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862:, and can happen over seas, bays, and lakes worldwide. Approximately 160 waterspouts are currently reported per year across Europe, with the Netherlands reporting the most at 60, followed by Spain and Italy at 25, and the United Kingdom at 15. They are most common in late summer. In the Northern Hemisphere, September has been pinpointed as the prime month of formation. Waterspouts are also frequently observed off the east coast of Australia, with several being described by
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940:. While some waterspouts are strong and tornadic in nature, most are much weaker and caused by different atmospheric dynamics. They normally develop in moisture-laden environments as their parent clouds are in the process of development, and it is theorized they spin as they move up the surface boundary from the horizontal shear near the surface, and then stretch upwards to the cloud once the low-level shear vortex aligns with a developing cumulus cloud or
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water and all the way up into the cloud. Even if the waterspout stops spinning, the fish in the cloud can be carried over land, buffeted up and down and around with the cloud's winds until its currents no longer keep the fish airborne. Depending on how far they travel and how high they are taken into the atmosphere, the fish are sometimes dead by the time they rain down. People as far as 160 km (100 miles) inland have experienced
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1037:. Eventually, the waterspout becomes a visible funnel from the water surface to the overhead cloud. The spray vortex can rise to a height of several hundred feet or more, and often creates a visible wake and an associated wave train as it moves. Finally, the funnel and spray vortex begin to dissipate as the inflow of warm air into the vortex weakens, ending the waterspout's life cycle.
1065:, but simply occurring over water. A tornado which travels from land to a body of water would also be considered a tornadic waterspout. Since the vast majority of mesocyclonic thunderstorms in the United States occur in land-locked areas, true tornadic waterspouts are correspondingly rarer than their fair-weather counterparts in that country. However, in some areas, such as the
72:
1105:. The term "winter waterspout" is used to differentiate between the common warm season waterspout and this rare winter season event. There are a couple of critical criteria for the formation of a winter waterspout. Very cold temperatures need to be present over a body of water, which is itself warm enough to produce
846:
Though the majority of waterspouts occur in the tropics, they can seasonally appear in temperate areas throughout the world, and are common across the western coast of Europe as well as the
British Isles and several areas of the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea. They are not restricted to saltwater; many
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Depending on how fast the winds from a waterspout are whipping, anything that is within about 90 cm (1 yard) of the surface of the water, including fish of different sizes, frogs, and even turtles, can be lifted into the air. A waterspout can sometimes suck small animals such as fish out of the
782:
occurring over water rather than land, known as a "tornadic", "supercellular", or "mesocyclonic" waterspout, and accurately a "tornado over water". A fair weather waterspout has a five-part life cycle: formation of a dark spot on the water surface; spiral pattern on the water surface; formation of a
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The
International Centre for Waterspout Research (ICWR) is a non-governmental organization of individuals from around the world who are interested in the field of waterspouts from a research, operational and safety perspective. Originally a forum for researchers and meteorologists, the ICWR has
992:
Waterspouts that are not associated with a rotating updraft of a supercell thunderstorm are known as "non-tornadic" or "fair-weather" waterspouts. By far the most common type of waterspout, these occur in coastal waters and are associated with dark, flat-bottomed, developing convective cumulus
1234:
There was a commonly held belief among sailors in the 18th and 19th centuries that shooting a broadside cannon volley dispersed waterspouts. Among others, Captain
Vladimir Bronevskiy claims that it was a successful technique, having been an eyewitness to the dissipation of a phenomenon in the
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The
Szilagyi Waterspout Index (SWI), developed by Canadian meteorologist Wade Szilagyi, is used to predict conditions favorable for waterspout development. The SWI ranges from −10 to +10, where values greater than or equal to zero represent conditions favorable for waterspout development.
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There are five stages to a fair-weather waterspout life cycle. Initially, a prominent circular, light-colored disk appears on the surface of the water, surrounded by a larger dark area of indeterminate shape. After the formation of these colored disks on the water, a pattern of light- and
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Waterspouts have long been recognized as serious marine hazards. Stronger waterspouts pose a threat to watercraft, aircraft and people. It is recommended to keep a considerable distance from these phenomena, and to always be on alert through weather reports. The United States
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1000:
They are most frequently seen in tropical and sub-tropical climates, with upwards of 400 per year observed in the
Florida Keys. They typically move slowly, if at all, since the cloud to which they are attached is horizontally static, being formed by vertical
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were twin waterspouts that made landfall in western Sicily, ravaging the coast and countryside before ultimately dissipating back again over the sea. In August 2024, a waterspout has been reported by some witnesses of the sinking of the large yacht
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of waterspout, each formed by distinct mechanisms. The most common type is a weak vortex known as a "fair weather" or "non-tornadic" waterspout. The other less common type is simply a classic
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Waterspouts are more frequent within 100 km (60 mi) from the coast than farther out at sea. They are common along the southeast U.S. coast, especially off southern
Florida and the
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3837:
1504:
1625:"Antarctic Diary Part 4: The S.Y. Aurora's stay in Commonwealth Bay Adelie Land waiting for Dr Douglas Mawson and the Far East Party to return, working on the Marconi Wireless"
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towers. Fair-weather waterspouts develop and dissipate rapidly, having life cycles shorter than 20 minutes. They usually rate no higher than EF0 on the
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1709:
855:. They are fairly common on the Great Lakes during late summer and early fall, with a record 66+ waterspouts reported over just a seven-day period in 2003.
