Washington Irving - Knowledge

956: 1402: 749: 1291: 579: 1175: 426: 40: 1148:. Espartero was then locked in a power struggle with the Spanish Cortes. Irving's official reports on the ensuing civil war and revolution expressed his romantic fascination with the regent as young Queen Isabella's knight protector, He wrote with an anti-republican, undiplomatic bias. Though Espartero, ousted in July 1843, remained a fallen hero in his eyes, Irving began to view Spanish affairs more realistically. However, the politics and warfare were exhausting, and Irving was both homesick and suffering from a crippling skin condition. 1038: 1483: 4085: 193: 1495: 7958: 678: 562: 1589:, is named in honor of Washington Irving and features an amphitheater stage with a replica façade of his Sunnyside home. The home includes a statue of Irving seated on the porch of the home. Among the tributes to Irving are memorials to the victims of the Oklahoma City Bombing and the World Trade Center attacks, with a steel beam from the towers on display. The park is also the site of local community events, including the annual Bixby BBQ and Blues festival. 6989: 910:. That same year, he moved into Granada's ancient palace Alhambra, "determined to linger here", he said, "until I get some writings under way connected with the place". Before he could get any significant writing underway, however, he was notified of his appointment as Secretary to the American Legation in London. Worried he would disappoint friends and family if he refused the position, Irving left Spain for England in July 1829. 512:… leaving Florence on your left and Venice on your right". Instead, Irving honed the social and conversational skills that eventually made him one of the world's most in-demand guests. "I endeavor to take things as they come with cheerfulness", Irving wrote, "and when I cannot get a dinner to suit my taste, I endeavor to get a taste to suit my dinner". While visiting Rome in 1805, Irving struck up a friendship with painter 4104: 461:. It was in Tarrytown where he became familiar with the bucolic beauty of region with its Dutch customs and local ghost stories. Though the town of Sleepy Hollow did not exist in Irving's time (North Tarrytown changed its name to Sleepy Hollow in 1996), the area had been known as Slapershaven or "Sleeper's Haven" by the Dutch. Irving made several other trips up the Hudson as a teenager, including an extended visit to 7968: 862: 1136:. Irving wrote, "It will be a severe trial to absent myself for a time from my dear little Sunnyside, but I shall return to it better enabled to carry it on comfortably". He hoped that his position as Minister would allow him plenty of time to write, but Spain was in a state of political upheaval during most of his tenure, with a number of warring factions vying for control of the 12-year-old 662:, governor of New York and commander of the New York State Militia, but he saw no real action apart from a reconnaissance mission in the Great Lakes region. The war was disastrous for many American merchants, including Irving's family, and he left for England in mid-1815 to salvage the family trading company. He remained in Europe for the next 17 years. 883:, was published in January 1828. The book was popular in the United States and in Europe and would have 175 editions published before the end of the century. It was also the first project of Irving's to be published with his own name, instead of a pseudonym, on the title page. Irving was invited to stay at the palace of the 442:. Irving's mother named him after George Washington. Irving met his namesake at age 6 when George Washington came to New York just before his inauguration as President in 1789. The President blessed young Irving, an encounter that Irving had commemorated in a small watercolor painting which continues to hang in his home. 604:, a crusty Dutch historian who had allegedly gone missing from his hotel in New York City. As part of the ruse, he placed a notice from the hotel's proprietor informing readers that, if Mr. Knickerbocker failed to return to the hotel to pay his bill, he would publish a manuscript that Knickerbocker had left behind. 803:

in the winter of 1822. Here he dazzled the royal family and attached himself to Amelia Foster, an American living in Dresden with her five children. The 39-year-old Irving was particularly attracted to Foster's 18-year-old daughter Emily and vied in frustration for her hand. Emily finally refused his

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The Irvings lived at 131 William Street at the time of Washington's birth, but they later moved across the street to 128 William Street. Several of Irving's brothers became active New York merchants; they encouraged his literary aspirations, often supporting him financially as he pursued his writing

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Irving perfected the American short story and was the first American writer to set his stories firmly in the United States, even as he poached from German or Dutch folklore. He is also generally credited as one of the first to write in the vernacular and without an obligation to presenting morals or

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Irving died of a heart attack in his bedroom at Sunnyside on November 28, 1859, age 76—only eight months after completing the final volume of his Washington biography. Legend has it that his last words were: "Well, I must arrange my pillows for another night. When will this end?" He was buried under

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I am wearied and at times heartsick of the wretched politics of this country…. The last ten or twelve years of my life, passed among sordid speculators in the United States, and political adventurers in Spain, has shewn me so much of the dark side of human nature, that I begin to have painful doubts

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Irving's writings on Columbus are a mixture of history and fiction, a genre now called romantic history. Irving based them on extensive research in the Spanish archives, but also added imaginative elements aimed at sharpening the story. The first of these works is the source of the durable myth that

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The first installment, containing "Rip Van Winkle", was an enormous success, and the rest of the work would be equally successful; it was issued in 1819–1820 in seven installments in New York, and in two volumes in London ("The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" would appear in the sixth issue of the New York

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and was able to view the document to which Irving had alluded. Upon inspection, Clancy discovered that it was, in fact, not an indulgence issued to the friars from any ecclesiastical authority, but a pardon given by the king to some parties suspected of having broken "forest laws". Clancy requested

763:, Irving spent much of 1821 traveling in Europe in search of new material, reading widely in Dutch and German folk tales. Hampered by writer's block—and depressed by the death of his brother William—Irving worked slowly, finally delivering a completed manuscript to Murray in March 1822. The book, 718:

Like many successful authors of this era, Irving struggled against literary bootleggers. In England, some of his sketches were reprinted in periodicals without his permission, a legal practice as there was no international copyright law at the time. To prevent further piracy in Britain, Irving paid

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Concerned for his health, Irving's brothers financed an extended tour of Europe from 1804 to 1806. He bypassed most of the sites and locations considered essential for the social development of a young man, to the dismay of his brother William who wrote that he was pleased that his brother's health

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Irving is largely credited as the first American Man of Letters and the first to earn his living solely by his pen. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow acknowledged Irving's role in promoting American literature in December 1859: "We feel a just pride in his renown as an author, not forgetting that, to his

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One of the parchment scrolls thus discovered, throws rather an awkward light upon the kind of life led by the friars of Newstead. It is an indulgence granted to them for a certain number of months, in which a plenary pardon is assured in advance for all kinds of crimes, among which, several of the

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Irving was still in London when Van Buren received word that the United States Senate had refused to confirm him as the new Minister. Consoling Van Buren, Irving predicted that the Senate's partisan move would backfire. "I should not be surprised", Irving said, "if this vote of the Senate goes far

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With the political situation relatively settled in Spain, Irving continued to closely monitor the development of the new government and the fate of Isabella. His official duties as Spanish Minister also involved negotiating American trade interests with Cuba and following the Spanish parliament's

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Edgar Allan Poe, on the other hand, felt that Irving should be given credit for being an innovator but that the writing itself was often unsophisticated. "Irving is much over-rated", Poe wrote in 1838, "and a nice distinction might be drawn between his just and his surreptitious and adventitious

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As a historian, Irving's reputation had fallen out of favor but then gained a resurgence. "With the advent of 'scientific' history in the generations that followed his, Irving's historical writings lapsed into disregard and disrespect. To late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century historians,

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was the first to refer to Irving as the "ambassador whom the New World of Letters sent to the Old", a banner picked up by writers and critics throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. "He is the first of the American humorists, as he is almost the first of the American writers", wrote critic H.R.

