186:, facilitating real-time data transfer from and to the server. This is made possible by providing a standardized way for the server to send content to the client without being first requested by the client, and allowing messages to be passed back and forth while keeping the connection open. In this way, a two-way ongoing conversation can take place between the client and the server. The communications are usually done over TCP
27:
3656:
command is issued when the browser is configured to use an explicit proxy server. This sets up a tunnel, which provides low-level end-to-end TCP communication through the HTTP proxy, between the WebSocket Secure client and the WebSocket server. In the case of transparent proxy servers, the browser is
3641:
to upgrade to the WebSocket protocol. Some proxy servers are transparent and work fine with WebSocket; others will prevent WebSocket from working correctly, causing the connection to fail. In some cases, additional proxy-server configuration may be required, and certain proxy servers may need to be
2556:
allows a message to be split into two or more frames. It enables sending messages with initial data available but complete length unknown. Without fragmentation, the whole message must be sent in one frame, so the complete length is needed before the first byte can be sent, which requires a buffer.
3661:
is sent. However, since the wire traffic is encrypted, intermediate transparent proxy servers may simply allow the encrypted traffic through, so there is a much better chance that the WebSocket connection will succeed if WebSocket Secure is used. Using encryption is not free of resource cost, but
3636:
While the WebSocket protocol itself is unaware of proxy servers and firewalls, it features an HTTP-compatible handshake, thus allowing HTTP servers to share their default HTTP and HTTPS ports (80 and 443 respectively) with a WebSocket gateway or server. The WebSocket protocol defines a ws:// and
281:
and
Michael Carter shortly thereafter through collaboration on the #whatwg IRC chat room, and subsequently authored for inclusion in the HTML5 specification by Ian Hickson. In December 2009, Google Chrome 4 was the first browser to ship full support for the standard, with WebSocket enabled by
276:
channels; however, Comet implementation is nontrivial, and due to the TCP handshake and HTTP header overhead, it is inefficient for small messages. The WebSocket protocol aims to solve these problems without compromising the security assumptions of the web. The name "WebSocket" was coined by
194:. Additionally, WebSocket enables streams of messages on top of TCP. TCP alone deals with streams of bytes with no inherent concept of a message. Similar two-way browser–server communications have been achieved in non-standardized ways using stopgap technologies such as
3061:. No frame can be sent after a Close frame. If a Close frame is received and no prior Close frame was sent, a response Close frame with the same payload must be sent. The payload is optional, but if present, it must start with a two-byte big-endian unsigned integer
3612:
or HTTP authentication. It is better to use tokens or similar protection mechanisms to authenticate the WebSocket connection when sensitive (private) data is being transferred over the WebSocket. A live example of vulnerability was seen in 2020 in the form of
3586:
has supported WebSockets since 2017, implemented in lighttpd 1.4.46. lighttpd mod_proxy can act as a reverse proxy and load balancer of WebSocket applications. lighttpd mod_wstunnel can act as a WebSocket endpoint to transmit arbitrary data, including in
3340:. The BlackBerry Browser in OS7 implements WebSockets. Because of vulnerabilities, it was disabled in Firefox 4 and 5, and Opera 11. Using browser developer tools, developers can inspect the WebSocket handshake as well as the WebSocket frames.
154:
states that WebSocket "is designed to work over HTTP ports 443 and 80 as well as to support HTTP proxies and intermediaries", thus making it compatible with HTTP. To achieve compatibility, the WebSocket
5571:
3604:. Therefore, WebSocket servers must validate the "Origin" header against the expected origins during connection establishment, to avoid cross-site WebSocket hijacking attacks (similar to
4245:
3102:. Both sides can initiate a ping (with any payload). Whoever receives it must immediately send back a pong with the same payload. A pong should be ignored if no prior ping was sent.
5683:
6069:
5592:
5868:
2961:
4995:
The computation is meant to prevent a caching intermediary from providing a WS-client with a cached WS-server reply without actual interaction with the WS-server.
3879:
2216:(built on top of WebSocket data messages) the client wishes to use. If the client sends this header, the server response must be one of the values from the list.
6251:
5918:
3750:
Gecko-based browsers versions 6–10 implement the WebSocket object as "MozWebSocket", requiring extra code to integrate with existing WebSocket-enabled code.
4408:
4041:
3673:
header. This data was not forwarded by all intermediates, which could lead to protocol failure. More recent drafts (e.g., hybi-09) put the key data in a
4099:
5563:
128:
6149:
3645:
If unencrypted WebSocket traffic flows through an explicit or a transparent proxy server without WebSockets support, the connection will likely fail.
7648:
7638:
4012:
5653:
5631:
5516:
272:
that resulted in the first version of the protocol known as WebSocket. Before WebSocket, port 80 full-duplex communication was attainable using
4237:
3808:
2074:) on success. This means a WebSocket server can use the same port as HTTP (80) and HTTPS (443) because the handshake is compatible with HTTP.
190:
number 443 (or 80 in the case of unsecured connections), which is beneficial for environments that block non-web
Internet connections using a
6210:
4129:
3911:
6119:
6094:
5701:
4187:
2510:
Once the connection is established, communication switches to a binary frame-based protocol which does not conform to the HTTP protocol.
6061:
5839:
4532:
6011:
4594:
4158:
6180:
5810:
5537:
4216:
1354:
5491:
4470:
4070:
3058:
7630:
7534:
5756:
5600:
3692:
6232:
4277:
2840:
between the masking key (a four-byte random nonce) and the payload data. The following algorithm is used to mask/unmask a frame:
6361:
3941:
7685:
6040:
5860:
5695:
2104:
8271:
2117:
4982:
5981:
5777:
5723:
5458:
3937:
3871:
6526:
3591:
format, to a backend application. lighttpd supports WebSockets over HTTP/2 since 2022, implemented in lighttpd 1.4.65.
6320:
167:
5897:
2557:
It also enables multiplexing several streams simultaneously (e.g. to avoid monopolizing a socket for a single large
7615:
6236:
2527:
from re-sending a previous WebSocket conversation, and does not provide any authentication, privacy, or integrity.
244:(URI) schemes that are used for unencrypted and encrypted connections respectively. Apart from the scheme name and
5922:
8159:
7600:
6302:
5047:
3973:
3840:
3779:
3329:
10. A detailed protocol test suite report lists the conformance of those browsers to specific protocol aspects.
1913:
112:
54:
4400:
3268:
Unsupported extension. The client should write the extensions it expected the server to support in the payload.
