356:
271:
189:
171:
bind to strongly electrophilic metal centers of the type use in some catalytic reactions. Tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate anions are coordinating toward highly electrophilic metal ions, such as cations containing Zr(IV) centers, which can abstract
219:
and colloquially called "BARF". This anion is far less coordinating than tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and perchlorate, and consequently has enabled the study of still more electrophilic cations. Related tetrahedral anions include
523:
Honeychuck, R. V.; Hersh, W. H. (1989). "Coordination of "Noncoordinating" Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray
Crystal Structures of Fluorine-Bridged , , and Adducts of . An Unconventional Order of Anion Donor Strength".
670:; B. Grant; A. F. Volpe, Jr. (1992). "-: a convenient reagent for generation and stabilization of cationic, highly electrophilic organometallic complexes".
469:. Using this anion, the first example of a three-coordinate silicon compound, the salt contains a non-coordinating anion derived from a carborane.
197:
578:
Santiso-Quiñones, Gustavo; Reisinger, Andreas; Slattery, John; Krossing, Ingo (2007). "Homoleptic Cu–phosphorus and Cu–ethene complexes".
703:
221:
17:
732:
Jutzi, P.; MĂĽller, C.; Stammler, A.; Stammler, H. G. (2000). "Synthesis, Crystal
Structure, and Application of the Oxonium Acid ".
488:
132:
699:"Tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate. Highly lipophilic stable anionic agent for solvent-extraction of cations"
359:
The crystal structure of the compound ,. H atoms are omitted from the image. Color code: red = O, yellow = F, gray = C.
72:
cations (R = methyl or a growing polyethylene chain). Complexes derived from non-coordinating anions have been used to
192:
Structure of the weakly coordinating anion , illustrating its high symmetry. Color code: green = F, red = O, blue = Al.
860:
855:
555:
486:
I. Krossing & I. Raabe (2004). "Noncoordinating Anions - Fact or
Fiction? A Survey of Likely Candidates".
526:
380:
363:
The neutral molecules that represent the parents to the non-coordinating anions are strong Lewis acids, e.g.
99:
wherein hydrocarbons and hydrogen serve as ligands. Non-coordinating anions are important components of many
333:, tend to bind to electrophilic centers, in which cases, the use of a non-coordinating anion is pointless.
286:
254:
61:
792:
Kim, K.-C.; Reed, C. A.; Elliott, D. W.; Mueller, L. J.; Tham, F.; Lin, L.; Lambert, J. B. (2002).
759:
G.Erker (2005). "Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane: a
Special Boron Lewis Acid for Special Reactions".
372:
348:
were first reported by
Kobayashi and co-workers. For that reason, it is sometimes referred to as
553:
Mayfield, H. G.; Bull, W. E. (1971). "Co-ordinating
Tendencies of the Hexafluorophosphate Ion".
95:. The popularization of non-coordinating anions has contributed to increased understanding of
131:
were considered weakly coordinating anions. Only by exclusion of conventional solvents were
88:
58:
807:
8:
761:
124:
811:
831:
644:
613:
823:
798:
774:
667:
649:
591:
505:
364:
120:
69:
835:
815:
766:
741:
712:
679:
639:
631:
583:
560:
535:
497:
278:
65:
54:
104:
791:
622:
306:
282:
96:
84:
80:
793:
355:
849:
318:
196:
A revolution in this area occurred in the 1990s with the introduction of the
76:
50:
46:
819:
827:
778:
653:
595:
509:
501:
322:
618:): Safe Preparation, Standardized Purification, and Analysis of Hydration"
352:. Kobayashi's method of preparation has been superseded by a safer route.
717:
698:
577:
564:
128:
696:
683:
539:
108:
745:
635:
64:, where the active catalyst is a coordinatively unsaturated, cationic
770:
697:
H. Nishida; N. Takada; M. Yoshimura; T. Sonods; H. Kobayashi (1984).
587:
445:
100:
666:
270:
177:
173:
73:
45:. Non-coordinating anions are useful in studying the reactivity of
301:. Another advantage of these anions is that their salts are more
310:
302:
444:
Another large class of non-coordinating anions are derived from
396:
314:
92:
68:
complex. For example, they are employed as counterions for the
34:
49:
cations. They are commonly found as counterions for cationic
522:
330:
30:
731:
188:
611:
614:"Sodium Tetrakis(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenylborate (NaBArF
439:
326:
180:
are considered to be low-coordinating with some cations.
135:
found to exist, for example. It is now appreciated that
794:"Crystallographic Evidence for a Free Silylium Ion"
485:
57:. These special anions are essential components of
847:
552:
114:
716:
704:Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan
643:
607:
605:
379:. A notable Lewis acid of this genre is
277:In the bulky borates and aluminates, the
176:from these anions. Other anions, such as
27:Anion which interacts weakly with cations
354:
187:
758:
489:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
285:atoms. Related anions are derived from
281:is symmetrically distributed over many
103:, which result from the combination of
14:
848:
602:
440:Other types of non-coordinating anions
305:in non-polar organic solvents such as
133:transition metal perchlorate complexes
612:N. A. Yakelis; R. G. Bergman (2005).