826:. Some are also found on the East Coast of the United States, and the coast of California. Although rare, waterspouts have been observed in connection with
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Michalis V. Sioutasa & Alexander G. Keul (February 2007). "Waterspouts of the
Adriatic, Ionian and Aegean Sea and their meteorological environment".
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The terms "snow devil" and "snownado" describe a different phenomenon: a snow vortex close to the surface with no parent cloud, similar to a
1009:. Fair-weather waterspouts are very similar in both appearance and mechanics to landspouts, and largely behave as such if they move ashore.
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Sioutas, M.; Szilagyi, W.; Keul, A. (2013). "Waterspout outbreaks over areas of Europe and North
America: Environment and predictability".
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events, winds focusing down the axis of long lakes enhance wind convergence and increase the likelihood of a winter waterspout developing.
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More than one waterspout can occur simultaneously in the same vicinity. In 2012, as many as nine simultaneous waterspouts were reported on
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off the coast of Sicily and might have been the cause or an aggravating circumstance. Seven people died while 15 of 22 were rescued.
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expanded interest and contribution from storm chasers, the media, the marine and aviation communities and from private individuals.
932:, where their environment is less than two kilometers in width. The cloud from which they develop can be as innocuous as a moderate
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in 1969. Two flares with smoke trails (near base of photograph) have been discharged to indicate wind direction and general speed.
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Incidents of waterspouts causing severe damage and casualties are rare; however, there have been several notable examples. The
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2512:"The International Centre For Waterspout Research (ICWR), "understanding our atmosphere through global cooperation.""
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1201:. Fish can also be sucked up from rivers, but raining fish is not a common weather phenomenon.
1057:"Tornadic waterspouts", also accurately referred to as "tornadoes over water", are formed from
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Waterspout filmed off
Anglesey, Wales, by an RAF Search and Rescue crew, 15 November 2010
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2167:"15 January 2009: Lake Champlain Sea Smoke, Steam Devils, and Waterspouts: Chapters IV and V"
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in the United States. In May 2021, at least five simultaneous waterspouts were filmed near
670:
268:
2003:
1657:; G. Roff; B. R. Morton; K. Labas; G. Dietachmayer; M. McCumber; R. Penc (December 1991).
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of sea spray, called a "cascade", appears around the dark spot with what appears to be an
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dark-colored spiral bands develops from the dark spot on the water surface. Then, a dense
8:
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2406:"It's Raining Fish: Unusual objects sometimes fall from the sky, courtesy of waterspouts"
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of 1551 was the earliest recorded occurrence of a deadly waterspout. It struck the
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1776:"Astonishing moment FIVE waterspouts are seen at the same time off NSW coast"
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in a manner essentially identical to land-based tornadoes in connection with
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Pictures of cold-core waterspouts over Lake
Michigan on 30 September 2006
2363:
Kennedy, Barbie Latza Nadeau, Christian Edwards, Niamh (21 August 2024).
1960:
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when waterspouts are likely or have been sighted over coastal waters, or
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Waylon G. Collins; Charles H. Paxton; Joseph H. Golden (February 2000).
1993:
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Schwiesow, R.L.; Cupp, R.E.; Sinclair, P.C.; Abbey, R.F. (April 1981).
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1345:. Cartography by Stroud, Mark. (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton.
1254:
A waterspout has been proposed as a reason for the abandonment of the
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2365:"Fifth body found in search for those missing from sunken superyacht"
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rather than the subduction/adduction interaction between colliding
830:
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1881:
National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office (30 April 2008).
4244:
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1101:, is a rare instance of a waterspout forming under the base of a
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2067:"Rare: Waterspout tornado came ashore in Palermo, Sicily, Italy"
787:; and ultimately, decay. Most waterspouts do not suck up water.
2591:(in Russian). Тип. Императорской Росс. Акад. 1837. p. 322.
2475:
2027:"The 12 July 1995 Pinellas County, Florida, Tornado/Waterspout"
1848:"Using the WSR-88D to Predict East Central Florida Waterspouts"
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364:
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126:
121:
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Non-tornadic waterspouts seen from the beach at Kijkduin near
3020:
2764:
2331:"A Waterspout Was Seen When a Luxury Yacht Sank. What Is It?"