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on January 30, 1826. Everett, recently the American Minister to Spain, urged Irving to join him in Madrid, noting that a number of manuscripts dealing with the Spanish conquest of the Americas had recently been made public. Irving left for Madrid and enthusiastically began scouring the Spanish

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on December 6, 1809, under the Knickerbocker pseudonym, with immediate critical and popular success. "It took with the public", Irving remarked, "and gave me celebrity, as an original work was something remarkable and uncommon in America". The name Diedrich Knickerbocker became a nickname for

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Irving continued to socialize and keep up with his correspondence well into his seventies, and his fame and popularity continued to soar. "I don't believe that any man, in any country, has ever had a more affectionate admiration for him than that given to you in America", wrote Senator

596:(1809) while mourning the death of his 17-year-old fiancée Matilda Hoffman. It was his first major book and a satire on self-important local history and contemporary politics. Before its publication, Irving started a hoax by placing a series of missing person advertisements in the 414:, England. They married in 1761 while William was serving as a petty officer in the British Navy. They had eleven children, eight of whom survived to adulthood. Their first two sons died in infancy, both named William, as did their fourth child John. Their surviving children were 1113:, he openly endorsed copyright legislation pending in Congress. "We have a young literature", he wrote, "springing up and daily unfolding itself with wonderful energy and luxuriance, which … deserves all its fostering care". The legislation, however, did not pass at that time. 1092:

Clancy wrote to Irving, who "promptly aided the investigation into the truth, and promised to correct in future editions the misrepresentation complained of". Clancy traveled to his new posting by way of England, and bearing a letter of introduction from Irving, stopped at

1369:, and others, these works were demiromances, worthy at best of veiled condescension. However, more recently several of Irving's histories and biographies have again won praise for their reliability as well as the literary skill with which they were written. Specifically, 1193:. For its publication, Irving had made a deal which guaranteed him 12 percent of the retail price of all copies sold, an agreement that was unprecedented at that time. As he revised his older works for Putnam, he continued to write regularly, publishing biographies of 705:, a place that inspired other works, as well. In October 1818, Irving's brother William secured for Irving a post as chief clerk to the United States Navy and urged him to return home. Irving turned the offer down, opting to stay in England to pursue a writing career. 1349:

Hawless in 1881, "yet belonging to the New World, there is a quaint Old World flavor about him". Early critics often had difficulty separating Irving the man from Irving the writer. "The life of Washington Irving was one of the brightest ever led by an author", wrote

1422:" for New York City, and he is credited with inventing the expression "the almighty dollar". The surname of his fictional Dutch historian Diedrich Knickerbocker is generally associated with New York and New Yorkers, as found in New York's professional 1445:, Irving portrayed an idealized celebration of old-fashioned Christmas customs at a quaint English manor which depicted English Christmas festivities that he experienced while staying in England, which had largely been abandoned. He used text from 546:

in January 1807 with his brother William and his friend James Kirke Paulding, writing under various pseudonyms, such as William Wizard and Launcelot Langstaff. Irving lampooned New York culture and politics in a manner similar to the 20th century

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of my fellow man; and look back with regret to the confiding period of my literary career, when, poor as a rat, but rich in dreams, I beheld the world through the medium of my imagination and was apt to believe men as good as I wished them to be.

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in New York City. By his own admission, he was not a good student and barely passed the bar examination in 1806. He began socializing with a group of literate young men whom he dubbed "The Lads of Kilkenny", and he created the literary magazine

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Sunnyside was considered to be part of Irvington (or Dearman) at the time; the neighboring village of Tarrytown incorporated in 1870, two years before Irvington. The estate ended up in Tarrytown rather than Irvington after the boundaries were

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magazine in 1839, writing new essays and short stories under the Knickerbocker and Crayon pseudonyms. He was regularly approached by aspiring young authors for advice or endorsement, including Edgar Allan Poe, who sought Irving's comments on

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Unsuspecting readers followed the story of Knickerbocker and his manuscript with interest, and some New York city officials were concerned enough about the missing historian to offer a reward for his safe return. Irving then published

1026:. These three works made up Irving's "western" series of books and were written partly as a response to criticism that his time in England and Spain had made him more European than American. Critics such as James Fenimore Cooper and 7924: 689:

Irving spent the next two years trying to bail out the family firm financially but eventually had to declare bankruptcy. With no job prospects, he continued writing throughout 1817 and 1818. In the summer of 1817, he visited

922:. McLane immediately assigned the daily secretary work to another man and tapped Irving to fill the role of aide-de-camp. The two worked over the next year to negotiate a trade agreement between the United States and the 733:

Irving's reputation soared, and for the next two years, he led an active social life in Paris and Great Britain, where he was often feted as an anomaly of literature: an upstart American who dared to write English well.

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pronounced Irving "overrated". Hurt and depressed by the book's reception, Irving retreated to Paris where he spent the next year worrying about finances and scribbling down ideas for projects that never materialized.

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The Irving family settled in Manhattan, and were part of the city's merchant class. Washington was born on April 3, 1783, the same week that New York City residents learned of the British ceasefire which ended the

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was a moderate success, spreading Irving's name and reputation beyond New York. He gave New York City the nickname "Gotham" in its 17th issue dated November 11, 1807, an Anglo-Saxon word meaning "Goat's Town".

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the local pastor to forward his findings to Catholic periodicals in England, and upon publication, send a copy to Irving. Whether this was done is not clear as the disputed text remains in the 1849 edition.

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which was serialized from 1819 to 1820. He continued to publish regularly throughout his life, and he completed a five-volume biography of George Washington just eight months before his death at age 76 in

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wrote: "No man in the Republic of Letters has been more overrated than Mr. Washington Irving". Some critics claimed that Irving catered to British sensibilities, and one critic charged that he wrote "

7954: 3997:, 3 volumes, 1828, G. & C. Carvill, publishers, New York, New York; as 4 volumes, 1828, John Murray, publisher, London; and as 4 volumes, 1828, Paris A. and W. Galignani, publishers, France. 449:

Irving was an uninterested student who preferred adventure stories and drama, and he regularly sneaked out of class in the evenings to attend the theater by the time he was 14. An outbreak of

1487: 796:, "that we think ourselves bound in gratitude... to make a public acknowledgement of it". Irving was relieved at its reception, which did much to cement his reputation with European readers. 1579:

The Village Of North Tarrytown, New York, changed its name to "Sleepy Hollow" in 1996 to honor Washington Irving and capitalize on the popularity of the story "The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow".

926:, finally reaching a deal in August 1830. That same year, Irving was awarded a medal by the Royal Society of Literature, followed by an honorary doctorate of civil law from Oxford in 1831. 1022:. The two men met in Washington, D.C., several months later, and Bonneville sold his maps and rough notes to Irving for $ 1,000. Irving used these materials as the basis for his 1837 book 1315:

noted, there "is not a young literary aspirant in the country, who, if he ever personally met Irving, did not hear from him the kindest words of sympathy, regard, and encouragement".

978:(now the state of Oklahoma). At the completion of his western tour, Irving traveled through Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, where he became acquainted with politician and novelist 3762:

Irving's publisher, John Murray, overrode Irving's decision to use this pseudonym and published the book under Irving's name—much to the annoyance of its author. See Jones 258—259.

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as an Honorary Academician. He also began a friendly correspondence with Charles Dickens and hosted Dickens and his wife at Sunnyside during Dickens's American tour in 1842.

