260:
164:
33:
172:
186:
786:
148:
All chemicals that react vigorously with water or liberate toxic gas when in contact with water are recognized for their hazardous nature in the "Approved Supply List", or the list of substances covered by the international legislation on major hazards many of which are commonly used in manufacturing
267:
The alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) are the second most reactive metals in the periodic table, and, like the Group 1 metals, have increasing reactivity with increasing numbers of energy levels. Beryllium (Be) is the only alkaline earth metal that does not react with water or
633:
177:
173:
189:
175:
188:
193:
192:
187:
194:
176:
648:
191:
302:
Magnesium has a mild reaction with cold water. The reaction is short-lived because the magnesium hydroxide layer formed on the magnesium is almost insoluble in water and prevents further reaction.
483:
directly through reaction with water. The reaction of fluorine with water is especially hazardous, as an addition of fluorine gas to cold water will produce hydrofluoric acid, oxygen gas, and
174:
190:
320:
A metal reacting with cold water will produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. However, if a metal reacts with steam, like magnesium, metal oxide is produced as a result of
838:
711:
91:
are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. Some are highly reducing in nature. Notable examples include
126:
and sulfuric acid. The use of acid-resistant gloves and face shield is recommended for safe handling; fume hoods are another effective control of such substances.
145:". The classification of substances as water-reactive is largely a consideration for the safety of firefighting and transportation operations.
327:
The hydroxides of calcium, strontium and barium are only slightly water-soluble but produce sufficient hydroxide ions to make the environment
134:
567:
762:
616:
50:
867:(Report). Mound Lab., Miamisburg, Ohio (Grace (W.R.) and Co., Clarksville, Md. Washington Research Center). p. 4.
687:
72:
1053:
553:
17:
358:
and hydrogen gas. Notably, radium hydroxide is the most soluble out of all alkaline earth hydroxide species.
934:
211:
525:
54:
43:
879:
1043:
1038:
548:
Raymond, Chang (2010). Chemistry (PDF) (tenth ed.). Americas, New York: McGraw-Hill. pp.897-898.
1048:
259:
242:
163:
598:
812:
254:
104:
674:
354:
reacts similarly to the rest of the alkaline earth metals (other than magnesium), forming
8:
468:
459:, and form many simple strong acids with hydrogen. Out of the four stable halogens, only
575:
928:
737:
279:
Magnesium shows insignificant reaction with water, but burns vigorously with steam or
990:
901:
683:
612:
549:
480:
476:
328:
272:, even if the metal is heated red hot. Additionally, beryllium has a resistant outer
923:. Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP: Oxford University Press. pp. 114–115.
982:
970:
891:
604:
456:
355:
504:
210:- they all react vigorously or even explosively with cold water, resulting in the
321:
207:
123:
1032:
994:
905:
203:
158:
119:
1008:
948:
896:
141:
fire diamond's white square, and in similar contexts, they are denoted as "
92:
676:
REACTPOOL: A new model for accidental releases of water-reactive chemicals
280:
986:
954:
608:
427:
864:
130:
108:
878:
Brown, Paul L.; Matyskin, Artem V.; Ekberg, Christian (2022-06-27).
464:
460:
441:
138:
452:
444:
is always produced when a metal reacts with cold water or steam.
100:
96:
206:(Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) are the most reactive metals in the
472:
434:
351:
112:
484:
273:
269:
218:
129:
Water-reactive substances are classified as R2 under the
600:
Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response Manual
276:
layer that lowers its reactivity at lower temperatures.
225:) and hydroxide ion (OH), giving a general equation of:
419:
Slow reaction with cold water, vigorous with hot water
971:"Reaction of Fluorine with Water and with Hydroxides"
53:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
877:
283:to produce white magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas:
1009:"Fluoride Salts, Soluble | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA"
565:
1030:
949:"Reactions of Main Group Elements with Halogens"
634:"MODELLING RELEASES OF WATER REACTIVE CHEMICALS"
241:The Group 1 metals or alkali metals become more
918:
672:
217:The Group 1 metal (M) is oxidised to its metal
813:"Reactions of the Group 2 Elements with Water"
361:
862:
839:"Reactions of Main Group Elements with Water"
712:"Reactions of Main Group Elements with Water"
507:. Interactive Learning Paradigms Incorporated
863:Salutsky, M. L.; Kirby, H. W. (1964-12-01).
455:are so named due to their potential to form
919:Gallagher, RoseMarie; Ingram, Paul (2009).
631:
245:as their number of energy levels inceases.
787:"Reactions of Group 2 Elements with Water"
135:United States Department of Transportation
895:
221:, and water is reduced to hydrogen gas (H
85:Substances that readily reacts with water
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
975:Journal of the American Chemical Society
742:Michael Pilgaard's Table of the Elements
505:"The MSDS HyperGlossary: Metal Reactive"
487:. However, the reaction is fairly slow.