2275:. Melbourne, FL: Southern Region Headquarters. Archived from
2002:. Melbourne, FL: Southern Region Headquarters. Archived from
1480:
1110:
1077:, tornadic waterspouts can make up half of the total number.
956:
579:
516:
178:
171:
2267:
National Weather Service Forecast Office (25 January 2007).
2165:
National Weather Service Forecast Office (3 February 2009).
1994:
National Weather Service Forecast Office (25 January 2007).
1647:
1520:"Waterspout Velocity Measurements by Airborne Doppler Lidar"
1382:"A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather: Waterspout definition"
2052:
10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0122:TJPCFT>2.0.CO;2
1545:
10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<0341:WVMBAD>2.0.CO;2
596:
496:
479:
457:
383:
1845:
1106:
591:
71:
2269:"Graphical Hazardous Weather Outlook: Waterspout Threat"
1996:"Graphical Hazardous Weather Outlook: Waterspout Threat"
1920:
1173:
and numerous boats, and claiming hundreds of lives. The
62:. For the performance act of regurgitating fluids, see
1492:
2515:
847:
have been reported on lakes and rivers including the
1799:
The Endeavour Journal of Sir Joseph Banks, 1768–1771
1267:
1053:, caused by a severe thunderstorm, 15 July 2005
1594:"Several waterspouts filmed on Lake Michigan in US"
1113:above the water's surface. Like the more efficient
2235:
1338:
1024:Five stages of a fair-weather waterspout lifecycle
948:, have been shown to develop in a similar manner.
4363:
2539:The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure
1769:
1767:
1702:"Rare waterspout forms in Montreal during storm"
1341:Extreme weather : a guide & record book
51:Vortex or tornado occurring over a body of water
2663:. International Centre for Waterspout Research.
2176:. Burlington, VT: Eastern Region Headquarters.
1773:
1700:Canadian Television News Staff (23 July 2008).
1588:
1586:
1158:when waterspouts are expected to move onshore.
762:is a rotating column of air that occurs over a
3777:List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe
2568:
1958:
1921:National Weather Service (12 September 2002).
3222:
2986:
2721:
2604:Mary Celeste: The Greatest Mystery of the Sea
1764:
1733:
739:
2434:
2403:
2384:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2233:
1583:
1442:
1893:Central Region Headquarters. Archived from
1204:
54:For a pipe carrying water from a roof, see
15:
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3215:
3000:
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1376:
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1372:
1370:
746:
732:
16:
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2050:
1684:
1543:
4061:South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
2572:The Adventures of Captain Robert Johnson
2450:. Landshut – GERMANY. pp. 129–130.
2448:5th European Conference on Severe Storms
1954:
1952:
1208:
1136:
1044:
1011:
975:
70:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
3236:
2362:
2328:
1841:
1839:
1736:"The Great Waterspout Outbreak of 2003"
1493:Jessica Hamilton Young (17 July 2016).
1443:Keith C. Heidorn. Islandnet.com (ed.).
1367:
14:
4364:
2687:10.1038/scientificamerican12251880-407
2392:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1811:
1786:from the original on 11 February 2022.
1729:
1727:
1622:
1495:"Waterspout comes ashore in Galveston"
1332:
1330:
3210:
2974:
2709:
1949:
1824:from the original on 11 February 2021
1796:
1712:from the original on 11 February 2022
1561:"Waterspout wows Tel Aviv waterfront"
1558:
1507:from the original on 28 October 2016.
1049:Tornadic waterspout off the coast of
882:A family of four waterspouts seen on
783:spray ring; development of a visible
2947:
2810:Tropical cyclones and climate change
2601:
2588:Naval Memoirs of Vladimir Brovevskiy
2555:American Journal of Science and Arts
2457:from the original on 1 November 2023
2437:"A Waterspout Forecasting Technique"
2248:from the original on 12 January 2022
2183:from the original on 27 January 2017
1923:"Basic Spotter Training Version 1.2"
1883:"Threat Definitions for Waterspouts"
1836:
1752:from the original on 21 October 2005
1571:from the original on 11 January 2015
1392:from the original on 8 February 2022
1336:
4034:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
4027:North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
3960:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
3843:East Asian-northwest Pacific storms
2542:. Vol. 6–7. 1750. p. 154.
2310:from the original on 1 October 2015
2215:from the original on 30 August 2022
2077:from the original on 29 August 2020
1959:Bruce B. Smith (22 February 2007).
1909:
1724:
1623:Taylor, Stanley (13 January 1913).
1327:
48:
4122:Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex
4068:Australian region tropical cyclone
2435:Szilagyi, W. (15 September 2009).