7814:
5041:
4033:
268:
specification, as a placeholder for a TCP-based socket API. In June 2008, a series of discussions were led by
8281:
7953:
7244:
7200:
4091:
3573:
1438:
269:
108:
74:
6141:
1514:: If specified, must be 1000 (normal closure) or in the range 3000 to 4999 (application-defined), otherwise
7680:
7527:
7365:
6310:
4004:
3637:
wss:// prefix to indicate a WebSocket and a WebSocket Secure connection respectively. Both schemes use an
2542:
After the opening handshake, the client and server can, at any time, send messages to each other, such as
8169:
7834:
7690:
7670:
7017:
6850:
6789:
2066:
241:
7643:
3669:
and gateways by including eight bytes of key data after the headers, but not advertising that data in a
8301:
8016:
7710:
7705:
7496:
6874:
6354:
4034:"[whatwg] TCPConnection feedback from Michael Carter on 2008-06-18 (whatwg.org from June 2008)"
3605:
3559:
2231:
2169:
187:
183:
5661:
5623:
3480:
3454:
3420:
8233:
8003:
7916:
7810:
7410:
7259:
7106:
5512:
136:
3800:
3321:
A secure version of the WebSocket protocol is implemented in
Firefox 6, Safari 6, Google Chrome 14,
8296:
7595:
7141:
6329:
6285:
6202:
5943:
3649:
7894:
6291:
4121:
3903:
3416:
3390:
8286:
8238:
8036:
7520:
3722:
3638:
2193:
160:
100:
6115:
6090:
8291:
7722:
7560:
7440:
6978:
6920:
6794:
6700:
6657:
6569:
3662:
often provides the highest success rate, since it would be travelling through a secure tunnel.
5424:
5391:
5358:
5325:
5292:
4553:
4367:
4334:
4301:
4179:
3629:
is configured to use a proxy when connecting to destination host and port, and if it is, uses
2933:
2055:
123:
in 2011. The current specification allowing web applications to use this protocol is known as
7958:
7911:
7841:
7610:
7491:
7460:
7385:
7375:
7335:
6672:
6454:
6347:
3630:
3099:
3089:
2534:, many modern servers will reject the request with error "invalid Sec-WebSocket-Key header".
1795:
156:
6003:
5831:
5259:
5226:
5193:
5007:
4945:
4615:
4524:
4429:
3830:
8031:
7899:
7730:
7501:
7425:
7395:
7355:
7345:
7046:
6987:
6835:
6773:
6692:
6597:
6579:
6474:
5440:
5407:
5374:
5341:
5308:
5275:
5242:
5209:
5176:
5143:
5110:
5077:
5023:
4961:
4928:
4895:
4862:
4829:
4796:
4763:
4730:
4697:
4664:
4631:
4586:
4569:
4507:
4445:
4383:
4350:
4317:
4150:
3987:
3854:
3333:
2797:
2209:
222:
191:
6172:
5806:
5541:
5487:
4208:
3963:
3891:
TCP connections require a "client" and a "server". Flash Player can create client sockets.
8:
8243:
8026:
7864:
7653:
7340:
7325:
7289:
7239:
7224:
7041:
7022:
6997:
6925:
6705:
6627:
6517:
4462:
4062:
3577:
3554:
has supported WebSockets since 2013, implemented in version 1.3.13 including acting as a
3322:
2558:
2147:
273:
245:
195:
7700:
5160:
5127:
5094:
5061:
4912:
4879:
4846:
4813:
4780:
4747:
4714:
4681:
4648:
4491:
3600:
Unlike regular cross-domain HTTP requests, WebSocket requests are not restricted by the
8141:
7963:
7829:
7330:
7294:
7274:
7229:
7156:
7091:
7086:
6930:
6915:
6869:
6730:
6612:
6409:
5596:
3707:
3601:
3567:
282:
default. Development of the WebSocket protocol was subsequently moved from the W3C and
199:
175:
5752:
2014:
1874:
The protocol accepted by the server, or an empty string if the client did not specify
286:
group to the IETF in
February 2010, and authored for two revisions under Ian Hickson.
8154:
7785:
7450:
7420:
7165:
6910:
6592:
6414:
5691:
4269:
3326:
2521:
2213:
2010:
1540:
1405:
Optional server port: If not specified, 80 is used for ws/http and 443 for wss/https.
360:// ws = new WebSocket("wss://game.example.com/scoreboard") // Remote server
226:
218:
3933:
8223:
8204:
8145:
8115:
8105:
7175:
7076:
7032:
6744:
6647:
6419:
6282:
The WebSocket protocol – Proposed
Standard published by the IETF HyBi Working Group
6275:
5430:
5397:
5364:
5331:
5298:
5265:
5232:
5199:
5166:
5133:
5100:
5067:
5013:
4951:
4918:
4885:
4852:
4819:
4786:
4753:
4720:
4687:
4654:
4621:
4559:
4497:
4435:
4373:
4340:
4307:
3977:
3844:
3508:
3065:, optionally followed by a UTF-8 encoded reason message not longer than 123 bytes.
300:
290:
147:
116:
64:
40:
6032:
8228:
8199:
7658:
7400:
7254:
7234:
6602:
6333:
6306:
6255:
3702:
3687:
6279:
6270:
5443:
5410:
5377:
5344:
5311:
5278:
5245:
5212:
5179:
5146:
5113:
5080:
5026:
4964:
4931:
4898:
4865:
4832:
4799:
4766:
4733:
4700:
4667:
4634:
4572:
4510:
4448:
4386:
4353:
4320:
3990:
3967:
3857:
3834:
3512:
304:
294:
289:
After the protocol was shipped and enabled by default in multiple browsers, the
151:
120:
44:
8276:
8021:
7993:
7948:
6861:
6682:
6637:
6622:
4978:
3712:
3697:
2721:
214:
5973:
5785:
5731:
5466:
3332:
An older, less secure version of the protocol was implemented in Opera 11 and
8265:
8250:
8211:
8189:
8076:
7978:
7926:
7663:
7111:
6720:
6607:
6587:
6429:
3666:
3555:
206:
3206:
Unsupported data (e.g. endpoint only understands text but received binary).
1696:
if the TCP connection was closed after the closing handshake was completed;
8149:
7805:
7675:
7470:
7350:
7249:
7185:
7180:
7170:
7121:
7116:
7061:
6631:
5684:"APPENDIX A: WebSocket Frame Inspection with Google Chrome Developer Tools"
2837:
2811:
is unsigned. The minimum number of bits must be used to encode the length.
2741:
2046:
253:
5889:
8046:
7983:
7877:
7855:
7801:
7551:
7455:
7435:
7304:
7269:
7205:
7131:
6894:
6783:
6778:
6677:
6662:
6652:
6512:
6469:
6464:
6370:
5890:"WebKit Changeset 97247: WebSocket: Update WebSocket protocol to hybi-17"
3614:
3609:
2636:
278:
171:
104:
7988:
7968:
7943:
7889:
7882:
7770:
7750:
7360:
7146:
7136:
7081:
7071:
6940:
6763:
6667:
6642:
6459:
6299:
3626:
3570:
has supported WebSockets since July, 2013, implemented in version 2.4.5
2808:
2804:
2524:
414:"Hi server, please send me the score of yesterday's game"
179:
26:
3771:
2843:
for i = 0 to payload_length - 1 payload = payload xor masking_key
86:
8011:
7765:
7195:
7190:
7051:
6884:
6879:
6840:
6809:
6804:
6768:
6725:
5435:
5402:
5369:
5336:
5303:
5270:
5237:
5204:
5171:
5138:
5105:
5072:
5018:
4956:
4923:
4890:
4857:
4824:
4791:
4758:
4725:
4692:
4659:
4626:
4564:
4502:
4440:
4378:
4345:
4312:
3982:
3849:
3608:), which might be possible when the connection is authenticated with
3095:
252:
is not supported), the rest of the URI components are defined to use
3625:
WebSocket protocol client implementations try to detect whether the
2777:
Length of the payload (extension data + application data) in bytes.