258:
248:
184:
170:
162:
118:Some water-reactive substances are also
49:Relevant discussion may be found on the
969:Cady, George Hamilton (February 1935).
596:
408:Less vigorous reaction with cold water
386:Very vigorous reaction with cold water
14:
1031:
836:
763:"The reaction of magnesium with steam"
709:
603:(1 ed.). Wiley. pp. 48–49.
968:
735:
632:Quinn, D. J.; Davies, P. A. (2003).
26:
24:
397:Vigorous reaction with cold water
198:Reaction of potassium (K) in water
25:
1065:
880:"The aqueous chemistry of radium"
837:Landas, Trevor (2 October 2013).
810:
710:Landas, Trevor (2 October 2013).
673:Kapias, T; Griffiths, RF (2001).
572:Environmental Health & Safety
426:If metals react with cold water,
181:Reaction of sodium (Na) and water
597:Gallant, Brian J. (2006-01-13).
331:, giving a general equation of:
152:
31:
1001:
962:
941:
912:
871:
856:
830:
804:
779:
755:
738:"Beryllium: Chemical Reactions"
921:Chemistry IGCSE Revision Guide
729:
703:
666:
625:
590:
559:
542:
518:
497:
375:Reactions with water or steam
263:Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
13:
1:
556:. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
490:
233:O(l) ⟶ 2 M(aq) + 2 OH(aq) + H
865:THE RADIOCHEMISTRY OF RADIUM
433:If metals react with steam,
7:
447:
362:Reactivity series of metals
10:
1070:
526:"Shipping dangerous goods"
252:
156:
133:and as Hazard 4.3 by the
89:Water-reactive substances
933:: CS1 maint: location (
566:The University of Iowa.
475:, allowing them to form
324:splitting upon heating.
131:UN classification system
1013:cameochemicals.noaa.gov
897:10.1515/ract-2021-1141
264:
199:
182:
168:
167:Group 1: Alkali metals
1054:Alkaline earth metals
262:
255:Alkaline earth metals
249:Alkaline earth metals
197:
180:
166:
105:alkaline earth metals
843:Chemistry LibreTexts
791:Chemistry LibreTexts
716:Chemistry LibreTexts
568:"Reactive Chemicals"
471:higher than that of
469:reduction potentials
391:Second most reactive
42:factual accuracy is
987:10.1021/ja01305a006
736:Pilgaard, Michael.
654:on 26 February 2018
402:Third most reactive
369:Order of reactivity
609:10.1002/0470007257
291:O(g) ⟶ MgO(s) + H
265:
200:
183:
169:
884:Radiochimica Acta
618:978-0-471-68400-8
481:hydrochloric acid
477:hydrofluoric acid
423:
422:
195:
178:
83:
82:
75:
16:(Redirected from
1061:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1005:
999:
998:
966:
960:
959:
958:. June 30, 2023.
945:
939:
938:
932:
924:
916:
910:
909:
899:
890:(6–9): 505–513.
875:
869:
868:
860:
854:
853:
851:
849:
834:
828:
827:
825:
823:
808:
802:
801:
799:
798:
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
707:
701:
700:
698:
696:
681:
670:
664:
663:
661:
659:
653:
647:. Archived from
641:Symposium Series
638:
629:
623:
622:
594:
588:
587:
585:
583:
574:. Archived from
563:
557:
546:
540:
539:
537:
536:
522:
516:
515:
513:
512:
501:
366:
365:
356:radium hydroxide
322:metal hydroxides
196:
179:
78:
71:
67:
64:
58:
55:reliably sourced
35:
34:
27:
21:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1044:Water chemistry
1039:Chemical safety
1029:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1002:
967:
963:
947:
946:
942:
926:
925:
917:
913:
876:
872:
861:
857:
847:
845:
835:
831:
821:
819:
809:
805:
796:
794:
785:
784:
780:
771:
769:
761:
760:
756:
746:
744:
734:
730:
720:
718:
708:
704:
694:
692:
690:
679:
671:
667:
657:
655:
651:
636:
630:
626:
619:
595:
591:
581:
579:
578:on 3 March 2018
564:
560:
547:
543:
534:
532:
524:
523:
519:
510:
508:
503:
502:
498:
493:
450:
364:
346:
342:
338:
316:
312:
308:
299:
294:
290:
257:
251:
236:
232:
224:
185:
171:
161:
155:
124:organometallics
86:
79:
68:
62:
59:
48:
40:This article's
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1067:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1025:
1024:
1000:
981:(2): 246–249.
