etymology of the name "Venezuela" 9266: 9235: 9050: 9023: 8332: 7627:

Venezuela has been described as a dictatorship by multiple sources.

6791: 6568: 6429: 6076:

Venezuela's exports of crude oil from January 2018 to December 2019

6050: 5965: 5866: 5456: 5392: 5286: 5178: 4997: 4633: 4552: 4261: 4144: 3707:, the Médanos de Capanaparo in the Santos Luzardo National Park in 3617: 3413: 3277: 3150: 3118: 3059: 2993: 2791: 2420: 2358: 2263: 2219:, in which he only recognized elected governments by popular vote. 1724: 1717: 1494: 1270:, severe crime and corruption. These factors have precipitated the 1200: 1172: 1160: 1105: 947: 38: 15118:"Venezuela: Gravísima Crisis de Seguridad Pública by Lexys Rendon" 12633:"State of Venezuela's forests: A case study of the Guayana Region" 11765:"Russia and key allies vow to stand by Maduro in Venezuela crisis" 11644:"Venezuela's Nicolas Maduro bans opposition parties from election" 10515:"Opinion | Latin-America's worst-ever refugee crisis: Venezuelans" 9947:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

8955:"Venezuela's 2018 Inflation to Hit 1.37 Million Percent, IMF Says" 8188:"Venezuela's Maduro decried as 'dictator' after Congress annulled" 7618:

Venezuela has been described as authoritarian by multiple sources.

7402: 6389: 5899: 3077: 1758:

from the early 16th century, most of Venezuela became part of the

1369:

Thus, the name "Venezuela" may have evolved from the native word.

23761: 23746: 23695: 23524: 23469: 23444: 23434: 23394: 23292: 23287: 23267: 23227: 22955: 22923: 22908: 22676: 22666: 22640: 22625: 22600: 22585: 22555: 22550: 22545: 22348: 22333: 22244: 22203: 22193: 22067: 22042: 22022: 21633: 21603: 21501: 20483: 19096: 19094: 19092: 18994:(in Spanish). Sociedad Guipuzcoana de Ediciones y Publicaciones. 18435:"Cabildo Metropolitano evaluará funcionamiento de Barrio Adentro" 17404: 16854: 15056:"Global homicide rates drop, but nearly 500,000 murdered in 2012" 11703:"EU countries recognise Juan Guaidó as interim Venezuelan leader" 11486:"Venezuela decrees 'economic emergency,' reveals depth of crisis" 11370: 11333:"Dollars Are Out, Euros Are In as U.S. Sanctions Sting Venezuela" 11178: 9520:"Albtraum von Eldorado: Als die Welser über Venezuela herrschten" 8926: 8516: 8192: 7398: 7074: 7070:, until 1810, when the process of Venezuelan independence began. 6925: 6909: 6901: 6897: 6811: 6633: 6544: 6304: 6187: 6094: 5908: 5380: 5246: 5162: 5099: 5008: 4903: 4885: 4671: 4666: 4646: 4499: 4443: 4418: 4216: 4126: 3981: 3969: 3696: 3652: 3605:

valleys are another category this area is called the Lost World (

3590: 3574: 3570: 3389: 3382: 3358: 3122: 3011: 2981: 2906:

The highest temperature recorded was 42 °C (108 °F) in

2840: 2730: 2230: 1963: 1941: 1937: 1883:

on the territory still controlled by the patriots, mainly in the

1832: 1802:

After unsuccessful uprisings, Venezuela, under the leadership of

1701: 1498: 1093: 499: 203: 20079:

Juan Vicente Gómez and the Oil Companies in Venezuela, 1908–1935

19952:

Baseball beyond Borders: From Distant Lands to the Major Leagues

19580:

The Invention of the National in Venezuelan Art Music, 1920–1960

19295:

Living politics, making music : the writings of Jan Fairley

14608:"Jefe de la OEA estudia invocar Carta Democrática por Venezuela" 12223:

Schmidt, Samantha; Sands, Leo; Herrero, Vanessa (29 July 2024).

8888:"Fuel subsidies have contributed to Venezuela's economic crisis" 8745:"Venezuelans' Quality of Life Improved in UN Index Under Chavez" 7958:

Autocracy Rising: How Venezuela Transitioned to Authoritarianism

5399:" world based on strengthened ties among undeveloped countries. 2835:

to the east, and Brazil to the south. Caribbean islands such as

2291: 23731: 23700: 23479: 23474: 23454: 23404: 23399: 23389: 23282: 23237: 22990: 22960: 22913: 22671: 22580: 22575: 22270: 22265: 22229: 22088: 22047: 22027: 21991: 21853: 21543: 20532: 19427:"Pastor Maldonado: Does 'Crashtor' deserve his bad reputation?" 18535:"El 80% de los módulos de Barrio Adentro del país está cerrado" 18160:"As crisis deepens, more Venezuelans are emigrating to Lebanon" 17520:"Poblaciones Indígenas en aumento según censo poblacional 2011" 17206: 14398:"Prorroga del Decreto Emergencia Económica es inconstitucional" 14338:"Decreto de emergencia económica no puede pasar del 12 de mayo" 12580: 12578: 12576: 11878:"Russia Starts to Worry Maduro's Grip Is Slipping in Venezuela" 11174:"Under military rule, Venezuela oil workers quit in a stampede" 10673:"Nicolás Maduro narrowly wins Venezuelan presidential election" 10362:. Economist.com (23 February 2013). Retrieved on 20 April 2013. 10287:"Minister: 2002–2003 strike cost PDVSA US$ 12.8bn – BNamericas" 9493:"The Court and the Jungle: Integrating Narratives of Privilege" 9046:"Venezuela shuts border with Colombia as cash crisis escalates" 8697:

Venezuela Leads Region in Poverty Reduction in 2012, ECLAC Says

7390: 7015: 6783: 6425: 6405: 5733: 5348: 5167: 4438: 4270: 4252: 4153: 3884: 3778:

The Venezuelan president is elected by a vote, with direct and

3685: 3613: 3582: 3538: 3378: 3063: 3055: 3047: 3035: 2832: 2813: 1888: 1771: 1676: 1563: 1527: 1522: 1506: 1426: 1330: 1117: 1109: 22393: 19089: 14116:"Designaciones de magistrados son un fraude a la Constitución" 11666:

Charner, Flora; Newton, Paula; Gallón, Natalie (21 May 2018).

11036: 11034: 10973:"Venezuela Seen Handing Congress to Opposition in Sunday Vote" 10736:"Venezuelan opposition challenges Nicolás Maduro's legitimacy" 10321:. Aljazeera.com (9 February 2013). Retrieved on 20 April 2013. 7807: 7805: 7011: 6413: 6109:, and includes the Guri Dam, one of the largest in the world. 6040:

Empty shelves in a store in Venezuela due to shortages in 2014

5930: 3968:

runs parallel to the coast and includes the hills surrounding

3624:

production and all the traditions linked to these activities.

3396:

is, to a large extent, flanked by sedimentary layers from the

1922: 1911:

helped seal Venezuelan independence with their victory in the

1750:

Spain's eastern Venezuelan settlements were incorporated into

23736: 23459: 23409: 23272: 23252: 23247: 23242: 22945: 22681: 22650: 22635: 22630: 22615: 22590: 22565: 22234: 22032: 21638: 21538: 21195: 21141: 19476:"Fencer Ruben Limardo returns to hero's welcome in Venezuela" 19106: 18682: 18374: 16353:"Facing shortages, Venezuela takes over toilet paper factory" 16297:"Venezuela seizes warehouses packed with medical goods, food" 14843:"Venezuela says it will quit Organization of American States" 13193:. Institute of Inter-American Affairs, Food Supply Division. 12247: 12199:"Leaders across Americas react to Venezuela election results" 11795:"Russia, Turkey, China denounce US interference in Venezuela" 11142:"Workers Flee and Thieves Loot Venezuela's Reeling Oil Giant" 6815: 6787: 6572: 6527: 6435:

According to an autosomal DNA study conducted in 2008 by the

6421: 6401: 6353: 5570:

Murder rate (murder per 100,000 citizens) from 1998 to 2018.

5217: 5013: 4963: 4684: 4400: 4045: 4036: 3972:; the Eastern Range, separated from the Central Range by the 3594: 3482: 3192: 3187:

Venezuela was one of the few countries that did not enter an

2848: 2778: 2525: 2395: 2385:. In April 2002, Chávez was briefly ousted from power in the 2169: 1510: 581: 20131:

Nichols, Elizabeth Gackstetter; Morse, Kimberley J. (2010).

20038:; Eduardo, Sanabria (2018). "La democracia pierde energía". 19680:

The magical state: nature, money, and modernity in Venezuela

19365: 19311: 18628:"Mastectomies on the rise in Venezuela amid economic crisis" 16850:"In shortages-hit Venezuela, lining up becomes a profession" 16001:"Is socialism to blame for Venezuela's never-ending crisis?" 15879:"Venezuela's election: More Maduro or a new democratic era?" 14813:"Venezuela to withdraw from OAS as deadly protests continue" 13956:(in Spanish). El Informador. 5 December 2009. Archived from 12631:

Bevilacqua, M; Cardenas, L; Flores, AL; et al. (2002).

12573: 12082:"Enforced Disappearance Tool Political Repression Venezuela" 8987:"IMF sees Venezuela inflation at 10 million percent in 2019" 7812:

Isidoro Losada, Ana María; Bitar Deeb, Rita (January 2022).

6928:

was prevalent in approximately 30% of the adult population.

6262:

The electricity sector in Venezuela is heavily dependent on

3934:). The states are grouped into nine administrative regions ( 2695:

of the announcement of results by the election authorities,

1997:

and Venezuela saw as Venezuelan territory, erupted into the

1096:. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the 23756: 23489: 23262: 22965: 22605: 22570: 22338: 22312: 22208: 22057: 17869:"Latin America Offers 'New World' to East Europe Emigrants" 16418: 16082:"Venezuela Ogles Chavez's Hidden Billions as Reserves Sink" 15849:"Venezuela: Where The Mafia And The Military Come Together" 12975:"Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems" 12284: 11240:"Recession-hit Venezuela vows New Year reforms, foes scoff" 11031: 10703:"Venezuela audit confirms Nicolas Maduro electoral victory" 10410:"How Venezuela Got No Dollars From $ 65 Billion Bond Sales" 9681: 9679: 9138:"Venezuela Issues New Bank Notes Because of Hyperinflation" 9136:

Herrero, Ana Vanessa; Malkin, Elisabeth (16 January 2017).

7802: 7672: 7666: 7654: 7648: 7230: 7078: 6409: 6182:) and sea (with major seaports at La Guaira, Maracaibo and 5889: 5665:

and human rights defenders by the government. In 2006, the

5452: 5407: 5290: 3405: 3385:

rocks, with underlying layers of sandstone and shale clay.

3353:

The relief of Venezuela has the following characteristics:

3031: 2972:; large portions of the country were originally covered by 1047:

Area totals include only Venezuelan-administered territory.

940: 23868:

Initiative for Infrastructure Integration of South America

20018:

The Venezuela Reader: The Building of a People's Democracy

19621:

Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin America

19382: 19380: 19328: 19326: 18409:"Barrio adentro a look at the origins of a social mission" 18382:"Health Care for All: Venezuela's Health Missions at Work" 17891: 17218: 17081:"Venezuela – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)" 16165: 11989:"Trump announces total economic embargo against Venezuela" 11903:"China's Venezuela Policy Is Losing Popularity – in China" 10864:"Venezuela's Lopez says ready for arrest at Tuesday march" 9821: 7814:"Introduction: Authoritarianism and Violence in Venezuela" 6432:; the remaining 9% consisted of other Indigenous nations. 6360:

was excluded from the answers. The majority claimed to be

3938:), which were established in 1969 by presidential decree. 3172: 2377:. Following Chávez's election, Venezuela developed into a 1727:, themselves descendants of the Kalina, were converted to 1694: 23348: 21484: 18801:"Capacity building: Architects of South American science" 17017: 17013:"Venezuela: 75% of population lost 19 pounds amid crisis" 15512:"Venezuelan Soap Star Monica Spear Slain with Ex-Husband" 13766:

Apure: diagnostico y estrategias de desarrollo fronterizo

12411:. Library of Congress (Federal Research Division). 2005. 11459:"Venezuela crisis: How the political situation escalated" 11364:

Wroughton, Lesley; Ellsworth, Brian (25 September 2018).

10828:"Venezuela Inflation Hits 16-Year High as Shortages Rise" 9615:"April 19, 1810: Venezuela's Declaration of Independence" 9291: 8689: 5768: 5298:

a day after the parliamentary elections, contrary to the

3930:); these are subdivided into over one thousand parishes ( 3102:), the national flower. Venezuela's national tree is the 2623:

that occurred in 2018–19. 724 enforced disappearances of

1848:, retaking most of the territory and being proclaimed as 964: 19355: 19353: 19079: 19077: 18134: 18132: 17438:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

17409:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

16823:"Why are Venezuelans posting pictures of empty shelves?" 16384:"Update – S&P cuts Venezuela debt rating to B-minus" 13873:(in Spanish). Consejo Nacional Electoral. Archived from 12781: 12630: 11366:"U.S. sanctions Venezuela officials, Trump slams Maduro" 11002: 11000: 10340:. Ft.com (12 February 2013). Retrieved on 20 April 2013. 10267: 9676: 9384: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9105:"Chamber of Commerce: 80% of Venezuelans are in poverty" 8679:

Chavez leaves Venezuelan economy more equal, less stable

7811: 5577:

UN line between 2007 and 2012 is simulated missing data.

3504:

The unique relief of this area finds its origins in the

2402:

before and during the strike led to the reimposition of

2330:

to write a new Constitution. The Revolution refers to a

2322:

A collapse in confidence in the existing parties led to

2080:

dictatorship (1935–1945) system largely continued under

1840:, new leader of the independentist forces, launched his 1647:

in 1529. After the deaths of first Ehinger (1533), then

1262:, unemployment, poverty, disease, high child mortality, 19976:

The Unraveling of Representative Democracy in Venezuela

19377: 19323: 19244:"El jazz es el lenguaje universal de la música popular" 19171: 18798: 18604:

Guardian. 25 October 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2006.

18216: 17769:"Tale of Two Travellers: The two sides of the Canaries" 17046:"Fotos: Escasez de gasolina se agudiza en Barquisimeto" 15830:

World Drug Report 2010 Statistical Annex: Drug seizures

13802:

Hidrocarburos, Venezuela Ministerio de Minas e (1962).

13258:

Cárdenas, Antonio Luis; Castillo, Rubén Carpio (2000).

13190:

The Lake Valencia Region in Venezuela: A Special Report

11609:

Casey, Nicholas; Herrero, Ana Vanessa (1 August 2017).

11484:

Cawthorne, Andrew; Ulmer, Alexandra (15 January 2016).

10640:

Naranjo, Andrew Cawthorne and Mario (9 December 2012).

10470:. Venezuelablog.tumblr.com. Retrieved on 20 April 2013. 9922: 9633: 9566:(in Spanish). Universidad Nueva Esparta. Archived from 9311: 8850: 8261:"It's official: Venezuela is a full-blown dictatorship" 6662:. Culturally, English is common in southern towns like 6166:

Venezuela is connected to the world primarily via air (

3793:

The president may ask the National Assembly to pass an

3560:

The valleys are undoubtedly the most important type of

1246:. Venezuela is a developing country having the world's 187:

Territory controlled by Venezuela shown in dark green;

26:

This article is about the country. For other uses, see

17830: 17828: 17294:"China Railway Group's project in Venezuela hits snag" 17230: 16914:"As hunger mounts, Venezuelans turn to trash for food" 15941:"Concern grows as Venezuela blocks election observers" 14149:"Designación de magistrados obvió fase de impugnación" 13701:(in Spanish). Instituto de Cultura del Estado Falcón. 13361:"Organic Geochemistry of the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela" 13186: 12931:

Carbon Markets Are Making a Slow, But Steady, Comeback

7872: 7547:

and has a capacity of approximately 40,000 spectators.

6612:

studies the development of the Spanish in the country.

5364:. Correspondingly, ties to various Latin American and 5322:

sanctions for non-compliance to its own constitution.

5263: 4004:

to try to resolve the issue, without success to date.

3949:, a mountainous tract in the northwest, holds several 2409:

Chávez survived further political tests, including an

2394:, including a strike/lockout in the state oil company 1222:

that continues to this day. Venezuela has experienced

23126: 19450:"Formula 1 needs more attention in the United States" 19350: 19074: 18737: 18735: 18175: 18173: 18129: 18105:"Informe Sociográfico sobre la religión en Venezuela" 17944:. INE (23 February 2012). Retrieved on 16 April 2012. 17248: 16767:"La escasez también frena tratamientos contra cáncer" 12427: 12048:

Turkewitz, Julie; Kurmanaev, Anatoly (19 June 2020).

10997: 10255: 10041:"The rise and fall and rise of populism in Venezuela" 9451: 9373: 9361: 9323: 9231:"Venezuela just defaulted, moving deeper into crisis" 8742:

Charlie Devereux & Raymond Colitt. 7 March 2013.

7681: 7663: 7660: 7651: 7642: 3996:. The Orinoco Delta, which forms a triangle covering 2772:

contain the northern fringes of the Amazon Basin and

2337:

and political process led by Chávez, who founded the

1056:

On 1 October 2021, a new bolivar was introduced, the

23988:

Member states of the Union of South American Nations

23616:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

19338: 18384:. Venezuela Information Office. 2007. Archived from 17185: 15772:

e.V., Transparency International (31 January 2023).

15543:"German tourist, 76, shot dead on Venezuelan island" 15262:"Venezuela's decline fuelled by plunging oil prices" 14638:"Venezuela 'coup': Alarm grows as court takes power" 13564:

Primer libro de geografía de Venezuela según Codazzi

13469:

Las Microfacies Del Cretaceo de Venezuela Occidental

13222:(in Spanish). FACES-UCV, División de Publicaciones. 12346: 11852:"China Counts the Costs of Its Big Bet on Venezuela" 11762: 11734:"Mexico stays neutral in Venezuela political crisis" 11238:

Pons, Corina; Cawthorne, Andrew (30 December 2014).

10912:"Sebin se lleva detenido al alcalde Antonio Ledezma" 10642:"FACTBOX – Chavez's chosen successor Nicolas Maduro" 9518:

Ulrich Zwack, Bayerischer Rundfunk (5 August 2015).

9349: 7669: 7645: 7571: 5368:

countries not allied to the U.S. have strengthened.

3117:

Venezuela is among the top 20 countries in terms of

2798:

of the country; it originates in one of the largest

2345:

in 2007. The "Bolivarian Revolution" is named after

23671: 20540:

from the Library of Congress Country Studies (1990)

20366:

The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power

18857:"Deserción escolar se ubica en 58% en todo el país" 18607: 17825: 17464:"Venezuela agobiada por la fuga masiva de cerebros" 16739:Dulaney, Chelsey; Vyas, Kejal (16 September 2014). 16119:(in Spanish). BCV. 18 February 2016. Archived from 15432:. United States Department of State. Archived from 15406:. United States Department of State. Archived from 15290:. United States Department of State. Archived from 14668:"Venezuela: Supreme court backtracks on powers bid" 14143: 14141: 13762: 12626: 12624: 12222: 11665: 11611:"Jailings Raise Fears of Dictatorship in Venezuela" 11398:"Venezuela's economic nightmare takes an ugly turn" 11271:"Looking Into the Black Box of Venezuela's Economy" 11072: 11070: 11068: 10862:Wallis, Daniel; Chinea, Eyanir (16 February 2014). 10442:"Chávez Dies, Leaving Sharp Divisions in Venezuela" 10331:"The bill for years of mismanagement is coming due" 10155:. Caracas, Venezuela: Editorial Alfa. p. 109. 9582: 8583:"The Legacy of Hugo Chavez and a Failing Venezuela" 8221: 7986:

David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies

7657: 7474:

2012 Basketball World Olympic Qualifying Tournament

3883:La Casona presidential residence in Caracas, now a 2729:. The territory it controls lies between latitudes 2487:after Chavez' death, with 51% of the vote, against 2199:'s first presidency (1969–74). Caldera had won the 1956:), which by 1830, was estimated at 800,000. In the 20102: 19727: 19618: 18888:"Deserción escolar alcanza el 58% en todo el país" 18770:"Venezuela's Best and Brightest Camp on Sidewalks" 18732: 18280:S. Fla. Venezuelans: Chavez incites anti-Semitism. 18170: 17735: 17487: 17485: 16944:"Mangoes fill the gaps in Venezuela's food crisis" 16566: 16447:"Venezuela's Awful Economy Got Even Worse in 2016" 15316:. Uk.reuters.com. 14 November 2008. Archived from 15202:"Miss Venezuela's Murder Is the Price of Politics" 14284:(in Spanish). Unidad Editorial. 31 December 2015. 14253: 14243: 14077: 14075: 12439: 12354: 12049: 12047: 11850: 11642: 11429:"Venezuelan Oil Dynamics: Why The Protests Matter" 11363: 11140: 11139:Neuman, William; Krauss, Clifford (14 June 2018). 10765:Minaya, Ezequiel; Vyas, Kejal (23 February 2014). 10583:"Venezuela's Misery Fuels Migration on Epic Scale" 10581:Forero, Juan; Protti, Tommaso (13 February 2018). 9594: 8030: 6992:By 2018, over half of all Venezuelan children had 5453:Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America 3222:The country is made up of three river basins: the 3088:Among plants of Venezuela, over 25,000 species of 1572:In 1498, during his third voyage to the Americas, 20059:Venezuela: A Petro-State Using Renewable Energies 19974:. In McCoy, Jennifer L.; Myers, David J. (eds.). 19062: 17352:. World Resources Institute. 2003. Archived from 17141:Venezuela oil reserves topped Saudis in 2010:OPEC 17001:. NPR (27 April 2016). Retrieved on 15 June 2016. 16982:. NPR (22 April 2016). Retrieved on 15 June 2016. 16732: 16678:"Venezuela's currency: The not-so-strong bolívar" 16672: 16670: 16478:Bartenstein, Ben; et al. (1 November 2017). 14239: 14237: 13989:"Protestas aumentan 278% en primer semestre 2014" 13105:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 12896:. World Resources Institute. 2003. Archived from 12216: 11007:Minaya, Ezequiel; Vyas, Kejal (9 February 2013). 9940: 9394: 8182: 8180: 8178: 7922:"The Path Toward Authoritarianism in Venezuela", 6771:(in Latin America Protestants are usually called 6674:immigrants, they are collectively referred to as 6045:hours and sometimes do without certain products. 3815:The voting age in Venezuela is 18. Voting is not 2579:and controversial second term on 10 January 2019. 23944: 20230:Tarver, H. Michael; Frederick, Julia C. (2006). 19701:Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia 19193:. Turpial Travel & Adventure. Archived from 17835:Padilla, Beatriz; Peixoto, Joāo (28 June 2007). 17436:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 16785: 15314:"Crime threatens Chavez vote in Venezuela slums" 14488:"La dictadura venezolana reafirma su naturaleza" 14206: 14204: 14138: 13981: 13257: 12621: 11876:Meyer, Henry; Arkhipov, Ilya (6 February 2019). 11701:Jones, Sam; Wintour, Patrick (4 February 2019). 11065: 10857: 10855: 10671:Watts, Virginia Lopez Jonathan (15 April 2013). 10083: 9839: 8915: 8913: 7742: 7740: 7738: 6682:is spoken by a small community in El Callao and 6575:which are mostly in the southeast of Venezuela. 6057: 6031:economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro government 3988:includes all of Venezuela's island possessions: 2921: 2421:Bolivarian government under Maduro: 2013–present 1929:, the beginning of Venezuela's independence, by 1830:, together with the rebellion of the Venezuelan 1777: 22178: 20447: 20229: 19418: 19100: 18703: 18110:(in Spanish). El Centro Gumilla. Archived from 17837:"Latin American Immigration to Southern Europe" 17517: 17482: 16184:"The Millennium Development Goals Report 2011". 15632:"World Report 2017: Rights Trends in Venezuela" 15171:"Beauty queen's killers nabbed, Venezuela says" 14110: 14108: 14072: 13733: 13331:"The Water Balance of the Lake Maracaibo Basin" 12863:. Ramsar Convention Secretariat. Archived from 11268: 10971:Rosati, Andrew; Soto, Noris (6 December 2015). 10797:"Venezuelans protest en masse in rival rallies" 10734:Carroll, Rory; Lopez, Virginia (9 March 2013). 10378:. Businessweek.com. Retrieved on 20 April 2013. 10370: 10368: 10312:"Venezuela devalues currency against US dollar" 8858:"World Report 2022: Rights Trends in Venezuela" 8753:. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014 8554:World Urbanization Prospects: The 1999 Revision 7949: 3565:basins of the Llanos and the depression of the 3203:in the northern regions of the country and the 2277:second coup d'état attempt occurred in November 662:916,445 km (353,841 sq mi) ( 23611:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance 20034: 19777:Dydynski, Krzysztof; Beech, Charlotte (2004). 19242:Fernández B., María Gabriela (14 March 2015). 19217:"Rock and MAU sonará bajo las nubes de Calder" 18947:Venezuela: 1498-1728: Conquista y urbanización 17952: 17950: 17862: 17860: 17858: 17834: 17796: 17794: 16793:"Venezuela sufre escasez de prótesis mamarias" 16667: 16444: 16080:Pons, Corina; Corina, Nathan (9 August 2013). 14234: 12160: 11483: 10230:The coup installed chamber of commerce leader 9773: 9771: 8258: 8175: 8056:"Venezuela: The Rise and Fall of a Petrostate" 8004: 5307:Supreme Court to declare it unconstitutional. 5285:has accused the protest of being motivated by 4000:, projects northeast into the Atlantic Ocean. 3953:and valleys. East of it are lowlands abutting 3589:, or from the valleys nestled in the Mesas de 2891:Venezuela map of Köppen climate classification 2688:from a majority of polling centers as proof. 2552:. Since 2014, roughly 5.6 million people have 1971:(1859–63). In the latter half of the century, 23657: 23334: 23112: 22832: 22409: 22297: 22164: 21977: 21953: 21879: 21470: 20624: 19814: 19776: 19478:. NBC Olympics. 7 August 2012. Archived from 19112: 18143:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKhalifa2013 ( 17461: 15938: 15901: 15253: 15014: 15012: 14978: 14976: 14201: 13805:Memoria - Ministerio de Minas e Hidrocarburos 13801: 12944:(8 December 2015). Retrieved on 15 June 2016. 12584: 12191: 11875: 11237: 10852: 10478: 10476: 10193: 10191: 10180:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarquez2018 ( 9894:Stauffer, Karl W.; Croft, Gregory D. (1995). 9893: 9135: 8910: 8541: 8539: 8254: 8252: 8217: 8215: 8054:Roy, Diana; Cheatham, Amelia (31 July 2024). 7735: 6027:economic policy of the Hugo Chávez government 5591:Number of kidnappings in Venezuela 1989–2011. 5477:National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela 3195:. Many terrestrial ecosystems are considered 2310:Chávez with fellow South American presidents 2292:Bolivarian government under Chávez: 1999–2013 1806:, a Venezuelan marshal who had fought in the 1395: 1387: 1381: 1373: 1354: 1342: 1337:, or "Little Venice". The Spanish version of 123: 53: 22131:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 20156:Labor Versus Empire: Race, Gender, Migration 20130: 19402:. CONMEBOL. 21 December 2007. Archived from 19371: 19317: 19270:The Garland Handbook of Latin American Music 19241: 19129:(in Spanish). TalCualDigital. Archived from 18098: 18096: 17767:Ross, Ben; Calder, Simon (5 December 2009). 17657:"Facts About Venezuela for Spanish Students" 17522:(in Spanish). PRENSA MINPPPI. Archived from 17457: 17455: 17423: 17251:"Venezuela 2001–2004: actores y estrategias" 16841: 16567:Brushaber, Susan; Greenberg, Arnold (1997). 16327:"Venezuela to nationalize food distribution" 16227: 15367: 15365: 15086:"SeguridadPúblicayPrivada VenezuelayBolivia" 14105: 13428:Sojo, Raúl; Castillo, Horacio Biord (2009). 13427: 12966: 12887:"Biodiversity and Protected Areas—Venezuela" 12400: 12398: 12292:"Informacion de Centros y mesas de votacion" 11986: 11700: 11608: 11138: 10861: 10733: 10580: 10365: 10348: 10346: 9845:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 9517: 9335: 8919: 8506: 8504: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8092:"Venezuela's Odd Transition to Dictatorship" 7926:, Oxford University Press, 30 October 2019, 7621: 5790:A part of the Venezuelan economy depends on 2776:, the world's highest waterfall, as well as 2095:(1945–1948) under the mass membership party 1986:The signing of Venezuela's independence, by 1616:became the most extensive initiative in the 23580:Inter-American Telecommunication Commission 22896: 21993:Countries and dependencies of South America 20040:Historieta de Venezuela: De Macuro a Maduro 19267: 18675: 18650: 18485: 18479: 17947: 17855: 17791: 17075: 17073: 16738: 16477: 16196: 16144: 15597: 15340:"14 Killed in Caracas anti-crime operation" 14244:Lansberg-Rodriguez, Daniel (2 April 2017). 13834:Venezuela en la magia, el mito y la leyenda 12635:. World Resources Institute. Archived from 11262: 9768: 8695:Beeton, Dan; Joe Sammut (6 December 2013). 8224:"Venezuela's crumbling façade of democracy" 8053: 7541:Monumental Stadium of Caracas Simón Bolívar 7343:The Guanaguanare dance, a popular dance in 6551:are estimated to be living in the country. 3891: 23998:States and territories established in 1811 23993:Spanish-speaking countries and territories 23664: 23650: 23341: 23327: 23119: 23105: 22839: 22825: 22446: 22416: 22402: 22304: 22290: 22171: 22157: 21984: 21970: 21886: 21872: 21477: 21463: 20631: 20617: 20015: 19969: 19841:. Int'l Business Publications, USA. 2013. 19424: 18595: 18527: 18348: 18210: 17986: 17766: 17572:. Universidade de Brasília. Archived from 17379:"Cuadro Magnitud y Estructura Demográfica" 16171: 16079: 15458:. Government of Canada. 16 November 2012. 15110: 15009: 14973: 14788:. Frost & Sullivan. 1999. p. 34. 13495:Socorro, Orangel Antonio Aguilera (2006). 12449:. gobiernoenlinea.ve. 2009. Archived from 11651:. Agence France-Presse. 11 December 2017. 11006: 10970: 10767:"Protesters in Venezuela Press Government" 10764: 10695: 10542: 10473: 10273: 10188: 10169: 9989: 8536: 8249: 8212: 8120: 7478:2013 FIBA Basketball Americas Championship 4314: 3714: 3481:The Venezuelan Andes, part of the broader 2472:Poverty began to increase into the 2010s. 2249:, in which Venezuela's income exploded as 1594:Spain's colonization of mainland Venezuela 1010:Some important subgroups include those of 991: 176: 163: 23575:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 23565:Secretariat for Multidimensional Security 22799:Union of Arab National Olympic Committees 20571:Maps on Venezuela – Cartographic features 20455:The Modern History of Venezuela (9 parts) 19880:Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution 19529: 19041: 19014: 18987: 18970: 18944:Lucca, Rafael Arráiz (15 February 2016). 18486:Vinogradoff, Ludmila (13 November 2014). 18314:, 6 November 2006. Accessed 3 April 2008. 18093: 18034:"What Languages Are Spoken in Venezuela?" 17626:"Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social" 17565:Godinho, Neide Maria de Oliveira (2008). 17462:Maria Delgado, Antonio (28 August 2014). 17452: 17343:"Coastal and Marine Ecosystems—Venezuela" 17186:Bauquis, Pierre-René (16 February 2006). 17004: 16880: 16847: 16294: 16202: 15573:"20 killed in Venezuelan prison violence" 15540: 15362: 14946: 14907: 14897: 13837:(in Spanish). Editorial Guaraira Repano. 13358: 13008: 12998: 12963:. .unfccc.int. Retrieved on 15 June 2016. 12823: 12757:"Fungi of Venezuela – potential endemics" 12395: 12296:resultadospresidencialesvenezuela2024.com 12118:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 June 2023. 11207:"Maduro Wrecked Venezuela's Oil Industry" 10825: 10615:"Hugo Chávez and the Future of Venezuela" 10574: 10343: 10007: 9966: 9833: 9735: 9228: 9043: 9016: 8501: 8390: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8013:"What Happened to Venezuela's Democracy?" 8010: 7931: 7696: 7354:. The national musical instrument is the 5813:. The U.S.-based conservative think tank 3695:Desert wildlife includes mostly lizards, 2176:(URD), with the notable exception of the 1531:were cultivated through a combination of 1050: 984:, when the state was renamed in honor of 834: 20282: 20177:Venezuela: What Everyone Needs to KnowRG 20056: 19925: 19616: 19555: 19386: 19332: 19292: 18706:Economic Development and Cultural Change 18659:"Compendium of statistics on illiteracy" 18317: 18057: 17803:"In Venezuela, a New Wave of Foreigners" 17291: 17070: 17037: 16233: 16193:United Nations. 2011. Web. 2 April 2012. 16106: 15774:"Transparency International – Venezuela" 15371: 15288:"Venezuela Country Specific Information" 15199: 15168: 15048: 14171: 13659:The Latin America & Caribbean Review 13501:(in Spanish). Ministerio de la Cultura. 13286: 12353:Vyas, Kejal; Dubé, Ryan (30 July 2024). 12352: 11602: 11171: 10558:(in European Spanish). 19 January 2018. 10506: 10089: 9639: 9317: 8671: 8083: 7955: 7878: 7338: 7178: 7010: 6951: 6850: 6603: 6343: 6154: 6115: 6071: 6035: 5984: 5968:, the culture and the tropical climate. 5929: 5898: 5686: 5492: 5480: 5401: 5338: 5267: 3905: 3664: 3523: 3491: 3440: 3346:, the highest mountain in Venezuela, in 3338: 3290: 3244: 3171: 3076: 2960:The national animal of Venezuela is the 2955: 2886: 2831:Venezuela borders Colombia to the west, 2812: 2790:in the east. The Orinoco, with its rich 2712: 2648:ran for a third consecutive term in the 2633: 2566: 2536:) per day. In 2014, Venezuela entered a 2460: 2305: 2221: 2139: 2056: 1981: 1921: 1787: 1774:and a more fertile and healthy climate. 1556: 1416: 1250:and has been one of the world's leading 1138: 1076:, is a country on the northern coast of 1060:(ISO 4217 code VED) worth 1,000,000 VES. 22846: 20576:Key Development Forecasts for Venezuela 20440: 20383: 19897: 19673: 19124: 18991:La Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas 18767: 18697: 18138: 17564: 17397: 17011:Pestano, Andrew V. (19 February 2017). 17010: 16911: 16769:(in Spanish). Venezuela. Archived from 16702: 16645:Dagert, Domingo Alberto Medina (1993). 15734: 14955:"How Did Venezuela Become So Violent?n" 13921: 13830: 13494: 13388: 12708: 12706: 12704: 12503:"Extreme High Temperature in Venezuela" 11426: 10639: 10175: 10038: 9827: 9739:War and Independence In Spanish America 9698:Langer's Encyclopaedia of World History 9685: 9430:Friends of the Pre-Columbian Art Museum 9229:Gillespie, Patrick (14 November 2017). 9044:Gillespie, Patrick (12 December 2016). 9019:"Venezuela: the land of 500% inflation" 8920:Scharfenberg, Ewald (1 February 2015). 8708:Center for Economic and Policy Research 8121:Brodzinsky, Sibylla (21 October 2016). 7545:Venezuelan Professional Baseball League 7463:Venezuelan Professional Baseball League 7202:took over in the 20th century. Notable 7159:St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church in 6282:List of metropolitan areas in Venezuela 6105:is one of the few to rely primarily on 5377:Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas 5318:was considering the application of the 4809:List of metropolitan areas in Venezuela 2794:, binds the largest and most important 2365:rhetoric. This led to formation of the 1695:Late 15th century to early 17th century 1004: 23945: 21718:Francisco de Miranda Insular Territory 21026: 20638: 20604:Venezuela situation - emergency appeal 20405: 20359: 20334: 20313: 20261: 20205:Pablo Morillo and Venezuela, 1815–1820 20075: 20020:. Washington, D.C.: Epica Task Force. 19999:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology 19996: 19970:Kelly, Janet; Palma, Perdo A. (2006). 19855: 19748: 19697: 19639: 19576: 19509: 19359: 19177: 19083: 18882: 18880: 18656: 18625: 18613: 18427: 18406: 18102: 17866: 17800: 17733: 17236: 17224: 17212: 17190:. World Energy Council. Archived from 17043: 16747:from the original on 18 September 2014 16644: 16266:"UN Congratulates Venezuela on Hunger" 15939:France-Presse, Agence (27 July 2024). 15907: 15722: 15579:from the original on 28 September 2018 15384:from the original on 25 September 2019 15259: 15235:"How Did Venezuela Become So Violent?" 14924:"Observatorio Venezolano de Violencia" 14785:Political Risk Yearbook: South America 14011: 13871:"Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales" 13590: 13588: 13586: 13384: 13382: 13354: 13352: 13328: 13324: 13322: 13253: 13251: 13215: 13147: 12433: 12092:from the original on 29 September 2020 11731: 11560:from the original on 11 September 2016 11269:Cristóbal Nagel, Juan (13 July 2015). 11204: 11186:from the original on 29 September 2019 10826:Kurmanaev, Anatoly (7 November 2013). 10376:"Venezuela's Double-Edged Devaluation" 10261: 10243:from the original on 23 September 2013 10147: 9779:Venezuela – The Century of Caudillismo 9717:from the original on 24 September 2015 9469: 9457: 9405:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMahoney ( 9388: 9367: 9355: 9329: 9200:"Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela" 9070: 8952: 8835:from the original on 12 September 2019 8619: 8351: 6064:History of the Venezuelan oil industry 5505:The Bolivarian National Armed Forces ( 5461:Latin American Integration Association 5375:integration via such proposals as the 5351:and historically claimed by Venezuela. 5345:disputed "Guayana Esequiba" claim area 2510:2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election 2458:, programs aimed at helping the poor. 2156:The most powerful man in the military 1603: 1481:, these date from 13,000 to 7,000 BC. 992: 23645: 23350:Organization of American States (OAS) 23322: 23100: 22820: 22397: 22285: 22152: 21965: 21952: 21867: 21486:Administrative divisions of Venezuela 21458: 20612: 20201: 20173: 20151: 19948: 19859:Venezuela: A Question and Answer Book 19795: 19344: 18988:Ojanguren, Montserrat Gárate (1990). 18974:La arquitectura colonial en Venezuela 18943: 18916: 18323: 17273:from the original on 17 November 2006 17091:from the original on 20 February 2022 16862:from the original on 15 November 2015 16848:Cawthorne, Andrew (21 January 2015). 16655:from the original on 29 November 2023 16626:from the original on 29 November 2023 16587:from the original on 29 November 2023 16518:from the original on 14 December 2013 16492:from the original on 14 November 2017 16381: 16295:Cawthorne, Andrew (24 October 2014). 16246:from the original on 27 November 2015 16043:from the original on 26 February 2020 15932: 15871: 15553:from the original on 14 February 2014 15541:Cawthorne, Andrew (7 February 2014). 15372:Finnegan, William (1 November 2016). 15268:from the original on 21 February 2016 15181:from the original on 21 February 2014 14997:from the original on 26 December 2018 14952: 14648:from the original on 13 December 2017 14428:"La ruptura democrática de Venezuela" 13851:from the original on 29 November 2023 13812:from the original on 29 November 2023 13783:from the original on 29 November 2023 13744:from the original on 29 November 2023 13715:from the original on 29 November 2023 13676:from the original on 29 November 2023 13638:from the original on 29 November 2023 13571:from the original on 29 November 2023 13560: 13409:from the original on 29 November 2023 13392:Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield 13268:from the original on 29 November 2023 13236:from the original on 29 November 2023 13197:from the original on 29 November 2023 13168:from the original on 29 November 2023 13129:from the original on 29 November 2023 12759:. cybertruffle.org.uk. 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The first expedition was led by 1372:Previously, the official name was 1317:visited the Venezuelan coast. The 252:Recognized regional languages 55:República Bolivariana de Venezuela 14: 24009: 23873:Council of South American Defense 23555:Secretariat for Political Affairs 23128:Nations in the Group of 15 (G-15) 20477: 20226:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2017). 19042:Montauban, Leopoldo Jahn (1990). 18977:(in Spanish). Ediciones Armitano. 18685:. UNESCO INSTITUTE FOR STATISTICS 18103:Aguire, Jesus Maria (June 2012). 17968:from the original on 4 April 2022 17843:from the original on 22 June 2015 17801:Romero, Simon (7 November 2010). 17734:Calder, Simon (31 October 2014). 17689:from the original on 24 June 2015 17466:. El Nuevo Herald. 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Coup leader Chávez 1756:Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo 1663:, in 1546, the Spanish governor 1525:in the east. Large parts of the 1445: 1425: 1361:, he states that the crew found 1333:, Italy, so he named the region 1325:reminded the Italian navigator, 1074:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 859: 858: 833: 811: 810: 792: 791: 759: 758: 740: 739: 707:33.74/km (87.4/sq mi) ( 140: 88: 74: 50:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 23673:Union of South American Nations 22423: 21833:Delta Amacuro Federal Territory 20208:. Ohio State University Press. 19683:. 