8511: 280:(April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) was an American short-story writer, essayist, biographer, historian, and diplomat of the early 19th century. He wrote the short stories " 1452:

Irving introduced the erroneous idea that Europeans believed the world to be flat prior to the discovery of the New World in his biography of Christopher Columbus, yet the

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in 1841. It required constant repair and renovation over the next 20 years, with costs continually escalating, so he reluctantly agreed to become a regular contributor to

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Irving appealed to Walter Scott for help procuring a more reputable publisher for the remainder of the book. Scott referred Irving to his own publisher, London powerhouse

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which related his recent travels on the frontier. The book was another popular success and also the first book written and published by Irving in the United States since

39: 828:"—under his Geoffrey Crayon persona. "I think there are in it some of the best things I have ever written", Irving told his sister. But while the book sold respectably, 1030:

felt that he had turned his back on his American heritage in favor of English aristocracy. Irving's western books were well received in the United States, particularly

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neighborhood in Chicago is named for him as well, though the original name of the subdivision was Irvington and then later Irving Park before annexation to Chicago.

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Following McLane's recall to the United States in 1831 to serve as Secretary of Treasury, Irving stayed on as the legation's chargé d'affaires until the arrival of

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With full access to the American consul's massive library of Spanish history, Irving began working on several books at once. The first offspring of this hard work,

1449:(London 1652) of old English Christmas traditions, and the book contributed to the revival and reinterpretation of the Christmas holiday in the United States. 1307:

other claims upon our gratitude, he adds also that of having been the first to win for our country an honourable name and position in the History of Letters".

4151: 1514:, which had reached the village by 1849, to change the name of the train station to "Irvington", and the village incorporated as Irvington on April 16, 1872. 730:. From then on, Irving would publish concurrently in the United States and Britain to protect his copyright, with Murray as his English publisher of choice. 8551: 4994: 1353:, an early Irving biographer. Later critics, however, began to review his writings as all style with no substance. "The man had no message", said critic 1189:

Irving returned from Spain in September 1846, took up residence at Sunnyside, and began work on an "Author's Revised Edition" of his works for publisher

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leanings and was the first of many pseudonyms he employed throughout his career. The letters brought Irving some early fame and moderate notoriety.

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being didactic in his short stories, writing stories simply to entertain rather than to enlighten. He also encouraged many would-be writers. As

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One of Irving's most lasting contributions to American culture is in the way that Americans celebrate Christmas. In his 1812 revisions to

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Pollard, Finn. "From beyond the grave and across the ocean: Washington Irving and the problem of being a questioning American, 1809–20".

4004:, 1 volume, 1829, G. & C. & H. Carvill, publishers, New York, New York; an abridged version prepared by Irving of his 1828 work. 8586: 8561: 8541: 5338: 3518: 1563: 784:, with Irving, as Crayon, narrating a series of more than 50 loosely connected short stories and essays. While some reviewers thought 7003: 3771:

Composed of the three short stories "A Tour on the Prairies", "Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey", and "Legends of the Conquest of Spain".

473:". "Of all the scenery of the Hudson", Irving wrote, "the Kaatskill Mountains had the most witching effect on my boyish imagination". 7373: 7183: 4292: 3432:

Grant (John), 2006, p. 32, in the subsection "The Earth – Flat or Hollow?" beginning at p. 30, within Chapter 1 "Worlds in Upheaval".

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is also named after Irving. It was incorporated on March 27, 1874, from parts of Clinton Township (Clinton Township is now part of

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in 1855. He was hired as an executor of John Jacob Astor's estate in 1848 and appointed by Astor's will as first chairman of the

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Irving arrived in New York on May 21, 1832, after 17 years abroad. That September, he accompanied Commissioner on Indian Affairs

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In the spring of 1819, Irving sent to his brother Ebenezer in New York a set of short prose pieces that he asked be published as

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soaring over treetops in a flying wagon, an invention which others dressed up as Santa Claus. In his five Christmas stories in

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In 1835, Irving purchased a "neglected cottage" and its surrounding riverfront property in Tarrytown, New York, which he named

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noted that Sunnyside had become "next to Mount Vernon, the best known and most cherished of all the dwellings in our land".

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on translations of French plays for the English stage, with little success. He also learned through Payne that the novelist

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Irving was one of the first American writers to earn acclaim in Europe, and he encouraged other American authors such as

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in London, to assist in negotiating the Anglo-American disagreement over the Oregon border that newly elected president

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in a letter to Irving. "I believe that we have had but one man who is so much in the popular heart". By 1859, author

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Kelly, Richard Michael (ed.) (2003), A Christmas Carol. p.20. Broadview Literary Texts, New York: Broadview Press,

3321: 773:, occupied by members of the Bracebridge family, near his sister's home in Birmingham) was published in June 1822. 485: 5407: 4704: 3724: 1140:. Irving maintained good relations with the various generals and politicians, as control of Spain rotated through 333:. He temporarily moved to England for the family business in 1815, where he achieved fame with the publication of 8521: 6949: 5113: 4503: 4259: 4137: 1521:, was founded by two of Irving's nephews, who named it in honor of their uncle's literary pseudonym. The city of 1507: 1460:

based many of his paintings on scenes from the works of Irving about Dutch New York, including such paintings as

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have earned the respect of scholars whose writings on those topics we consider authoritative in our generation:

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Irving was frustrated by bad investments, so he turned to writing to generate additional income, beginning with

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Irving composed the short story "Rip Van Winkle" overnight while staying with his sister Sarah and her husband,

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A History of New-York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty, by Diedrich Knickerbocker

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which he expected to be his masterpiece. Five volumes of the biography were published between 1855 and 1859.

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debates over the slave trade. He was also pressed into service by Louis McLane, the American Minister to the

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a simple headstone at Sleepy Hollow cemetery on December 1, 1859. Irving and his grave were commemorated by

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most gross and sensual are specifically mentioned, and the weaknesses of the flesh to which they were prone.

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made a trip to New York to try to recruit Oldstyle for a literary magazine he was editing in Philadelphia.

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in 1802 when he was 19, submitting commentaries on the city's social and theater scene under the pseudonym

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See Irving, 1829, Chapter VII: "Columbus before the council at Salamanca", pp. 40–47, especially p. 43.

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to a merchant family. He made his literary debut in 1802 with a series of observational letters to the

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Historic Sites and Landmarks That Shaped America [2 volumes]: From Acoma Pueblo to Ground Zero

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and was almost persuaded into a career as a painter. "My lot in life, however, was differently cast".

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Watts, Edward; Carlson, David J. (2012). "Introduction". In Watts, Edward; Carlson, David J. (eds.).

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appointed Irving as Minister to Spain in February 1842, after an endorsement from Secretary of State

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to have the first four American installments published as a single volume by John Miller in London.

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Mary Duarte, and Ronald E. Coons, "Washington Irving, American Ambassador to Spain, 1842-1846".

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reputation—between what is due to the pioneer solely, and what to the writer". A critic for the

873:, southern Spain, where Irving briefly resided in 1829, inspired one of his most colorful books. 8203: 8198: 8056: 7868: 7798: 7713: 7219: 7132: 7011: 6939: 6894: 6889: 6585: 6477: 6377: 5888: 5662: 5601: 5218: 4989: 4468: 4142: 1453: 1350: 1179: 979: 900: 854: 601: 501: 366: 120: 108: 6264: 6137: 5923: 5847: 5732: 5158: 3670: 2865:

Edgar Allan Poe to N. C. Brooks, Philadelphia, September 4, 1838. Cited in Williams, 2:101-02.