8194:
8051:
7819:
7780:
7775:
7755:
7745:
7740:
7445:
7309:
7126:
7056:
7012:
7007:
6889:
6814:
6799:
6316:
5564:"Apple adds accelerometer, WebSockets support to Safari in iOS 4.2"
3583:
6336:
WebSocket demos, loopback tests, general information and community
3576:
added support for WebSockets in version 8 which was released with
2550:(close, ping, pong). A message is composed of one or more frames.
8164:
8110:
7906:
7824:
7605:
7543:
7512:
7405:
7390:
7264:
7002:
6935:
6753:
6617:
3337:
308:
210:
111:(TCP) connection. The WebSocket protocol was standardized by the
3233:
Connection closed abnormally (closing handshake did not occur).
8121:
8061:
8056:
7935:
7735:
7588:
7578:
7573:
7465:
7430:
7415:
7380:
7284:
7215:
7101:
7096:
7066:
6992:
6826:
6758:
6715:
6710:
6531:
6484:
6339:
5682:
Wang, Vanessa; Salim, Frank; Moskovits, Peter (February 2013).
3727:
3717:
2143:
492:// We got the score so we don't need the connection anymore
283:
182:
with lower overhead than half-duplex alternatives such as HTTP
5951:
5039:
3648:
If an encrypted WebSocket connection is used, then the use of
3244:
Invalid payload data (e.g. non UTF-8 data in a text message).
8089:
8084:
8066:
7872:
7583:
7370:
7279:
6507:
6479:
6442:
6326:
3665:
A mid-2010 draft (version hixie-76) broke compatibility with
3551:
2164:
1526:
1427:: A string or an array of strings used as the value for the
265:
1525:: If specified, must be a string not longer than 123 bytes (
163:
to change from the HTTP protocol to the WebSocket protocol.
8216:
7695:
7568:
7299:
6845:
6502:
6437:
3588:
143:
5807:"Bug 640003 - WebSockets - upgrade to ietf-07(comment 91)"
2922:
Identifies an intermediate frame of a fragmented message.
2671:
0 = message is fragmented and this is not the final frame.
146:
used to serve most webpages. Although they are different,
8041:
7760:
6945:
6449:
6288:– Internet-Draft published by the IETF HyBi Working Group
6203:"WebSocket -76 is incompatible with HTTP reverse proxies"
3652:(TLS) in the WebSocket Secure connection ensures that an
3961:
3828:
2394:# Calculate Sec-WebSocket-Accept using Sec-WebSocket-Key
1908:
The connection state. It is one of the constants below.
307:
introduced compression extension to WebSocket using the
2755:
0 = frame is not masked and masking key is not present.
264:
WebSocket was first referenced as TCPConnection in the
6382:
2433:# key = b64encode(urandom(16)) # Client should do this
2936:
2836:
any frames sent to the client. Frame masking applies
1533:
is thrown. If not specified, an empty string is used.
6004:"Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4"
4270:"When the WebSocket connection is closed; substep 3"
1414:
fragment. There must not be any fragment, otherwise
6173:"How HTML5 Web Sockets Interact With Proxy Servers"
6139:
5921:. Opera Developer News. 2012-08-03. Archived from
5681:
2955:
6271:IETF Hypertext-Bidirectional (HyBi) working group
3057:which may prevent data loss by complementing the
1330:A web application (e.g. web browser) may use the
1095:"We only support unfragmented messages"
31:A diagram describing a connection using WebSocket
8263:
5784:. Mozilla Foundation. 2011-09-30. Archived from
5730:. Mozilla Foundation. 2011-09-30. Archived from
4120:<ian@hixie.ch>, Ian Hickson (6 May 2010).
3934:"IANA Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Schemes"
3300:Used by libraries, frameworks and applications.
2460:"258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
1947:. The client and server may message each other.
687:"258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
297:was finalized under Ian Fette in December 2011.
5456:
3746:
3744:
2790:= The following 16 bits are the payload length.
2752:1 = frame is masked and masking key is present.
1861:The number of bytes waiting to be transmitted.
1816:when binary data is received. Initially set to
5753:"Bug 640003 - WebSockets - upgrade to ietf-06"
5651:
5621:
3336:5, as well as the mobile version of Safari in
2212:of strings (ordered by preference) indicating
205:Most browsers support the protocol, including
7528:
6355:
6200:
6170:
5050:. I-D draft-ietf-hybi-websocket-multiplexing.
2760:
1971:was called or the server sent a Close frame.
232:The WebSocket protocol specification defines
5561:
4238:"When a WebSocket message has been received"
4092:"Web Sockets Now Available In Google Chrome"
3962:Ian Fette; Alexey Melnikov (December 2011).
3931:
3829:Ian Fette; Alexey Melnikov (December 2011).
3741:
1848:The URL given to the WebSocket constructor.
1334:interface to connect to a WebSocket server.
127:. It is a living standard maintained by the
6294:– Original protocol proposal by Ian Hickson
2031:(two Close frames) to close the connection.
1750:is 1006 (connection closed abnormally) and
1182:"The client must mask all frames"
7535:
7521:
6362:
6348:
6209:(email). Internet Engineering Task Force.
4555:The WebSocket Closing Handshake is Started
3595:
1518:is thrown. If not specified, 1000 is used.
1218:"We only support small messages"
615:"Connection closed due to error"
25:
6230:
6116:"Release-1 4 65 - Lighttpd - lighty labs"
6091:"Release-1 4 46 - Lighttpd - lighty labs"
5434:
5401:
5368:
5335:
5302:
5269:
5236:
5203:
5170:
5137:
5104:
5071:
5040:John A. Tamplin; Takeshi Yoshino (2013).
5017:
4955:
4922:
4889:
4856:
4823:
4790:
4757:
4724:
4691:
4658:
4625:
4563:
4501:
4493:_The WebSocket Connection is Established_
4439:
4377:
4344:
4311:
4063:"IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20080618"
3981:
3910:. Mozilla Developer Network. 2023-04-06.
3848:
3545:
1143:"We only support data messages"
6142:"Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH)"
5919:"A hot Opera 12.50 summer-time snapshot"
5861:"WebSockets in Windows Consumer Preview"
5540:. Tavendo.de. 2011-10-27. Archived from
5530:
2913:
2612:, and terminated by a single frame with
6140:Christian Schneider (August 31, 2013).