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Archived from 10946:International Business Times UK 10454: 10440:Neuman, William (5 March 2013) 10434: 10401: 10381: 10324: 10305: 10279: 10224: 10141: 10092:The Policy Studies Organization 10032: 10009:10.12797/politeja.10.2013.24.05 9983: 9934: 9887: 9795: 9729: 9703: 9691: 9645: 9606: 9547: 9538: 9511: 9484: 9475: 9285: 9255: 9222: 9192: 9162: 9129: 9097: 9009: 8979: 8946: 8880: 8810: 8779: 8662: 8613: 8575: 8465: 8431: 8321: 8285: 8145: 8114: 8047: 7712: 7630: 7099:Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas 7051:Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex 7033: 6963:Central University of Venezuela 6857:Central University of Venezuela 6503:population of Venezuela in 2011 6488:population of Venezuela in 2011 6471:population of Venezuela in 2011 6456:population of Venezuela in 2011 6328:Central University of Venezuela 6269: 6223:Electricity sector in Venezuela 6174:in Maiquetía, near Caracas and 6103:electricity sector in Venezuela 5778:The country has a market-based 5663:harassment of independent media 5641: 5633:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 5501:MKV of the Venezuelan Air Force 5449:Union of South American Nations 5445:Organization of American States 5387:. Venezuela was a proponent of 5347:is a territory administered by 5316:Organization of American States 3467:and the plains surrounding the 3161:include Canaima National Park, 3081:Crocodile in Hato El Cedral in 2682:Organization of American States 2666:Plataforma Unitaria Democrática 2544:'s administration imposed more 2191:(1959–64, his second term) and 2052: 1954:Venezuelans of European descent 1822:on 5 July 1811. This began the 1538: 1299:Organization of American States 1214:was widely disputed leading to 1147:The territory of Venezuela was 20709:Restorative Liberal Revolution 20391:. Princeton University Press. 19980:Johns Hopkins University Press 19798:Venezuela: A Century of Change 19781:. Lonely Planet Publications. 19510:Cannon, Barry (21 June 2004). 19293:Christie, Jan Fairley (2014). 19155:. Latin Trails. Archived from 18950:(in Spanish). Editorial Alfa. 18257:Annual Report 2004: Venezuela. 17495:. El Impulso. 23 August 2014. 17249:López Maya, Margarita (2004). 15908:Bishop, Holly (27 July 2024). 13662:. World of Information. 1986. 13536:"Wild Scenes in South America" 13293:(in Spanish). Editorial Alfa. 13079:(inactive 22 September 2024). 12531:. Wunderground. Archived from 12505:. wunderground. Archived from 12086:Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights 11987:Paul LeBlanc (6 August 2019). 9990:Da Silva P, José Luis (2013). 9113:. 1 April 2016. Archived from 8587:publicpolicy.wharton.upenn.edu 8159:(in Spanish). 24 August 2016. 7933:10.1093/obo/9780199756223-0286 7776: 7612: 7305:. The great poet and humanist 7055:General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge 6610:Venezuelan Academy of Language 5801:is responsible for developing 5434:transition to renewable energy 5335:Foreign relations of Venezuela 3867:National Assembly of Venezuela 3217: 2996:forests in the northeast. Its 2152:on corruption charges in 1993. 2039:Permanent Court of Arbitration 1824:Venezuelan War of Independence 1784:Venezuelan War of Independence 1199:was imposed. The government's 1: 22728:Arab League monitors in Syria 20289:. Gareth Stevens Publishing. 20174:Salas, Miguel Tinker (2015). 20109:. Gareth Stevens Publishing. 19577:Aponte, Pedro Rafael (2008). 19223:(in Spanish). 8 December 2014 18537:. La Patilla. 8 December 2014 17332:. The World Factbook. cia.gov 16209:The Christian Science Monitor 15804:"WJP Rule of Law Index™ 2014" 14614:(in Spanish). 29 April 2016. 14494:(in Spanish). 18 April 2016. 14464:(in Spanish). 30 March 2016. 13808:(in Spanish). El Ministerio. 13567:(in Spanish). Santana y cia. 13472:(in Spanish). Brill Archive. 9652:Left, Sarah (16 April 2002). 8820:화폐경제 무너졌는데…최저임금 인상에 목매는 베네수엘라 8692:.com. Retrieved 5 April 2014. 8677:Voigt, Kevin (6 March 2013). 8636:10.1080/10714839.2017.1373956 7729: 7411:Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra 7248: 7123:Spanish colonial architecture 6931:Venezuela had a total of 150 6924:were present in the country. 6763:(71%), and the remaining 17% 6711:Religion in Venezuela (2011) 6295:. Other major cities include 6058:Petroleum and other resources 5676: 3808:Venezuelan parliament is the 3757:Mesa de la Unidad Democrática 3690:Médanos de Coro National Park 3670:Médanos de Coro National Park 3159:Venezuela's 43 national parks 3046:, the national bird. Notable 2940:National symbols of Venezuela 2922:Biodiversity and conservation 2587:, which had been overturning 2411:August 2004 recall referendum 2273:coup attempt in February 1992 2174:Unión Republicana Democrática 2035:Venezuela Crisis of 1902–1903 1778:Independence and 19th century 1710: 136:("Glory to the Brave People") 20599:Wikimedia Atlas of Venezuela 20194:Schincariol, Vitor Eduardo. 19997:Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). 19949:Jozsa, Frank P. Jr. (2013). 19815:Fichner-Ratus, Lois (2012). 19749:Dickey, John Marcus (1892). 19583:. University of Pittsburgh. 19015:Gasparini, Graziano (1994). 18971:Gasparini, Graziano (1965). 18894:(in Spanish). Archived from 17381:. Ine.gob.ve. Archived from 17350:EarthTrends Country Profiles 17161:"Venezuela: Energy overview" 17150:. Market Watch. 18 July 2011 17131:. Last Update: 30 June 2010. 15374:"Venezuela, A Failing State" 14584:(in Spanish). Archived from 14524:(in Spanish). Archived from 14404:(in Spanish). Archived from 14344:(in Spanish). Archived from 14314:(in Spanish). Archived from 14252:. p. 11. Archived from 14218:(in Spanish). Archived from 14155:(in Spanish). Archived from 14056:(in Spanish). Archived from 13995:(in Spanish). 17 July 2014. 13000:10.1371/journal.pone.0062111 12894:EarthTrends Country Profiles 12603:Bird Checklists of the World 12406:"Country Profile: Venezuela" 12330:(in Spanish). 30 July 2024. 11830:The South China Morning Post 10153:La Rebelión de los Náufragos 9941:DURAND J; MASSEY DS (2010). 8623:NACLA Report on the Americas 8061:Council on Foreign Relations 7757:. p. 29. Archived from 7321:, contributed to Venezuelan 6941: 6578: 6333: 6216: 6144: 6011: 5920:Millennium Development Goals 5894:major banking crisis in 1994 5877:, as well as beverages, and 5713:Corruption Perceptions Index 5604:may not be included in data. 5371:Venezuela seeks alternative 5282:2015 parliamentary elections 3840:Tribunal Supremo de Justicia 3357:with several peninsulas and 3121:. Among its animals, 23% of 2928:Natural regions of Venezuela 2717:Topographic map of Venezuela 2702: 2427:Presidency of Nicolás Maduro 2178:Communist Party of Venezuela 1854:Second Republic of Venezuela 1457:Waraira Repano National Park 1308: 7: 23590:Pan American Union Building 23074:Vehicle registration plates 22769:Economic and Social Council 22180:Andean Community of Nations 21083:Democratic Unity Roundtable 21072:People's Electoral Movement 21006:Supreme Tribunal of Justice 20557:Geographic data related to 20514:Central Intelligence Agency 20484:Official Government Website 20180:. Oxford University Press. 19856:Gibson, Karen Bush (2006). 19502: 19101:Tarver & Frederick 2006 19045:La Colonia Tovar y su gente 17987:Bernasconi, Giulia (2012). 17925:. U.S. Library of Congress. 17899:"World Refugee Survey 2008" 17711:. Sazon Latino Restaurant. 16743:. The Wall Street Journal. 16236:"Don't Blame It On the Oil" 15264:. BBC News, Latin America. 14957:. Fusion TV. Archived from 14554:(in Spanish). 11 May 2016. 14434:(in Spanish). 14 May 2016. 14246:"Venezuela's broken system" 13769:(in Spanish). La Comisión. 13290:Agenda Geografica Venezuela 12167:Jones, Sam (29 July 2024). 9736:McFarlane, Anthony (2013). 9343:Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos 9005:– via in.reuters.com. 8413:International Monetary Fund 8329:"Venezuela country profile" 7567: 6697: 5811:International Monetary Fund 5667:Economist Intelligence Unit 5527:Venezuelan National Militia 5470: 3836:Supreme Tribunal of Justice 2493:Democratic Unity Roundtable 2367:Fifth Republic of Venezuela 2187:During the presidencies of 2093:a period of democratic rule 1927:Revolution of 19 April 1810 1881:Third Republic of Venezuela 1820:First Republic of Venezuela 1687:, or through wars with the 1390:Estados Unidos de Venezuela 1303:protests across the country 1293:were not recognized by the 1278:regarding debt payments by 1177:two attempted coups in 1992 10: 24014: 23958:Countries in South America 21933:University City of Caracas 21825:Amazonas Federal Territory 20779:2017 constitutional crisis 20406:Zamora, Margarita (1993). 20283:Wardrope, William (2003). 20202:Stoan, Stephen K. (1974). 20084:Cambridge University Press 19904:. British American Press. 19755:. Rand, McNally & Co. 19698:Cortés, Carlos E. (2013). 18269:. Accessed 11 August 2006. 18201:(in Arabic). Aamama. 2013. 17111:"Venezuela Energy Profile" 16573:. Hunter Publishing, Inc. 15971:"The Economy Of Venezuela" 15430:"Venezuela Travel Warning" 13628:A, América Bracho (1984). 13125:(in Spanish). OCEI. 2000. 13065:Environmental Conservation 13039:. IUCN-CEM. Archived from 13037:UCN Red List of Ecosystems 12808:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 12563:Conservation International 10353:"Venezuela The homecoming" 9742:. Routledge. p. 293. 8595:University of Pennsylvania 7887:(3). Project Muse: 39–53. 7480:, which took place in the 7449: 7443: 7332: 7252: 7172: 7066:a dependent colony of the 7004: 7000: 6945: 6840: 6701: 6582: 6518:with a relevant amount of 6337: 6279: 6273: 6220: 6148: 6068:Energy policy of Venezuela 6061: 6015: 5957: 5953: 5749: 5745: 5680: 5645: 5548: 5474: 5385:Abkhazia and South Ossetia 5332: 4931: 4878: 4816: 4806: 3895: 3848:Consejo Nacional Electoral 3844:National Electoral Council 3736: 3718: 3660: 3555: 2968:Venezuela lies within the 2944:List of birds of Venezuela 2925: 2870: 2866: 2706: 2670:National Electoral Council 2650:2024 presidential election 2532:(480 to 160 thousand 2497:Supreme Court of Venezuela 2430: 2424: 2295: 2285:was pardoned in March 1994 2162:1952 presidential election 1936:Sucre went on to liberate 1781: 1760:Viceroyalty of New Granada 1566:Armada exploring Venezuela 1542: 1409: 1405: 1365:who called themselves the 1351:Martín Fernández de Enciso 1291:2024 presidential election 1248:largest known oil reserves 1181:impeachment of a President 1143:Pictorial map of Venezuela 32: 28:Venezuela (disambiguation) 25: 18: 23881: 23863:South American Parliament 23830: 23774: 23719: 23688: 23679: 23598: 23542: 23365: 23356: 23220: 23134: 23082: 23061: 23025: 23004: 22983: 22938: 22887: 22861: 22854: 22789: 22746: 22715: 22695: 22659: 22536: 22529: 22518: 22459: 22431: 22380: 22319: 22258: 22217: 22186: 22117: 22106: 22081: 22010: 21999: 21959: 21954:Links to related articles 21912: 21846: 21812: 21792: 21734: 21647: 21519: 21508: 21492: 21416: 21337: 21264: 21255: 21176: 21167: 21120: 21080: 21052:Movement We Are Venezuela 21035: 20908:Human rights in Venezuela 20893: 20884: 20815: 20806: 20754:1992 coup d'état attempts 20689:Revolution of the Reforms 20659: 20650: 20057:Massabié, Germán (2008). 19898:Gregory, Desmond (1992). 19272:. Routledge. p. 32. 18865:(in Spanish). 1 July 2018 18515:27 September 2007 at the 17989:"L'Italiano in Venezuela" 17518:Benítez, Deivis (2011) . 17163:. BBC. 16 February 2006. 14899:10.1016/j.esr.2019.100406 13561:Rojas, Arístides (1897). 13077:10.1017/S0376892908005237 12585:Dydynski & Beech 2004 10239:. BBC News. 27 May 2002. 9432:. (retrieved 9 July 2011) 8771:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8710:. Retrieved 5 April 2014. 8439:"Income Gini coefficient" 6862:Venezuela has a national 6836: 6831:antisemitism in Venezuela 6747: Other religion (3%) 6676:Venezuelan English Creole 6648:dialect of German called 6541:World Refugee Survey 2008 6276:Demographics of Venezuela 5799:Central Bank of Venezuela 5694:Corrupt Venezuelan Regime 5648:Human rights in Venezuela 5523:Venezuelan National Guard 5300:Constitution of Venezuela 4793: 4010: 4009: 3824:legal system of Venezuela 3315: 3153:are registered under the 2912:Páramo de Piedras Blancas 2452:Venezuelan refugee crisis 2068:The discovery of massive 2025:, assisted by his friend 1864:and his personal army of 1272:Venezuelan refugee crisis 1197:Constitution of Venezuela 1193:1999 Constituent Assembly 970: 958: 946: 934: 924: 912: 894: 878: 848: 823: 804: 785: 771: 752: 733: 715: 701: 687: 680: 670: 656: 649: 645: 630: 620: 604: 591: 587: 576: 566: 562: 547: 532: 528: 510: 498: 437: 400: 250: 240: 196: 160: 118: 104: 70: 54: 48: 22856:(Southern Common Market) 21672:Los Hermanos Archipelago 20925:Administrative divisions 20784:2019 presidential crisis 20764:2002 coup d'état attempt 20699:Revindicating Revolution 20233:The History of Venezuela 19556:Aalgaard, Wendy (2004). 19548: 19372:Nichols & Morse 2010 19318:Nichols & Morse 2010 19021:(in Spanish). Armitano. 19018:Coro: patrimonio mundial 18923:(in Spanish). CDCH UCV. 17775:. London. Archived from 17298:South China Morning Post 17215:, pp. 233–236, 432. 15237:. Fusion. Archived from 15091:. Oas.org. August 2009. 12959:13 February 2016 at the 11932:South China Morning Post 10447:29 November 2023 at the 10237:"Profile: Pedro Carmona" 9959:10.1177/0002716210368102 9425:4 September 2011 at the 8843:– via chosun.com. 8819: 7605: 7590:2024 Venezuelan protests 7439: 7368:Alberto Arvelo Torrealba 7328: 7315:Laureano Vallenilla Lanz 6975:Simón Bolívar University 6843:Health care in Venezuela 6526:. These immigrants from 6501:Black and Afrodescendant 6313:Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz 6211:around 45th in the world 6193:Venezuela has a limited 5883:Agriculture in Venezuela 5709:Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso 5572:Sources: OVV, PROVEA, UN 3936:regiones administrativas 3892:Administrative divisions 3797:granting the ability to 3743:2024 Venezuelan protests 3496:Coastal Mountain Range ( 3042:, and the yellow-orange 2810:are other major rivers. 2654:Edmundo González Urrutia 2652:, while former diplomat 2640:2024 Venezuelan protests 2369:, commonly known as the 2113:Luis Felipe Llovera Páez 1999:Venezuela Crisis of 1895 1913:Battle of Lake Maracaibo 1671:executed. Subsequently, 1260:shortages of basic goods 33:Not to be confused with 16:Country in South America 23968:Former Spanish colonies 23626:Pan-American Conference 21677:Los Frailes Archipelago 20898:Corruption in Venezuela 18588:17 January 2018 at the 18407:Castro, Arachu (2008). 18262:23 October 2006 at the 18218:Thor Halvorssen Mendoza 18005:10.13130/2037-3597/1921 17921:12 October 2011 at the 17659:. About. Archived from 17146:12 October 2017 at the 16825:. BBC. 8 January 2015. 15835:10 October 2017 at the 14878:Energy Strategy Reviews 13389:Hammond, D. S. (2005). 13287:Figueroa, Rosa (1995). 12361:The Wall Street Journal 11857:The Wall Street Journal 11461:. BBC. 12 August 2021. 11212:The Wall Street Journal 10898:Human Rights Foundation 10771:The Wall Street Journal 10317:14 October 2017 at the 9617:. About. Archived from 7694:Latin American Spanish: 7364:Rafael Bolívar Coronado 7113:The historic center of 6971:University of the Andes 6933:sewage treatment plants 6195:national railway system 6162:in Los Jardines Station 5815:The Heritage Foundation 5705:Corruption in Venezuela 5683:Corruption in Venezuela 5631:. The United Kingdom's 3918:), a capital district ( 3830:tradition. The highest 3721:Government of Venezuela 3715:Government and politics 3463:Encompass the basin of 3458:Lake Maracaibo Lowlands 3348:Sierra Nevada de Mérida 3320:The Venezuelan natural 3129:species, including the 3004:are particularly rich. 2974:moist broadleaf forests 2621:enforced disappearances 2444:corruption in Venezuela 2339:Fifth Republic Movement 2128:Carlos Delgado Chalbaud 2084:, but from 1941, under 2082:Eleazar López Contreras 1899:was attained after the 1828:1812 Caracas earthquake 1669:Bartholomeus VI. Welser 1394:(1864–1953), and again 1187:, the catalyst for the 1167:Economic shocks in the 1049: 1040: 1003: 990: 973: 744:$ 211.926 billion ( 241:Official languages 182:Show region with labels 23631:Summit of the Americas 22874:Protocol of Ouro Preto 21682:Los Roques Archipelago 21657:Los Monjes Archipelago 21223:Science and technology 21137:Movement for Socialism 21047:United Socialist Party 20769:2002–03 general strike 20369:. Simon and Schuster. 20320:. Marshall Cavendish. 20076:McBeth, B. S. (2002). 19877:Gott, Richard (2005). 19796:Ewell, Judith (1984). 19613:(Penguin Books, 2014). 18312:Anti-Defamation League 18267:Stephen Roth Institute 17916:Venezuela – Population 17683:"Gran Canaria Culture" 17555: 16172:Kelly & Palma 2006 15692:"Democracy Index 2017" 15662:"Democracy Index 2012" 13261:Geografía de Venezuela 12936:2 October 2017 at the 12388:23 August 2024 at the 10199:"Profile: Hugo Chavez" 9711:"History of Venezuela" 9613:Minster, Christopher. 8719:29 August 2018 at the 8374:. CIA World Factbook. 7719: 7524:In the Winter Sports, 7372:Juan Vicente Torrealba 7347: 7187: 7168: 7142:Virgin of Chiquinquirá 7039:Carlos Raúl Villanueva 7019: 6979:University of the East 6957: 6948:Education in Venezuela 6859: 6847:Mission Barrio Adentro 6613: 6585:Languages of Venezuela 6437:University of Brasília 6349: 6163: 6151:Transport in Venezuela 6130:Petróleos de Venezuela 6125: 6077: 6041: 6018:Shortages in Venezuela 5993: 5982:Venezuelan Caribbean. 5979:Los Roques Archipelago 5942: 5911: 5785:least expensive petrol 5762: 5701: 5502: 5490: 5487:Vladimir Padrino López 5411: 5352: 5277: 4748:San Juan de los Morros 3924:Dependencias Federales 3911: 3773:Movement for Socialism 3733:Democracy in Venezuela 3681: 3601:practically untouched 3587:Cordillera de la Costa 3529: 3501: 3498:Cordillera de la Costa 3449: 3425:Coastal Mountain Range 3381:and other crystalline 3350: 3304: 3276:, which originates in 3253: 3184: 3181:Alexander von Humboldt 3179:, formerly praised by 3163:Morrocoy National Park 3085: 3070:south of the Orinoco. 3062:, the world's largest 2965: 2892: 2828: 2802:in Latin America. The 2718: 2709:Geography of Venezuela 2665: 2642: 2595:. In August 2017, the 2580: 2481:president of Venezuela 2469: 2446:and culminated into a 2319: 2234: 2153: 2086:Isaías Medina Angarita 2065: 1990: 1933: 1905:José Prudencio Padilla 1799: 1754:. Administered by the 1752:New Andalusia Province 1689:Indigenous inhabitants 1591: 1569: 1473:in western Venezuela. 1437:Los Roques Archipelago 1398:República de Venezuela 1396: 1388: 1383:República de Venezuela 1382: 1374: 1355: 1343: 1280:credit rating agencies 1224:democratic backsliding 1144: 1001:spoken in the country. 796:$ 92.210 billion ( 126:Gloria al Bravo Pueblo 124: 114:("God and Federation") 23978:Member states of OPEC 23848:President Pro Tempore 23495:Saint Kitts and Nevis 23012:President pro tempore 22723:Arab Peace Initiative 22503:Joint Defence Council 22359:Saint Kitts and Nevis 21917:Canaima National Park 20585:Venezuela and Tourism 20580:International Futures 20524:UCB Libraries GovPubs 20335:Wunder, Sven (2003). 20262:Thomas, Hugh (2005). 19800:. C. Hurst & Co. 19730:Epic of Latin America 19704:. SAGE Publications. 19559:Venezuela in Pictures 19191:"Key Facts Venezuela" 18917:Dembo, Nancy (2006). 18203:: Referring governor 18085:Ferreira, Jo-Anne S. 17536: 17440:, Population Division 17411:, Population Division 16359:. 21 September 2013. 13597:"Valles de Venezuela" 12788:Nature Communications 12714:"Venezuela: Overview" 10948:. 11 September 2015. 10394:11 April 2020 at the 10336:11 April 2020 at the 9900:Oil & Gas Journal 9784:5 August 2011 at the 9491:Cachero, Montserrat. 9472:, Voyage to Paradise. 9170:"Venezuela situation" 8817:남민우, 기 (2 May 2018). 8702:20 April 2015 at the 8684:11 April 2020 at the 8300:constituteproject.org 7956:Corrales, J. (2022). 7893:10.1353/jod.2020.0044 7456:Football in Venezuela 7452:Baseball in Venezuela 7430:St. Benedict the Moor 7360:Pedro Elías Gutiérrez 7342: 7295:Adriano González León 7260:Venezuelan literature 7255:Venezuelan literature 7182: 7063:agricultural terraces 7014: 6987:Bolivarian Revolution 6965:founded in 1721, the 6955: 6868:Misión Barrio Adentro 6864:universal health care 6855:University Hospital, 6854: 6704:Religion in Venezuela 6638:Santa Elena de Uairén 6607: 6347: 6280:Further information: 6158: 6119: 6091:extra-heavy crude oil 6075: 6039: 5997:Canaima National Park 5990:Mochima National Park 5988: 5939:Canaima National Park 5933: 5902: 5755: 5718:World Justice Project 5690: 5658:Amnesty International 5496: 5484: 5405: 5342: 5271: 4406:San Fernando de Apure 3909: 3737:Further information: 3729:Politics of Venezuela 3668: 3585:and Carabobo, in the 3527: 3495: 3444: 3436:Lara-Falcón Highlands 3342: 3294: 3248: 3175: 3167:Mochima National Park 3080: 3024:Amazon river dolphins 2978:megadiverse countries 2959: 2890: 2816: 2716: 2637: 2570: 2485:presidential election 2464: 2431:Further information: 2379:dominant-party system 2309: 2298:Bolivarian Revolution 2225: 2143: 2060: 2041:was agreed. In 1908, 1985: 1973:Antonio Guzmán Blanco 1925: 1893:Congress of Angostura 1852:("The Liberator"). A 1816:declared independence 1791: 1586: 1560: 1435:sculpted in ceramic, 1417:Pre-Columbian history 1191:, which began with a 1189:Bolivarian Revolution 1142: 1122:presidential republic 672:• Water (%) 518:presidential republic 225:10.48056°N 66.90361°W 21:Republic of Venezuela 22646:United Arab Emirates 21902:World Heritage Sites 21852:but administered by 21707:Los Testigos Islands 21702:La Blanquilla Island 21662:Las Aves Archipelago 21649:Federal Dependencies 21123:Agreement for Change 21062:For Social Democracy 21038:Great Patriotic Pole 20903:Torture in Venezuela 20872:World Heritage Sites 20847:Environmental issues 20441:Talks and interviews 20389:From Wealth to Power 20314:Warhol, Tom (2006). 