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in Manhattan in 1798 prompted his family to send him upriver, where he stayed with his friend

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Kime, Wayne R. "Washington Irving (3 April 1783-28 November 1859", in Clyde N. Wilson (ed.),

1776: 1654: 1528: 1511: 1312: 1295: 939: 753: 655: 597: 592: 567: 497: 430: 5499: 4974: 4959: 3633: 3522: 422:(1771), Catherine (1774), Ebenezer (1776), John Treat (1778), Sarah (1780), and Washington. 8461: 8456: 8374: 8339: 8272: 8138: 7848: 7758: 7738: 7683: 7573: 7091: 6992: 6565: 6127: 6014: 5939: 5652: 5616: 5318: 5298: 5052: 4739: 4679: 4573: 4529: 4324: 1708: 1546: 1518: 1382: 1366: 1190: 1137: 820: 536: 454: 311: 7265: 6665: 6482: 5717: 5494: 5351: 5072: 5037: 3749: 1510:, which is preserved as a museum. Influential residents of the village prevailed upon the 524: 8: 8277: 8260: 8188: 7863: 7833: 7743: 7718: 7658: 7598: 7548: 7533: 7224: 6924: 6783: 6487: 6372: 6213: 5596: 5591: 5427: 5168: 5103: 4719: 4509: 4486: 4197: 4180: 4165: 1552: 1503: 1362: 1299: 1141: 1015: 923: 635: 458: 439: 346: 339: 306:, as well as several histories of 15th-century Spain that deal with subjects such as the 96: 6575: 6091: 5908: 5448: 5386: 5233: 5062: 3683: 3502: 2322:

William Irving Jr. to Washington Irving, New York, October 14, 1818, Williams, 1:170-71.

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Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. "In The Churchyard at Tarrytown", quoted in Burstein, 330.

2400:

See comments of William Godwin, cited in PMI, 1:422; Lady Littleton, cited in PMI 2:20.

1532: 1332: 1245: 1001:. Irving made quick work of Astor's project, shipping the fawning biographical account 626: 583: 513: 466: 429:

Watercolor of Washington Irving's encounter with George Washington, painted in 1854 by

411: 5862: 5742: 4939: 4067: 3793:

Apap, Christopher, and Tracy Hoffman. "Prospects for the Study of Washington Irving".

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has been taught in schools as fact to many generations of Americans. American painter

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Docent Tour (October 28, 2017). "Home of the Legend: Washington Irving's Sunnyside".

1210: 1051: 887:, who gave him unfettered access to his library containing many medieval manuscripts. 808: 639: 303: 20: 6254: 6249: 6132: 4969: 4919: 3912:

McGann, Jerome. "Washington Irving", A History of New York", and American History".

3852: 1041:

Irving acquired his famous home in Tarrytown, New York, known as Sunnyside, in 1835.

496:, and was impressed enough to send clippings of the Oldstyle pieces to his daughter 8394: 8369: 8319: 8309: 8245: 8168: 8143: 8024: 8019: 7693: 7648: 7583: 7513: 7428: 7167: 6520: 6417: 6342: 6259: 6223: 6101: 6076: 6071: 5772: 5762: 5757: 5747: 5737: 5712: 5642: 5565: 5540: 5108: 5057: 4954: 4795: 4785: 4768: 4729: 4724: 4699: 4316: 4205:, Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library 4193: 4089: 3818: 3600: 3086:

William C. Preston to Washington Irving, Charlottesville, May 11, 1859, PMI, 4:286.

2455:

The Romance of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, John Howard Payne and Washington Irving

1690: 1482: 1337: 1221: 1194: 994: 975: 971: 930: 764: 295: 6695: 6685: 5903: 5677: 5514: 5178: 4856: 4113: 3986:, editors). 30 vols. (University of Wisconsin/Twayne, 1969–1986). Cited herein as 3651: 1566:

neighborhood in Indianapolis is also one of the many communities named after him.

1220:

and Washington, D.C., for his research, and struck up friendships with Presidents

943:, which would be published concurrently in the United States and England in 1832. 815:

was romantically interested in him, though Irving never pursued the relationship.

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LeMenager, Stephanie. "Trading Stories: Washington Irving and the Global West".

3212:

Poe to N.C. Brooks, Philadelphia, September 4, 1838. Cited in Williams 2:101-02.

759:

With both Irving and publisher John Murray eager to follow up on the success of

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and its author. "The public have been led to expect better things", wrote the

799:

Still struggling with writer's block, Irving traveled to Germany, settling in

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and other publications, and he began publishing a biography of his namesake

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Pierre M. Irving and Washington Irving: A Collaboration in Life and Letters

3097:

Pierre M. Irving and Washington Irving: A Collaboration in Life and Letters

2892:"Lives of the Deceased Bishops of the Catholic Church in the United States" 1438: 1217: 1105:

laws to protect writers from the kind of piracy that had initially plagued

919: 812: 691: 643: 450: 419: 382: 374: 178: 47: 6188: 3153:

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. "Address on the Death of Washington Irving",

1101:

Irving also championed America's maturing literature, advocating stronger

1018:

and was intrigued with his maps and stories of the territories beyond the

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in his 1876 poem "In the Churchyard at Tarrytown", which concludes with:

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Caldwell, John; Rodriguez Roque, Oswaldo (1994). Kathleen Luhrs (ed.).

1423: 1129: 1007:

in February 1836. In 1835, Irving, Astor, and a few others founded the

770: 702: 489: 362: 245: 229: 4114:

I Remain: A Digital Archive of Letters, Manuscripts, and Ephemera

903:. According to the popular book, Columbus proved the Earth was round. 7688: 6620: 5949: 5831: 5163: 4882: 4172:

Finding Aid for the Washington Irving Collection of Papers, 1805–1933

4171: 1331:

England, rather than his own country". For instance, American critic

1102: 974:

and Count Albert-Alexandre de Pourtales, and they traveled deep into

535:

Irving returned from Europe to study law with his legal mentor Judge

403: 322: 4244: 4031: 3925:

A Century of commentary on the works of Washington Irving, 1860–1974

3652:

Washington Irving, Irving Cliff and the Ill-fated Irving Cliff Hotel

3244:. Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press. p. xiii. 997:, who convinced him to write a history of his fur trading colony in 7987: 7588: 6760: 4098: 4094: 3423:

Grant (Edward), 2001, "God and Reason in the Middle Ages", p. 342.

2961:

Washington Irving to Ebenezer Irving, New York, February 10, 1842,

1862:

Biography and Poetical Remains of the Late Margaret Miller Davidson

1198: 1076: 866: 398:

Washington Irving's parents were William Irving Sr., originally of

307: 299: 3849:

Rip Van Winkle’s Republic: Washington Irving in History and Memory

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Guide to Timothy Hopkins' Washington Irving collection, 1683–1839

4161: 1375:

Astoria, or Anecdotes of an Enterprise beyond the Rocky Mountains

918:

Arriving in London, Irving joined the staff of American Minister

800: 3521:. Village of Irvington Chamber of Commerce. 2007. Archived from 3242:

John Neal and Nineteenth Century American Literature and Culture

2904:

Washington Irving to Lewis G. Clark, (before January 10, 1840),

861: 565:

The fictional "Diedrich Knickerbocker" from the frontispiece of

4877: 4188: 1506:" in 1854 to honor Washington Irving, who was living in nearby 913: 624:, Irving searched for a job and eventually became an editor of 407: 399: 7395: 4565: 318:. Irving served as American ambassador to Spain in the 1840s. 7967: 2130:

Washington Irving to William Irving Jr., September 20, 1804,

1205:, a collection of stories and essays that he had written for 1014:

During an extended stay at Astor's home, Irving met explorer

807:

He returned to Paris and began collaborating with playwright

694:, beginning a lifelong personal and professional friendship. 658:, in 1814 convinced him to enlist. He served on the staff of 315: 3601:"Declaration that Irving, TX is named for Washington Irving" 3119:. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: 179. 2626:

Washington Irving to Peter Irving, Alhambra, June 13, 1829.