41:, although a more accurate term is
24:
269:
25:
872:
222:tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate
785:
62:alkene polymerisation catalysts
55:unsaturated coordination sphere
752:
725:
690:
660:
571:
546:
516:
479:
183:
13:
1:
472:
381:tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane
287:tris(pentafluorophenyl)boron
7:
313:, and, in some cases, even
10:
877:
212:, commonly abbreviated as
33:that interact weakly with
43:weakly coordinating anion
18:Weakly coordinating anion
395:, which abstracts alkyl
373:phosphorus pentafluoride
861:Non-coordinating anions
820:10.1126/science.1073540
580:Chemical Communications
39:non-coordinating anions
856:Coordination chemistry
502:10.1002/anie.200300620
360:
274:
193:
358:
273:
191:
89:living polymerization
718:10.1246/bcsj.57.2600
565:10.1039/J19710002279
812:2002Sci...297..825K
762:Dalton Transactions
684:10.1021/om00059a071
540:10.1021/ic00313a034
527:Inorganic Chemistry
336:Salts of the anion
125:hexafluorophosphate
70:14 valence electron
361:
275:
194:
119:Before the 1990s,
806:(5582): 825–827.
765:(11): 1883–1890.
746:10.1021/om990612w
678:(11): 3920–3922.
636:10.1021/om0501428
630:(14): 3579–3581.
582:(47): 5046–5048.
559:(14): 2279–2281.
534:(14): 2869–2886.
496:(16): 2066–2090.
365:boron trifluoride
350:Kobayashi's anion
121:tetrafluoroborate
97:agostic complexes
16:(Redirected from
868:
840:
839:
789:
783:
782:
771:10.1039/b503688g
756:
750:
749:
729:
723:
722:
720:
694:
688:
687:
664:
658:
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588:10.1039/b710899k
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569:
568:
550:
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347:
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265:
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211:
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170:
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144:
66:transition metal
21:
876:
875:
871:
870:
869:
867:
866:
865:
846:
845:
844:
843:
790:
786:
757:
753:
734:Organometallics
730:
726:
695:
691:
672:Organometallics
665:
661:
623:Organometallics
617:
610:
603:
576:
572:
556:J. Chem. Soc. A
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547:
521:
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418:
414:
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394:
390:
386:
378:
370:
344:
341:
340:
339:
337:
307:dichloromethane
300:
296:
292:
283:electronegative
279:negative charge
262:
259:
258:
257:
255:
249:
246:
245:
244:
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186:
167:
164:
163:
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155:
152:
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148:
143:
140:
139:
138:
136:
117:
85:oligomerization
81:hydrosilylation
51:metal complexes
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
874:
864:
863:
858:
842:
841:
784:
751:
724:
689:
659:
615:
601:
570:
545:
515:
477:
476:
474:
471:
463:
454:
441:
438:
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436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
392:
388:
384:
376:
368:
342:
319:Polar solvents
298:
294:
290:
260:
247:
238:
229:
215:
206:
198:tetrakisborate
185:
182:
165:
153:
141:
116:
115:Pre-"BARF" era
113:
105:Brønsted acids
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
873:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
851:
837:
833:
829:
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821:
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813:
809:
805:
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800:
795:
788:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:
755:
747:
743:
739:
735:
728:
719:
714:
710:
706:
705:
700:
693:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
663:
655:
651:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:
619:
608:
606:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
574:
566:
562:
558:
557:
549:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:
519:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:
482:
478:
470:
447:
402:
401:
400:
398:
382:
374:
366:
357:
353:
351:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
288:
284:
280:
272:
268:
267:
223:
199:
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181:
179:
175:
134:
130:
126:
122:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:hydrogenation
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:electrophilic
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
803:
797:
787:
760:
754:
737:
733:
727:
708:
702:
692:
675:
671:
668:M. Brookhart
662:
627:
621:
579:
573:
554:
548:
531:
525:
518:
493:
487:
481:
443:
362:
349:
335:
323:acetonitrile
276:
195:
118:
42:
38:
29:
740:(7): 1442.
711:(9): 2600.
184:Era of BARF
129:perchlorate
109:Lewis acids
59:homogeneous
37:are termed
850:Categories
473:References
321:, such as
101:superacids
87:, and the
446:carborane
178:triflates
828:12161650
779:15909033
654:19079785
596:18049748
510:15083452
174:fluoride
74:catalyze
53:with an
836:9072540
808:Bibcode
799:Science
645:2600718
397:ligands
315:alkanes
311:toluene
303:soluble
127:, and
93:alkenes
35:cations
834:
826:
777:
652:
642:
594:
508:
448:anion
329:, and
253:, and
214:B(ArF)
159:, and
31:Anions
832:S2CID
423:+ B(C
415:Zr(CH
383:, B(C
331:water
200:ion,
824:PMID
775:PMID
650:PMID
592:PMID
506:PMID
375:, PF
371:and
367:, BF
107:and
816:doi
804:297
767:doi
742:doi
713:doi
680:doi
640:PMC
632:doi
584:doi
561:doi
536:doi
498:doi
327:THF
317:.
289:B(C
225:B(C
161:ClO
91:of
852::
830:.
822:.
814:.
802:.
796:.
773:.
738:19
736:.
709:57
707:.
701:.
676:11
674:.
648:.
638:.
628:24
626:.
620:.
616:24
604:^
590:.
532:28
530:.
504:.
494:43
492:.
464:12
455:11
450:CB
435:→
403:(C
399::
325:,
309:,
256:Al
149:PF
147:,
137:BF
123:,
111:.
83:,
79:,
838:.
818::
810::
781:.
769::
748:.
744::
721:.
715::
686:.
682::
656:.
634::
598:.
586::
567:.
563::
542:.
538::
512:.
500::
459:H
433:3
431:)
429:5
427:F
425:6
421:2
419:)
417:3
413:2
411:)
409:5
407:H
405:5
393:3
391:)
389:5
387:F
385:6
377:5
369:3
343:4
338:B
299:3
297:)
295:5
293:F
291:6
266:.
261:4
248:4
243:)
239:5
234:F
230:6
216:4
207:4
202:B
166:4
154:6
142:4
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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