20105:Welcome to Venezuela 19562:. Lerner Pub Group. 18467:on 18 September 2015 18285:6 March 2008 at the 18234:(44). Archived from 18117:on 24 September 2015 17940:19 July 2017 at the 17839:. Migration Policy. 17779:on 25 September 2015 17385:on 29 September 2011 17255:Cuadernos del Cendes 17087:. 30 November 2020. 16997:28 July 2018 at the 16978:28 July 2018 at the 16686:. 11 February 2013. 16189:9 March 2013 at the 15778:www.transparency.org 15062:. 10 December 2014. 15060:Agence France-Presse 13877:on 29 September 2010 13534:Páez, Ramón (1863). 13431:Venezuela al natural 13043:on 22 September 2018 12509:on 20 September 2014 12381:Also available from 11556:. 9 September 2016. 10803:. 24 February 2014. 10490:. 14 February 2018. 10466:7 April 2018 at the 10111:Cuestiones Políticas 9809:on 17 September 2010 9269:. 14 November 2017. 8864:. 10 December 2021. 7881:Journal of Democracy 7698:[beneˈswela] 7600:Outline of Venezuela 7517:won a gold medal in 7511:2012 Summer Olympics 7196:Martín Tovar y Tovar 7186:, self portrait 1880 7184:Antonio Herrera Toro 7007:Culture of Venezuela 6753: No answer (1%) 6533:immigration programs 6168:Venezuela's airports 5960:Tourism in Venezuela 5752:Economy of Venezuela 5625:Government of Canada 5519:Venezuelan Air Force 5418:said that President 5314:On 14 May 2016, the 4761:Federal Dependencies 4236:Federal Dependencies 3994:Federal Dependencies 3902:Regions of Venezuela 3725:Cabinet of Venezuela 3573:type and valleys of 3131:Trinidad poison frog 2873:Climate of Venezuela 2723:South American Plate 2375:Constitution of 1999 2328:constituent assembly 2281:Ramón José Velásquez 2124:Marcos Pérez Jiménez 1988:Martín Tovar y Tovar 1931:Martín Tovar y Tovar 1804:Francisco de Miranda 1574:Christopher Columbus 1412:History of Venezuela 1268:environmental issues 1236:freedom of the press 1153:declare independence 1134:federal dependencies 999:indigenous languages 982:Constitution of 1999 888:United States dollar 689:• 2023 estimate 635:Current constitution 191:shown in light green 23925: / 23843:Constitutive Treaty 23515:Trinidad and Tobago 23370:Antigua and Barbuda 22848:Mercosur · Mercosul 22329:Antigua and Barbuda 21820:Federal Territories 21309:List of Venezuelans 21132:Progressive Advance 20920:Crisis in Venezuela 20674:War of Independence 20489:4 June 2023 at the 19955:. Scarecrow Press. 19448:Montiel, Santiago. 19127:"Poesía en objetos" 18749:on 18 February 2010 18307:4 June 2011 at the 18227:The Weekly Standard 17685:. GranCanariaInfo. 17663:on 6 September 2015 17548:población indígena. 17328:3 July 2017 at the 17227:, pp. 510–513. 17117:on 15 December 2010 16606:Mann, Mark (2014). 16422:. 20 January 2017. 16126:on 13 December 2016 16069:on 21 October 2013. 15752:14 May 2013 at the 15638:. 12 January 2017. 14961:on 31 December 2014 14934:on 16 December 2014 14890:2019EneSR..2600406O 14258:on 10 December 2022 14250:The Financial Times 13154:. Clarendon Press. 12991:2013PLoSO...862111K 12867:on 11 February 2007 12800:2020NatCo..11.5978G 12674:on 29 December 2018 12639:on 15 February 2009 12229:The Washington Post 12144:. 27 January 2024. 11907:America's Quarterly 11801:. 25 January 2019. 11586:. 14 October 2016. 11553:Diario Las Américas 11521:The Huffington Post 11341:. 16 October 2018. 11013:Wall Street Journal 10870:. Thomson Reuters. 10617:. 4 December 2011. 10588:Wall Street Journal 10527:on 24 February 2018 10520:The Washington Post 10358:1 July 2017 at the 10205:. 5 December 2002. 9931:, pp. 616–617. 9830:, pp. 145–146. 8674:, pp. 618–621. 8415:. 10 October 2023. 8335:. 4 December 2023. 7784:"National Profiles" 7482:Poliedro de Caracas 7313:). Others, such as 7303:Mariano Picón Salas 7291:Arturo Uslar Pietri 7121:, is an example of 7119:World Heritage Site 7043:World Heritage Site 6967:University of Zulia 6672:British West Indies 5992:, Eastern Venezuela 5948:economic depression 5916:Bolivarian Missions 5697:, according to the 5602:Express kidnappings 4245:Trinidad and Tobago 3898:States of Venezuela 3747:Two major blocs of 3674:Paraguaná Peninsula 3506:Last Glacial Period 3044:Venezuelan troupial 2962:Venezuelan troupial 2837:Trinidad and Tobago 2625:political detainees 2583:The Maduro-aligned 2456:Bolivarian missions 2450:. As a result, the 2448:crisis in Venezuela 2433:Crisis in Venezuela 2381:, dominated by the 2361:perspective, using 2243:Carlos Andrés Pérez 2217:Betancourt Doctrine 2146:Carlos Andrés Pérez 1604:German colonization 1376:Estado de Venezuela 1228:authoritarian state 1226:, shifting into an 1208:economic inequality 1114:Trinidad and Tobago 230:10.48056; -66.90361 221: / 23430:Dominican Republic 23053:Venezuelan bolívar 23043:Paraguayan guaraní 22869:Treaty of Asunción 21299:Indigenous peoples 21233:Telecommunications 20830:metropolitan areas 20509:The World Factbook 20463:on 10 October 2017 20303:Wilpert, Gregory. 20238:Palgrave Macmillan 19932:Dorling Kindersley 19406:on 5 December 2008 19197:on 16 October 2015 19113:Fichner-Ratus 2012 18780:on 9 February 2014 18508:Matheus, Ricardo. 18488:"16 November 2014" 18360:Algemeiner Journal 18011:on 2 February 2017 17993:Italiano LinguaDue 17873:The New York Times 17807:The New York Times 17655:Erichsen, Gerald. 17526:on 16 January 2013 15859:on 8 February 2014 15762:, 21 January 2011. 15747:The truth of Pdval 15636:Human Rights Watch 15518:. 8 January 2014. 15436:on 30 January 2014 15320:on 15 January 2010 15294:on 11 January 2014 15241:on 10 January 2014 13434:. Editorial Arte. 12954:INDC – Submissions 12720:on 8 December 2006 12569:on 4 October 2003. 12473:"The Alpine Biome" 12056:The New York Times 11924: • 11899: • 11874: • 11847: • 11616:The New York Times 11309:. 25 August 2017. 11147:The New York Times 9621:on 3 February 2017 9143:The New York Times 9069: • 9042: • 9015: • 8997:on 26 January 2019 8862:Human Rights Watch 8714:Venezuela Overview 8556:. United Nations. 8228:Human Rights Watch 8096:Americas Quarterly 8090:Corrales, Javier. 8018:The New York Times 7830:10.1111/blar.13316 7446:Sport in Venezuela 7352:Serenata Guayanesa 7348: 7335:Music of Venezuela 7299:Miguel Otero Silva 7287:Teresa de la Parra 7272:Andrés Eloy Blanco 7264:Spanish influences 7204:Venezuelan artists 7188: 7020: 6958: 6860: 6802:descent living in 6614: 6556:uncontacted tribes 6549:illegal immigrants 6350: 6242:. You can help by 6164: 6126: 6078: 6042: 5994: 5943: 5912: 5807:Venezuelan bolívar 5702: 5654:Human Rights Watch 5555:Crime in Venezuela 5534:commander-in-chief 5503: 5491: 5412: 5353: 5278: 3912: 3788:head of government 3780:universal suffrage 3775:(MAS) and others. 3753:Fatherland for All 3682: 3530: 3502: 3450: 3416:deposits from the 3351: 3305: 3299:and Autana River, 3254: 3185: 3112:Brocchinia reducta 3086: 3028:Orinoco Crocodiles 2966: 2936:Flora of Venezuela 2932:Fauna of Venezuela 2893: 2829: 2761:in the southeast. 2755:Maracaibo lowlands 2719: 2643: 2616:, and corruption. 2581: 2546:economic sanctions 2470: 2332:left-wing populism 2320: 2245:coincided with an 2235: 2205:suffered an attack 2166:Acción Democrática 2154: 2099:, initially under 2066: 2047:Juan Vicente Gómez 2033:. This led to the 2027:Juan Vicente Gómez 2003:William L. Scruggs 1991: 1950:State of Venezuela 1934: 1901:Battle of Carabobo 1842:Admirable Campaign 1812:French Revolutions 1800: 1705:(leaders) such as 1657:Philipp von Hutten 1649:Nikolaus Federmann 1643:, who established 1626:Holy Roman Emperor 1580:and landed in the 1570: 1553:Colonial Venezuela 1515:Venezuelan cuisine 1479:radiocarbon dating 1363:Indigenous peoples 1357:Summa de geografía 1216:widespread protest 1161:military dictators 1149:colonized by Spain 1145: 1086:islands and islets 1084:landmass and many 1080:, consisting of a 883:Venezuelan bolívar 781:2023 estimate 729:2023 estimate 622:• Recognized 402:Ethnic groups 171:Western Hemisphere 23908: 23907: 23902: 23901: 23858:Bank of the South 23853:Secretary General 23838:Cusco Declaration 23770: 23769: 23720:Suspended members 23639: 23638: 23538: 23537: 23316: 23315: 23094: 23093: 22979: 22978: 22939:Associated states 22814: 22813: 22738:Foreign relations 22711: 22710: 22391: 22390: 22279: 22278: 22218:Associate members 22146: 22145: 22104: 22103: 21946: 21945: 21938:Coro and its Port 21861: 21860: 21697:La Orchila Island 21692:La Tortuga Island 21452: 21451: 21412: 21411: 21251: 21250: 21163: 21162: 21159: 21158: 21155: 21154: 21107:Democratic Action 20972:National Assembly 20952:Foreign relations 20880: 20879: 20802: 20801: 20669:Captaincy General 20544:Venezuela profile 20419:978-0-520-08297-7 20398:978-0-691-01035-9 20376:978-1-4391-1012-6 20352:978-0-203-98667-7 20327:978-0-7614-2193-1 20296:978-0-8368-2369-1 20275:978-0-375-50204-0 20247:978-1-4039-6260-7 20215:978-0-8142-0219-7 20187:978-0-19-978328-1 20166:978-1-135-93528-3 20144:978-1-59884-569-3 20116:978-0-8368-3123-8 20101:Ng, Yumi (2004). 20093:978-0-521-89218-6 20068:978-3-531-15994-2 20049:978-1-7328777-1-9 20036:Márquez, Laureano 20027:978-0-918346-35-3 20008:978-0-306-46158-3 19989:978-0-8018-8428-3 19962:978-0-8108-9245-3 19941:978-0-7894-8805-3 19911:978-1-85043-567-9 19890:978-1-84467-533-3 19869:978-0-7368-6413-8 19848:978-1-4387-7443-5 19828:978-1-111-83695-5 19818:Understanding Art 19807:978-0-905838-36-6 19788:978-1-74104-197-2 19762:978-1-4460-2044-9 19741:978-0-520-04107-3 19726:Crow, JA (1980). 19711:978-1-4522-1683-6 19690:978-0-226-11602-0 19675:Coronil, Fernando 19659:978-980-6456-12-9 19632:978-0-393-05048-6 19597:on 6 January 2017 19590:978-1-109-05320-3 19569:978-0-8225-1172-4 19304:978-1-4724-1266-9 19279:978-1-135-90008-3 19055:978-980-07-0220-8 19028:978-980-216-125-6 19001:978-84-7173-156-2 18957:978-84-16687-13-8 18930:978-980-00-2336-5 18814:(7504): 209–212. 18292:, 10 August 2006. 18220:(8 August 2005). 18205:Tareck El Aissami 18185:Los Angeles Times 18071:978-1-85733-661-0 17905:on 29 April 2009. 17470:on 27 August 2014 16803:on 26 August 2014 16773:on 26 August 2014 16716:. 26 March 2014. 16619:978-1-317-85466-1 16580:978-1-55650-800-4 15977:. 25 April 2017. 14795:978-1-931077-59-0 13844:978-980-07-8548-5 13776:978-980-03-0130-2 13708:978-980-6081-09-3 13508:978-980-12-1379-6 13441:978-980-6476-26-4 13402:978-1-84593-092-9 13300:978-980-354-005-0 13229:978-980-00-0312-1 13161:978-0-01-923189-3 12025:. 26 March 2020. 10652:on 4 October 2017 10451:. New York Times. 10162:978-980-354-295-5 9749:978-1-136-75772-3 9713:. History World. 9688:, pp. 89–90. 8894:. 29 March 2016. 8892:chinadialogue.net 8482:. 13 March 2024. 8196:. 31 March 2017. 7988:. 25 April 2022. 7967:978-0-8157-3807-7 7943:978-0-19-975622-3 7924:Political Science 7095:Catholic churches 6622:Isla de Margarita 6567:in the east, the 6563:in the west, the 6539:According to the 6340:Venezuelan people 6260: 6259: 6087:eastern Venezuela 5853: 5852: 5729:Colombian cocaine 5485:General-in-chief 5329:Foreign relations 5260: 5259: 4800: 4799: 3959:Gulf of Venezuela 3810:Asamblea Nacional 3765:Project Venezuela 3749:political parties 3705:Gulf of Venezuela 3636:Valle de Mifafí, 3469:Gulf of Venezuela 3365:delta, region of 3334:natural resources 3249:Victoria Lagoon, 3155:Ramsar Convention 3143:biosphere reserve 3068:Amazonian forests 2970:Neotropical realm 2861:Gulf of Venezuela 2589:National Assembly 2489:Henrique Capriles 2404:currency controls 2355:popular democracy 2314:of Argentina and 2189:Rómulo Betancourt 2101:Rómulo Betancourt 2097:Democratic Action 2062:Rómulo Betancourt 1958:Flag of Venezuela 1946:José Antonio Páez 1764:Captaincy General 1729:Roman Catholicism 1661:Santa Ana de Coro 1641:Ambrosius Ehinger 1630:Imperial election 1467:riverine terraces 1329:, of the city of 1120:. Venezuela is a 1104:, on the west by 1072:, officially the 1067: 1066: 842:medium inequality 806:• Per capita 754:• Per capita 571:National Assembly 152: 110:Dios y Federación 24005: 23940: 23939: 23937: 23936: 23935: 23930: 23926: 23923: 23922: 23921: 23918: 23894:Andean Community 23686: 23685: 23666: 23659: 23652: 23643: 23642: 23550:General Assembly 23363: 23362: 23343: 23336: 23329: 23320: 23319: 23121: 23114: 23107: 23098: 23097: 22894: 22893: 22841: 22834: 22827: 22818: 22817: 22534: 22533: 22524: 22449: 22448: 22439: 22438: 22418: 22411: 22404: 22395: 22394: 22386: 22306: 22299: 22292: 22283: 22282: 22173: 22166: 22159: 22150: 22149: 22127:Falkland Islands 22112: 22008: 22007: 21986: 21979: 21972: 21963: 21962: 21950: 21949: 21929: 21900: 21899: 21888: 21881: 21874: 21865: 21864: 21837: 21829: 21803:Guayana Esequiba 21726: 21514: 21494:Capital District 21479: 21472: 21465: 21456: 21455: 21432: 21425: 21262: 21261: 21174: 21173: 21125: 21085: 21040: 21033: 21032: 21024: 21023: 20891: 20890: 20813: 20812: 20729:1958 coup d'état 20724:El Trienio Adeco 20657: 20656: 20633: 20626: 20619: 20610: 20609: 20597: 20596: 20590: 20567: 20556: 20555: 20495: 20472: 20470: 20468: 20459:. Archived from 20435: 20433: 20431: 20422:. Archived from 20409:Reading Columbus 20402: 20380: 20356: 20331: 20300: 20279: 20268:. Random House. 20258: 20256: 20254: 20219: 20191: 20170: 20148: 20127: 20125: 20123: 20108: 20097: 20072: 20053: 20031: 20012: 19993: 19966: 19945: 19922: 19920: 19918: 19894: 19873: 19852: 19832: 19811: 19792: 19773: 19771: 19769: 19745: 19733: 19722: 19720: 19718: 19694: 19670: 19668: 19662:. Archived from 19651: 19636: 19624: 19606: 19604: 19602: 19593:. Archived from 19573: 19543: 19533: 19492: 19491: 19489: 19487: 19482:on 7 August 2012 19472: 19466: 19465: 19463: 19461: 19445: 19439: 19438: 19436: 19434: 19422: 19416: 19415: 19413: 19411: 19396: 19390: 19384: 19375: 19369: 19363: 19357: 19348: 19342: 19336: 19330: 19321: 19315: 19309: 19308: 19290: 19284: 19283: 19265: 19259: 19258: 19256: 19254: 19239: 19233: 19232: 19230: 19228: 19213: 19207: 19206: 19204: 19202: 19187: 19181: 19175: 19169: 19168: 19166: 19164: 19149: 19143: 19142: 19140: 19138: 19122: 19116: 19110: 19104: 19098: 19087: 19081: 19072: 19066: 19060: 19059: 19039: 19033: 19032: 19012: 19006: 19005: 18985: 18979: 18978: 18968: 18962: 18961: 18941: 18935: 18934: 18914: 18908: 18907: 18905: 18903: 18884: 18875: 18874: 18872: 18870: 18853: 18847: 18846: 18844: 18842: 18805: 18796: 18790: 18789: 18787: 18785: 18776:. Archived from 18765: 18759: 18758: 18756: 18754: 18739: 18730: 18729: 18701: 18695: 18694: 18692: 18690: 18679: 18673: 18672: 18670: 18668: 18663: 18654: 18648: 18647: 18645: 18643: 18638:on 28 March 2015 18634:. Archived from 18632:Associated Press 18623: 18617: 18611: 18605: 18599: 18593: 18580: 18574: 18572: 18570: 18568: 18563:on 18 March 2007 18559:. Archived from 18553: 18547: 18546: 18544: 18542: 18531: 18525: 18506: 18500: 18499: 18497: 18495: 18483: 18477: 18476: 18474: 18472: 18463:. Archived from 18457: 18451: 18450: 18448: 18446: 18431: 18425: 18424: 18422: 18420: 18404: 18398: 18397: 18395: 18393: 18378: 18372: 18371: 18369: 18367: 18362:. 2 January 2015 18352: 18346: 18345: 18343: 18341: 18332:. Archived from 18321: 18315: 18299: 18293: 18278:Berrios, Jerry. 18276: 18270: 18254: 18248: 18247: 18245: 18243: 18222:"Hurricane Hugo" 18214: 18208: 18202: 18195: 18189: 18188: 18177: 18168: 18167: 18156: 18150: 18148: 18136: 18127: 18126: 18124: 18122: 18116: 18109: 18100: 18091: 18090: 18082: 18076: 18075: 18055: 18049: 18048: 18046: 18044: 18030: 18024: 18023: 18018: 18016: 18007:. Archived from 17984: 17978: 17977: 17975: 17973: 17954: 17945: 17932: 17926: 17913: 17907: 17906: 17895: 17889: 17888: 17886: 17884: 17864: 17853: 17852: 17850: 17848: 17832: 17823: 17822: 17820: 17818: 17798: 17789: 17788: 17786: 17784: 17764: 17758: 17757: 17755: 17753: 17739: 17731: 17725: 17724: 17722: 17720: 17705: 17699: 17698: 17696: 17694: 17679: 17673: 17672: 17670: 17668: 17652: 17646: 17645: 17643: 17641: 17630:www.mites.gob.es 17622: 17616: 17615: 17613: 17611: 17600:personal.psu.edu 17592: 17586: 17585: 17583: 17581: 17571: 17562: 17556: 17535: 17533: 17531: 17515: 17509: 17508: 17506: 17504: 17489: 17480: 17479: 17477: 17475: 17459: 17450: 17449: 17447: 17445: 17435: 17427: 17421: 17420: 17418: 17416: 17401: 17395: 17394: 17392: 17390: 17375: 17369: 17368: 17366: 17364: 17359:on 18 March 2007 17358: 17347: 17339: 17333: 17320: 17314: 17313: 17311: 17309: 17289: 17283: 17282: 17280: 17278: 17246: 17240: 17234: 17228: 17222: 17216: 17210: 17204: 17203: 17201: 17199: 17183: 17177: 17176: 17174: 17172: 17157: 17151: 17138: 17132: 17126: 17124: 17122: 17113:. Archived from 17107: 17101: 17100: 17098: 17096: 17077: 17068: 17067: 17065: 17063: 17041: 17035: 17034: 17032: 17030: 17008: 17002: 16989: 16983: 16970: 16964: 16963: 16961: 16959: 16940: 16934: 16933: 16931: 16929: 16924:on 31 March 2017 16920:. Archived from 16918:Associated Press 16909: 16903: 16902: 16900: 16898: 16889:. Archived from 16878: 16872: 16871: 16869: 16867: 16845: 16839: 16838: 16836: 16834: 16819: 16813: 16812: 16810: 16808: 16799:. Archived from 16789: 16783: 16782: 16780: 16778: 16763: 16757: 16756: 16754: 16752: 16736: 16730: 16729: 16727: 16725: 16706: 16700: 16699: 16697: 16695: 16674: 16665: 16664: 16662: 16660: 16642: 16636: 16635: 16633: 16631: 16603: 16597: 16596: 16594: 16592: 16564: 16558: 16557: 16555: 16553: 16534: 16528: 16527: 16525: 16523: 16508: 16502: 16501: 16499: 16497: 16475: 16469: 16468: 16466: 16464: 16442: 16436: 16435: 16433: 16431: 16410: 16404: 16403: 16401: 16399: 16379: 16373: 16372: 16370: 16368: 16349: 16343: 16342: 16340: 16338: 16323: 16317: 16316: 16314: 16312: 16292: 16286: 16285: 16283: 16281: 16272:. 18 June 2013. 16262: 16256: 16255: 16253: 16251: 16231: 16225: 16224: 16222: 16220: 16200: 16194: 16181: 16175: 16169: 16163: 16162: 16160: 16158: 16142: 16136: 16135: 16133: 16131: 16125: 16118: 16110: 16104: 16103: 16101: 16099: 16077: 16071: 16070: 16059: 16053: 16052: 16050: 16048: 16027: 16021: 16020: 16018: 16016: 15997: 15991: 15990: 15988: 15986: 15967: 15961: 15960: 15958: 15956: 15945:Voice of America 15936: 15930: 15929: 15927: 15925: 15905: 15899: 15898: 15896: 15894: 15885:. 25 July 2024. 15875: 15869: 15868: 15866: 15864: 15845: 15839: 15828:United Nations, 15826: 15820: 15819: 15817: 15815: 15810:on 29 April 2015 15806:. Archived from 15800: 15794: 15793: 15791: 15789: 15769: 15763: 15744: 15738: 15732: 15726: 15720: 15714: 15713: 15711: 15709: 15703: 15696: 15688: 15682: 15681: 15679: 15677: 15658: 15652: 15651: 15649: 15647: 15628: 15622: 15621: 15619: 15617: 15595: 15589: 15588: 15586: 15584: 15569: 15563: 15562: 15560: 15558: 15538: 15532: 15531: 15529: 15527: 15508: 15502: 15501: 15499: 15497: 15478: 15472: 15471: 15469: 15467: 15452: 15446: 15445: 15443: 15441: 15426: 15420: 15419: 15417: 15415: 15400: 15394: 15393: 15391: 15389: 15369: 15360: 15359: 15357: 15355: 15346:. 13 July 2015. 15336: 15330: 15329: 15327: 15325: 15310: 15304: 15303: 15301: 15299: 15284: 15278: 15277: 15275: 15273: 15257: 15251: 15250: 15248: 15246: 15230: 15224: 15223: 15221: 15219: 15197: 15191: 15190: 15188: 15186: 15166: 15160: 15159: 15157: 15155: 15140: 15134: 15133: 15131: 15129: 15114: 15108: 15107: 15105: 15103: 15097: 15090: 15082: 15076: 15075: 15073: 15071: 15052: 15046: 15045: 15043: 15041: 15035: 15024: 15016: 15007: 15006: 15004: 15002: 14988: 14980: 14971: 14970: 14968: 14966: 14950: 14944: 14943: 14941: 14939: 14930:. Archived from 14920: 14914: 14913: 14911: 14901: 14869: 14863: 14862: 14860: 14858: 14839: 14833: 14832: 14830: 14828: 14819:. 2 April 2017. 14809: 14803: 14802: 14780: 14774: 14773: 14771: 14769: 14750: 14744: 14743: 14741: 14739: 14734:on 25 March 2015 14730:. Archived from 14724: 14718: 14717: 14715: 14713: 14704:. 9 March 2015. 14694: 14688: 14687: 14685: 14683: 14674:. 1 April 2017. 14664: 14658: 14657: 14655: 14653: 14644:. 3 March 2017. 14634: 14628: 14627: 14625: 14623: 14604: 14598: 14597: 14595: 14593: 14574: 14568: 14567: 14565: 14563: 14544: 14538: 14537: 14535: 14533: 14522:Venezuela al día 14514: 14508: 14507: 14505: 14503: 14484: 14478: 14477: 14475: 14473: 14454: 14448: 14447: 14445: 14443: 14424: 14418: 14417: 14415: 14413: 14394: 14388: 14387: 14385: 14383: 14364: 14358: 14357: 14355: 14353: 14334: 14328: 14327: 14325: 14323: 14304: 14298: 14297: 14295: 14293: 14274: 14268: 14267: 14265: 14263: 14257: 14241: 14232: 14231: 14229: 14227: 14208: 14199: 14198: 14196: 14194: 14175: 14169: 14168: 14166: 14164: 14145: 14136: 14135: 14133: 14131: 14112: 14103: 14102: 14100: 14098: 14079: 14070: 14069: 14067: 14065: 14060:on 21 March 2016 14046: 14040: 14039: 14037: 14035: 14015: 14009: 14008: 14006: 14004: 13985: 13979: 13976: 13970: 13969: 13967: 13965: 13960:on 25 March 2010 13950: 13944: 13943: 13941: 13939: 13919: 13913: 13912: 13910: 13908: 13893: 13887: 13886: 13884: 13882: 13867: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13856: 13828: 13822: 13821: 13819: 13817: 13799: 13793: 13792: 13790: 13788: 13760: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13749: 13731: 13725: 13724: 13722: 13720: 13692: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13681: 13654: 13648: 13647: 13645: 13643: 13625: 13619: 13618: 13616: 13614: 13608: 13602:. Archived from 13601: 13592: 13581: 13580: 13578: 13576: 13558: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13547: 13531: 13525: 13524: 13522: 13520: 13492: 13486: 13485: 13483: 13481: 13464: 13458: 13457: 13455: 13453: 13425: 13419: 13418: 13416: 13414: 13386: 13377: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13356: 13347: 13346: 13344: 13342: 13326: 13317: 13316: 13314: 13312: 13284: 13278: 13277: 13275: 13273: 13255: 13246: 13245: 13243: 13241: 13213: 13207: 13206: 13204: 13202: 13184: 13178: 13177: 13175: 13173: 13145: 13139: 13138: 13136: 13134: 13117: 13111: 13110: 13104: 13096: 13059: 13053: 13052: 13050: 13048: 13029: 13023: 13022: 13012: 13002: 12970: 12964: 12951: 12945: 12928: 12922: 12919: 12913: 12912: 12910: 12908: 12902: 12891: 12883: 12877: 12876: 12874: 12872: 12855:Peck, D (2000). 