737: 4833: 2666:

Washington Irving to Peter Irving, London, March 6, 1832,

818:

In August 1824, Irving published the collection of essays

638:. He was also among the first magazine editors to reprint 4185:

Department of Special Collections and University Archives

3835:

The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving

2996:

Irving to Thomas Wentworth Storrow, Madrid, 18 May 1844,

2985:

Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Proceedings

2834:, ser. 2 (June 1837): 279–90. See Aderman, Ralph M., ed. 2195:. (Oxford University Press, 1999), 417. See Jones, 74–75. 1727:

A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus

1559:, is located on Irving Cliff, which was named after him. 1371:

A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus

880:

A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus

361:. He was also admired by some British writers, including 19:

This article is about the writer. For the cricketer, see

4128:, Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections 2570:

Inventing the Flat Earth: Columbus and Modern Historians

3441: 2690:. Vol. 2. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 1502:

The village of Dearman, New York, changed its name to "

1034:, though British critics accused him of "book-making". 715:

edition, and the second volume of the London edition).

3815:

The Old and New World romanticism of Washington Irving

2590:

Lies Across America: What Our Historic Sites Get Wrong

2466:

Irving to Catharine Paris, Paris, September 20, 1824,

2370:

Irving, Washington. "Preface to the Revised Edition",

1344:

Other critics were more supportive of Irving's style.

613:

Manhattan residents in general and was adopted by the

3157:, J.D. McClatchy, editor. (Library of America, 2000). 1760:

Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus

893:

Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus

630:, where he wrote biographies of naval heroes such as 8512:

Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

3444:

American Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art

2143:

Irving, Washington. "Memoir of Washington Allston",

993:

in 1809. In 1834, he was approached by fur magnate

410:, Scotland, and Sarah (née Saunders), originally of 16:

American writer, historian, and diplomat (1783–1859)

4196:, Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the 3975:. 4 vols. (G.P. Putnam, 1862). Cited herein as PMI. 3181:

The First Century of American Literature, 1770–1870

2024:"Sleepy Hollow: Surrounded by History, and Legends" 3459:Dutch New York: the roots of Hudson Valley culture 3041:George Washington in American Literature 1775–1865 2160:, 23:740-41. See also PMI, 1:173, Williams, 1:77, 508:was improving, but he did not like the choice to " 3750:"Washington Irving Memorial Park & Arboretum" 3043:. New York: Columbia University Press, 1952: 103. 3026: 3024: 1525:, states that it is named for Washington Irving. 947:toward elevating him to the presidential chair". 288:" (1820), both of which appear in his collection 8572:19th-century American dramatists and playwrights 8443: 3376: 752:Portrait of Irving in about 1820, attributed to 3869:Washington Irving: An American Study, 1802–1832 3196:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1977: 152. 3099:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1977: 151. 1576:There is a statue of Irving in Granada, Spain. 1462:Ichabod Crane Flying from the Headless Horseman 3021: 2879:. G.P. Putnam's Sons – via Google Books. 1341:dismissed Irving as a poor copy of Goldsmith. 1009:Saint Nicholas Society in the City of New York 970:on a surveying mission, along with companions 950: 853:While in Paris, Irving received a letter from 7940: 7381: 7251: 7019: 4581: 4557: 4520:Washington Irving Memorial Park and Arboretum 4260: 3456: 2679: 2108: 2106: 1583:Washington Irving Memorial Park and Arboretum 1396: 476:Irving began writing letters to the New York 7192:Sleepy Hollow: Music from the Motion Picture 7176:The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane 4377:The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus 3546:"If You're Thinking of Living in: Irvington" 3239: 2055: 1471:The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane 1411:The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane 1265:How sweet a life was his; how sweet a death! 1228:. He was elected an Associate Fellow of the 914:Secretary to the American legation in London 766:Bracebridge Hall, or The Humorists, A Medley 294:His historical works include biographies of 4002:The Life and Voyage of Christopher Columbus 3995:History of the Life of Christopher Columbus 3862:The Spanish Adventures of Washington Irving 3847:Burstein, Andrew, and Nancy Isenberg, eds. 3537: 3485: 3324:Vol. 30, Detroit: Gale Research, 1984, 155. 3183:. New York: Cooper Square Publishers, 1935. 2222:Washington Irving to Mrs. Amelia Foster, , 2156:Washington Irving to Mrs. Amelia Foster, , 1974:"The life and letters of Washington Irving" 1957: 1944: 1942: 1273:Of summers full of sunshine and of showers, 1267:Living, to wing with mirth the weary hours, 8552:Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees 7947: 7933: 7388: 7374: 7258: 7244: 7026: 7012: 4588: 4574: 4267: 4253: 2193:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 2103: 1269:Or with romantic tales the heart to cheer; 832:was dismissed by critics, who panned both 38: 8582:Presidents of the New York Public Library 8567:19th-century American short story writers 8532:Ambassadors of the United States to Spain 4293:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. 3851:(Louisiana State University Press, 2022) 3687:(Indiana University Press, 2001), p. 107. 3461:. Hudson River Museum. pp. 223–235. 2890:Clarke, Richard Henry (January 1, 1872). 2389:Washington Irving and the House of Murray 1673:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. 1437:, he inserted a dream sequence featuring 804:offer of marriage in the spring of 1823. 711:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. 335:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. 291:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. 8557:American male dramatists and playwrights 4068:Works by Washington Irving in eBook form 3511: 2391:. (University of Tennessee Press, 1969). 2331:Washington Irving to Ebenezer Irving, , 1939: 1493: 1481: 1400: 1289: 1275:A grief and gladness in the atmosphere. 1271:Dying, to leave a memory like the breath 1173: 1169: 1036: 954: 891:was published a year later, followed by 860: 747: 676: 577: 560: 523: 424: 7100:The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow 3980:The Complete Works of Washington Irving 3890:Washington Irving: An American Original 3885:(Ashtead, 2019). ISBN 978-1-78955-477-9 3544:Vizard, Mary McAleer (April 19, 1992). 3494: 3336:"So, Why Do We Call It Gotham, Anyway?" 3059:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences 3054:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter I" 2435:. (University of Michigan Press, 1957). 2413:. (G. K. Hall, 1990), 55–57; STW 1:209. 2021: 1109:. Writing in the January 1840 issue of 519: 8444: 7084:The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad 4168:, with 988 library catalog records 4009:Selected writings of Washington Irving 3543: 3500: 2889: 2875:Irving, Washington (January 1, 1849). 2874: 2737:See Irving, "A Tour on the Prairies", 2682:"La Trobe, Charles Joseph (1801–1875)" 2062:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 519. 1414:, inspired by Washington Irving's work 1285: 7928: 7369: 7239: 7184:Ichabod – The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 7007: 6935:Romanticism and the French Revolution 4569: 4556: 4274: 4248: 3973:Life and Letters of Washington Irving 3795:Resources for American Literary Study 3702:Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife 2894:. P. O'Shea – via Google Books. 1230:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 8492:American speculative fiction writers 3942:Washington Irving: a reference guide 3785:Critical essays on Washington Irving 3370: 3310: 3046: 2836:Critical Essays on Washington Irving 2592:. New York: The New Press, 1999: 59. 2487:, et al., 1824. Cited in Jones, 222. 2457:. Boston: Bibliophile Society, 1907. 2411:Critical Essays on Washington Irving 2191:Burrows, Edwin G. and Mike Wallace. 2022:Mancuso, Anne (September 28, 2016). 1828:The Adventures of Captain Bonneville 1744:Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada 1123: 1024:The Adventures of Captain Bonneville 889:Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada 8507:American people of Scottish descent 4544:U.S. ambassador to Spain, 1842–1846 4412:Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent. 4333:The Adventure of the German Student 4183:– five 5 volumes of letters at the 4086:Works by or about Washington Irving 3935:American Nineteenth Century History 3661:", Wayne County Historical Society] 3638:www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org 3381:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1116:In 1841, Irving was elected to the 906:In 1829, Irving was elected to the 769:(the location was based loosely on 654:like many other merchants, but the 13: 8502:American people of English descent 7963:United States Ambassadors to Spain 7126:The Night of the Headless Horseman 4132:Washington Irving at Poets' Corner 3965: 3883:The Genealogy of Washington Irving 3777: 3722: 3671:Irvington Development Organization 2687:Australian Dictionary of Biography 670: 656:British attack on Washington, D.C. 44:Daguerreotype of Washington Irving 14: 8598: 8587:19th-century pseudonymous writers 8562:American male short story writers 8542:Burials at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery 7210:Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow 4018: 3333: 1976:(Cited herein as PMI), vol. 1:26. 1645:Launcelot Langstaff, Will Wizard 1418:Irving popularized the nickname " 665: 582:Portrait of Washington Irving by 7966: 7956: 7397:Hall of Fame for Great Americans 6988: 6987: 4194:The Washington Irving Collection 4149:Washington Irving Cultural Route 4102: 3765: 3756: 3742: 3716: 3690: 3675: 3664: 3644: 3626: 3614: 3593: 3563: 3475: 3450: 3435: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3395: 3354: 3327: 3322:Dictionary of Literary Biography 3297: 3284: 3271: 3258: 3233: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3186: 3173: 3160: 2832:Monthly Review, New and Improved 1785:"The Author of the Sketch Book" 858:archives for colorful material. 848: 650:". Irving initially opposed the 191: 8547:19th-century American diplomats 4595: 4011:(Modern Library edition, 1945) 3698:"Monumento a Washington Irving" 3379:Christmas in America: a History 3147: 3138: 3129: 3117:The Almanac of American Letters 3109: 3089: 3080: 3071: 3033: 3012: 3003: 2990: 2977: 2968: 2955: 2946: 2937: 2911: 2898: 2883: 2868: 2859: 2850: 2841: 2825: 2816: 2807: 2798: 2789: 2780: 2771: 2762: 2753: 2744: 2731: 2673: 2660: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2620: 2595: 2582: 2562: 2553: 2544: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2508: 2499: 2490: 2473: 2460: 2447: 2438: 2425: 2416: 2403: 2394: 2381: 2364: 2355: 2338: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2298: 2289: 2280: 2271: 2262: 2253: 2244: 2229: 2216: 2207: 2198: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2150: 2137: 2124: 2115: 2094: 2085: 2076: 1178:Washington Irving's headstone, 209:United States Minister to Spain 4138:"A Day with Washington Irving" 3952:The Life of Washington Irving. 3825:The World Of Washington Irving 3805:Washington Irving bibliography 3318:American Historians, 1607-1865 2692:Australian National University 2481:Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 2049: 2015: 2006: 1997: 1988: 1979: 1966: 1951: 1569:Irving College (1838–1890) in 1201:in 1850. In 1855, he produced 1062:The Fall of the House of Usher 908:American Philosophical Society 838:United States Literary Gazette 646:", which was immortalized as " 393: 329:, written under the pseudonym 321:Irving was born and raised in 1: 6958:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 4189:Stanford University Libraries 3504:History of Westchester County 3305:A Literary History of America 3292:The Life of Washington Irving 2987:(1992), Vol. 21, pp, 350-360. 