5688:The Definitive Guide to HTML5 WebSocket
5043:A Multiplexing Extension for WebSockets
3693:Comparison of WebSocket implementations
2600:, followed by zero or more frames with
1895:The extensions accepted by the server.
1708:If the received Close frame contains a
8264:
6152:from the original on December 31, 2016
3633:method to set up a persistent tunnel.
3190:Going away (e.g. browser tab closed).
2537:
2505:# Output: HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk=
2170:"258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
2027:
2005:
7516:
6966:
6557:
6381:
6343:
6238:The WebSocket protocol, draft hybi-09
4369:The WebSocket Connection Close Reason
4296:
4294:
4264:
4262:
1725:If the received Close frame contains
1613:contains the data received, of type:
690:# Create socket and listen at port 80
351:"ws://127.0.0.1/scoreboard"
6062:"IIS 8.0 WebSocket Protocol Support"
5984:from the original on October 6, 2019
5652:Aleksander Aas (December 10, 2010).
2445:"x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw=="
2035:
107:communication channel over a single
5622:Chris Heilmann (December 8, 2010).
4336:The WebSocket Connection Close Code
3938:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
3657:unaware of the proxy server, so no
2530:Though some servers accept a short
87:https://websockets.spec.whatwg.org/
13:
7542:
5974:"Using NGINX as a WebSocket Proxy"
5809:. Mozilla Foundation. 2011-07-22.
5755:. Mozilla Foundation. 2011-03-08.
5562:Katie Marsal (November 23, 2010).
5153:
4985:from the original on 22 April 2016
4434:. p. 14. sec. 4.1.
4303:The WebSocket Connection is Closed
4291:
4259:
3620:
3316:
2800:must be 0) are the payload length.
2628:
311:algorithm on a per-message basis.
14:
8313:
6264:
5724:"WebSockets (support in Firefox)"
5624:"WebSocket disabled in Firefox 4"
5538:"WebSockets Protocol Test Report"
4979:"Main Goal of WebSocket protocol"
3062:
1677:
1026:# decode messages from the client
635:
314:
6967:
6369:
6171:Peter Lubbers (March 16, 2010).
5459:"WebSocket enabled in Firefox 6"
5457:Dirkjan Ochtman (May 27, 2011).
4119:
3932:Graham Klyne, ed. (2011-11-14).
3904:"The WebSocket API (WebSockets)"
3872:"Adobe Flash Platform – Sockets"
3216:
3167:
3123:
3020:
2992:UTF-8 encoded application text.
2862:unless defined by an extension.
2691:unless defined by an extension.
2588:consists of a single frame with
2569:consists of a single frame with
2448:# Value in example request above
2235:
2121:
2108:
1808:A string indicating the type of
1338:WebSocket web API specification
897:HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
6224:
6213:from the original on 2016-09-17
6194:
6183:from the original on 2016-05-08
6164:
6133:
6122:from the original on 2024-05-03
6108:
6097:from the original on 2021-01-16
6083:
6072:from the original on 2020-02-18
6054:
6043:from the original on 2021-01-22
6025:
6014:from the original on 2020-11-11
5996:
5966:
5936:
5911:
5900:from the original on 2012-01-05
5882:
5871:from the original on 2015-09-06
5853:
5842:from the original on 2015-12-31
5824:
5813:from the original on 2021-04-01
5799:
5770:
5759:from the original on 2021-04-01
5745:
5716:
5675:
5645:
5634:from the original on 2017-03-06
5615:
5585:
5574:from the original on 2011-03-01
5555:
5519:from the original on 2015-03-25
5505:
5494:from the original on 2017-03-04
5480:
5450:
5417:
5384:
5351:
5318:
5285:
5252:
5219:
5186:
5120:
5087:
5054:
5033:
5000:
4971:
4938:
4905:
4872:
4839:
4806:
4773:
4740:
4707:
4674:
4641:
4608:
4597:from the original on 2023-03-12
4579:
4546:
4535:from the original on 2023-03-12
4517:
4484:
4473:from the original on 2023-03-12
4455:
4422:
4411:from the original on 2023-03-12
4393:
4360:
4327:
4280:from the original on 2023-03-12
4248:from the original on 2023-03-12
4230:
4219:from the original on 2023-03-12
4201:
4190:from the original on 2023-03-12
4180:"new WebSocket(url, protocols)"
4172:
4161:from the original on 2023-03-12
4143:
4132:from the original on 2017-03-17
4113:
4102:from the original on 2021-12-09
4084:
4073:from the original on 2016-08-21
4055:
4044:from the original on 2016-04-27
4015:from the original on 2016-09-16
3969:RFC 6455 The WebSocket Protocol
3944:from the original on 2013-04-25
3914:from the original on 2021-07-28
3882:from the original on 2021-04-18
3836:RFC 6455 The WebSocket Protocol
3811:from the original on 2022-06-08
3782:from the original on 2023-03-12
3642:upgraded to support WebSocket.
3136:
1733:is 1005 (no code received) and
166:The WebSocket protocol enables
5488:"Chromium Web Platform Status"
4026:
3997:
3955:
3925:
3896:
3864:
3831:"Relationship to TCP and HTTP"
3822:
3793:
3764:
3677:header, solving this problem.
2830:all frames sent to the server.
1780:Connection closed due to error
1686:: reason for closing (string).
240:(WebSocket Secure) as two new
1:
6146:Web Application Security Blog
3757:
3574:Internet Information Services
2784:= This is the payload length.
2668:1 = final frame of a message.
2023:to transfer application data.
837:"Sec-WebSocket-Key"
537:"Connection closed"
396:"Connection opened"
109:Transmission Control Protocol
6201:Willy Tarreau (2010-07-06).
2892:
2730:
2371:HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk=
2060:) and the server returns an
2017:) to establish a connection.
1712:: the payload data contains
7:
8272:Application layer protocols
6231:Ian Fette (June 13, 2011).
5393:Reserved Status Code Ranges
3680:
2389:and the last line is empty.
2214:application-level protocols
1995:
1945:Opening handshake succeeded
1824:object). May be changed to
1564:Opening handshake succeeded
242:uniform resource identifier
142:WebSocket is distinct from
10:
8318:
6558:
3776:websockets.spec.whatwg.org
3606:cross-site request forgery
3562:of WebSocket applications.
3217:Reserved for future usage
3172:
2876:
2856:Payload length (in bytes)
2520:are intended to prevent a
2385:In HTTP each line ends in
2208:The request may contain a
2112:Yes (for browser clients)
1325:
259:
8182:
8134:
8098:
8075:
8002:
7934:
7925:
7863:
7854:
7794:
7721:
7629:
7559:
7550:
7487:
7411:Internet Explorer for Mac
7318:
7214:
7155:
7031:
6977:
6973:
6962:
6903:
6859:
6825:
6743:
6691:
6578:
6568:
6564:
6553:
6495:
6428:
6402:
6398:
6377:
6254:February 1, 2016, at the
5867:. Microsoft. 2012-03-19.