12852: 12846: 12845: 12827: 12779: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12768: 12763:on 27 March 2012 12753: 12747: 12736: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12725: 12710: 12699: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12679: 12664: 12658: 12655: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12628: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12614: 12594: 12588: 12582: 12571: 12570: 12555: 12549: 12548: 12542: 12540: 12525: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12514: 12499: 12493: 12492: 12490: 12488: 12469: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12458: 12443: 12437: 12431: 12425: 12424: 12422: 12420: 12410: 12402: 12393: 12380: 12374: 12372: 12358: 12350: 12344: 12343: 12341: 12339: 12318: 12312: 12311: 12309: 12307: 12288: 12282: 12281: 12279: 12277: 12271: 12265:. Archived from 12260: 12251: 12245: 12244: 12242: 12240: 12220: 12214: 12213: 12211: 12209: 12195: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12184: 12164: 12158: 12157: 12155: 12153: 12138: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12108: 12102: 12101: 12099: 12097: 12078: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12067: 12053: 12045: 12039: 12038: 12036: 12034: 12015: 12009: 12008: 12006: 12004: 11984: 11978: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11954: 11948: 11947: 11945: 11943: 11922: 11920: 11918: 11897: 11895: 11893: 11882:The Moscow Times 11872: 11870: 11868: 11854: 11845: 11843: 11841: 11821: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11810: 11791: 11785: 11784: 11782: 11780: 11760: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11749: 11729: 11723: 11722: 11720: 11718: 11698: 11692: 11691: 11685: 11683: 11663: 11657: 11656: 11646: 11639: 11633: 11632: 11630: 11628: 11606: 11600: 11599: 11597: 11595: 11576: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11565: 11544: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11533: 11524:. 17 July 2016. 11512: 11506: 11505: 11503: 11501: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11470: 11455: 11449: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11424: 11418: 11417: 11415: 11413: 11394: 11388: 11387: 11385: 11383: 11361: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11329: 11323: 11322: 11320: 11318: 11299: 11293: 11292: 11290: 11288: 11266: 11260: 11259: 11257: 11255: 11235: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11224: 11202: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11191: 11169: 11163: 11162: 11160: 11158: 11144: 11136: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11125: 11120:on 29 March 2019 11106: 11100: 11099: 11097: 11095: 11086:. 20 June 2015. 11074: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11058: 11038: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11004: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10990: 10968: 10962: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10938: 10932: 10931: 10929: 10927: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10890: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10859: 10850: 10849: 10847: 10845: 10823: 10817: 10816: 10814: 10812: 10793: 10787: 10786: 10784: 10782: 10762: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10751: 10731: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10711:. 12 June 2013. 10699: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10688: 10668: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10657: 10648:. Archived from 10637: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10611: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10578: 10572: 10571: 10569: 10567: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10534: 10532: 10523:. Archived from 10510: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10480: 10471: 10458: 10452: 10438: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10405: 10399: 10385: 10379: 10372: 10363: 10350: 10341: 10328: 10322: 10309: 10303: 10302: 10300: 10298: 10289:. 27 July 2005. 10283: 10277: 10271: 10265: 10259: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10228: 10222: 10221: 10216: 10214: 10195: 10186: 10185: 10173: 10167: 10166: 10145: 10139: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10087: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10036: 10030: 10029: 10011: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9970: 9938: 9932: 9926: 9920: 9919: 9917: 9915: 9891: 9885: 9884: 9841:Humphreys, R. A. 9837: 9831: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9799: 9793: 9775: 9766: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9707: 9701: 9695: 9689: 9683: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9669: 9649: 9643: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9610: 9604: 9598: 9592: 9586: 9580: 9579: 9577: 9575: 9570:on 28 April 2006 9560: 9554: 9551: 9545: 9542: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9515: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9488: 9482: 9479: 9473: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9449: 9439: 9433: 9417: 9411: 9410: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9371: 9365: 9359: 9353: 9347: 9346: 9339: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9315: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9289: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9226: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9206:. Archived from 9196: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9013: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9002: 8983: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8950: 8944: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8917: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8884: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8854: 8848: 8847: 8842: 8840: 8814: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8770: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8740: 8731: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8601:on 24 April 2019 8597:. Archived from 8579: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8562: 8551: 8543: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8524:on 21 April 2007 8520:. Archived from 8508: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8488: 8477: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8449:. Archived from 8435: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8401: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8368: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8325: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8308: 8297: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8256: 8247: 8246: 8241: 8239: 8219: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8184: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8149: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8073: 8051: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8034: 8029:. Archived from 8008: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7935: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7876: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7865: 7809: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7764:on 5 August 2019 7763: 7752: 7744: 7723: 7716: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7700: 7695: 7688: 7684: 7679: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7668: 7665: 7662: 7659: 7656: 7653: 7650: 7647: 7644: 7634: 7628: 7625: 7619: 7616: 7584: 7582:Venezuela portal 7579: 7578: 7577: 7556: 7537: 7504:Pastor Maldonado 7495:every 40 years. 7345:Portuguesa State 7319:José Gil Fortoul 7235:Carlos Cruz-Diez 7208:Arturo Michelena 7156: 7134: 7110: 7057:. In Venezuela, 6874:Infant mortality 6752: 6746: 6736: 6726: 6716: 6694:, among others. 6680:Antillean Creole 6651:alemán coloniero 6644:speak mostly an 6497: 6482: 6465: 6454:Moreno (Mestizo) 6450: 6383:afrodescendiente 6264:hydroelectricity 6255: 6252: 6234: 6227: 5972:Margarita Island 5905:shopping centers 5835: 5834: 5827: 5725:drug trafficking 5629:armored vehicles 5588: 5567: 5551:Law of Venezuela 5427:Guayana Esequiba 5276:, Caracas (2014) 4946: 4936: 4909:Capital District 4893: 4883: 4826: 4814: 4813: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4627: 4625: 4624: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4475: 4473: 4472: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4326: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4291: 4282: 4273: 4264: 4255: 4246: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4210: 4201: 4192: 4183: 4174: 4165: 4156: 4147: 4138: 4129: 4120: 4111: 4102: 4093: 4084: 4075: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4039: 4030: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4007: 4006: 3992:and the various 3976:, covers all of 3943:Venezuelan Andes 3920:distrito capital 3880: 3863: 3759:. This includes 3648: 3633: 3260:, the Meta, the 3199:, specially the 3099:Cattleya mossiae 3016:three-toed sloth 2990:xeric scrublands 2853:Leeward Antilles 2770:Guiana Highlands 2759:Guiana Highlands 2658:Unitary Platform 2656:represented the 2585:Supreme Tribunal 2479:Maduro has been 2415:in December 2006 2341:in 1997 and the 2132:1948 Venezuelan 2121: 2015:Grover Cleveland 1862:José Tomás Boves 1826:. A devastating 1715: 1714: 1530–1568 1712: 1665:Juan de Carvajal 1653:Georg von Speyer 1576:sailed near the 1475:Late Pleistocene 1449: 1429: 1401: 1393: 1385: 1379: 1360: 1346: 1327:Amerigo Vespucci 1252:exporters of oil 1130:Capital District 1055: 1046: 1009: 996: 979: 903: 869: 868: 862: 861: 855: 844: 843: 837: 836: 830: 814: 813: 795: 794: 778: 762: 761: 743: 742: 726: 693:30,518,260 ( 641:20 December 1999 637: 612: 253: 236: 235: 233: 232: 231: 226: 222: 219: 218: 217: 214: 199:and largest city 183: 180: 173: 169:Location on the 167: 154: 153: 137: 133: 129: 92: 78: 65: 57: 46: 45: 24013: 24012: 24008: 24007: 24006: 24004: 24003: 24002: 23943: 23942: 23933: 23931: 23927: 23924: 23919: 23916: 23914: 23912: 23911: 23909: 23904: 23903: 23898: 23877: 23826: 23766: 23715: 23675: 23670: 23640: 23635: 23594: 23534: 23352: 23347: 23317: 23312: 23216: 23130: 23125: 23095: 23090: 23078: 23057: 23021: 23000: 22975: 22934: 22883: 22857: 22850: 22845: 22815: 22810: 22785: 22742: 22707: 22691: 22655: 22525: 22516: 22455: 22427: 22422: 22392: 22387: 22378: 22315: 22310: 22280: 22275: 22254: 22213: 22182: 22177: 22147: 22142: 22113: 22100: 22077: 22002: 21995: 21990: 21955: 21947: 21942: 21919: 21908: 21894: 21892: 21862: 21857: 21842: 21835: 21827: 21808: 21788: 21759:Central-Western 21730: 21720: 21643: 21515: 21506: 21488: 21483: 21453: 21448: 21435: 21428: 21421: 21408: 21333: 21314:Public holidays 21247: 21151: 21121: 21116: 21081: 21076: 21057:Communist Party 21036: 21022: 20957:Law enforcement 20876: 20867:Natural Regions 20798: 20646: 20637: 20594: 20588: 20565: 20553: 20493: 20491:Wayback Machine 20480: 20475: 20466: 20464: 20449:Lander, Edgardo 20443: 20438: 20429: 20427: 20420: 20399: 20385:Zakaria, Fareed 20377: 20353: 20328: 20297: 20276: 20252: 20250: 20248: 20216: 20188: 20167: 20145: 20121: 20119: 20117: 20094: 20069: 20050: 20028: 20009: 19990: 19963: 19942: 19916: 19914: 19912: 19891: 19870: 19849: 19829: 19808: 19789: 19767: 19765: 19763: 19742: 19716: 19714: 19712: 19691: 19669:on 11 May 2011. 19666: 19660: 19649: 19633: 19609:Carroll, Rory. 19600: 19598: 19591: 19570: 19551: 19546: 19505: 19500: 19495: 19485: 19483: 19474: 19473: 19469: 19459: 19457: 19446: 19442: 19432: 19430: 19423: 19419: 19409: 19407: 19398: 19397: 19393: 19385: 19378: 19370: 19366: 19358: 19351: 19343: 19339: 19331: 19324: 19316: 19312: 19305: 19291: 19287: 19280: 19266: 19262: 19252: 19250: 19240: 19236: 19226: 19224: 19215: 19214: 19210: 19200: 19198: 19189: 19188: 19184: 19180:, p. 2134. 19176: 19172: 19162: 19160: 19151: 19150: 19146: 19136: 19134: 19133:on 24 July 2015 19123: 19119: 19111: 19107: 19099: 19090: 19082: 19075: 19067: 19063: 19056: 19040: 19036: 19029: 19013: 19009: 19002: 18986: 18982: 18969: 18965: 18958: 18942: 18938: 18931: 18915: 18911: 18901: 18899: 18898:on 18 July 2018 18892:Contexto Diario 18886: 18885: 18878: 18868: 18866: 18855: 18854: 18850: 18840: 18838: 18820:10.1038/510209a 18803: 18797: 18793: 18783: 18781: 18766: 18762: 18752: 18750: 18741: 18740: 18733: 18702: 18698: 18688: 18686: 18681: 18680: 18676: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18657:UNESCO (1988). 18655: 18651: 18641: 18639: 18624: 18620: 18612: 18608: 18600: 18596: 18590:Wayback Machine 18581: 18577: 18566: 18564: 18555: 18554: 18550: 18540: 18538: 18533: 18532: 18528: 18524:(29 July 2007). 18517:Wayback Machine 18507: 18503: 18493: 18491: 18490:. ABC (Spanish) 18484: 18480: 18470: 18468: 18459: 18458: 18454: 18444: 18442: 18433: 18432: 18428: 18418: 18416: 18405: 18401: 18391: 18389: 18388:on 14 June 2008 18380: 18379: 18375: 18365: 18363: 18354: 18353: 18349: 18339: 18337: 18336:on 8 April 2015 18322: 18318: 18309:Wayback Machine 18300: 18296: 18287:Wayback Machine 18277: 18273: 18264:Wayback Machine 18255: 18251: 18241: 18239: 18215: 18211: 18197: 18196: 18192: 18187:. 6 April 2021. 18179: 18178: 18171: 18166:. 18 July 2017. 18158: 18157: 18153: 18142: 18137: 18130: 18120: 18118: 18114: 18107: 18101: 18094: 18083: 18079: 18072: 18056: 18052: 18042: 18040: 18032: 18031: 18027: 18014: 18012: 17985: 17981: 17971: 17969: 17956: 17955: 17948: 17942:Wayback Machine 17933: 17929: 17923:Wayback Machine 17914: 17910: 17897: 17896: 17892: 17882: 17880: 17865: 17856: 17846: 17844: 17833: 17826: 17816: 17814: 17799: 17792: 17782: 17780: 17773:The Independent 17765: 17761: 17751: 17749: 17742:The Independent 17732: 17728: 17718: 17716: 17707: 17706: 17702: 17692: 17690: 17681: 17680: 17676: 17666: 17664: 17653: 17649: 17639: 17637: 17624: 17623: 17619: 17609: 17607: 17594: 17593: 17589: 17579: 17577: 17569: 17563: 17559: 17554: 17550: 17549: 17546: 17545: 17542: 17541: 17529: 17527: 17516: 17512: 17502: 17500: 17491: 17490: 17483: 17473: 17471: 17460: 17453: 17443: 17441: 17433: 17429: 17428: 17424: 17414: 17412: 17403: 17402: 17398: 17388: 17386: 17377: 17376: 17372: 17362: 17360: 17356: 17345: 17341: 17340: 17336: 17330:Wayback Machine 17321: 17317: 17307: 17305: 17290: 17286: 17276: 17274: 17261:(56): 109–132. 17247: 17243: 17235: 17231: 17223: 17219: 17211: 17207: 17197: 17195: 17194:on 2 April 2007 17184: 17180: 17170: 17168: 17159: 17158: 17154: 17148:Wayback Machine 17139: 17135: 17120: 17118: 17109: 17108: 17104: 17094: 17092: 17079: 17078: 17071: 17061: 17059: 17042: 17038: 17028: 17026: 17009: 17005: 16999:Wayback Machine 16990: 16986: 16980:Wayback Machine 16971: 16967: 16957: 16955: 16950:. 7 June 2016. 16942: 16941: 16937: 16927: 16925: 16910: 16906: 16896: 16894: 16879: 16875: 16865: 16863: 16846: 16842: 16832: 16830: 16821: 16820: 16816: 16806: 16804: 16797:El Nuevo Herald 16791: 16790: 16786: 16776: 16774: 16765: 16764: 16760: 16750: 16748: 16737: 16733: 16723: 16721: 16708: 16707: 16703: 16693: 16691: 16676: 16675: 16668: 16658: 16656: 16643: 16639: 16629: 16627: 16620: 16604: 16600: 16590: 16588: 16581: 16570:Venezuela Alive 16565: 16561: 16551: 16549: 16544:. 2 July 2018. 16536: 16535: 16531: 16521: 16519: 16510: 16509: 16505: 16495: 16493: 16476: 16472: 16462: 16460: 16443: 16439: 16429: 16427: 16412: 16411: 16407: 16397: 16395: 16380: 16376: 16366: 16364: 16351: 16350: 16346: 16336: 16334: 16325: 16324: 16320: 16310: 16308: 16293: 16289: 16279: 16277: 16264: 16263: 16259: 16249: 16247: 16232: 16228: 16218: 16216: 16201: 16197: 16191:Wayback Machine 16182: 16178: 16170: 16166: 16156: 16154: 16143: 16139: 16129: 16127: 16123: 16116: 16112: 16111: 16107: 16097: 16095: 16078: 16074: 16061: 16060: 16056: 16046: 16044: 16029: 16028: 16024: 16014: 16012: 15999: 15998: 15994: 15984: 15982: 15969: 15968: 15964: 15954: 15952: 15937: 15933: 15923: 15921: 15906: 15902: 15892: 15890: 15877: 15876: 15872: 15862: 15860: 15847: 15846: 15842: 15837:Wayback Machine 15827: 15823: 15813: 15811: 15802: 15801: 15797: 15787: 15785: 15770: 15766: 15754:Wayback Machine 15745: 15741: 15733: 15729: 15721: 15717: 15707: 15705: 15701: 15694: 15690: 15689: 15685: 15675: 15673: 15660: 15659: 15655: 15645: 15643: 15630: 15629: 15625: 15615: 15613: 15596: 15592: 15582: 15580: 15571: 15570: 15566: 15556: 15554: 15539: 15535: 15525: 15523: 15510: 15509: 15505: 15495: 15493: 15480: 15479: 15475: 15465: 15463: 15454: 15453: 15449: 15439: 15437: 15428: 15427: 15423: 15413: 15411: 15402: 15401: 15397: 15387: 15385: 15370: 15363: 15353: 15351: 15338: 15337: 15333: 15323: 15321: 15312: 15311: 15307: 15297: 15295: 15286: 15285: 15281: 15271: 15269: 15258: 15254: 15244: 15242: 15233:Rueda, Manuel. 15231: 15227: 15217: 15215: 15198: 15194: 15184: 15182: 15167: 15163: 15153: 15151: 15142: 15141: 15137: 15127: 15125: 15116: 15115: 15111: 15101: 15099: 15095: 15088: 15084: 15083: 15079: 15069: 15067: 15054: 15053: 15049: 15039: 15037: 15033: 15022: 15018: 15017: 15010: 15000: 14998: 14986: 14982: 14981: 14974: 14964: 14962: 14951: 14947: 14937: 14935: 14922: 14921: 14917: 14870: 14866: 14856: 14854: 14847:Washington Post 14841: 14840: 14836: 14826: 14824: 14811: 14810: 14806: 14796: 14782: 14781: 14777: 14767: 14765: 14752: 14751: 14747: 14737: 14735: 14726: 14725: 14721: 14711: 14709: 14696: 14695: 14691: 14681: 14679: 14666: 14665: 14661: 14651: 14649: 14636: 14635: 14631: 14621: 14619: 14606: 14605: 14601: 14591: 14589: 14576: 14575: 14571: 14561: 14559: 14546: 14545: 14541: 14531: 14529: 14516: 14515: 14511: 14501: 14499: 14486: 14485: 14481: 14471: 14469: 14456: 14455: 14451: 14441: 14439: 14426: 14425: 14421: 14411: 14409: 14396: 14395: 14391: 14381: 14379: 14366: 14365: 14361: 14351: 14349: 14348:on 10 June 2016 14336: 14335: 14331: 14321: 14319: 14318:on 9 April 2016 14306: 14305: 14301: 14291: 14289: 14276: 14275: 14271: 14261: 14259: 14242: 14235: 14225: 14223: 14222:on 16 June 2016 14210: 14209: 14202: 14192: 14190: 14177: 14176: 14172: 14162: 14160: 14147: 14146: 14139: 14129: 14127: 14114: 14113: 14106: 14096: 14094: 14081: 14080: 14073: 14063: 14061: 14048: 14047: 14043: 14033: 14031: 14018:Milne, Seumas. 14016: 14012: 14002: 14000: 13987: 13986: 13982: 13977: 13973: 13963: 13961: 13952: 13951: 13947: 13937: 13935: 13920: 13916: 13906: 13904: 13895: 13894: 13890: 13880: 13878: 13869: 13868: 13864: 13854: 13852: 13845: 13829: 13825: 13815: 13813: 13800: 13796: 13786: 13784: 13777: 13761: 13757: 13747: 13745: 13732: 13728: 13718: 13716: 13709: 13693: 13689: 13679: 13677: 13670: 13656: 13655: 13651: 13641: 13639: 13626: 13622: 13612: 13610: 13606: 13599: 13595:Zinck, Alfred. 13593: 13584: 13574: 13572: 13559: 13555: 13545: 13543: 13532: 13528: 13518: 13516: 13509: 13493: 13489: 13479: 13477: 13466: 13465: 13461: 13451: 13449: 13442: 13426: 13422: 13412: 13410: 13403: 13387: 13380: 13370: 13368: 13357: 13350: 13340: 13338: 13327: 13320: 13310: 13308: 13301: 13285: 13281: 13271: 13269: 13256: 13249: 13239: 13237: 13230: 13214: 13210: 13200: 13198: 13185: 13181: 13171: 13169: 13162: 13146: 13142: 13132: 13130: 13119: 13118: 13114: 13098: 13097: 13060: 13056: 13046: 13044: 13031: 13030: 13026: 12971: 12967: 12961:Wayback Machine 12952: 12948: 12938:Wayback Machine 12929: 12925: 12920: 12916: 12906: 12904: 12900: 12889: 12885: 12884: 12880: 12870: 12868: 12853: 12849: 12780: 12776: 12766: 12764: 12755: 12754: 12750: 12737: 12733: 12723: 12721: 12712: 12711: 12702: 12691: 12687: 12677: 12675: 12666: 12665: 12661: 12656: 12652: 12642: 12640: 12629: 12622: 12612: 12610: 12597:Lepage, Denis. 