2838:. (G. K. Hall, 1990), 110–11. 2433:Washington Irving and Germany 1933: 1916:The Life of George Washington 1335:in his 1824–25 critical work 1294:Bust of Washington Irving by 1216:Irving traveled regularly to 528:Matilda Hoffman, portrait by 8487:American satirical novelists 4203:Washington Irving Collection 2572:. Praeger Paperback, 1997. 1844:The Life of Oliver Goldsmith 1619:Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle 1477: 1466:The Return of Rip Van Winkle 1447:The Vindication of Christmas 1197:in 1849 and Islamic prophet 1075:, newly appointed bishop to 1071:brought to the attention of 824:—including the short story " 788:to be a lesser imitation of 465:where he passed through the 388: 7: 8527:Writers of the Romantic era 7119:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 7039:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 4301:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 4101:(public domain audiobooks) 4056:GPX (secondary coordinates) 4000:Irving, Washington. (1829) 3993:Irving, Washington. (1828) 3954:2 vols. (Oxford UP, 1935). 3507:. Vol. 2. p. 190. 3457:Roger Panetta, ed. (2009). 2352:, xxv–xxviii; PMI 1:418–19. 1838:Biography/romantic history 1598:Works by Washington Irving 1346:William Makepeace Thackeray 951:Return to the United States 901:believed the Earth was flat 813:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley 286:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 10: 8603: 7679:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 6875:Coleridge's theory of life 4515:Washington Irving Memorial 4393:Mahomet and His Successors 4095:Works by Washington Irving 4077:Works by Washington Irving 3878:. (Alfred A. Knopf, 1925). 3876:Washington Irving, Esquire 3864:. (Riverside Press, 1940). 3657:November 19, 2019, at the 2387:McClary, Ben Harris, ed. 1879:Mahomet and His Successors 1397:Impact on American culture 1258:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1118:National Academy of Design 1069:Charleston, South Carolina 959:Irving and his friends at 492:was a co-publisher of the 351:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 18: 8472:American male biographers 8217: 8046:Minister Plenipotentiary 8043: 7977:Ministers Plenipotentiary 7976: 7619:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 7614:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. 7404: 7329: 7278: 7202: 7159: 7110: 7067: 7046: 6967: 6930:Romanticism and economics 6867: 6759: 6506: 6328: 6273: 6242: 6166: 6115: 6064: 6023: 5932: 5876: 5840: 5794: 5785: 5630: 5574: 5523: 5482: 5441: 5395: 5337: 5207: 5086: 5008: 4945:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 4927: 4918: 4804: 4672: 4603: 4563: 4558:Links to related articles 4541: 4496: 4461: 4438: 4403: 4366: 4282: 4233: 4224: 4216: 4211: 4134:(theOtherPages.org/poems) 4110:Washington Irving letters 4051:GPX (primary coordinates) 4026:Map all coordinates using 3914:Early American Literature 3904:American Literary History 3871:(Johns Hopkins UP, 2019). 3377:Restad, Penne L. (1995). 3342:. New York Public Library 3168:American Literary Masters 2568:Russell, Jeffrey Burton. 2238:Oxford English Dictionary 2056:Newton-Matza, M. (2016). 1972:Irving, Pierre M. (1862) 1914: 1894: 1876: 1860: 1842: 1826: 1808: 1792: 1774: 1758: 1742: 1724: 1706: 1688: 1670: 1652: 1634: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1571:Irving College, Tennessee 1379:Life of George Washington 1280: 1250:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. 469:region, the setting for " 271: 267: 263: 258:Romulus Mitchell Saunders 251: 239: 225: 214: 207: 203: 199: 190: 185: 169: 161: 153: 127: 115: 104: 81: 61: 37: 30: 8517:New York (state) lawyers 8218:Ambassador Extraordinary 7804:William Tecumseh Sherman 7494:George Washington Carver 7346:The Rip Van Winkle Caper 4710:German historical school 4347:The Devil and Tom Walker 4034:Download coordinates as: 3403:The Battle for Christmas 3155:Poems and Other Writings 2431:See Reichart, Walter A. 1592: 1573:, was named for Irving. 1498:Statue in Granada, Spain 1391:Douglas Southall Freeman 1302:, not far from Sunnyside 826:The Devil and Tom Walker 726:, who agreed to take on 648:The Star-Spangled Banner 8577:American male essayists 8497:American travel writers 8044:Envoy Extraordinary and 7884:John Greenleaf Whittier 7499:William Ellery Channing 7215:Sleepy Hollow, New York 5357:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 4525:Irving Literary Society 4176:New York Public Library 4112:at Lehigh University's 3837:. (Basic Books, 2007). 3401:See Stephen Nissebaum, 3039:Bryan, William Alfred. 2919:"National Academicians" 2877:"The Crayon Miscellany" 2648:PMI, 2:429, 430, 431–32 2453:See Sanborn, F.B., ed. 2409:Aderman, Ralph M., ed. 1663:Diedrich Knickerbocker 1557:Honesdale, Pennsylvania 1428:New York Knickerbockers 1238:New York Public Library 1184:Sleepy Hollow, New York 968:Henry Leavitt Ellsworth 780:was similar to that of 615:New York Knickerbockers 600:seeking information on 8522:Writers from Manhattan 7869:James McNeill Whistler 7799:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 7714:Matthew Fontaine Maury 7220:Sleepy Hollow Cemetery 6940:Romanticism in science 6895:Middle Ages in history 6890:List of Romantic poets 5602:Josiah Gilbert Holland 4469:Diedrich Knickerbocker 4227:U.S. Minister to Spain 4154:June 19, 2014, at the 4124:April 3, 2015, at the 3923:Myers, Andrew B., ed. 3916:47.2 (2012): 349–376. 3906:15.4 (2003): 683–708. 3783:Aderman, Ralph M. ed. 2680:Jill Eastwood (1967). 2012:Warner, 27; PMI, 1:36. 1960:Historic Hudson Valley 1905:Diedrich Knickerbocker 1630:Observational letters 1499: 1491: 1415: 1351:Richard Henry Stoddard 1303: 1278: 1236:, a forerunner to the 1186: 1180:Sleepy Hollow Cemetery 1166:had vowed to resolve. 1155: 1090: 1042: 1032:A Tour on the Prairies 987:A Tour on the Prairies 980:John Pendleton Kennedy 963: 874: 855:Alexander Hill Everett 756: 686: 602:Diedrich Knickerbocker 587: 575: 532: 502:Charles Brockden Brown 484:. The name evoked his 434: 121:Diedrich Knickerbocker 109:Sleepy Hollow Cemetery 7819:Harriet Beecher Stowe 7789:Franklin D. Roosevelt 7519:James Fenimore Cooper 7479:William Cullen Bryant 7454:Alexander Graham Bell 7076:The Headless Horseman 7059:The Headless Horseman 6910:Romantic epistemology 6900:Opium and Romanticism 5469:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 4695:Counter-Enlightenment 4471:(character, pen name) 4428:A History of New York 4356:Tales of the Alhambra 4046:GPX (all coordinates) 3950:Williams, Stanley T. 3940:Springer, Haskell S. 3684:Tennessee Place Names 3519:"About Irvington, NY" 3501:Scharf (1886). "II". 2378:, 8:7; Jones, 188-89. 1910:Short stories/essays 1794:The Crayon Miscellany 1788:Short stories/travel 1777:Tales of the Alhambra 1751:Fray Antonio Agapida 1720:Short stories/essays 1702:Short stories/essays 1684:Short stories/essays 1655:A History of New York 1553:Gibbons Memorial Park 1529:Irvington, New Jersey 1512:Hudson River Railroad 1497: 1485: 1435:A History of New York 1404: 1363:John Franklin Jameson 1313:George William Curtis 1296:Daniel Chester French 1293: 1262: 1177: 1170:Final years and death 1150: 1085: 1081:The Crayon Miscellany 1040: 991:A History of New York 958: 940:Tales of the Alhambra 864: 754:Charles Robert Leslie 751: 680: 622:A History of New York 620:After the success of 610:A History of New York 598:New York Evening Post 581: 568:A History of New York 564: 527: 431:George Bernard Butler 428: 8467:American biographers 7849:Booker T. Washington 7759:Alice Freeman Palmer 7739:William T. G. Morton 7684:James Russell Lowell 6974:Age of Enlightenment 4616:England (literature) 4325:Tales of a Traveller 4140:, published 1859 in 4007:Irving, Washington. 3978:Irving, Washington. 3179:Pattee, Fred Lewis. 3030:Williams, 2:208–209. 2607:search.amphilsoc.org 2603:"APS Member History" 1709:Tales of a Traveller 1542:is named after him. 1519:Knickerbocker, Texas 1383:Samuel Eliot Morison 1191:George Palmer Putnam 1160:Court of St. James's 821:Tales of a Traveller 743:Tales of a Traveller 642:'s poem "Defense of 571:, a wash drawing by 537:Josiah Ogden Hoffman 520:First major writings 510:gallop through Italy 455:James Kirke Paulding 418:(1766), Ann (1770), 312:Christopher Columbus 8537:American Hispanists 8220:and Plenipotentiary 7864:George Westinghouse 7834:Henry David Thoreau 7744:John Lothrop Motley 7719:Albert A. Michelson 7599:Nathaniel Hawthorne 7549:Ralph Waldo Emerson 7534:James Buchanan Eads 7267:Washington Irving's 7225:Tarrytown, New York 6925:Romantic psychology 4720:Hudson River School 4664:Sweden (literature) 4649:Russia (literature) 4510:Knickerbocker Group 4487:Anthony Van Corlaer 4237:Romulus M. Saunders 4198:Library of Congress 4166:Library of Congress 4119:Irving letter, 1854 3937:8.1 (2007): 81–101. 3874:Hellman, George S. 3867:Hedges, William L. 3623:April 12, 1987, p.6 3525:on December 6, 2008 2925:on January 16, 2014 1599: 1486:Washington Irving, 1300:Irvington, New York 1286:Literary reputation 1067:In 1837, a lady of 1016:Benjamin Bonneville 924:British West Indies 899:medieval Europeans 703:Birmingham, England 636:Oliver Hazard Perry 463:Johnstown, New York 459:Tarrytown, New York 440:American Revolution 347:Nathaniel Hawthorne 340:Tarrytown, New York 123:, Jonathan Oldstyle 8482:American satirists 8477:American essayists 7794:Theodore Roosevelt 7734:Samuel F. B. Morse 7594:Alexander Hamilton 7539:Thomas Alva Edison 7449:Henry Ward Beecher 7434:John James Audubon 7195:(soundtrack album) 4910:White Mountain art 4851:Historical fiction 4659:Spain (literature) 3971:Irving, Pierre M. 3892:. (Arcade, 2008). 