5515:. Microsoft. 2012-09-28.
3294:
3237:
3210:
3175:
3116:
3086:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3050:A Close frame is sent to
3031:
3013:
3009:Application binary data.
2997:
2994:
2978:
2969:
2928:
2883:
2855:
2849:
2818:
2815:
2796:= The following 64 bits (
2770:
2740:
2720:
2709:
2698:
2687:
2681:
2658:
2642:
2224:Sec-WebSocket-Extensions
2218:
2177:
2124:
2098:
1928:Waiting opening handshake
1912:
1836:
1539:
1437:
1374:with a WebSocket server.
462:"Data received"
80:
70:
60:
50:
36:
24:
16:Computer network protocol
6323:specification of the API
6321:Candidate Recommendation
6313:specification of the API
5228:Client-to-Server Masking
4122:"The WebSocket protocol"
3734:
3650:Transport Layer Security
2956:{\displaystyle 2^{63}-1}
2841:
2761:client-to-server masking
2391:
2329:
2295:x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==
2244:
1987:TCP connection is closed
639:
318:
3723:Internet protocol suite
3596:Security considerations
3287:TLS handshake failure.
3276:Internal server error.
3147:Allowed in Close frame
2870:Depends on the opcode.
2205:Sec-WebSocket-Protocol
2146:-encode(16-byte random
1380:: A string containing:
101:communications protocol
6292:The WebSocket protocol
6286:The WebSocket protocol
6033:"Changelog Apache 2.4"
5513:"WebSockets (Windows)"
4914:Client requirement 10.
4151:"Interface definition"
3639:HTTP upgrade mechanism
3546:Server implementations
2957:
2374:Sec-WebSocket-Protocol
2298:Sec-WebSocket-Protocol
2130:Sec-WebSocket-Version
1429:Sec-WebSocket-Protocol
906:Sec-WebSocket-Accept:
170:interaction between a
37:International standard
5782:developer.mozilla.org
5728:developer.mozilla.org
5654:"Regarding WebSocket"
4848:Client requirement 5.
4782:Client requirement 6.
4716:Client requirement 7.
4683:Client requirement 9.
4650:Client requirement 8.
4209:"close(code, reason)"
3772:"WebSockets Standard"
3173:1000–2999 (Protocol)
3059:TCP closing handshake
3055:the closing handshake
2958:
2546:(text or binary) and
2307:Sec-WebSocket-Version
2167:(Sec-WebSocket-Key +
2160:Sec-WebSocket-Accept
1660:TCP connection closed
321:<!DOCTYPE html>
8282:Internet terminology
7396:IBM Home Page Reader
6068:. 28 November 2012.
5832:"Chromium bug 64470"
5426:Defined Status Codes
2934:
2909:Max. payload length
2834:server must not mask
2567:unfragmented message
2518:Sec-WebSocket-Accept
2365:Sec-WebSocket-Accept
2210:comma-separated list
2040:The client sends an
1837:Read-only attribute
1770:ws.addEventListener(
1649:ws.addEventListener(
1593:, (event) => {})
1589:ws.addEventListener(
1554:ws.addEventListener(
1485:WebSocket.CONNECTING
333:// Connect to server
105:simultaneous two-way
6233:"Sec-WebSocket-Key"
5944:"Welcome to nginx!"
5865:IE Engineering Team
5704:on 31 December 2015
5429:. sec. 7.4.1.
5396:. sec. 7.4.2.
5363:. sec. 5.5.3.
5330:. sec. 5.5.2.
5297:. sec. 5.5.1.
4558:. sec. 7.1.3.
4431:Client Requirements
4372:. sec. 7.1.6.
4339:. sec. 7.1.5.
4306:. sec. 7.1.4.
3801:"The WebSocket API"
3578:Windows Server 2012
2538:Frame-based message
2463:# Protocol constant
2344:Switching Protocols
2079:
2072:Switching Protocols
1774:, (event) => {})
1754:is an empty string.
1737:is an empty string.
1653:, (event) => {})
1558:, (event) => {})
1339:
903:Connection: Upgrade
178:application) and a
161:HTTP Upgrade header
131:and a successor to
21:
7830:Application server
6332:2018-09-16 at the
6305:2015-06-07 at the
5778:"WebSockets - MDN"
3708:Server-sent events
3602:same-origin policy
3568:Apache HTTP Server
3357:Internet Explorer
3225:No code received.
2953:
2586:fragmented message
2327:Example response:
2322:http://example.com
2268:server.example.com
2140:Sec-WebSocket-Key
2077:
1766:= (event) => {}
1645:= (event) => {}
1584:= (event) => {}
1550:= (event) => {}
1516:InvalidAccessError
1337:
957:"""
900:Upgrade: websocket
891:"""
254:URI generic syntax
200:Adobe Flash Player
19:
8302:2011 in computing
8259:
8258:
8178:
8177:
8155:Browser extension
8130:
8129:
7850:
7849:
7786:Phusion Passenger
7510:
7509:
7483:
7482:
7479:
7478:
7166:Internet Explorer
6958:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6739:
6738:
6549:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6317:The WebSocket API
6300:The WebSocket API
5697:978-1-4302-4740-1
5628:Hacks.Mozilla.org
5593:"Web Sockets API"
5264:. sec. 1.4.
5261:Closing Handshake
5231:. sec. 5.3.
5198:. sec. 5.1.
5012:. sec. 5.4.
4950:. sec. 1.2.
4947:Protocol Overview
4620:. sec. 1.3.
4617:Opening Handshake
3843:. sec. 1.7.
3675:Sec-WebSocket-Key
3671:Content-Length: 8
3543:
3542:
3395:February 4, 2010
3327:Internet Explorer
3314:
3313:
3260:Message too big.
3252:Policy violated.
3134:
3133:
2995:Application data
2874:
2873:
2867:Application data
2532:Sec-WebSocket-Key
2514:Sec-WebSocket-Key
2289:Sec-WebSocket-Key
2240:
2239:
2036:Opening handshake
2028:Closing handshake
2006:Opening handshake
1993:
1992:
1965:closing handshake
1505:closing handshake
1477:InvalidStateError
1372:opening handshake
879:# Format response
219:Internet Explorer
133:The WebSocket API
94:
93:
8309:
8224:Web API security
8146:Remote scripting
8116:Web SQL Database
7932:
7931:
7861:
7860:
7557:
7556:
7537:
7530:
7523:
7514:
7513:
6975:
6974:
6964:
6963:
6576:
6575:
6566:
6565:
6555:
6554:
6400:
6399:
6379:
6378:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6341:
6340:
6258:
6250:
6248:
6246:
6241:. sec. 11.4
6228:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6168:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5980:. May 17, 2014.