2404:Susan Cosier (17 September 2006).
1635:from the original on 28 March 2012
1604:from the original on 29 April 2021
1424:from the original on 27 March 2012
836:
49:
4398:
2628:
2558:. S. Converse. 1849. p. 266.
2300:"Claude de la Sengle (1494–1557)"
2297:
2146:from the original on 1 April 2008
1975:from the original on 7 April 2019
1846:Choy, Barry K.; Spratt, Scott M.
798:areas, they are also reported in
790:While waterspouts form mostly in
4343:
4329:
3285:
2416:from the original on 21 May 2011
1284:
1270:
944:. Some weak tornadoes, known as
907:
891:
875:
770:in contact with the water and a
715:
4082:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
4041:Black Sea tropical-like cyclone
2644:south coast tornadic waterspout
2595:
2579:
2562:
2546:
2530:
2504:
2469:
2428:
2356:
2329:Sampson, Eve (20 August 2024).
2322:
2291:
2260:
2227:
2195:
2158:
2124:
2098:Journal of Atmospheric Research
2089:
2059:
2018:
1987:
1933:. pp. 4–24. Archived from
1874:
1805:
1801:. University of Sydney Library.
1790:
1734:Wade Szilagyi (December 2004).
1693:
1686:10.1175/1520-0493-119-12-2740.1
1616:
1247:during the 1806 campaign under
971:
4075:South Pacific tropical cyclone
3838:Continental North Asian storms
2498:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.09.013
2410:Scienceline (Physical Science)
2234:Auslan Cramb (7 August 2003).
2118:10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.08.009
1774:Elizabeth Daoud (4 May 2021).
1659:"A Great Salt Lake Waterspout"
1559:Lewis, Avi (3 November 2014).
1552:
1524:Journal of Applied Meteorology
1511:
1486:
1467:
1436:
1404:
841:
13:
1:
4372:Severe weather and convection
2681:(26): 407. 25 December 1880.
1971:Central Region Headquarters.
1812:Gibson, Jano (14 June 2007).
1320:
898:Four waterspouts seen in the
822:, and on rare occasions, the
58:. For regrowth on trees, see
4336:Tropical cyclones portal
3377:Great Sheffield Gale of 1962
3317:Moray Firth fishing disaster
2860:Ridiculously Resilient Ridge
2237:"Water Spout Hit Helicopter"
1744:. Vol. 48, no. 3.
1080:
959:, off the northern coast of
923:
7:
4186:Mesoscale convective vortex
4168:Mesoscale convective system
3770:List of European windstorms
3187:Pacific Northwest windstorm
1449:The Weather Doctor Almanach
1263:
1213:Illustration from the book
1192:Rain of animals § Fish
1040:
643:Severe weather terminology
105:Temperate and polar seasons
10:
4403:
2677:. Historical perspective.
2575:. Thomas Tegg. p. B2.
1889:. Milwaukee/Sullivan, WI:
1337:Burt, Christopher (2004).
1189:
1185:
1169:of Valletta, sinking four
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53:
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3950:Australian east coast Low
3935:
3906:
3893:Australian east coast low
3885:
3876:
3851:
3820:
3790:
3761:
3491:
3433:1992 New Year's Day Storm
3340:
3294:
3283:
3246:
3206:
3199:
3159:
3130:
3091:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3008:
2970:
2938:
2927:
2918:
2873:
2827:
2818:
2752:
2208:International Cloud Atlas
1818:The Sydney Morning Herald
866:during the voyage of the
766:, usually appearing as a
3461:Boxing Day Storm of 1998
3454:Christmas Eve storm 1997
2790:Annular tropical cyclone
1969:National Weather Service
1891:National Weather Service
1229:
1215:The Philosophy of Storms
1205:Research and forecasting
1148:National Weather Service
1132:
966:
31:latest accepted revision
4250:Multiple-vortex tornado
3689:Friederike (David) 2018
3682:Eleanor (Burglind) 2018
3405:December 1981 windstorm
3363:North Sea flood of 1953
3276:Christmas Flood of 1717
2669:"Sand and Water spouts"
2569:Robert Johnson (1810).
2031:Weather and Forecasting
1814:"Waterspout off Sydney"
1152:special marine warnings
928:Waterspouts exist on a
886:, 9 September 1999
4191:Line echo wave pattern
4145:Mesoscale ocean eddies
3914:Southern Ocean cyclone
3002:Extratropical cyclones
2795:Bar (tropical cyclone)
2785:Central dense overcast
2699:Monthly Weather Review
2661:"Waterspout forecasts"
2071:Disasters News channel
1797:Banks, Joseph (1997).
1671:(12). AMS: 2741–2770.