3888:Jones, Brian Jay. 3833:Burstein, Andrew. 3823:Brooks, Van Wyck. 3813:Brodwin, Stanley. 3581:on August 18, 2011 3279:American Humorists 2777:Williams, 2:76–77. 2694:. pp. 89–93. 2485:Westminster Review 2028:The New York Times 1924:Washington Irving 1907:Washington Irving 1887:Washington Irving 1869:Washington Irving 1853:Washington Irving 1835:Washington Irving 1819:Washington Irving 1770:Biography/history 1767:Washington Irving 1735:Washington Irving 1627:Jonathan Oldstyle 1597: 1533:Newark, New Jersey 1500: 1492: 1416: 1304: 1246:William C. Preston 1187: 1043: 964: 875: 757: 687: 681:The front page of 627:Analectic Magazine 588: 584:John Wesley Jarvis 576: 573:Felix O. C. Darley 533: 514:Washington Allston 467:Catskill Mountains 435: 412:Falmouth, Cornwall 134:Short story writer 8452:Washington Irving 8439: 8438: 8433: 8432: 8301: 8298:chargé d'affaires 8269: 8266:chargé d'affaires 8080: 8077:chargé d'affaires 8001: 7998:chargé d'affaires 7922: 7921: 7854:George Washington 7809:John Philip Sousa 7644:Thomas J. Jackson 7634:Washington Irving 7579:William C. Gorgas 7564:Benjamin Franklin 7529:Charlotte Cushman 7414:John Quincy Adams 7363: 7362: 7233: 7232: 7160:Other adaptations 7141:Headless Horseman 7035:Washington Irving 7001: 7000: 6915:Romantic medicine 6885:List of romantics 6324: 6323: 5975:Felix Mendelssohn 5970:Fanny Mendelssohn 5781: 5780: 5495:Rosalía de Castro 5433:Soares dos Passos 4781:Transcendentalism 4745:Nazarene movement 4705:Düsseldorf School 4550: 4549: 4532:Washington Irving 4506:(home and museum) 4481:Headless Horseman 4276:Washington Irving 4243: 4242: 4234:Succeeded by 4212:Diplomatic posts 4162:Washington Irving 4081:Project Gutenberg 3898:978-1-55970-836-4 3881:Irvine, James M. 3843:978-0-465-00853-7 3803:Bowden, Edwin T. 3797:35 (2010): 3–27. 3723:Feloni, Richard. 3468:978-0-8232-3039-6 3266:Roundabout Papers 3251:978-1-61148-420-5 3166:Leon H. Vincent, 3115:Nelson, Randy F. 2750:Williams, 2:48–49 2701:978-0-522-84459-7 2588:Loewen, James W. 2344:See reviews from 2236:"Knickerbocker". 2069:978-1-61069-750-7 1931: 1930: 1754:Romantic history 1606:Publication date 1538:Irving Street in 1408:'s 1858 painting 1211:George Washington 1207:The Knickerbocker 1138:Queen Isabella II 1124:Minister to Spain 1052:The Knickerbocker 809:John Howard Payne 640:Francis Scott Key 617:basketball team. 590:Irving completed 482:Jonathan Oldstyle 478:Morning Chronicle 331:Jonathan Oldstyle 327:Morning Chronicle 304:George Washington 278:Washington Irving 275: 274: 162:Literary movement 119:Geoffrey Crayon, 85:November 28, 1859 32:Washington Irving 21:Irving Washington 8594: 8295: 8263: 8074: 7995: 7971: 7970: 7961: 7960: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7926: 7925: 7694:Edward MacDowell 7649:Thomas Jefferson 7584:Ulysses S. Grant 7544:Jonathan Edwards 7514:Grover Cleveland 7429:Susan B. Anthony 7390: 7383: 7376: 7367: 7366: 7260: 7253: 7246: 7237: 7236: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7005: 7004: 6991: 6990: 6950:Evolution theory 5792: 5791: 4925: 4924: 4786:Ukrainian school 4590: 4583: 4576: 4567: 4566: 4554: 4553: 4317:Bracebridge Hall 4269: 4262: 4255: 4246: 4245: 4217:Preceded by 4209: 4208: 4106: 4105: 4090:Internet Archive 3858:Bowers, Claude G 3772: 3769: 3763: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3729:Business Insider 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3694: 3688: 3679: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3577:. 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5735: 5733:Oehlenschläger 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5486: 5484: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5403:Castelo Branco 5399: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5343: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5129:Brothers Grimm 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4931: 4929: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4912: 4907: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4853: 4848: 4847: 4846: 4841: 4831: 4829:Gothic fiction 4826: 4819: 4817:British Marine 4814: 4808: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4771: 4766: 4765: 4764: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4715:Gothic revival 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4593: 4592: 4585: 4578: 4570: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4465: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4455: 4449: 4446:William Irving 4442: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4424: 4416: 4407: 4405: 4404:Other writings 4401: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4389: 4381: 4372: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4343: 4336: 4321: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4308:Rip Van Winkle 4304: 4288: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4272: 4271: 4264: 4257: 4249: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4232: 4223: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4200: 4191: 4178: 4169: 4159: 4146: 4135: 4129: 4116: 4107: 4092: 4083: 4074: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4037: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4019:External links 4017: 4016: 4015: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3976: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3948: 3938: 3931: 3921: 3910: 3900: 3886: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3855: 3845: 3831: 3821: 3811: 3801: 3791: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3773: 3764: 3755: 3741: 3715: 3689: 3681:Larry Miller, 3674: 3663: 3643: 3625: 3613: 3592: 3562: 3550:New York Times 3536: 3510: 3493: 3484: 3474: 3467: 3449: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3394: 3387: 3369: 3353: 3326: 3309: 3296: 3283: 3270: 3257: 3250: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3185: 3172: 3159: 3146: 3137: 3128: 3108: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3045: 3032: 3020: 3011: 3009:Jones, 415-56. 3002: 2989: 2976: 2967: 2954: 2945: 2936: 2910: 2897: 2882: 2867: 2858: 2849: 2847:Burstein, 295. 2840: 2824: 2822:Jones, 318-28. 2815: 2806: 2797: 2795:Burstein, 288. 2788: 2779: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2730: 2700: 2672: 2659: 2650: 2641: 2632: 2619: 2594: 2581: 2561: 2559:Burstein, 225. 2552: 2550:Burstein, 212. 2543: 2534: 2525: 2523:Burstein, 196. 2516: 2514:Bowers, 22–48. 2507: 2505:Burstein, 191. 2498: 2489: 2472: 2459: 2446: 2444:Jones, 207-14. 2437: 2424: 2415: 2402: 2393: 2380: 2363: 2354: 2337: 2324: 2315: 2306: 2304:Jones, 154-60. 2297: 2288: 2279: 2270: 2261: 2259:Jones, 121–22. 2252: 2243: 2228: 2215: 2206: 2204:Jones, 118-27. 2197: 2184: 2175: 2166: 2149: 2136: 2123: 2114: 2102: 2093: 2084: 2075: 2068: 2048: 2014: 2005: 1996: 1987: 1978: 1965: 1950: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1901: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1806: 1805: 1804:Short stories 1802: 1799: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1594: 1591: 1479: 1476: 1398: 1395: 1387:Bernard DeVoto 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1263: 1171: 1168: 1144:, Bravo, then 1134:Daniel Webster 1125: 1122: 1095:Newstead Abbey 1073:William Clancy 1058:William Wilson 1028:Philip Freneau 952: 949: 935:Andrew Jackson 915: 912: 850: 847: 776:The format of 745: 736: 699:Henry van Wart 674: 669: 667: 666:Life in Europe 664: 632:James Lawrence 521: 518: 471:Rip Van Winkle 395: 392: 390: 387: 284:" (1819) and " 282:Rip Van Winkle 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 261: 260: 255: 249: 248: 243: 237: 236: 227: 223: 222: 212: 211: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196: 188: 187: 183: 182: 174:William Irving 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 148: 147: 144: 141: 138: 135: 131: 129: 125: 124: 117: 113: 112: 106: 102: 101: 89:(aged 76) 83: 79: 78: 63: 59: 58: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8599: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8299: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8267: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 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Lee 7667: 7665: 7664:Sidney Lanier 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7609:Patrick Henry 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7569:Robert Fulton 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7424:Louis Agassiz 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7406: 7403: 7398: 7391: 7386: 7384: 7379: 7377: 7372: 7371: 7368: 7356: 7354: 7350: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7328: 7321: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7308: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7277: 7272: 7268: 7261: 7256: 7254: 7249: 7247: 7242: 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5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5688:Nikolai Gogol 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5481: 5475: 5472: 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Brontë 5234:C. Brontë 5164:Jean Paul 5159:Hölderlin 5048:Lamartine 4985:Magalhães 4975:Guimarães 4883:Pantheism 4873:Nostalgia 4725:Indianism 4673:Movements 4604:Countries 4504:Sunnyside 4454:(brother) 4448:(brother) 4423:(1807–08) 4174:, at the 3982:. 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