5970:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5950:. Archived from
5940:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5930:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5886:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5700:. Archived from
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5660:. Archived from
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5603:on June 10, 2011
5599:. Archived from
5589:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5568:AppleInsider.com
5559:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5465:. Archived from
5454:
5448:
5447:
5438:
5436:10.17487/RFC6455
5421:
5415:
5414:
5405:
5403:10.17487/RFC6455
5388:
5382:
5381:
5372:
5370:10.17487/RFC6455
5355:
5349:
5348:
5339:
5337:10.17487/RFC6455
5322:
5316:
5315:
5306:
5304:10.17487/RFC6455
5289:
5283:
5282:
5273:
5271:10.17487/RFC6455
5256:
5250:
5249:
5240:
5238:10.17487/RFC6455
5223:
5217:
5216:
5207:
5205:10.17487/RFC6455
5190:
5184:
5183:
5174:
5172:10.17487/RFC6455
5157:
5151:
5150:
5141:
5139:10.17487/RFC6455
5124:
5118:
5117:
5108:
5106:10.17487/RFC6455
5096:RSV1, RSV2, RSV3
5091:
5085:
5084:
5075:
5073:10.17487/RFC6455
5058:
5052:
5051:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5021:
5019:10.17487/RFC6455
5004:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4990:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4959:
4957:10.17487/RFC6455
4942:
4936:
4935:
4926:
4924:10.17487/RFC6455
4909:
4903:
4902:
4893:
4891:10.17487/RFC6455
4876:
4870:
4869:
4860:
4858:10.17487/RFC6455
4843:
4837:
4836:
4827:
4825:10.17487/RFC6455
4810:
4804:
4803:
4794:
4792:10.17487/RFC6455
4777:
4771:
4770:
4761:
4759:10.17487/RFC6455
4749:Server step 5.4.
4744:
4738:
4737:
4728:
4726:10.17487/RFC6455
4711:
4705:
4704:
4695:
4693:10.17487/RFC6455
4678:
4672:
4671:
4662:
4660:10.17487/RFC6455
4645:
4639:
4638:
4629:
4627:10.17487/RFC6455
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4567:
4565:10.17487/RFC6455
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4505:
4503:10.17487/RFC6455
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4443:
4441:10.17487/RFC6455
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4381:
4379:10.17487/RFC6455
4364:
4358:
4357:
4348:
4346:10.17487/RFC6455
4331:
4325:
4324:
4315:
4313:10.17487/RFC6455
4298:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4126:Ietf Datatracker
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3985:
3983:10.17487/RFC6455
3964:"WebSocket URIs"
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3852:
3850:10.17487/RFC6455
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3768:
3751:
3748:
3676:
3672:
3660:
3655:
3385:Android Browser
3343:
3342:
3198:Protocol error.
3182:Normal closure.
3141:
3140:
3093:
3088:May be used for
3047:
3043:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2946:
2945:
2881:
2880:
2831:
2828:client must mask
2774:7, 7+16 or 7+64
2633:
2632:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2579:
2573:
2548:control messages
2533:
2519:
2515:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
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2360:
2357:
2354:
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2345:
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2336:
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2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
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2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2242:Example request:
2172:
2080:
2076:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1941:
1924:
1905:
1892:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1767:
1753:
1749:
1736:
1732:
1719:
1715:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1654:
1646:
1632:
1629:for binary (see
1628:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1585:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1551:
1532:
1524:
1517:
1513:
1498:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1449:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1402:Server hostname.
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1383:Scheme: must be
1379:
1365:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
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236:(WebSocket) and
235:
90:
89:
65:Computer science
29:
22:
18:
8317:
8316:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8297:Web development
8262:
8261:
8260:
8255:
8229:Web application
8174:
8126:
8094:
8071:
7998:
7921:
7846:
7790:
7717:
7696:JavaScript JSGI
7676:ASP.NET Handler
7659:Jakarta Servlet
7625:
7546:
7541:
7511:
7506:
7475:
7401:IBM WebExplorer
7314:
7210:
7151:
7027:
6969:
6950:
6899:
6855:
6821:
6735:
6687:
6560:
6541:
6491:
6424:
6394:
6373:
6368:
6334:Wayback Machine
6307:Wayback Machine
6267:
6262:
6261:
6256:Wayback Machine
6244:
6242:
6229:
6225:
6216:
6214:
6199:
6195:
6186:
6184:
6179:. C4Media Inc.
6169:
6165:
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6138:
6134:
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6114:
6113:
6109:
6100:
6098:
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6017:
6015:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5987:
5985:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5957:
5955:
5954:on 17 July 2012
5942:
5941:
5937:
5928:
5926:
5917:
5916:
5912:
5903:
5901:
5894:trac.webkit.org
5888:
5887:
5883:
5874:
5872:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5845:
5843:
5836:code.google.com
5830:
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5825:
5816:
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5805:
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4988:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4881:Server step 5.2
4878:
4877:
4873:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4815:Server step 5.3
4812:
4811:
4807:
4779:
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4708:
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4135:
4133:
4118:
4114:
4105:
4103:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4076:
4074:
4067:krijnhoetmer.nl
4061:
4060:
4056:
4047:
4045:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4018:
4016:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3976:. sec. 3.
3960:
3956:
3947:
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3930:
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3902:
3901:
3897:
3885:
3883:
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3783:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3703:Push technology
3683:
3674:
3670:
3667:reverse proxies
3658:
3653:
3623:
3621:Proxy traversal
3598:
3548:
3518:December, 2011
3460:April 22, 2011
3446:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3351:
3348:
3319:
3317:Browser support
3139:
3087:
3068:Protocol state
3045:
3041:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2906:
2879:
2853:Extension data
2845:
2844:
2825:
2807:is big-endian.
2803:
2771:Payload length
2758:
2674:
2648:(in bits)
2647:
2640:(in bits)
2639:
2631:
2629:Frame structure
2620:
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2608:
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2318:
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2309:
2306:
2304:chat, superchat
2303:
2300:
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2282:
2279:
2276:
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2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2180:
2168:
2157:
2101:
2085:
2067:status code 101
2038:
1998:
1985:The underlying
1976:
1968:
1952:
1935:
1918:
1900:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1853:
1840:
1829:
1825:
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1787:
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1747:
1734:
1730:
1717:
1713:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1658:The underlying
1648:
1640:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1553:
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1511:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:ArrayBufferView
1472:
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839:
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830:
827:
824:
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815:
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809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
765:# Parse request
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
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719:
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638:
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629:
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623:
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614:
611:
608:
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602:
599:
596:
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584:
581:
578:
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569:
566:
563:
560:
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554:
551:
548:
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536:
533:
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485:
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479:
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470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
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410:
407:
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401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
357:// Local server
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
262:
249:
237:
233:
85:
84:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8315:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8287:Network socket
8284:
8279:
8274:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8253:
8248:
8247:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8226:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8202:
8192:
8186:
8184:
8180:
8179:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8138:
8136:
8132:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8124:
8119:
8118:(formerly W3C)
8113:
8108:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8087:
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8079:
8073:
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8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8008:
8006:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7996:
7994:XMLHttpRequest
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7940:
7938:
7929:
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7920:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7892:
7887:
7886:
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7880:
7869:
7867:
7858:
7852:
7851:
7848:
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7845:
7844:
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7837:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7808:
7798:
7796:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7727:
7725:
7723:Apache modules
7719:
7718:
7716:
7715:
7714:
7713:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
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7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7635:
7633:
7627:
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7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7592:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7565:
7563:
7554:
7548:
7547:
7544:Web interfaces
7540:
7539:
7532:
7525:
7517:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7488:
7485:
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7403:
7398:
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7348:
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7338:
7333:
7328:
7322:
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7312:
7307:
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7297:
7292:
7287:
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7267:
7262:
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7242:
7237:
7232:
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7211:
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7183:
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7173:
7168:
7162:
7160:
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7139:
7134:
7129:
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7119:
7114:
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7015:
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6990:
6984:
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6900:
6898:
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6892:
6887:
6882:
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6872:
6866:
6864:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6832:
6830:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6807:
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6708:
6703:
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6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6625:
6623:Microsoft Edge
6620:
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6314:
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6266:
6265:External links
6263:
6260:
6259:
6223:
6193:
6163:
6132:
6107:
6082:
6066:Microsoft Docs
6053:
6024:
5995:
5965:
5935:
5910:
5881:
5852:
5838:. 2010-11-25.