1664:Monthly Weather Review
1218:
1142:
1054:
1025:
989:
918:, 29 January 2009
704:Tropical cyclone terms
80:
3563:Friedhelm/Bawbag 2011
3426:Burns' Day storm 1990
3310:Night of the Big Wind
3031:Post-tropical cyclone
2780:Rapid intensification
2694:"A Winter Waterspout"
1474:What Is a Waterspout?
1212:
1175:1851 Sicily tornadoes
1140:
1048:
1023:
995:Enhanced Fujita scale
988:, 27 August 2006
979:
311:Extratropical cyclone
235:Air-mass thunderstorm
74:
4350:Tornadoes portal
4260:Anticyclonic tornado
4228:Low-topped supercell
4006:Cape Verde hurricane
3398:Gale of January 1976
2642:approaching the NSW
2610:. pp. 140–146.
2478:Atmospheric Research
2304:islalocalcouncil.com
2085:– via YouTube.
1741:Mariners Weather Log
1063:severe thunderstorms
1051:Punta Gorda, Florida
671:Weather modification
269:Anticyclonic tornado
4052:Southern Hemisphere
3990:Northern Hemisphere
3878:Southern Hemisphere
3833:Western Disturbance
3647:Thomas (Doris) 2017
3419:Great storm of 1987
3384:1968 Scotland storm
3324:Tay Bridge disaster
3303:Great Storm of 1824
3269:Great Storm of 1703
3239:European windstorms
3068:Northern Hemisphere
2886:South Atlantic High
2874:Southern Hemisphere
2850:North American High
2828:Northern Hemisphere
2674:Scientific American
2606:. Harlow, England:
2602:Begg, Paul (2007).
2490:2013AtmRe.123..167S
2110:2007AtmRe..83..542S
2043:2000WtFor..15..122C
2006:on 19 December 2005
1677:1991MWRv..119.2741S
1565:The Times of Israel
1536:1981JApMe..20..341S
1243:aboard the frigate
1217:, published in 1841
1089:, also known as an
936:, or as great as a
831:precipitation bands
806:(the Middle East),
785:condensation funnel
768:funnel-shaped cloud
666:Weather forecasting
502:Rain and snow mixed
328:Subtropical cyclone
21:Page version status
3999:Atlantic hurricane
3955:Lake Huron cyclone
3016:Anticyclonic storm
2891:South Pacific High
2855:North Pacific High
2770:High-pressure area
2760:Anticyclonic storm
2636:series of pictures
2412:. NYU Journalism.
2335:The New York Times
1897:on 9 November 2012
1600:. 20 August 2012.
1219:
1143:
1055:
1026:
990:
914:Waterspout in the
902:, 5 June 2009
853:St. Lawrence River
722:Weather portal
338:Atlantic hurricane
316:European windstorm
223:Volcanic lightning
184:Cumulonimbus cloud
81:
75:A waterspout near
27:
4359:
4358:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4255:Satellite tornado
4130:
4129:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4015:Pacific hurricane
3931:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3872:
3871:
3816:
3815:
3786:
3785:
3331:Eyemouth disaster
3247:14th-18th century
3195:
3194:
3155:
3154:
3036:Low-pressure area
2914:
2913:
2906:Subtropical ridge
2865:Subtropical ridge
2775:Low-pressure area
2745:Centers of action
2656:on 10 March 2007.
2617:978-1-4058-3621-0
2608:Pearson Education
2279:on 1 October 2006
2142:. 14 April 2003.
2073:. 6 August 2020.
1937:on 9 October 2007
1862:on 5 October 2006
1500:Houston Chronicle
1150:will often issue
1087:winter waterspout
1021:
1003:convective action
774:cloud. There are
756:
755:
18:
4394:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4208:
4207:
4141:
4140:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4053:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4017:
4008:
4001:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3898:Black nor'easter
3883:
3882:
3879:
3798:Black Sea storms
3779:
3772:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3440:Braer Storm 1993
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3289:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3241:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3148:
3141:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3069:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2925:
2924:
2881:South Polar High
2835:North Polar High
2825:
2824:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2702:, February 1907.
2690:
2664:
2652:. Archived from
2622:
2621:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2514:. Archived from
2508:
2502:
2501:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2441:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2401:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2239:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2171:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2136:The Buffalo News
2128:
2122:
2121:
2104:(2–4): 542–557.