12595: 12591: 12583: 12574: 12557: 12556: 12552: 12538: 12536: 12527: 12526: 12522: 12512: 12510: 12501: 12500: 12496: 12486: 12484: 12471: 12470: 12466: 12456: 12454: 12453:on 3 March 2006 12445: 12444: 12440: 12432: 12428: 12418: 12416: 12408: 12404: 12403: 12396: 12390:Wayback Machine 12370: 12368: 12351: 12347: 12337: 12335: 12320: 12319: 12315: 12305: 12303: 12290: 12289: 12285: 12275: 12273: 12272:on 30 July 2024 12269: 12258: 12253: 12252: 12248: 12238: 12236: 12221: 12217: 12207: 12205: 12197: 12196: 12192: 12182: 12180: 12165: 12161: 12151: 12149: 12140: 12139: 12135: 12125: 12123: 12110: 12109: 12105: 12095: 12093: 12080: 12079: 12075: 12065: 12063: 12046: 12042: 12032: 12030: 12023:www.justice.gov 12017: 12016: 12012: 12002: 12000: 11985: 11981: 11971: 11969: 11956: 11955: 11951: 11941: 11939: 11923: 11916: 11914: 11898: 11891: 11889: 11873: 11866: 11864: 11846: 11839: 11837: 11822: 11818: 11808: 11806: 11793: 11792: 11788: 11778: 11776: 11761: 11757: 11747: 11745: 11730: 11726: 11716: 11714: 11699: 11695: 11681: 11679: 11664: 11660: 11641: 11640: 11636: 11626: 11624: 11607: 11603: 11593: 11591: 11578: 11577: 11573: 11563: 11561: 11546: 11545: 11541: 11531: 11529: 11514: 11513: 11509: 11499: 11497: 11482: 11478: 11468: 11466: 11457: 11456: 11452: 11442: 11440: 11425: 11421: 11411: 11409: 11396: 11395: 11391: 11381: 11379: 11362: 11358: 11348: 11346: 11331: 11330: 11326: 11316: 11314: 11301: 11300: 11296: 11286: 11284: 11267: 11263: 11253: 11251: 11236: 11232: 11222: 11220: 11203: 11199: 11189: 11187: 11170: 11166: 11156: 11154: 11137: 11133: 11123: 11121: 11108: 11107: 11103: 11093: 11091: 11076: 11075: 11066: 11056: 11054: 11047:theguardian.com 11039: 11032: 11022: 11020: 11005: 10998: 10988: 10986: 10969: 10965: 10955: 10953: 10940: 10939: 10935: 10925: 10923: 10910: 10909: 10905: 10892: 10891: 10887: 10877: 10875: 10860: 10853: 10843: 10841: 10824: 10820: 10810: 10808: 10795: 10794: 10790: 10780: 10778: 10763: 10759: 10749: 10747: 10732: 10728: 10718: 10716: 10701: 10700: 10696: 10686: 10684: 10669: 10665: 10655: 10653: 10638: 10634: 10624: 10622: 10613: 10612: 10608: 10598: 10596: 10579: 10575: 10565: 10563: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10530: 10528: 10511: 10507: 10497: 10495: 10482: 10481: 10474: 10468:Wayback Machine 10459: 10455: 10449:Wayback Machine 10439: 10435: 10425: 10423: 10406: 10402: 10396:Wayback Machine 10386: 10382: 10373: 10366: 10360:Wayback Machine 10351: 10344: 10338:Wayback Machine 10329: 10325: 10319:Wayback Machine 10310: 10306: 10296: 10294: 10285: 10284: 10280: 10274:López Maya 2005 10272: 10268: 10260: 10256: 10246: 10244: 10235: 10229: 10225: 10212: 10210: 10197: 10196: 10189: 10179: 10174: 10170: 10163: 10146: 10142: 10132: 10130: 10103: 10099: 10088: 10084: 10074: 10072: 10037: 10033: 9988: 9984: 9939: 9935: 9927: 9923: 9913: 9911: 9892: 9888: 9857:10.2307/3678723 9838: 9834: 9826: 9822: 9812: 9810: 9801: 9800: 9796: 9786:Wayback Machine 9776: 9769: 9759: 9757: 9750: 9734: 9730: 9720: 9718: 9709: 9708: 9704: 9696: 9692: 9684: 9677: 9667: 9665: 9654:"Simon Bolivar" 9650: 9646: 9638: 9634: 9624: 9622: 9611: 9607: 9599: 9595: 9587: 9583: 9573: 9571: 9562: 9561: 9557: 9552: 9548: 9543: 9539: 9529: 9527: 9516: 9512: 9502: 9500: 9489: 9485: 9480: 9476: 9468: 9464: 9456: 9452: 9440: 9436: 9427:Wayback Machine 9418: 9414: 9404: 9399: 9395: 9387: 9374: 9366: 9362: 9354: 9350: 9341: 9340: 9336: 9328: 9324: 9316: 9312: 9302: 9300: 9290: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9261: 9260: 9256: 9246: 9244: 9227: 9223: 9213: 9211: 9210:on 26 July 2024 9198: 9197: 9193: 9183: 9181: 9168: 9167: 9163: 9153: 9151: 9134: 9130: 9120: 9118: 9117:on 4 April 2016 9103: 9102: 9098: 9088: 9086: 9068: 9061: 9059: 9041: 9034: 9032: 9014: 9010: 9000: 8998: 8985: 8984: 8980: 8970: 8968: 8951: 8947: 8937: 8935: 8918: 8911: 8901: 8899: 8886: 8885: 8881: 8871: 8869: 8856: 8855: 8851: 8838: 8836: 8827:The Chosun Ilbo 8821: 8815: 8811: 8801: 8799: 8784: 8780: 8764: 8763: 8756: 8754: 8743: 8741: 8734: 8730: 8721:Wayback Machine 8704:Wayback Machine 8686:Wayback Machine 8667: 8663: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8566: 8564: 8560: 8549: 8545: 8544: 8537: 8527: 8525: 8512:"South America" 8510: 8509: 8502: 8492: 8490: 8486: 8475: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8453:on 10 June 2010 8437: 8436: 8432: 8422: 8420: 8403: 8402: 8391: 8381: 8379: 8370: 8369: 8352: 8342: 8340: 8327: 8326: 8322: 8312: 8310: 8306: 8295: 8291: 8290: 8286: 8276: 8274: 8266:Washington Post 8257: 8250: 8237: 8235: 8220: 8213: 8203: 8201: 8186: 8185: 8176: 8166: 8164: 8151: 8150: 8146: 8136: 8134: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8088: 8084: 8071: 8069: 8052: 8048: 8038: 8036: 8035:on 30 July 2024 8009: 8005: 7995: 7993: 7980: 7979: 7975: 7968: 7954: 7950: 7944: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7877: 7873: 7863: 7861: 7810: 7803: 7793: 7791: 7782: 7781: 7777: 7767: 7765: 7761: 7750: 7746: 7745: 7736: 7732: 7727: 7726: 7717: 7713: 7702: 7701: 7693: 7686: 7682: 7641: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7626: 7622: 7617: 7613: 7608: 7580: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7563: 7557: 7548: 7543:is used by the 7538: 7458: 7448: 7442: 7376:"Caballo viejo" 7337: 7331: 7283:Rómulo Gallegos 7257: 7251: 7224:kinetic artists 7216:Armando Reverón 7212:Cristóbal Rojas 7177: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7148: 7135: 7126: 7111: 7036: 7009: 7003: 6950: 6944: 6849: 6841:Main articles: 6839: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6748: 6744: 6742: 6734: 6732: 6724: 6722: 6714: 6706: 6700: 6678:. A variety of 6587: 6581: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6498: 6490: 6489: 6483: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6466: 6458: 6457: 6451: 6342: 6336: 6284: 6278: 6272: 6256: 6250: 6247: 6240:needs expansion 6225: 6219: 6203:Maracaibo Metro 6153: 6147: 6142: 6120:A map of world 6070: 6060: 6020: 6014: 5962: 5956: 5924:Great Recession 5859: 5858: 5857: 5854: 5849: 5836: 5832: 5803:monetary policy 5754: 5748: 5685: 5679: 5671:Democracy Index 5650: 5644: 5614:Financial Times 5609: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5597: 5592: 5589: 5580: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5557: 5549:Main articles: 5547: 5539:age of majority 5515:Venezuelan Navy 5511:Venezuelan Army 5479: 5473: 5416:Delcy Rodríguez 5337: 5331: 5304:Financial Times 5266: 5261: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4894: 4888: 4884: 4828: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4811: 4805: 4774: 4772: 4754: 4752: 4736: 4734: 4716: 4714: 4698: 4696: 4678: 4676: 4660: 4658: 4640: 4638: 4622: 4620: 4602: 4600: 4584: 4582: 4564: 4562: 4546: 4544: 4526: 4524: 4508: 4506: 4488: 4486: 4470: 4468: 4450: 4448: 4432: 4430: 4412: 4410: 4394: 4392: 4374: 4372: 4356: 4354: 4336: 4334: 4330:Puerto Ayacucho 4317: 4315: 4295: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4012: 3974:Gulf of Cariaco 3904: 3896:Main articles: 3894: 3887: 3881: 3872: 3864: 3828:Continental Law 3826:belongs to the 3745: 3735: 3719:Main articles: 3717: 3663: 3656: 3649: 3640: 3634: 3558: 3400:, folded in an 3328:that since the 3326:tectonic plates 3318: 3220: 3145:is part of the 2954: 2926:Main articles: 2924: 2875: 2869: 2737:and longitudes 2711: 2705: 2603:Maduro won the 2506:Antonio Ledezma 2435: 2429: 2423: 2335:social movement 2312:Néstor Kirchner 2304: 2296:Main articles: 2294: 2209:Rafael Trujillo 2115: 2105:Rómulo Gallegos 2055: 2043:another dispute 2023:Cipriano Castro 2011:Monroe Doctrine 1909:Rafael Urdaneta 1873:French invasion 1871:The end of the 1786: 1780: 1713: 1697: 1667:had Hutten and 1606: 1555: 1543:Main articles: 1541: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1450: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1430: 1419: 1414: 1408: 1321:in the area of 1315:Alonso de Ojeda 1311: 1240:civil liberties 1175:riots of 1989, 1063: 1058:Bolívar digital 898: 886: 866: 865: 864: 853: 841: 840: 839: 828: 807: 788: 776: 755: 736: 720: 704: 690: 673: 659: 638: 633: 623: 616:13 January 1830 613: 607: 597: 557:Delcy Rodríguez 553: 538: 494: 476: 441: 433: 426:Afro-Venezuelan 406: 396: 263: 262: 251: 229: 227: 223: 220: 215: 212: 210: 208: 207: 206: 200: 192: 185: 184: 181: 174: 168: 156: 155: 141: 135: 134: 131: 113: 100: 99: 98: 93: 85: 84: 79: 66: 59: 51: 42: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 24011: 24001: 24000: 23995: 23990: 23985: 23980: 23975: 23970: 23965: 23960: 23955: 23906: 23905: 23900: 23899: 23897: 23896: 23891: 23885: 23883: 23879: 23878: 23876: 23875: 23870: 23865: 23860: 23855: 23850: 23845: 23840: 23834: 23832: 23828: 23827: 23825: 23824: 23819: 23814: 23809: 23804: 23799: 23797:2009 Argentina 23794: 23789: 23784: 23778: 23776: 23772: 23771: 23768: 23767: 23765: 23764: 23759: 23754: 23749: 23744: 23739: 23734: 23729: 23723: 23721: 23717: 23716: 23714: 23713: 23708: 23703: 23698: 23692: 23690: 23683: 23677: 23676: 23669: 23668: 23661: 23654: 23646: 23637: 23636: 23634: 23633: 23628: 23623: 23618: 23613: 23608: 23602: 23600: 23596: 23595: 23593: 23592: 23587: 23582: 23577: 23572: 23567: 23562: 23557: 23552: 23546: 23544: 23540: 23539: 23536: 23535: 23533: 23532: 23527: 23522: 23517: 23512: 23507: 23502: 23497: 23492: 23487: 23482: 23477: 23472: 23467: 23462: 23457: 23452: 23447: 23442: 23437: 23432: 23427: 23422: 23417: 23412: 23407: 23402: 23397: 23392: 23387: 23382: 23377: 23372: 23366: 23360: 23354: 23353: 23346: 23345: 23338: 23331: 23323: 23314: 23313: 23311: 23310: 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Arab Games 22796: 22790: 22787: 22786: 22784: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22772: 22771: 22766: 22756: 22750: 22748: 22744: 22743: 22741: 22740: 22735: 22730: 22725: 22719: 22717: 22713: 22712: 22709: 22708: 22706: 22705: 22699: 22697: 22693: 22692: 22690: 22689: 22684: 22679: 22674: 22669: 22663: 22661: 22657: 22656: 22654: 22653: 22648: 22643: 22638: 22633: 22628: 22623: 22618: 22613: 22608: 22603: 22598: 22593: 22588: 22583: 22578: 22573: 22568: 22563: 22558: 22553: 22548: 22542: 22540: 22531: 22527: 22526: 22519: 22517: 22515: 22514: 22509: 22504: 22501: 22496: 22491: 22486: 22481: 22476: 22471: 22465: 22463: 22457: 22456: 22454: 22453: 22443: 22432: 22429: 22428: 22421: 22420: 22413: 22406: 22398: 22389: 22388: 22381: 22379: 22377: 22376: 22371: 22366: 22361: 22356: 22351: 22346: 22341: 22336: 22331: 22325: 22323: 22317: 22316: 22309: 22308: 22301: 22294: 22286: 22277: 22276: 22274: 22273: 22268: 22262: 22260: 22256: 22255: 22253: 22252: 22247: 22242: 22237: 22232: 22227: 22221: 22219: 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21626: 21621: 21616: 21611: 21606: 21601: 21596: 21591: 21586: 21581: 21576: 21571: 21566: 21561: 21556: 21551: 21546: 21541: 21536: 21531: 21525: 21523: 21517: 21516: 21509: 21507: 21505: 21504: 21498: 21496: 21490: 21489: 21482: 21481: 21474: 21467: 21459: 21450: 21449: 21447: 21446: 21441: 21434: 21433: 21426: 21418: 21417: 21414: 21413: 21410: 21409: 21407: 21406: 21405: 21404: 21399: 21394: 21384: 21379: 21374: 21369: 21367:Miss Venezuela 21364: 21359: 21354: 21349: 21343: 21341: 21335: 21334: 21332: 21331: 21326: 21321: 21316: 21311: 21306: 21301: 21296: 21291: 21286: 21281: 21276: 21271: 21265: 21259: 21253: 21252: 21249: 21248: 21246: 21245: 21240: 21235: 21230: 21228:Stock Exchange 21225: 21220: 21215: 21210: 21205: 21204: 21203: 21198: 21188: 21183: 21177: 21171: 21165: 21164: 21161: 21160: 21157: 21156: 21153: 21152: 21150: 21149: 21144: 21139: 21134: 21128: 21126: 21118: 21117: 21115: 21114: 21112:Come Venezuela 21109: 21104: 21099: 21094: 21088: 21086: 21078: 21077: 21075: 21074: 21069: 21064: 21059: 21054: 21049: 21043: 21041: 21030: 21021: 21020: 21015: 21014: 21013: 21003: 21002: 21001: 20996: 20994:Vice President 20991: 20981: 20980: 20979: 20969: 20964: 20959: 20954: 20949: 20944: 20939: 20938: 20937: 20932: 20922: 20917: 20916: 20915: 20905: 20900: 20894: 20888: 20882: 20881: 20878: 20877: 20875: 20874: 20869: 20864: 20862:National parks 20859: 20854: 20849: 20844: 20839: 20834: 20833: 20832: 20822: 20816: 20810: 20804: 20803: 20800: 20799: 20797: 20796: 20791: 20786: 20781: 20776: 20771: 20766: 20761: 20759:Vargas tragedy 20756: 20751: 20746: 20741: 20736: 20734:Puntofijo Pact 20731: 20726: 20721: 20716: 20714:1902–03 crisis 20711: 20706: 20701: 20696: 20691: 20686: 20676: 20671: 20666: 20660: 20654: 20648: 20647: 20636: 20635: 20628: 20621: 20613: 20607: 20606: 20601: 20591: 20582: 20573: 20568: 20550: 20541: 20535: 20526: 20517: 20501: 20496: 20479: 20478:External links 20476: 20474: 20473: 20451:(April 2014). 20444: 20442: 20439: 20437: 20436: 20426:on 11 May 2011 20418: 20403: 20397: 20381: 20375: 20361:Yergin, Daniel 20357: 20351: 20332: 20326: 20311: 20301: 20295: 20280: 20274: 20259: 20246: 20227: 20220: 20214: 20199: 20192: 20186: 20171: 20165: 20149: 20143: 20128: 20115: 20098: 20092: 20073: 20067: 20054: 20048: 20032: 20026: 20013: 20007: 19994: 19988: 19967: 19961: 19946: 19940: 19923: 19910: 19895: 19889: 19874: 19868: 19853: 19847: 19833: 19827: 19812: 19806: 19793: 19787: 19774: 19761: 19746: 19740: 19723: 19710: 19695: 19689: 19671: 19658: 19637: 19631: 19614: 19607: 19589: 19574: 19568: 19552: 19550: 19547: 19545: 19544: 19524:(3): 285–302. 19506: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19496: 19494: 19493: 19467: 19456:on 6 July 2015 19440: 19417: 19391: 19376: 19374:, p. 307. 19364: 19349: 19337: 19322: 19320:, p. 306. 19310: 19303: 19285: 19278: 19260: 19234: 19208: 19182: 19170: 19159:on 2 July 2015 19144: 19117: 19115:, p. 519. 19105: 19088: 19073: 19061: 19054: 19034: 19027: 19007: 19000: 18980: 18963: 18956: 18936: 18929: 18909: 18876: 18848: 18791: 18760: 18731: 18718:10.1086/590461 18696: 18674: 18649: 18618: 18606: 18594: 18575: 18548: 18526: 18501: 18478: 18452: 18426: 18415:on 12 May 2009 18399: 18373: 18347: 18316: 18294: 18271: 18249: 18238:on 20 May 2011 18209: 18190: 18169: 18151: 18128: 18092: 18077: 18070: 18050: 18025: 17995:(in Italian). 17979: 17946: 17927: 17908: 17890: 17854: 17824: 17790: 17759: 17726: 17700: 17674: 17647: 17617: 17587: 17576:on 6 July 2011 17557: 17537: 17510: 17481: 17451: 17422: 17396: 17370: 17334: 17315: 17284: 17241: 17239:, p. 767. 17229: 17217: 17205: 17178: 17152: 17133: 17102: 17069: 17054:(in Spanish). 17036: 17003: 16984: 16965: 16935: 16904: 16893:on 7 July 2016 16873: 16840: 16814: 16795:(in Spanish). 16784: 16758: 16731: 16701: 16666: 16637: 16618: 16598: 16579: 16559: 16529: 16503: 16470: 16452:Bloomberg News 16437: 16405: 16374: 16344: 16318: 16287: 16257: 16240:Foreign Policy 16226: 16195: 16176: 16174:, p. 207. 16164: 16137: 16105: 16072: 16054: 16022: 15992: 15962: 15931: 15900: 15870: 15840: 15821: 15795: 15764: 15739: 15727: 15715: 15683: 15653: 15623: 15590: 15564: 15533: 15503: 15473: 15447: 15421: 15410:on 3 July 2015 15395: 15378:The New Yorker 15361: 15331: 15305: 15279: 15252: 15225: 15192: 15161: 15135: 15109: 15077: 15047: 15008: 14972: 14945: 14915: 14864: 14834: 14804: 14794: 14775: 14745: 14719: 14689: 14659: 14629: 14599: 14588:on 30 May 2016 14569: 14539: 14528:on 14 May 2016 14509: 14479: 14449: 14419: 14408:on 5 June 2016 14389: 14359: 14329: 14299: 14269: 14233: 14200: 14170: 14137: 14104: 14087:ProDavinci.com 14071: 14041: 14010: 13980: 13971: 13945: 13914: 13903:on 10 May 2011 13888: 13862: 13843: 13823: 13794: 13775: 13755: 13726: 13707: 13687: 13668: 13649: 13620: 13609:on 7 June 2021 13582: 13553: 13526: 13507: 13487: 13459: 13440: 13420: 13401: 13378: 13348: 13318: 13299: 13279: 13247: 13228: 13208: 13179: 13160: 13140: 13112: 13054: 13024: 12965: 12946: 12923: 12914: 12903:on 3 July 2007 12878: 12847: 12774: 12748: 12731: 12700: 12685: 12659: 12650: 12620: 12589: 12572: 12550: 12535:on 6 July 2013 12520: 12494: 12464: 12438: 12426: 12394: 12345: 12313: 12283: 12246: 12215: 12190: 12159: 12133: 12103: 12073: 12040: 12010: 11979: 11949: 11816: 11786: 11755: 11724: 11693: 11658: 11634: 11601: 11571: 11539: 11507: 11476: 11450: 11419: 11408:on 28 May 2014 11389: 11356: 11324: 11294: 11276:Foreign Policy 11261: 11230: 11197: 11164: 11131: 11101: 11064: 11030: 10996: 10963: 10933: 10903: 10885: 10851: 10818: 10788: 10757: 10726: 10694: 10663: 10632: 10606: 10573: 10541: 10505: 10472: 10453: 10433: 10400: 10380: 10364: 10342: 10323: 10304: 10278: 10266: 10264:, p. 295. 10254: 10223: 10187: 10168: 10161: 10151:(2010). "10". 10149:Rivero, Mirtha 10140: 10113:(in Spanish). 10097: 10082: 10051:(2): 223–238. 10031: 9982: 9933: 9921: 9886: 9832: 9820: 9794: 9767: 9748: 9728: 9702: 9690: 9675: 9644: 9642:, p. 103. 9632: 9605: 9593: 9591:, p. 203. 9581: 9555: 9546: 9537: 9510: 9483: 9474: 9462: 9460:, p. 103. 9450: 9434: 9412: 9393: 9391:, p. 130. 9372: 9370:, p. 172. 9360: 9348: 9334: 9332:, p. 189. 9322: 9320:, p. 153. 9310: 9284: 9254: 9221: 9191: 9161: 9128: 9096: 9008: 8978: 8945: 8909: 8879: 8849: 8809: 8792:Foreign Policy 8778: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8711: 8693: 8675: 8668: 8661: 8630:(3): 303–308. 8612: 8574: 8547:"Annex tables" 8535: 8500: 8464: 8430: 8389: 8350: 8320: 8284: 8248: 8211: 8174: 8157:CNN en Español 8144: 8113: 8082: 8046: 8003: 7973: 7966: 7948: 7942: 7914: 7871: 7824:(1): 102–104. 7801: 7775: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7711: 7629: 7620: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7558: 7551: 7549: 7539: 7532: 7444:Main article: 7441: 7438: 7407:Teresa Carreño 7333:Main article: 7330: 7327: 7253:Main article: 7250: 7247: 7191:Venezuelan art 7175:Venezuelan art 7173:Main article: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7158: 7151: 7149: 7136: 7129: 7127: 7112: 7105: 7068:Spanish Empire 7047:Baralt Theatre 7035: 7032: 7016:Música Llanera 7005:Main article: 7002: 6999: 6946:Main article: 6943: 6940: 6838: 6835: 6761:Roman Catholic 6749: 6743: 6733: 6723: 6713: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6702:Main article: 6699: 6696: 6630:Puerto la Cruz 6583:Main article: 6580: 6577: 6512:Canary Islands 6499: 6492: 6491: 6484: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6467: 6460: 6459: 6452: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6338:Main article: 6335: 6332: 6289:Ciudad Guayana 6274:Main article: 6271: 6268: 6258: 6257: 6237: 6235: 6218: 6215: 6207:Valencia Metro 6184:Puerto Cabello 6149:Main article: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6140:Infrastructure 6138: 6059: 6056: 6016:Main article: 6013: 6010: 5958:Main article: 5955: 5952: 5863:Ciudad Guayana 5855: 5851: 5850: 5839: 5837: 5830: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5750:Main article: 5747: 5744: 5681:Main article: 5678: 5675: 5646:Main article: 5643: 5640: 5590: 5583: 5582: 5581: 5569: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5546: 5543: 5472: 5469: 5441:United Nations 5420:Nicolás Maduro 5366:Middle Eastern 5333:Main article: 5330: 5327: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5079: 5077:Puerto la Cruz 5074: 5071: 5068: 5063: 5061:Ciudad Guayana 5058: 5054: 5053: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5003: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4986: 4985: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4930: 4927: 4922: 4920:Ciudad Bolívar 4917: 4914: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4898: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4812: 4807:Main article: 4804: 4803:Largest cities 4801: 4798: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4783: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4750: 4745: 4731: 4730: 4725: 4712: 4707: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4674: 4669: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4636: 4631: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4598: 4593: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4560: 4555: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4522: 4520:Ciudad Bolívar 4517: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4484: 4479: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4446: 4441: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4408: 4403: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4370: 4365: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4332: 4327: 4311: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4290:Atlantic Ocean 4286: 4277: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4160: 4151: 4142: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4106: 4097: 4088: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4025: 4016: 3986:Insular Region 3955:Lake Maracaibo 3893: 3890: 3889: 3888: 3882: 3875: 3873: 3865: 3858: 3799:rule by decree 3782:, and is both 3716: 3713: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3641: 3635: 3628: 3595:Andean valleys 3567:Maracaibo Lake 3557: 3554: 3549: 3548: 3535: 3534: 3516: 3515: 3500:) in Venezuela 3479: 3478: 3465:Lake Maracaibo 3461: 3460: 3439: 3438: 3428: 3427: 3317: 3314: 3310:Guri reservoir 3270:Esequibo River 3219: 3216: 3052:giant anteater 3020:two-toed sloth 2980:, Venezuela's 2923: 2920: 2871:Main article: 2868: 2865: 2857:Essequibo area 2824:Archipiélago, 2792:alluvial soils 2707:Main article: 2704: 2701: 2614:narcoterrorism 2554:fled Venezuela 2517:which included 2502:Leopoldo López 2474:Nicolás Maduro 2466:Nicolás Maduro 2425:Main article: 2422: 2419: 2400:Capital flight 2293: 2290: 2197:Rafael Caldera 2182:Puntofijo Pact 2180:), signed the 2054: 2051: 1995:British Guiana 1782:Main article: 1779: 1776: 1696: 1693: 1605: 1602: 1540: 1537: 1533:slash and burn 1513:, a staple in 1451: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1431: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1410:Main article: 1407: 1404: 1323:Lake Maracaibo 1310: 1307: 1256:hyperinflation 1204:social welfare 1195:, where a new 1124:consisting of 1112:on the south, 1102:Atlantic Ocean 1065: 1064: 1062: 1061: 1048: 1039: 1002: 989: 971: 968: 967: 962: 956: 955: 950: 944: 943: 938: 932: 931: 928: 922: 921: 914: 910: 909: 896: 892: 891: 880: 876: 875: 856: 846: 845: 831: 821: 820: 808: 805: 802: 801: 789: 786: 783: 782: 779: 769: 768: 756: 753: 750: 749: 737: 734: 731: 730: 727: 713: 712: 705: 703:• Density 702: 699: 698: 691: 688: 685: 684: 678: 677: 674: 671: 668: 667: 660: 657: 654: 653: 647: 646: 643: 642: 639: 631: 628: 627: 624: 621: 618: 617: 614: 605: 602: 601: 598: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 574: 573: 568: 564: 563: 560: 559: 554: 551:Vice President 548: 545: 544: 542:Nicolás Maduro 539: 533: 530: 529: 526: 525: 514: 508: 507: 502: 496: 495: 493: 492: 489: 483: 477: 475: 474: 473: 472: 466: 460: 458:Roman Catholic 447: 444: 442: 439: 435: 434: 432: 431: 428: 422: 416: 409: 407: 404: 398: 397: 395: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 258: 257: 256: 254: 248: 247: 242: 238: 237: 201: 