5823:
5798:
5769:
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5529:
5504:
5479:
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5383:
5350:
5317:
5284:
5251:
5218:
5185:
5165:. p. 29.
5162:Payload length
5152:
5132:. p. 29.
5119:
5099:. p. 28.
5086:
5066:. p. 28.
5053:
5032:
4999:
4970:
4937:
4904:
4884:. p. 24.
4871:
4838:
4818:. p. 24.
4805:
4772:
4739:
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4673:
4640:
4607:
4578:
4545:
4516:
4496:. p. 20.
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3996:
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3876:help.adobe.com
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3713:XMLHttpRequest
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3698:Network socket
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3486:July 11, 2011
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3032:Control frame
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2175:
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2163:base64-encode(
2161:
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2024:
2018:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1973:
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1959:
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1856:bufferedAmount
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1834:
1833:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1777:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1746:was received:
1744:no Close frame
1739:
1738:
1722:
1721:
1702:
1701:
1690:event.wasClean
1687:
1681:
1656:
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1620:
1600:Data received.
1597:
1576:
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1519:
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1489:
1488:
1450:
1441:
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1433:
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1421:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1408:Optional path.
1406:
1403:
1400:
1366:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1327:
1324:
640:
637:
636:Server example
634:
319:
316:
315:Client example
313:
270:Michael Carter
261:
258:
215:Microsoft Edge
103:, providing a
99:is a computer
92:
91:
82:
78:
77:
72:
71:Connector type
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8292:Real-time web
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8252:
8251:Web framework
8249:
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8237:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8218:
8215:
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8213:
8212:Web standards
8210:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8196:
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8191:
8190:Microservices
8188:
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8009:
8007:
8005:
8001:
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7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
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7979:Web messaging
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7965:
7962:
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7498:
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7334:
7332:
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7303:
7301:
7298:
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7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7260:Nokia Symbian
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
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7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7112:PirateBrowser
7110:
7108:
7107:Mozilla suite
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
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7034:
7030:
7024:
7021:
7019:
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7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
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6983:
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6961:
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6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6858:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6824:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
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6770:
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6765:
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6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6742:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6588:Google Chrome
6586:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6556:
6552:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6430:Web standards
6427:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6365:
6360:
6358:
6353:
6351:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6327:WebSocket.org
6325:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6311:Working Draft
6308:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6257:
6253:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6227:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6197:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6167:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6136:
6121:
6117:
6111:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6057:
6042:
6038:
6037:Apache Lounge
6034:
6028:
6013:
6009:
6005:
5999:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5969:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5925:on 2012-08-05
5924:
5920:
5914:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5788:on 2012-05-26
5787:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5734:on 2012-05-26
5733:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5678:
5664:on 2010-12-15
5663:
5659:
5658:My Opera Blog
5655:
5648:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5618:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5558:
5544:on 2016-09-22
5543:
5539:
5533:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5493:
5489:
5483:
5469:on 2012-05-26
5468:
5464:
5460:
5453:
5445:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5428:
5427:
5420:
5412:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5387:
5379:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5354:
5346:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5321:
5313:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5288:
5280:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5222:
5214:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5181:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5148:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5123:
5115:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5090:
5082:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5057:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5036:
5028:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5009:Fragmentation
5003:
4996:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4966:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4941:
4933:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4908:
4900:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4875:
4867:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4842:
4834:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4809:
4801:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4776:
4768:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4743:
4735:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4677:
4669:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4644:
4636:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4611:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4574:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4549:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4520:
4512:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4487:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4450:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4425:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4388:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4322:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4297:
4295:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4101:
4097:
4096:Chromium Blog
4093:
4087:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3958:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3892:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3825:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3763:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3668:
3663:
3651:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3560:load balancer
3557:
3556:reverse proxy
3553:
3550:
3549:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3429:
3427:May 23, 2010
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:(PC, Mobile)
3379:
3374:
3372:(PC, Mobile)
3369:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3310:Private use.
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2991:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:Continuation
2912:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:Must be empty
2858:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:Fragmentation
2551:
2549:
2545:
2544:data messages
2535:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2511:
2390:
2328:
2243:
2233:
2232:Other headers
2230:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2078:HTTP headers
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:HTTP response
2059:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:Data messages
2019:
2016:
2015:HTTP response
2012:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1882:constructor.
1873:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1826:"arraybuffer"
1807:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1672:
1671:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1631:ws.binaryType
1621:
1615:
1614:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1529:), otherwise
1528:
1520:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1481:ws.readyState
1454:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1335:
864:":"
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
296:
292:
287:
285:
280:
275:
271:
267:
257:
255:
247:
243:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:Google Chrome
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
88:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
46:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
7973:
7865:Browser APIs
7806:Web resource
7620:
7471:WorldWideWeb
7186:MediaBrowser
7181:GreenBrowser
7062:Firefox Lite
6968:Discontinued
6536:
6420:Privacy mode
6371:Web browsers
6243:. Retrieved
6237:
6226:
6215:. Retrieved
6206:
6196:
6185:. Retrieved
6176:
6166:
6156:December 30,
6154:. Retrieved
6145:
6135:
6124:. Retrieved
6110:
6099:. Retrieved
6085:
6074:. Retrieved
6065:
6056:
6045:. Retrieved
6036:
6027:
6016:. Retrieved
6007:
5998:
5986:. Retrieved
5977:
5968:
5956:. Retrieved
5952:the original
5947:
5938:
5927:. Retrieved
5923:the original
5913:
5902:. Retrieved
5893:
5884:
5873:. Retrieved
5864:
5855:
5844:. Retrieved
5835:
5826:
5815:. Retrieved
5801:
5790:. Retrieved
5786:the original
5781:
5772:
5761:. Retrieved
5747:
5736:. Retrieved
5732:the original
5727:
5718:
5706:. Retrieved
5702:the original
5687:
5677:
5666:. Retrieved
5662:the original
5657:
5647:
5636:. Retrieved
5627:
5617:
5605:. Retrieved
5601:the original
5587:
5576:. Retrieved
5567:
5557:
5546:. Retrieved
5542:the original
5532:
5521:. Retrieved
5507:
5496:. Retrieved
5482:
5471:. Retrieved
5467:the original
5462:
5452:
5425:
5419:
5392:
5386:
5359:
5353:
5326:
5320:
5293:
5287:
5260:
5254:
5227:
5221:
5194:
5188:
5161:
5155:
5128:
5122:
5095:
5089:
5062:
5056:
5042:
5035:
5008:
5002:
4994:
4987:. Retrieved
4973:
4946:
4940:
4917:p. 18.