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1929:. Key West, FL:
1918:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1858:. Archived from
1843:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1490:
1484:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1451:. Archived from
1445:"Water Twisters"
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1378:
1365:
1364:
1344:
1334:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1278:Tornadoes portal
1275:
1274:
1273:
1249:Admiral Senyavin
1156:tornado warnings
1115:lake-effect snow
1022:
911:
895:
879:
828:lake-effect snow
748:
741:
734:
720:
719:
333:Tropical cyclone
245:Dry thunderstorm
140:Tropical seasons
83:
82:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4387:Weather hazards
4362:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4344:
4342:
4330:
4328:
4307:
4276:
4197:
4162:
4126:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4051:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4013:
4004:
3997:
3989:
3977:
3969:
3923:
3902:
3877:
3868:
3847:
3812:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3290:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3262:Burchardi flood
3260:
3255:Grote Mandrenke
3253:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3191:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3126:
3119:
3114:Great basin low
3112:
3105:
3100:Alberta clipper
3098:
3076:
3067:
3062:
3004:
2999:
2966:
2962:South Polar low
2957:North Polar low
2939:
2928:
2910:
2901:Australian High
2869:
2814:
2748:
2734:
2667:
2659:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2600:
2596:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2567:
2563:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2518:on 5 April 2012
2510:
2509:
2505:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2402:
2393:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2273:srh.weather.gov
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1957:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1919:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1844:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1810:
1806:
1795:
1791:
1772:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1732:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1698:
1694:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1629:Antarctic Diary
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1553:
1516:
1512:
1491:
1487:
1478:Weather Channel
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1368:
1353:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1232:
1207:
1194:
1188:
1135:
1130:
1083:
1043:
1012:
974:
969:
961:New South Wales
926:
919:
912:
903:
896:
887:
880:
844:
839:
837:Characteristics
824:Great Salt Lake
752:
714:
709:
708:
684:
676:
675:
534:
524:
523:
436:
426:
425:
414:Ground blizzard
174:
164:
163:
142:
132:
131:
107:
67:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
4400:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4339:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4214:
4212:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4011:
4010:
4009:
3994:
3992:
3983:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3619:Christina 2014
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3391:Quimburga 1972
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3211:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3139:Panhandle hook
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2975:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2930:Synoptic scale
2922:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2743:of the world (
2733:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2691:
2665:
2657:
2647:
2638:from the boat
2630:
2629:External links
2627:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2594:
2578:
2561:
2545:
2529:
2503:
2468:
2427:
2391:
2355:
2321:
2290:
2259:
2226:
2194:
2157:
2123:
2088:
2058:
2037:(1): 122–134.
2017:
1986:
1948:
1908:
1873:
1835:
1804:
1789:
1763:
1723:
1692:
1655:Joanne Simpson
1646:
1615:
1582:
1551:
1530:(4): 341–348.
1510:
1485:
1466:
1455:on 19 May 2012
1435:
1403:
1386:geographic.org
1366:
1352:978-0393326581
1351:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1315:Tornadogenesis
1312:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:Weather portal
1281:
1265:
1262:
1231:
1228:
1206:
1203:
1187:
1184:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1082:
1079:
1042:
1039:
973:
970:
968:
965:
925:
922:
921:
920:
913:
906:
904:
897:
890:
888:
881:
874:
843:
840:
838:
835:
754:
753:
751:
750:
743:
736:
728:
725:
724:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
696:
694:Climate change
691:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
668:
663:
662:
661:
660:
659:
654:
649:
641:
636:
629:Severe weather
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
605:
604:
599:
589:
588:
587:
577:
572:
571:
570:
565:
560:
555:
547:
546:
541:
535:
530:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
520:
519:
514:
509:
504:
494:
489:
488:
487:
477:
472:
467:
466:
465:
463:Megacryometeor
455:
450:
449:
448:
437:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
422:
421:
416:
411:
406:
396:
391:
386:
381:
380:
379:
369:
368:
367:
362:
352:
347:
346:
345:
340:
330:
325:
324:
323:
318:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
282:
281:
276:
271:
261:
260:
259:
249:
248:
247:
242:
237:
227:
226:
225:
215:
214:
213:
208:
203:
193:
192:
191:
186:
175:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
156:
155:
154:
143:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
124:
119:
114:
108:
103:
102:
99:
98:
92:
91:
64:Water spouting
50:
39:29 August 2024
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4399:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4352:
4351:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:Catalina eddy
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4107:Cold-core low
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3875:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3803:Icelandic Low
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3147:
3146:November gale
3143:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3077:North America
3074:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2940:Surface-based
2937:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Kalahari High
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:Siberian High
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2619:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2381:
2366:
2359:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2247:
2243:
2242:The Telegraph
2238:
2230:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:"Waterspouts"
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1961:"Waterspouts"
1955:
1953:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:Grand Harbour
1164:
1163:Malta tornado
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1010:
1008:
1004:
998:
996:
987:
983:
978:
964:
963:, Australia.