198: 194: 193: 186: 175: 162: 161: 158: 157: 139: 138: 116: 115: 102: 101: 94: 87: 86: 80: 73: 72: 71: 68: 67: 52: 49: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 24010: 23999: 23996: 23994: 23991: 23989: 23986: 23984: 23981: 23979: 23976: 23974: 23971: 23969: 23966: 23964: 23961: 23959: 23956: 23954: 23951: 23950: 23948: 23941: 23938: 23895: 23892: 23890: 23887: 23886: 23884: 23880: 23874: 23871: 23869: 23866: 23864: 23861: 23859: 23856: 23854: 23851: 23849: 23846: 23844: 23841: 23839: 23836: 23835: 23833: 23829: 23823: 23820: 23818: 23815: 23813: 23810: 23808: 23805: 23803: 23800: 23798: 23795: 23793: 23790: 23788: 23785: 23783: 23780: 23779: 23777: 23773: 23763: 23760: 23758: 23755: 23753: 23750: 23748: 23745: 23743: 23740: 23738: 23735: 23733: 23730: 23728: 23725: 23724: 23722: 23718: 23712: 23709: 23707: 23704: 23702: 23699: 23697: 23694: 23693: 23691: 23687: 23684: 23682: 23678: 23674: 23667: 23662: 23660: 23655: 23653: 23648: 23647: 23644: 23632: 23629: 23627: 23624: 23622: 23619: 23617: 23614: 23612: 23609: 23607: 23604: 23603: 23601: 23597: 23591: 23588: 23586: 23583: 23581: 23578: 23576: 23573: 23571: 23568: 23566: 23563: 23561: 23558: 23556: 23553: 23551: 23548: 23547: 23545: 23541: 23531: 23528: 23526: 23523: 23521: 23520:United States 23518: 23516: 23513: 23511: 23508: 23506: 23503: 23501: 23498: 23496: 23493: 23491: 23488: 23486: 23483: 23481: 23478: 23476: 23473: 23471: 23468: 23466: 23463: 23461: 23458: 23456: 23453: 23451: 23448: 23446: 23443: 23441: 23438: 23436: 23433: 23431: 23428: 23426: 23423: 23421: 23418: 23416: 23413: 23411: 23408: 23406: 23403: 23401: 23398: 23396: 23393: 23391: 23388: 23386: 23383: 23381: 23378: 23376: 23373: 23371: 23368: 23367: 23364: 23361: 23359: 23355: 23351: 23344: 23339: 23337: 23332: 23330: 23325: 23324: 23321: 23309: 23306: 23304: 23301: 23299: 23296: 23294: 23291: 23289: 23286: 23284: 23281: 23279: 23276: 23274: 23271: 23269: 23266: 23264: 23261: 23259: 23256: 23254: 23251: 23249: 23246: 23244: 23241: 23239: 23236: 23234: 23231: 23229: 23226: 23225: 23223: 23219: 23213: 23210: 23208: 23205: 23203: 23200: 23198: 23195: 23193: 23190: 23188: 23185: 23183: 23180: 23178: 23175: 23173: 23170: 23168: 23165: 23163: 23160: 23158: 23155: 23153: 23150: 23148: 23145: 23143: 23140: 23139: 23137: 23133: 23129: 23122: 23117: 23115: 23110: 23108: 23103: 23102: 23099: 23089: 23085: 23081: 23075: 23072: 23070: 23067: 23066: 23064: 23060: 23054: 23051: 23049: 23046: 23044: 23041: 23039: 23036: 23034: 23031: 23030: 23028: 23024: 23018: 23015: 23013: 23010: 23009: 23007: 23003: 22997: 22994: 22992: 22989: 22988: 22986: 22982: 22972: 22969: 22967: 22964: 22962: 22959: 22957: 22954: 22952: 22949: 22947: 22944: 22943: 22941: 22937: 22930: 22927: 22925: 22922: 22920: 22917: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22907: 22905: 22902: 22901: 22899: 22895: 22892: 22890: 22886: 22880: 22879:Visa policies 22877: 22875: 22872: 22870: 22867: 22866: 22864: 22860: 22853: 22849: 22842: 22837: 22835: 22830: 22828: 22823: 22822: 22819: 22805: 22802: 22801: 22800: 22797: 22795: 22792: 22791: 22788: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22770: 22767: 22765: 22762: 22761: 22760: 22757: 22755: 22752: 22751: 22749: 22745: 22739: 22736: 22734: 22731: 22729: 22726: 22724: 22721: 22720: 22718: 22714: 22704: 22701: 22700: 22698: 22694: 22688: 22685: 22683: 22680: 22678: 22675: 22673: 22670: 22668: 22665: 22664: 22662: 22658: 22652: 22649: 22647: 22644: 22642: 22639: 22637: 22634: 22632: 22629: 22627: 22624: 22622: 22619: 22617: 22614: 22612: 22609: 22607: 22604: 22602: 22599: 22597: 22594: 22592: 22589: 22587: 22584: 22582: 22579: 22577: 22574: 22572: 22569: 22567: 22564: 22562: 22559: 22557: 22554: 22552: 22549: 22547: 22544: 22543: 22541: 22539: 22535: 22532: 22528: 22523: 22513: 22510: 22508: 22505: 22502: 22500: 22497: 22495: 22492: 22490: 22487: 22485: 22482: 22480: 22477: 22475: 22472: 22470: 22467: 22466: 22464: 22462: 22458: 22452: 22444: 22442: 22434: 22433: 22430: 22426: 22419: 22414: 22412: 22407: 22405: 22400: 22399: 22396: 22385: 22375: 22372: 22370: 22367: 22365: 22362: 22360: 22357: 22355: 22352: 22350: 22347: 22345: 22342: 22340: 22337: 22335: 22332: 22330: 22327: 22326: 22324: 22322: 22321:Member states 22318: 22314: 22307: 22302: 22300: 22295: 22293: 22288: 22287: 22284: 22272: 22269: 22267: 22264: 22263: 22261: 22257: 22251: 22248: 22246: 22243: 22241: 22238: 22236: 22233: 22231: 22228: 22226: 22223: 22222: 22220: 22216: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22200: 22197: 22195: 22192: 22191: 22189: 22185: 22181: 22174: 22169: 22167: 22162: 22160: 22155: 22154: 22151: 22137: 22134: 22133: 22132: 22128: 22125: 22124: 22122: 22120: 22116: 22111: 22095: 22094:French Guiana 22092: 22091: 22090: 22087: 22086: 22084: 22080: 22074: 22071: 22069: 22066: 22064: 22061: 22059: 22056: 22054: 22051: 22049: 22046: 22044: 22041: 22039: 22036: 22034: 22031: 22029: 22026: 22024: 22021: 22019: 22016: 22015: 22013: 22009: 22006: 22004: 21998: 21994: 21987: 21982: 21980: 21975: 21973: 21968: 21967: 21964: 21958: 21951: 21939: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21927: 21923: 21918: 21915: 21914: 21911: 21907: 21903: 21898: 21889: 21884: 21882: 21877: 21875: 21870: 21869: 21866: 21855: 21851: 21845: 21834: 21831: 21826: 21823: 21822: 21821: 21818: 21817: 21815: 21811: 21805: 21804: 21800: 21799: 21797: 21795: 21791: 21785: 21782: 21780: 21777: 21775: 21772: 21770: 21767: 21765: 21762: 21760: 21757: 21755: 21752: 21750: 21747: 21745: 21742: 21741: 21739: 21737: 21733: 21727: 21724: 21719: 21715: 21713: 21710: 21708: 21705: 21703: 21700: 21698: 21695: 21693: 21690: 21688: 21685: 21683: 21680: 21678: 21675: 21673: 21670: 21668: 21665: 21663: 21660: 21658: 21655: 21654: 21652: 21650: 21646: 21640: 21637: 21635: 21632: 21630: 21627: 21625: 21622: 21620: 21617: 21615: 21612: 21610: 21609:Nueva Esparta 21607: 21605: 21602: 21600: 21597: 21595: 21592: 21590: 21587: 21585: 21582: 21580: 21577: 21575: 21572: 21570: 21569:Delta Amacuro 21567: 21565: 21562: 21560: 21557: 21555: 21552: 21550: 21547: 21545: 21542: 21540: 21537: 21535: 21532: 21530: 21527: 21526: 21524: 21522: 21518: 21513: 21503: 21500: 21499: 21497: 21495: 21491: 21487: 21480: 21475: 21473: 21468: 21466: 21461: 21460: 21457: 21445: 21442: 21440: 21437: 21436: 21431: 21427: 21424: 21420: 21419: 21415: 21403: 21400: 21398: 21395: 21393: 21390: 21389: 21388: 21385: 21383: 21380: 21378: 21375: 21373: 21370: 21368: 21365: 21363: 21360: 21358: 21355: 21353: 21350: 21348: 21345: 21344: 21342: 21340: 21336: 21330: 21327: 21325: 21322: 21320: 21317: 21315: 21312: 21310: 21307: 21305: 21302: 21300: 21297: 21295: 21292: 21290: 21287: 21285: 21282: 21280: 21277: 21275: 21272: 21270: 21267: 21266: 21263: 21260: 21258: 21254: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21231: 21229: 21226: 21224: 21221: 21219: 21216: 21214: 21211: 21209: 21206: 21202: 21199: 21197: 21194: 21193: 21192: 21189: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21179: 21178: 21175: 21172: 21170: 21166: 21148: 21145: 21143: 21140: 21138: 21135: 21133: 21130: 21129: 21127: 21124: 21119: 21113: 21110: 21108: 21105: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21092:Justice First 21090: 21089: 21087: 21084: 21079: 21073: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21063: 21060: 21058: 21055: 21053: 21050: 21048: 21045: 21044: 21042: 21039: 21034: 21031: 21029: 21025: 21019: 21016: 21012: 21009: 21008: 21007: 21004: 21000: 20997: 20995: 20992: 20990: 20987: 20986: 20985: 20982: 20978: 20975: 20974: 20973: 20970: 20968: 20965: 20963: 20960: 20958: 20955: 20953: 20950: 20948: 20945: 20943: 20940: 20936: 20933: 20931: 20928: 20927: 20926: 20923: 20921: 20918: 20914: 20911: 20910: 20909: 20906: 20904: 20901: 20899: 20896: 20895: 20892: 20889: 20887: 20883: 20873: 20870: 20868: 20865: 20863: 20860: 20858: 20855: 20853: 20850: 20848: 20845: 20843: 20840: 20838: 20835: 20831: 20828: 20827: 20826: 20823: 20821: 20818: 20817: 20814: 20811: 20809: 20805: 20795: 20792: 20790: 20787: 20785: 20782: 20780: 20777: 20775: 20772: 20770: 20767: 20765: 20762: 20760: 20757: 20755: 20752: 20750: 20747: 20745: 20742: 20740: 20739:El Carupanazo 20737: 20735: 20732: 20730: 20727: 20725: 20722: 20720: 20717: 20715: 20712: 20710: 20707: 20705: 20702: 20700: 20697: 20695: 20692: 20690: 20687: 20684: 20683:reunification 20680: 20679:Gran Colombia 20677: 20675: 20672: 20670: 20667: 20665: 20662: 20661: 20658: 20655: 20653: 20649: 20645: 20641: 20634: 20629: 20627: 20622: 20620: 20615: 20614: 20611: 20605: 20602: 20600: 20592: 20586: 20583: 20581: 20577: 20574: 20572: 20569: 20564: 20563:OpenStreetMap 20560: 20551: 20549: 20545: 20542: 20539: 20536: 20534: 20530: 20527: 20525: 20521: 20518: 20515: 20511: 20510: 20505: 20502: 20500: 20497: 20492: 20488: 20485: 20482: 20481: 20462: 20458: 20456: 20450: 20446: 20445: 20425: 20421: 20415: 20411: 20410: 20404: 20400: 20394: 20390: 20386: 20382: 20378: 20372: 20368: 20367: 20362: 20358: 20354: 20348: 20344: 20340: 20339: 20333: 20329: 20323: 20319: 20318: 20312: 20310: 20306: 20302: 20298: 20292: 20288: 20287: 20281: 20277: 20271: 20267: 20266: 20260: 20249: 20243: 20239: 20235: 20234: 20228: 20225: 20221: 20217: 20211: 20207: 20206: 20200: 20197: 20193: 20189: 20183: 20179: 20178: 20172: 20168: 20162: 20159:. Routledge. 20158: 20157: 20150: 20146: 20140: 20136: 20135: 20129: 20118: 20112: 20107: 20106: 20099: 20095: 20089: 20085: 20081: 20080: 20074: 20070: 20064: 20060: 20055: 20051: 20045: 20041: 20037: 20033: 20029: 20023: 20019: 20014: 20010: 20004: 20000: 19995: 19991: 19985: 19981: 19977: 19973: 19968: 19964: 19958: 19954: 19953: 19947: 19943: 19937: 19933: 19929: 19924: 19913: 19907: 19903: 19902: 19896: 19892: 19886: 19882: 19881: 19875: 19871: 19865: 19861: 19860: 19854: 19850: 19844: 19840: 19839: 19834: 19830: 19824: 19820: 19819: 19813: 19809: 19803: 19799: 19794: 19790: 19784: 19780: 19775: 19764: 19758: 19754: 19753: 19747: 19743: 19737: 19732: 19731: 19724: 19713: 19707: 19703: 19702: 19696: 19692: 19686: 19682: 19681: 19676: 19672: 19665: 19661: 19655: 19648: 19647: 19642: 19638: 19634: 19628: 19623: 19622: 19615: 19612: 19608: 19596: 19592: 19586: 19582: 19581: 19575: 19571: 19565: 19561: 19560: 19554: 19553: 19541: 19537: 19532: 19527: 19523: 19519: 19518: 19513: 19508: 19507: 19481: 19477: 19471: 19455: 19451: 19444: 19428: 19421: 19405: 19401: 19395: 19389:, p. 54. 19388: 19387:Aalgaard 2004 19383: 19381: 19373: 19368: 19362:, p. 18. 19361: 19356: 19354: 19347:, p. 12. 19346: 19341: 19335:, p. 37. 19334: 19333:Wardrope 2003 19329: 19327: 19319: 19314: 19306: 19300: 19296: 19289: 19281: 19275: 19271: 19264: 19249: 19245: 19238: 19222: 19218: 19212: 19196: 19192: 19186: 19179: 19174: 19158: 19154: 19153:"Information" 19148: 19132: 19128: 19121: 19114: 19109: 19103:, p. 10. 19102: 19097: 19095: 19093: 19086:, p. 45. 19085: 19080: 19078: 19071:, p. 31. 19070: 19065: 19057: 19051: 19047: 19046: 19038: 19030: 19024: 19020: 19019: 19011: 19003: 18997: 18993: 18992: 18984: 18976: 18975: 18967: 18959: 18953: 18949: 18948: 18940: 18932: 18926: 18922: 18921: 18913: 18897: 18893: 18889: 18883: 18881: 18864: 18863: 18858: 18852: 18837: 18833: 18829: 18825: 18821: 18817: 18813: 18809: 18802: 18795: 18779: 18775: 18771: 18764: 18748: 18744: 18738: 18736: 18727: 18723: 18719: 18715: 18711: 18707: 18700: 18684: 18678: 18660: 18653: 18637: 18633: 18629: 18622: 18615: 18610: 18603: 18598: 18592:. Unicef.org. 18591: 18587: 18584: 18579: 18562: 18558: 18552: 18536: 18530: 18523: 18522: 18518: 18514: 18511: 18505: 18489: 18482: 18466: 18462: 18456: 18440: 18436: 18430: 18414: 18410: 18403: 18387: 18383: 18377: 18361: 18357: 18351: 18335: 18331: 18330:U-T San Diego 18327: 18320: 18313: 18310: 18306: 18303: 18298: 18291: 18288: 18284: 18281: 18275: 18268: 18265: 18261: 18258: 18253: 18237: 18233: 18229: 18228: 18223: 18219: 18213: 18206: 18200: 18194: 18186: 18182: 18176: 18174: 18165: 18161: 18155: 18146: 18140: 18135: 18133: 18113: 18106: 18099: 18097: 18088: 18081: 18073: 18067: 18063: 18062: 18054: 18039: 18035: 18029: 18022: 18010: 18006: 18002: 17998: 17994: 17990: 17983: 17967: 17963: 17959: 17953: 17951: 17943: 17939: 17936: 17931: 17924: 17920: 17917: 17912: 17904: 17900: 17894: 17878: 17874: 17870: 17863: 17861: 17859: 17842: 17838: 17831: 17829: 17812: 17808: 17804: 17797: 17795: 17778: 17774: 17770: 17763: 17747: 17743: 17738: 17730: 17714: 17710: 17704: 17688: 17684: 17678: 17662: 17658: 17651: 17635: 17631: 17627: 17621: 17605: 17601: 17597: 17591: 17575: 17568: 17561: 17553: 17525: 17521: 17514: 17498: 17494: 17488: 17486: 17469: 17465: 17458: 17456: 17439: 17432: 17426: 17410: 17406: 17400: 17384: 17380: 17374: 17355: 17351: 17344: 17338: 17331: 17327: 17324: 17319: 17303: 17299: 17295: 17288: 17272: 17268: 17264: 17260: 17256: 17252: 17245: 17238: 17233: 17226: 17221: 17214: 17209: 17193: 17189: 17182: 17166: 17162: 17156: 17149: 17145: 17142: 17137: 17130: 17116: 17112: 17106: 17090: 17086: 17082: 17076: 17074: 17057: 17053: 17052: 17047: 17040: 17024: 17020: 17019: 17014: 17007: 17000: 16996: 16993: 16988: 16981: 16977: 16974: 16969: 16953: 16949: 16945: 16939: 16923: 16919: 16915: 16908: 16892: 16888: 16884: 16877: 16861: 16857: 16856: 16851: 16844: 16828: 16824: 16818: 16802: 16798: 16794: 16788: 16772: 16768: 16762: 16746: 16742: 16735: 16719: 16715: 16711: 16705: 16689: 16685: 16684: 16683:The Economist 16679: 16673: 16671: 16654: 16650: 16649: 16641: 16625: 16621: 16615: 16612:. Routledge. 16611: 16610: 16602: 16586: 16582: 16576: 16572: 16571: 16563: 16547: 16543: 16539: 16533: 16517: 16513: 16507: 16491: 16487: 16486: 16485:Bloomberg.com 16481: 16474: 16458: 16454: 16453: 16448: 16441: 16425: 16421: 16420: 16415: 16409: 16393: 16389: 16385: 16378: 16362: 16358: 16354: 16348: 16332: 16328: 16322: 16306: 16302: 16298: 16291: 16275: 16271: 16267: 16261: 16245: 16241: 16237: 16230: 16214: 16210: 16206: 16199: 16192: 16188: 16185: 16180: 16173: 16168: 16152: 16148: 16141: 16122: 16115: 16109: 16093: 16089: 16088: 16087:Bloomberg.com 16083: 16076: 16068: 16064: 16058: 16042: 16038: 16037: 16032: 16026: 16010: 16006: 16002: 15996: 15980: 15976: 15972: 15966: 15950: 15946: 15942: 15935: 15919: 15915: 15911: 15904: 15888: 15884: 15880: 15874: 15858: 15854: 15850: 15844: 15838: 15834: 15831: 15825: 15809: 15805: 15799: 15783: 15779: 15775: 15768: 15761: 15760: 15755: 15751: 15748: 15743: 15736: 15731: 15724: 15719: 15700: 15693: 15687: 15671: 15667: 15663: 15657: 15641: 15637: 15633: 15627: 15611: 15607: 15606: 15601: 15594: 15578: 15574: 15568: 15552: 15548: 15544: 15537: 15521: 15517: 15513: 15507: 15491: 15487: 15483: 15477: 15461: 15457: 15451: 15435: 15431: 15425: 15409: 15405: 15399: 15383: 15379: 15375: 15368: 15366: 15349: 15345: 15341: 15335: 15319: 15315: 15309: 15293: 15289: 15283: 15267: 15263: 15256: 15240: 15236: 15229: 15213: 15209: 15208: 15207:Bloomberg.com 15203: 15196: 15180: 15176: 15172: 15165: 15149: 15145: 15139: 15123: 15119: 15113: 15094: 15087: 15081: 15065: 15061: 15057: 15051: 15032: 15028: 15021: 15015: 15013: 14996: 14992: 14985: 14979: 14977: 14960: 14956: 14949: 14933: 14929: 14925: 14919: 14910: 14909:11250/2634876 14905: 14900: 14895: 14891: 14887: 14883: 14879: 14875: 14868: 14852: 14848: 14844: 14838: 14822: 14818: 14814: 14808: 14801: 14797: 14791: 14787: 14786: 14779: 14763: 14759: 14755: 14749: 14733: 14729: 14723: 14707: 14703: 14699: 14693: 14677: 14673: 14669: 14663: 14647: 14643: 14639: 14633: 14617: 14613: 14609: 14603: 14587: 14583: 14579: 14573: 14557: 14553: 14549: 14543: 14527: 14523: 14519: 14513: 14497: 14493: 14489: 14483: 14467: 14463: 14459: 14453: 14437: 14433: 14429: 14423: 14407: 14403: 14402:El Nuevo País 14399: 14393: 14377: 14373: 14369: 14363: 14347: 14343: 14339: 14333: 14317: 14313: 14309: 14303: 14287: 14283: 14279: 14273: 14256: 14251: 14247: 14240: 14238: 14221: 14217: 14213: 14207: 14205: 14188: 14184: 14180: 14174: 14159:on 8 May 2016 14158: 14154: 14150: 14144: 14142: 14125: 14121: 14117: 14111: 14109: 14092: 14088: 14084: 14078: 14076: 14059: 14055: 14051: 14045: 14029: 14025: 14021: 14014: 13998: 13994: 13993:LaPatilla.com 13990: 13984: 13975: 13959: 13955: 13949: 13933: 13929: 13925: 13918: 13902: 13898: 13892: 13876: 13872: 13866: 13850: 13846: 13840: 13836: 13835: 13827: 13811: 13807: 13806: 13798: 13782: 13778: 13772: 13768: 13767: 13759: 13743: 13739: 13738: 13730: 13714: 13710: 13704: 13700: 13699: 13691: 13675: 13671: 13669:9780904439557 13665: 13661: 13660: 13653: 13637: 13633: 13632: 13624: 13605: 13598: 13591: 13589: 13587: 13570: 13566: 13565: 13557: 13541: 13537: 13530: 13514: 13510: 13504: 13500: 13499: 13491: 13475: 13471: 13470: 13463: 13447: 13443: 13437: 13433: 13432: 13424: 13408: 13404: 13398: 13394: 13393: 13385: 13383: 13366: 13362: 13355: 13353: 13336: 13332: 13325: 13323: 13306: 13302: 13296: 13292: 13291: 13283: 13267: 13263: 13262: 13254: 13252: 13235: 13231: 13225: 13221: 13220: 13212: 13196: 13192: 13191: 13183: 13167: 13163: 13157: 13153: 13152: 13144: 13128: 13124: 13123: 13116: 13108: 13102: 13094: 13090: 13086: 13082: 13078: 13074: 13070: 13066: 13058: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13033:"Assessments" 13028: 13020: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12992: 12988: 12985:(5): e62111. 12984: 12980: 12976: 12969: 12962: 12958: 12955: 12950: 12943: 12942:Bloomberg.com 12939: 12935: 12932: 12927: 12918: 12899: 12895: 12888: 12882: 12866: 12862: 12858: 12851: 12843: 12839: 12835: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12817: 12813: 12809: 12805: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12778: 12762: 12758: 12752: 12745: 12741: 12735: 12719: 12715: 12709: 12707: 12705: 12698:, p. 36. 12697: 12695: 12689: 12673: 12669: 12663: 12654: 12638: 12634: 12627: 12625: 12608: 12604: 12600: 12593: 12587:, p. 42. 12586: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12554: 12547: 12534: 12530: 12524: 12508: 12504: 12498: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12468: 12452: 12448: 12442: 12436:, p. 65. 12435: 12430: 12414: 12407: 12401: 12399: 12391: 12387: 12384: 12379: 12366: 12362: 12357: 12349: 12333: 12329: 12328: 12323: 12317: 12301: 12297: 12293: 12287: 12268: 12264: 12256: 12250: 12234: 12230: 12226: 12219: 12204: 12200: 12194: 12178: 12174: 12170: 12163: 12147: 12143: 12137: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12107: 12091: 12087: 12083: 12077: 12061: 12057: 12052: 12044: 12028: 12024: 12020: 12014: 11998: 11994: 11990: 11983: 11967: 11963: 11959: 11953: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11887: 11883: 11879: 11862: 11858: 11853: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11820: 11804: 11800: 11796: 11790: 11774: 11770: 11766: 11759: 11743: 11739: 11735: 11728: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11690: 11677: 11673: 11669: 11662: 11654: 11650: 11649:The Telegraph 11645: 11638: 11622: 11618: 11617: 11612: 11605: 11589: 11585: 11581: 11575: 11559: 11555: 11554: 11549: 11543: 11527: 11523: 11522: 11517: 11511: 11495: 11491: 11487: 11480: 11464: 11460: 11454: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11423: 11407: 11403: 11399: 11393: 11377: 11373: 11372: 11367: 11360: 11344: 11340: 11339: 11338:Bloomberg.com 11334: 11328: 11312: 11308: 11304: 11298: 11282: 11278: 11277: 11272: 11265: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11234: 11218: 11214: 11213: 11208: 11201: 11185: 11181: 11180: 11175: 11168: 11152: 11148: 11143: 11135: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11105: 11089: 11085: 11084: 11083:The Economist 11079: 11073: 11071: 11069: 11052: 11048: 11044: 11037: 11035: 11018: 11014: 11010: 11003: 11001: 10984: 10980: 10979: 10978:Bloomberg.com 10974: 10967: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10937: 10921: 10917: 10913: 10907: 10899: 10895: 10889: 10873: 10869: 10865: 10858: 10856: 10839: 10835: 10834: 10833:Bloomberg.com 10829: 10822: 10806: 10802: 10798: 10792: 10776: 10772: 10768: 10761: 10745: 10741: 10737: 10730: 10714: 10710: 10709: 10704: 10698: 10682: 10678: 10674: 10667: 10651: 10647: 10643: 10636: 10620: 10616: 10610: 10594: 10590: 10589: 10584: 10577: 10561: 10557: 10556: 10551: 10545: 10538: 10526: 10522: 10521: 10516: 10509: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10479: 10477: 10469: 10465: 10462: 10457: 10450: 10446: 10443: 10437: 10421: 10417: 10416: 10415:Bloomberg.com 10411: 10404: 10397: 10393: 10390: 10384: 10377: 10371: 10369: 10361: 10357: 10354: 10349: 10347: 10339: 10335: 10332: 10327: 10320: 10316: 10313: 10308: 10292: 10288: 10282: 10276:, p. 16. 10275: 10270: 10263: 10258: 10242: 10238: 10233: 10232:Pedro Carmona 10227: 10220: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10194: 10192: 10183: 10178:, p. 124 10177: 10172: 10164: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10144: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10108: 10101: 10093: 10086: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10035: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10002:(24): 49–68. 10001: 9997: 9993: 9986: 9978: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9960: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9944: 9937: 9930: 9925: 9909: 9905: 9901: 9897: 9890: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9862: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9836: 9829: 9824: 9808: 9804: 9798: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9780: 9774: 9772: 9755: 9751: 9745: 9741: 9740: 9732: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9699: 9694: 9687: 9682: 9680: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9648: 9641: 9640:Chasteen 2001 9636: 9620: 9616: 9609: 9602: 9597: 9590: 9585: 9569: 9565: 9559: 9550: 9541: 9525: 9522:(in German). 