961:
940:
911:
870:
855:
829:
803:
778:
754:
728:
702:
688:
665:
624:
617:
589:
558:
541:
517:
495:
494:
492:
489:
449:
446:
439:
438:
431:
421:
420:
417:
416:magnesium (Mg)
414:
413:Least reactive
410:
409:
406:
403:
399:
398:
395:
392:
388:
387:
384:
381:
377:
376:
373:
370:
363:
360:
349:
348:
344:
340:
336:
314:
310:
306:
297:
296:
292:
288:
253:Main article:
250:
247:
239:
238:
234:
230:
222:
208:periodic table
157:Main article:
154:
151:
84:
81:
80:
63:September 2024
39:
37:
30:
18:Water-reactive
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1066:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:Alkali metals
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1014:
1010:
1004:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
957:
956:
950:
944:
936:
930:
922:
915:
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:
866:
859:
844:
840:
833:
818:
814:
807:
792:
788:
782:
768:
767:RSC Education
764:
758:
743:
739:
732:
717:
713:
706:
691:
689:0-7176-1995-8
685:
678:
677:
669:
650:
646:
642:
635:
628:
620:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:
593:
577:
573:
569:
562:
555:
551:
545:
531:
527:
521:
506:
500:
496:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
445:
443:
436:
432:
430:are produced.
429:
425:
424:
418:
415:
412:
411:
407:
404:
401:
400:
396:
393:
390:
389:
385:
383:potassium (K)
382:
380:Most reactive
379:
378:
374:
371:
368:
367:
359:
357:
353:
334:
333:
332:
330:
325:
323:
318:
309:O(l) ⟶ Mg(OH)
303:
300:
286:
285:
284:
282:
277:
275:
271:
261:
256:
246:
244:
228:
227:
226:
220:
215:
214:of hydrogen.
213:
209:
205:
204:alkali metals
165:
160:
159:Alkali metals
153:Alkali metals
150:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:alkali metals
90:
77:
74:
66:
56:
52:
46:
45:
38:
29:
28:
19:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
1003:
978:
974:
964:
952:
943:
920:
914:
887:
883:
873:
858:
846:. Retrieved
842:
832:
820:. Retrieved
816:
811:Clark, Jim.
806:
795:. Retrieved
793:. 2013-10-03
790:
781:
770:. Retrieved
766:
757:
745:. Retrieved
741:
731:
719:. Retrieved
715:
705:
693:. Retrieved
675:
668:
656:. Retrieved
649:the original
644:
640:
627:
599:
592:
580:. Retrieved
576:the original
571:
561:
544:
533:. Retrieved
529:
520:
509:. Retrieved
499:
451:
440:
405:calcium (Ca)
350:
339:O(l) ⟶ M(OH)
326:
319:
304:
301:
298:
278:
266:
240:
229:2 M(s) + 2 H
216:
212:displacement
201:
147:
142:
128:
117:
88:
87:
69:
60:
41:
848:16 February
822:16 February
747:16 February
695:25 February
658:25 February
437:are formed.
394:sodium (Na)
281:water vapor
149:processes.
1033:Categories
1018:2024-02-05
955:LibreTexts
953:Chemistry
797:2023-09-08
772:2024-05-11
721:9 February
554:0077274318
535:2024-09-25
511:2007-05-10
491:References
428:hydroxides
335:M(s) + 2 H
305:Mg(s) + 2H
120:pyrophoric
995:0002-7863
929:cite book
906:0033-8230
817:ChemGuide
682:. Crown.
343:(aq) + H
287:Mg(s) + H
109:magnesium
51:talk page
465:chlorine
461:fluorine
453:Halogens
448:Halogens
442:Hydrogen
243:reactive
139:NFPA 704
137:. In an
111:through
99:through
44:disputed
582:2 March
313:(s) + H
122:, like
101:caesium
97:lithium
993:
904:
686:
615:
552:
530:GOV.UK
473:oxygen
435:oxides
352:Radium
113:barium
103:, and
680:(PDF)
652:(PDF)
637:(PDF)
485:ozone
467:have
457:salts
372:Metal
329:basic
274:oxide
270:steam
991:ISSN
935:link
902:ISSN
850:2018
824:2018
749:2018
723:2017
697:2018
684:ISBN
660:2018
613:ISBN
584:2018
550:ISBN
479:and
463:and
317:(g)
237:(g)
219:ions
202:The
983:doi
892:doi
888:110
645:149
605:doi
347:(g)
295:(g)
1035::
1011:.
989:.
979:57
977:.
973:.
951:.
931:}}
927:{{
900:.
886:.
882:.
841:.
815:.
789:.
765:.
740:.
714:.
643:.
639:.
611:.
570:.
528:.
115:.
107:,
95:,
1021:.
997:.
985::
937:)
908:.
894::
852:.
826:.
800:.
775:.
751:.
725:.
699:.
662:.
621:.
607::
586:.
538:.
514:.
345:2
341:2
337:2
315:2
311:2
307:2
293:2
289:2
235:2
231:2
223:2
143:W
76:)
70:(
65:)
61:(
57:.
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