962:
958:
954:
953:Lake Michigan
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
917:
910:
905:
901:
894:
889:
885:
878:
873:
872:
871:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
834:
832:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
788:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:body of water
761:
749:
744:
742:
737:
735:
730:
729:
727:
726:
723:
718:
713:
712:
705:
702:
700:
699:Tornado terms
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
680:
679:
672:
669:
667:
664:
658:
657:United States
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
593:
590:
586:
583:
582:
581:
578:
576:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
548:
545:
542:
540:
539:Air pollution
537:
536:
533:
528:
527:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
495:
493:
490:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
464:
461:
460:
459:
456:
454:
451:
447:
444:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:Precipitation
430:
429:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
356:
353:
351:
348:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
334:
331:
329:
326:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
265:
262:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
231:
228:
224:
221:
220:
219:
216:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
176:
173:
168:
167:
160:
157:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
136:
135:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
106:
101:
100:
97:
94:
93:
89:
85:
84:
78:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
4341:
4327:
4271:
4240:Funnel cloud
4158:Haida Eddies
4117:Polar vortex
3675:Herwart 2017
3668:Ophelia 2017
3591:St Jude 2013
3570:Joachim 2011
3549:Xynthia 2010
3507:Jeanett 2002
3492:21st century
3412:Charley 1986
3349:Ulysses 1903
3341:20th century
3295:19th century
3172:Hatteras low
3167:Aleutian Low
3107:Colorado low
3041:Weather bomb
2741:anticyclones
2697:
2678:
2672:
2654:the original
2639:
2603:
2597:
2587:
2581:
2571:
2564:
2554:
2548:
2538:
2532:
2520:. Retrieved
2516:the original
2506:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2443:
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2409:
2368:. Retrieved
2358:
2346:. Retrieved
2334:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2303:
2298:Abela, Joe.
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2277:the original
2272:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2241:
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2206:
2203:"Snow Devil"
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2173:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2140:SUNY Buffalo
2135:
2126:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2070:
2061:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:the original
2000:srh.noaa.gov
1999:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1964:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1927:srh.noaa.gov
1926:
1899:. Retrieved
1895:the original
1887:crh.noaa.gov
1886:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1852:srh.noaa.gov
1851:
1826:. Retrieved
1817:
1807:
1798:
1792:
1780:7news.com.au
1779:
1754:. Retrieved
1739:
1714:. Retrieved
1705:
1695:
1668:
1662:
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1628:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1597:
1573:. Retrieved
1564:
1554:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1498:
1488:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1453:the original
1448:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1415:
1412:"Waterspout"
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1385:
1340:
1305:Funnel cloud
1257:Mary Celeste
1255:
1253:
1244:
1233:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1199:raining fish
1195:
1160:
1144:
1119:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1059:mesocyclones
1056:
1027:
999:
991:
972:Non-tornadic
950:
942:thunderstorm
927:
900:Florida Keys
864:Joseph Banks
857:
845:
804:Western Asia
789:
759:
757:
475:Diamond dust
399:Winter storm
278:
230:Thunderstorm
68:
60:Water sprout
38:
29:This is the
23:
4298:Steam devil
4218:Mesocyclone
4112:Cut-off low
4100:Upper level
3937:Subtropical
3907:Other areas
3852:Other areas
3828:Asiatic Low
3752:Ciarán 2023
3738:Larisa 2023
3731:Eunice 2022
3717:Aurore 2021
3710:Dennis 2020
3696:Adrian 2018
3661:Xavier 2017
3633:Niklas 2015
3584:Andrea 2012
3577:Dagmar 2011
3528:Kyrill 2007
3514:Gudrun 2005
3500:Oratia 2000
3482:Martin 1999
3475:Lothar 1999
3468:Anatol 1999
3370:Debbie 1961
3356:Iberia 1941
3121:Bighorn Low
3092:Lee Cyclone
3085:Continental
2845:Azores High
2820:Anticyclone
2522:10 December
2484:: 167–179.
2314:11 November
2174:weather.gov
1965:weather.gov
1417:Answers.com
1310:Steam devil
1109:resembling
1103:snow squall
1075:Ionian Seas
986:Netherlands
849:Great Lakes
842:Climatology
816:Great Lakes
812:New Zealand
796:subtropical
689:Meteorology
624:Meteorology
512:Snow roller
507:Snow grains
470:Ice pellets
419:Snow squall
350:Storm surge
296:Anticyclone
252:Mesocyclone
240:Thundersnow
189:Arcus cloud
4366:Categories
4303:Fire whirl
4293:Dust devil
4272:Waterspout
4233:Wall cloud
3945:Kona storm
3864:Kona storm
3745:Babet 2023
3724:Malik 2022
3703:Ciara 2020
3598:Xaver 2013
3556:Berit 2011
3542:Klaus 2009
3177:Nor'easter
2800:Superstorm
2444:Pre-prints
2219:11 January
1866:25 October
1828:23 January
1756:25 October
1575:12 January
1459:6 December
1428:6 December
1321:References
1300:Fire whirl
1241:midshipman
1190:See also:
1122:dust devil
946:landspouts
930:microscale
916:Tasman Sea
884:Lake Huron
820:Antarctica
772:cumuliform
760:waterspout
683:Glossaries
619:Jet stream
558:Convection
544:Atmosphere
492:Cloudburst
355:Dust storm
321:Nor'easter
291:Fire whirl
286:Dust devil
279:Waterspout
206:Heat burst
201:Microburst
159:Wet season
147:Dry season
4267:Landspout
4223:Supercell
4203:Whirlwind
4136:Mesoscale
3919:Sudestada
3886:Australia
3808:Genoa low
3654:Zeus 2017
3640:Egon 2017
3626:Tini 2014
3612:Anne 2014
3605:Dirk 2013
3535:Emma 2008
3447:Lili 1996
3046:Sting jet
2805:Hypercane
2640:Nicorette
2380:cite news
2370:22 August
2348:22 August
2343:0362-4331
1901:27 August
1608:20 August
1099:snowspout
1095:ice devil
1081:Snowspout
982:The Hague
938:supercell
924:Formation
870:in 1770.