9521: 9514: 9498: 9494: 9487: 9478: 9471: 9466: 9459: 9454: 9447: 9443: 9438: 9431: 9428: 9424: 9421: 9416: 9408: 9403:, p. 89. 9402: 9397: 9390: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9369: 9364: 9358:, p. 91. 9357: 9352: 9344: 9338: 9331: 9326: 9319: 9318:Massabié 2008 9314: 9299: 9295: 9288: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9258: 9242: 9238: 9237: 9232: 9225: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9165: 9149: 9145: 9144: 9139: 9132: 9116: 9112: 9111: 9106: 9100: 9084: 9080: 9079: 9078:Bloomberg.com 9074: 9057: 9053: 9052: 9047: 9030: 9026: 9025: 9020: 9012: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8982: 8966: 8962: 8961: 8960:Bloomberg.com 8956: 8949: 8933: 8929: 8928: 8923: 8916: 8914: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8883: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8853: 8846: 8834: 8831:(in Korean). 8830: 8828: 8822: 8813: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8782: 8774: 8768: 8752: 8751: 8750:Bloomberg.com 8746: 8739: 8737: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8680: 8676: 8673: 8672:Heritage 2002 8670: 8669: 8665: 8658: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8624: 8616: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8578: 8559: 8555: 8548: 8542: 8540: 8523: 8519: 8518: 8513: 8507: 8505: 8485: 8481: 8474: 8468: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8434: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8377: 8373: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8324: 8305: 8301: 8294: 8288: 8272: 8268: 8267: 8262: 8255: 8253: 8245: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8218: 8216: 8199: 8195: 8194: 8189: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8086: 8079: 8067: 8063: 8062: 8057: 8050: 8033: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8019: 8014: 8007: 7991: 7987: 7983: 7977: 7969: 7963: 7959: 7952: 7945: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7925: 7918: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7875: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7808: 7806: 7789: 7785: 7779: 7760: 7756: 7749: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7734: 7721: 7715: 7705: 7699: 7691: 7690: 7677: 7633: 7624: 7615: 7611: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7587: 7583: 7572: 7561: 7555: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7522: 7520: 7516: 7515:Rubén Limardo 7512: 7507: 7505: 7501: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7466: 7464: 7457: 7453: 7447: 7437: 7435: 7431: 7426: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7311:Simón Bolívar 7308: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7279: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7192: 7185: 7181: 7176: 7162: 7161:Colonia Tovar 7155: 7150: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7133: 7128: 7125:in Venezuela. 7124: 7120: 7116: 7109: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7096: 7091: 7087: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7071: 7069: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7017: 7013: 7008: 6998: 6995: 6990: 6988: 6982: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6954: 6949: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6882:Delta Amacuro 6879: 6875: 6871: 6869: 6865: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6804:Nueva Esparta 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6773:"evangélicos" 6770: 6766: 6762: 6740: 6730: 6720: 6712: 6705: 6695: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6660:lingua franca 6655: 6653: 6652: 6647: 6643: 6642:Colonia Tovar 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6624:, Maracaibo, 6623: 6619: 6611: 6606: 6602: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6537: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6502: 6496: 6487: 6481: 6470: 6464: 6455: 6449: 6440: 6438: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6386: 6384: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6346: 6341: 6331: 6329: 6324: 6322: 6321:San Cristóbal 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6283: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6254: 6245: 6241: 6238:This section 6236: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6199:China Railway 6196: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6161: 6160:Caracas Metro 6157: 6152: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6123: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6052: 6046: 6038: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6019: 6009: 6006: 6003:The state of 6001: 5998: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5969: 5967: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5910: 5906: 5901: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5847: 5846:MediaWiki.org 5843: 5838: 5829: 5828: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5795: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5781: 5780:mixed economy 5776: 5774: 5771:(report from 5770: 5765: 5761: 5758: 5753: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5726: 5721: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5700: 5696: 5695: 5689: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5655: 5649: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5617: 5615: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5587: 5576: 5566: 5556: 5552: 5545:Law and crime 5542: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5500: 5495: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5437: 5435: 5430: 5428: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5409: 5404: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5358:Pedro Carmona 5350: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5296:Supreme Court 5292: 5288: 5283: 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4184: 4176: 4175: 4167: 4166: 4158: 4157: 4149: 4148: 4140: 4139: 4131: 4130: 4122: 4121: 4113: 4112: 4104: 4103: 4095: 4094: 4086: 4085: 4077: 4076: 4068: 4067: 4059: 4058: 4050: 4049: 4041: 4040: 4032: 4031: 4023: 4022: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3999: 3998:Delta Amacuro 3995: 3991: 3990:Nueva Esparta 3987: 3983: 3980:and northern 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3966:Central Range 3962: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3886: 3879: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3862: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3818: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3784:head of state 3781: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3769:Justice First 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3698: 3693: 3691: 3687: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3632: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3608: 3607:Mundo Perdido 3604: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3553: 3547: 3546:Orinoco Delta 3544: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3533: 3532:Guiana Shield 3526: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3448: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3363:Orinoco river 3360: 3356: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3313: 3311: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3287: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3266:Gulf of Paria 3263: 3259: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3231: 3227: 3225: 3224:Caribbean Sea 3215: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3177:Valencia Lake 3174: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3091: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2998:cloud forests 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1838:Simón Bolívar 1835: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1798: 1797:Simón Bolívar 1794: 1793:El Libertador 1790: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1741:Orinoco River 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614:Klein-Venedig 1611: 1610:Welser family 1601: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1582:Gulf of Paria 1579: 1578:Orinoco Delta 1575: 1567: 1565: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1503:Timoto–Cuicas 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1413: 1403: 1402:(1953–1999). 1400: 1399: 1392: 1391: 1386:(1856–1864), 1384: 1380:(1830–1856), 1378: 1377: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1358: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1295:Carter Center 1292: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 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Avibase. 12487:19 December 12434:Warhol 2006 11962:www.oas.org 11942:11 February 11682:13 November 11564:9 September 11110:"Venezuela" 11057:30 December 11023:14 December 10956:17 November 10926:19 February 10878:16 February 10868:reuters.com 10844:16 February 10801:Borneo Post 10750:13 December 10599:13 February 10531:25 February 10262:Cannon 2004 10075:23 February 9851:: 131–164. 9813:30 November 9760:18 February 9700:, page 854. 9470:Zamora 1993 9458:Dickey 1892 9389:Wunder 2003 9368:Kipfer 2000 9356:Kipfer 2000 9330:Thomas 2005 9277:15 November 9247:15 November 8372:"Venezuela" 8167:10 December 8137:10 December 8106:10 December 7768:8 September 7526:Cesar Baena 7276:Fermín Toro 7268:Romanticism 7243:Yucef Merhi 7117:, a UNESCO 7059:prehistoric 6994:dropped out 6922:hepatitis D 6918:hepatitis B 6914:hepatitis A 6739:No religion 6668:Trinidadian 6293:conurbation 5935:Ángel Falls 5875:automobiles 5871:electronics 5865:, near the 5842:Phabricator 5792:remittances 5463:(LAIA) and 5397:multi-polar 5373:hemispheric 4462:La Asunción 3947:Coro region 3709:Apure State 3680:, Venezuela 3447:Apure state 3218:Hydrography 3205:coral reefs 3125:and 50% of 3108:Heliamphora 3083:Apure State 3040:kingfishers 3002:rainforests 2774:Angel Falls 2609:Juan Guaidó 2573:inaugurated 2571:Maduro was 2324:Hugo Chávez 2269:Hugo Chávez 2134:coup d'état 2116: [ 2049:(1908–35). 1969:Federal War 1897:sovereignty 1846:New Granada 1707:Guaicaipuro 1562:The German 1367:Veneciuela. 1286:situation. 1082:continental 913:Date format 885:(official) 863: 0.699 600:5 July 1811 567:Legislature 481:no religion 468:0.9% other 414:multiracial 228: / 23947:Categories 23420:Costa Rica 23026:Currencies 23017:Parliament 22696:Candidates 22596:Mauritania 22530:Membership 22512:Arab Union 22507:Parliament 21920:(includes 21614:Portuguesa 21534:Anzoátegui 21357:Literature 21289:Healthcare 20789:Civil wars 19625:. 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5052:252,242 5018:263,056 4998:Carabobo 4993:Valencia 4984:263,765 4939:Valencia 4929:342,280 4634:Tucupita 4614:Trujillo 4609:Trujillo 4558:Valencia 4553:Carabobo 4324:Amazonas 4309:Capital 4303:Capital 4263:Colombia 4146:Carabobo 4083:Trujillo 4029:Amazonas 3957:and the 3945:and the 3870:building 3832:judicial 3618:altitude 3414:alluvial 3301:Amazonas 3278:Colombia 3268:and the 3151:wetlands 3119:endemism 3096:orchid ( 3060:capybara 3012:manatees 2994:mangrove 2982:habitats 2806:and the 2359:populist 2264:Caracazo 2107:won the 2103:, until 1977:caudillo 1866:llaneros 1858:royalist 1833:llaneros 1808:American 1745:Ye'kuana 1725:Mariches 1718:Tamanaco 1702:caciques 1685:immunity 1655:(1540), 1495:Caquetio 1201:populist 1173:Caracazo 1106:Colombia 1100:and the 1038:descent. 879:Currency 595:Declared 516:Federal 377:Yanomamö 332:Yawarana 322:Japrería 302:Yek'uana 39:Vuvuzela 23882:Related 23775:Summits 23762:Uruguay 23747:Ecuador 23696:Bolivia 23681:Members 23606:Charter 23525:Uruguay 23470:Jamaica 23445:Grenada 23435:Ecuador 23395:Bolivia 23380:Bahamas 23358:Members 23293:Senegal 23288:Nigeria 23268:Jamaica 23228:Algeria 23221:Members 23135:Summits 22956:Ecuador 22924:Uruguay 22909:Bolivia 22889:Members 22759:Economy 22677:Eritrea 22667:Armenia 22641:Tunisia 22626:Somalia 22601:Morocco 22586:Lebanon 22556:Comoros 22551:Bahrain 22546:Algeria 22538:Members 22494:History 22474:Council 22469:Charter 22349:Grenada 22334:Bolivia 22245:Uruguay 22204:Ecuador 22194:Bolivia 22187:Members 22082:In part 22068:Uruguay 22043:Ecuador 22023:Bolivia 21774:Insular 21769:Guayana 21764:Eastern 21754:Central 21749:Capital 21736:Regions 21634:Yaracuy 21624:Táchira 21604:Monagas 21599:Miranda 21579:Guárico 21564:Cojedes 21554:Bolívar 21549:Barinas 21502:Caracas 21423:Outline 21387:Symbols 21352:Cuisine 21339:Culture 21257:Society 21238:Tourism 21169:Economy 21028:Parties 20999:Cabinet 20930:Regions 20837:Climate 20820:Borders 20652:History 20307:(2007) 20198:(2020). 19917:30 June 19717:30 June 19486:30 June 19410:30 June 19253:13 July 19227:13 July 19201:13 July 19137:24 July 19069:Ng 2004 18902:18 July 18869:18 July 18689:10 June 18667:10 June 18340:8 April 18121:5 April 18043:17 June 17883:30 June 17847:30 June 17817:30 June 17783:30 June 17752:30 June 17719:30 June 17693:30 June 17667:30 June 17444:17 July 17415:17 July 17198:10 July 17171:10 July 16958:12 July 16928:12 July 16897:12 July 16866:17 June 16855:Reuters 16552:24 July 16542:Reuters 16388:Reuters 16311:30 June 16301:Reuters 16280:18 July 15955:27 July 15924:28 July 15914:GB News 15893:25 July 15708:5 April 15676:4 April 15646:4 April 15547:Reuters 15414:30 June 15354:16 July 14886:Bibcode 14702:Reuters 14682:1 April 14552:El País 14372:BBC.com 14183:BBC.com 14034:9 April 14003:9 April 13907:4 April 13881:4 April 13748:25 June 13719:25 June 13519:14 June 13480:14 June 13010:3648534 12987:Bibcode 12825:7723057 12796:Bibcode 12546:state." 12371:30 July 12239:29 July 12208:29 July 12203:Reuters 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5066:Bolívar 5048:Miranda 5036:996,230 5009:Cabimas 4980:Táchira 4925:Bolívar 4904:Caracas 4886:Caracas 4743:Guárico 4672:Caracas 4667:Caracas 4647:Yaracuy 4591:Cojedes 4571:Táchira 4515:Bolívar 4500:Guanare 4482:Barinas 4477:Barinas 4444:Maracay 4424:Maturín 4419:Monagas 4381:Miranda 4218:Monagas 4164:Miranda 4128:Yaracuy 4119:Cojedes 4110:Guárico 4065:Barinas 4056:Táchira 4020:Bolívar 3982:Monagas 3970:Caracas 3951:sierras 3916:estados 3697:iguanas 3661:Deserts 3653:Caracas 3591:Monagas 3575:glacial 3571:fluvial 3556:Valleys 3390:granite 3383:Archean 3359:islands 3295:Amazon 3236:Orinoco 3211:coast. 3207:in the 3149:; five 3090:orchids 3048:mammals 3036:ospreys 3008:Animals 2901:páramos 2881:páramos 2867:Climate 2845:Curaçao 2841:Grenada 2691:In the 2662:Spanish 2629:torture 2530:barrels 2468:in 2016 2231:Caracas 1964:Slavery 1942:Bolivia 1938:Ecuador 1885:Guayana 1818:as the 1772:pirates 1699:Native 1507:ullucos 1499:Mariche 1469:of the 1455:in the 1406:History 1276:default 1094:Caracas 1088:in the 1028:African 1020:Italian 1012:Spanish 870: ( 632:• 606:• 593:• 549:• 534:• 342:Puinave 317:Akawaio 267:Piapoco 245:Spanish 204:Caracas 197:Capital 120:Anthem: 62:Spanish 23934:7; -65 23831:Topics 23732:Brazil 23701:Guyana 23480:Panama 23475:Mexico 23455:Guyana 23405:Canada 23400:Brazil 23390:Belize 23283:Mexico 23238:Brazil 22991:Mexico 22961:Guyana 22914:Brazil 22672:Brazil 22581:Kuwait 22576:Jordan 22271:Panama 22266:Mexico 22230:Brazil 22089:France 22048:Guyana 22028:Brazil 22011:Entire 22003:states 21854:Guyana 21784:Zulian 21779:Llanos 21744:Andean 21594:Mérida 21574:Falcón 21544:Aragua 21521:States 21444:Portal 21392:anthem 21347:Cinema 21213:Energy 20935:States 20825:Cities 20774:Crisis 20642: 20533:Curlie 20467:10 May 20416: 20395: 20373: 20349: 20324: 20317:Tundra 20309:online 20293: 20272: 20253:2 July 20244: 20212: 20184: 20163: 20141: 20122:2 July 20113: 20090: 20065: 20046: 20024: 20005: 19986: 19959: 19938: 19908: 19887: 19866: 19845: 19825: 19804: 19785: 19768:1 July 19759: 19738: 19708: 19687: 19656: 19629: 19601:2 July 19587: 19566: 19538: 19460:6 July 19433:6 July 19301: 19276: 19163:1 July 19052: 19025: 18998: 18954: 18927: 18841:9 July 18834: 18826: 18808:Nature 18724: 18068: 17434:(XSLX) 17265: 16714:Quartz 16616: 16577: 16250:10 May 16157:14 May 14792: 14622:15 May 14592:15 May 14562:15 May 14532:15 May 14502:15 May 14492:Eju.tv 14472:15 May 14442:15 May 14412:14 May 14382:14 May 14352:14 May 14322:15 May 14292:15 May 14226:14 May 14193:15 May 14163:15 May 14130:15 May 14097:14 May 14064:14 May 13841: 13773: 13705: 13666: 13613:7 June 13575:7 June 13505: 13438: 13399: 13297: 13226: 13158: 13091: 13083: 13017: 13007: 12840: 12832: 12822: 12814: 12767:9 July 12678:9 July 11443:28 May 11433:Forbes 11412:28 May 11190:2 July 10213:5 June 10159: 10121: 10117:(33). 10063: 10024: 10016: 9975: 9965: 9906:(23). 9879: 9871: 9863: 9746: 9001:3 June 8839:22 May 8825:朝鮮日報 ( 8723:. The 8650: 8642: 8605:16 May 8025: 7964: 7940: 7907: 7899: 7864:11 May 7852: 7844: 7836: 7434:paseo" 7391:joropo 7374:, and 7356:cuatro 7301:, and 7222:; the 7049:, the 6969:, the 6920:, and 6894:plague 6837:Health 6824:Syrian 6800:Syrian 6784:Muslim 6751: 6745: 6737: 6735: 6727: 6725: 6717: 6715: 6688:Basque 6426:Chaima 6406:Piaroa 6398:Kariña 6371:moreno 6362:moreno 6317:Mérida 6005:Mérida 5734:Panama 5521:, the 5517:, the 5513:, the 5443:(UN), 5429:area. 5349:Guyana 5197:Cumaná 5168:Aragua 5150:Mérida 5145:Mérida 5116:Falcón 4821: 4818: 4778: 4758: 4740: 4723:Vargas 4720: 4705:Falcón 4702: 4682: 4664: 4644: 4626: 4606: 4588: 4568: 4550: 4538:Cumaná 4530: 4512: 4492: 4474: 4454: 4439:Aragua 4436: 4416: 4398: 4378: 4360: 4348:Mérida 4343:Mérida 4340: 4321: 4306:State 4300:State 4272:Brazil 4254:Guyana 4182:Vargas 4155:Aragua 4137:Falcón 4074:Mérida 3984:. The 3885:museum 3731:, and 3686:desert 3655:Valley 3614:meters 3603:Guiana 3583:Aragua 3539:tepuis 3379:gneiss 3316:Relief 3262:Arauca 3258:Caroní 3240:Amazon 3165:, and 3064:rodent 3056:jaguar 3032:ibises 3026:, and 2986:llanos 2950:, and 2833:Guyana 2804:Caroní 2784:llanos 2779:tepuis 2646:Maduro 2575:for a 2288:2004. 2233:(1973) 2168:(AD), 1889:Llanos 1733:Chacao 1716:) and 1677:slaves 1651:, and 1598:Cumaná 1564:Welser 1551:, and 1528:llanos 1523:manioc 1501:, and 1487:Kalina 1331:Venice 1220:crisis 1128:, the 1118:Guyana 1110:Brazil 1036:German 867:medium 854:(2022) 852: 829:(2013) 827: 775: 719: 462:11.2% 456:80.5% 450:92.6% 440:(2020) 418:43.6% 412:51.6% 405:(2011) 382:Sanemá 372:Piaroa 327:Mapoyo 297:Panare 277:Locono 272:Baniwa 130: 122: 58: 23737:Chile 23460:Haiti 23410:Chile 23273:Kenya 23253:India 23248:Egypt 23243:Chile 22946:Chile 22781:Sport 22682:India 22651:Yemen 22636:Syria 22631:Sudan 22616:Qatar 22591:Libya 22566:Egypt 22451:Lists 22235:Chile 22033:Chile 21725:] 21639:Zulia 21619:Sucre 21539:Apure 21430:Index 21382:Sport 21372:Music 21362:Media 21329:Women 21269:Crime 21196:PDVSA 21142:COPEI 20857:Flora 20852:Fauna 20578:from 19667:(PDF) 19650:(PDF) 19549:Books 19536:S2CID 19429:. BBC 18832:S2CID 18804:(PDF) 18722:S2CID 18662:(PDF) 18445:7 May 18141:, 6-7 18115:(PDF) 18108:(PDF) 17570:(PDF) 17540:2001. 17357:(PDF) 17346:(PDF) 16430:7 May 16337:6 May 16124:(PDF) 16117:(PDF) 15702:(PDF) 15695:(PDF) 15096:(PDF) 15089:(PDF) 15034:(PDF) 15027:UNODC 15023:(PDF) 14991:UNODC 14987:(PDF) 14216:NTN24 13607:(PDF) 13600:(PDF) 13089:S2CID 12901:(PDF) 12890:(PDF) 12838:S2CID 12613:4 May 12409:(PDF) 12270:(PDF) 12259:(PDF) 11689:Rica. 10094:: 10. 10022:S2CID 9877:S2CID 9869:JSTOR 9174:UNHCR 8648:S2CID 8561:(PDF) 8550:(PDF) 8487:(PDF) 8476:(PDF) 8307:(PDF) 8296:(PDF) 7905:S2CID 7850:S2CID 7834:eISSN 7762:(PDF) 7751:(PDF) 7606:Notes 7440:Sport 7415:Proms 7403:fulía 7329:Music 7144:, in 6816:Druze 6788:Druze 6731:(17%) 6721:(71%) 6684:Paria 6599:Pemón 6595:Warao 6591:Wayuu 6573:Pemon 6565:Warao 6561:Wayuu 6528:Spain 6516:Spain 6469:White 6424:, 2% 6422:Yukpa 6420:, 2% 6416:, 3% 6412:, 3% 6408:, 3% 6404:, 3% 6402:Pemón 6400:, 4% 6396:, 5% 6394:Warao 6392:, 7% 6390:Wayúu 6366:white 6358:pardo 6354:pardo 6178:near 6083:Zulia 5595:CICPC 5218:Zulia 5202:Sucre 5014:Zulia 4964:Zulia 4866:State 4846:State 4685:Zulia 4533:Sucre 4401:Apure 4200:Sucre 4173:D. C. 4047:Zulia 4038:Apure 3978:Sucre 3850:, or 3483:Andes 3406:marls 3303:state 3193:COP21 2849:Aruba 2808:Apure 2788:delta 2526:PDVSA 2396:PDVSA 2170:COPEI 2158:junta 2120:] 1511:arepa 1491:Auaké 1232:ranks 1230:. It 1169:1980s 930:right 872:119th 817:145th 765:159th 709:144th 651:Area 608:from 582:Spain 580:from 485:1.1% 479:5.5% 424:3.6% 420:White 392:Yeral 387:Yanam 357:Uruak 312:Carib 307:Yukpa 292:Pemón 287:Warao 282:Wayúu 23920:65°W 23822:2014 23817:2013 23812:2012 23807:2011 23802:2010 23787:2008 23782:2004 23757:Peru 23490:Peru 23263:Iran 23212:2012 23207:2010 23202:2006 23197:2004 23192:2001 23187:2000 23182:1999 23177:1998 23172:1997 23167:1996 23162:1995 23157:1994 23152:1992 23147:1991 23142:1990 22966:Peru 22747:Life 22606:Oman 22571:Iraq 22479:Flag 22339:Cuba 22209:Peru 22058:Peru 21924:and 21589:Lara 21402:flag 20989:List 20913:LGBT 20469:2017 20432:2010 20414:ISBN 20393:ISBN 20371:ISBN 20347:ISBN 20322:ISBN 20291:ISBN 20270:ISBN 20255:2015 20242:ISBN 20210:ISBN 20182:ISBN 20161:ISBN 20139:ISBN 20124:2015 20111:ISBN 20088:ISBN 20063:ISBN 20044:ISBN 20022:ISBN 20003:ISBN 19984:ISBN 19957:ISBN 19936:ISBN 19919:2015 19906:ISBN 19885:ISBN 19864:ISBN 19843:ISBN 19823:ISBN 19802:ISBN 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