868:Endeavour
808:Australia
776:two types
614:Heat wave
609:Cold wave
553:Chemistry
404:Ice storm
394:Firestorm
306:Polar low
274:Landspout
257:Supercell
218:Lightning
196:Downburst
152:Harmattan
86:Part of
56:Downspout
4382:Vortices
4288:Gustnado
4181:Mesohigh
4176:Wake Low
3975:Tropical
3762:See also
3521:Per 2007
3182:Gulf low
3058:Rainband
3009:Concepts
2753:Concepts
2737:Cyclones
2461:22 April
2452:Archived
2414:Archived
2308:Archived
2246:Archived
2213:Archived
2178:Archived
2144:Archived
2081:6 August
2075:Archived
1979:21 March
1973:Archived
1822:Archived
1784:Archived
1750:Archived
1710:Archived
1706:CTV News
1633:Archived
1602:Archived
1598:BBC News
1569:Archived
1505:Archived
1422:Archived
1390:Archived
1361:55671731
1264:See also
1239:while a
1237:Adriatic
1180:Bayesian
1091:icespout
1067:Adriatic
1041:Tornadic
851:and the
792:tropical
485:Freezing
446:Freezing
409:Blizzard
88:a series
35:reviewed
4377:Tornado
4245:Tornado
4021:Typhoon
3980:Outline
3965:Thermal
3160:Oceanic
3026:Cyclone
2920:Cyclone
2486:Bibcode
2283:21 June
2252:21 June
2187:21 June
2150:21 July
2106:Bibcode
2039:Bibcode
2010:21 June
1941:21 July
1716:21 June
1673:Bibcode
1532:Bibcode
1396:10 July
1186:Natural
1171:galleys
1128:Impacts
1097:, or a
1031:annulus
984:in the
934:cumulus
780:tornado
639:Extreme
585:Physics
575:Climate
563:Physics
453:Graupel
441:Drizzle
389:Sirocco
372:Monsoon
343:Typhoon
301:Cyclone
264:Tornado
211:Derecho
96:Weather
77:Florida
3859:Arctic
3200:Europe
2614:
2420:17 May
2341:
1639:4 June
1359:
1349:
1071:Aegean
1007:fronts
814:, the
800:Europe
647:Canada
602:Season
532:Topics
377:Amihan
365:Haboob
360:Simoom
172:Storms
127:Autumn
122:Summer
117:Spring
112:Winter
4281:Minor
4211:Major
3791:Other
3131:Other
3021:Storm
2949:Polar
2765:Storm
2455:(PDF)
2440:(PDF)
2181:(PDF)
2170:(PDF)
1481:video
1245:Venus
1230:Myths
1133:Human
1111:steam
1093:, an
967:Types
957:Taree
652:Japan
580:Cloud
568:River
517:Slush
179:Cloud
3821:Asia
3051:List
2739:and
2612:ISBN
2524:2011
2463:2023
2422:2015
2386:link
2372:2024
2350:2024
2339:ISSN
2316:2015
2285:2009
2254:2009
2221:2023
2189:2009
2152:2008
2083:2020
2012:2009
1981:2021
1943:2008
1931:NOAA
1903:2009
1868:2006
1856:NOAA
1830:2010
1758:2006
1746:NOAA
1718:2009
1641:2013
1610:2012
1577:2021
1461:2010
1430:2010
1398:2014
1357:OCLC
1347:ISBN
1073:and
860:Keys
794:and
634:List
597:Mist
497:Snow
480:Rain
458:Hail
384:Gale
2683:doi
2494:doi
2482:123
2114:doi
2047:doi
1681:doi
1669:119
1540:doi
1107:fog
1035:eye
592:Fog
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