4913:
4907:
4880:
4874:
4851:p. 17.
4847:
4841:
4814:
4808:
4785:p. 18.
4781:
4775:
4752:p. 24.
4748:
4742:
4719:p. 18.
4715:
4709:
4686:p. 18.
4682:
4676:
4653:p. 18.
4649:
4643:
4616:
4610:
4599:. Retrieved
4590:
4581:
4554:
4548:
4537:. Retrieved
4528:
4519:
4492:
4486:
4475:. Retrieved
4466:
4457:
4430:
4424:
4413:. Retrieved
4404:
4401:"CONNECTING"
4395:
4368:
4362:
4335:
4329:
4302:
4282:. Retrieved
4273:
4250:. Retrieved
4241:
4232:
4221:. Retrieved
4212:
4203:
4192:. Retrieved
4183:
4174:
4163:. Retrieved
4154:
4145:
4134:. Retrieved
4125:
4115:
4104:. Retrieved
4095:
4086:
4075:. Retrieved
4066:
4057:
4046:. Retrieved
4038:lists.w3.org
4037:
4028:
4017:. Retrieved
4008:
3999:
3968:
3957:
3946:. Retrieved
3927:
3916:. Retrieved
3908:MDN Web Docs
3907:
3898:
3890:
3884:. Retrieved
3875:
3866:
3835:
3824:
3813:. Retrieved
3804:
3795:
3784:. Retrieved
3775:
3766:
3664:
3659:HTTP CONNECT
3654:HTTP CONNECT
3647:
3644:
3635:
3631:HTTP CONNECT
3624:
3599:
3331:
3320:
3155:Description
3151:
3137:Status codes
3054:
3051:
2905:Fragmentable
2898:Description
2891:
2859:
2833:
2827:
2819:Masking key
2793:
2787:
2781:
2688:
2651:Description
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2576:
2570:
2566:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2529:
2512:
2509:
2384:
2326:
2241:
2198:
2186:
2133:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2042:HTTP request
2041:
2039:
2026:
2020:
2011:HTTP request
2004:
1999:
1986:
1978:
1964:
1961:
1954:
1944:
1937:
1927:
1920:
1902:
1889:
1868:
1855:
1842:
1814:ws.onmessage
1802:
1779:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1752:event.reason
1743:
1735:event.reason
1726:
1718:event.reason
1709:
1703:
1684:event.reason
1670:containing:
1659:
1650:
1647:
1642:
1607:MessageEvent
1599:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1563:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1504:
1501:
1494:
1452:
1445:
1411:
1371:
1368:
1361:
1349:Description
1329:
1290:payload_size
1269:payload_size
1206:payload_size
1185:payload_size
717:""
299:
288:
263:
231:
204:
165:
141:
132:
124:
96:
95:
51:Developed by
8244:Progressive
8239:Single-page
8047:WebAssembly
8027:Geolocation
7984:Web storage
7890:C NPRuntime
7878:LiveConnect
7856:Client-side
7802:Web service
7731:mod_include
7686:Python ASGI
7681:Python WSGI
7631:Server APIs
7552:Server-side
7497:Comparisons
7456:ThunderHawk
7436:NetPositive
7376:Edge Legacy
7305:WebPositive
7270:Opera Coast
7132:Swiftweasel
6895:qutebrowser
6784:Tor Browser
6779:SlimBrowser
6580:Proprietary
6518:third-party
6470:Web storage
6465:WebAssembly
5988:November 3,
5463:Mozilla.org
3615:Cable Haunt
3447:(disabled)
3434:(disabled)
3425:May 6, 2010
3377:(Mac, iOS)
3354:Draft date
3092:measurement
3063:reason code
2970:Data frame
2884:Frame type
2183:Connection
1830:ArrayBuffer
1678:status code
1627:ArrayBuffer
1531:SyntaxError
1469:ArrayBuffer
1416:SyntaxError
1355:Constructor
1308:masking_key
1221:masking_key
1200:# bits 9-15
279:Ian Hickson
172:web browser
168:full-duplex
8266:Categories
8012:DOM events
7989:Web worker
7974:WebSockets
7835:comparison
7771:mod_python
7751:mod_parrot
7584:Encryption
7142:Timberwolf
7137:TenFourFox
7082:Kazehakase
7072:Ghostzilla
6941:Opera Mini
6875:DuckDuckGo
6764:GNU IceCat
6508:Encryption
6460:JavaScript
6415:Extensions
6217:2011-12-10
6187:2011-12-10
6126:2024-05-03
6101:2020-12-29
6076:2020-02-18
6047:2021-01-26
6018:2021-01-26
5958:3 February
5929:2012-08-03
5904:2011-12-10
5875:2012-07-23
5846:2011-12-10
5817:2011-07-28
5792:2011-12-10
5763:2011-12-10
5738:2011-12-10
5690:. Apress.
5668:2011-05-09
5638:2011-05-09
5597:BlackBerry
5578:2011-05-09
5548:2011-12-10
5523:2012-11-07
5498:2011-08-03
5473:2011-06-30
4601:2024-04-10
4539:2024-04-10
4477:2024-04-10
4415:2024-04-13
4284:2024-04-13
4252:2024-04-13
4223:2024-04-10
4194:2024-04-30
4165:2024-04-10
4136:2016-04-17
4106:2016-04-17
4077:2016-04-18
4048:2016-04-17
4019:2016-04-17
4009:www.w3.org
3948:2011-12-10
3918:2021-07-26
3886:2021-07-28
3815:2022-05-16
3805:www.w3.org
3786:2022-05-16
3758:References
3627:user agent
3367:(Android)
3325:12.10 and
3305:4000–4999
3292:3000–3999
3074:125 bytes
2809:Signedness
2805:Endianness
2621:opcode = 0
2609:opcode = 0
2597:opcode ≠ 0
2578:opcode ≠ 0
2356:Connection
2280:Connection
2094:Mandatory
1977:WebSocket.
1969:ws.close()
1953:WebSocket.
1936:WebSocket.
1921:CONNECTING
1919:WebSocket.
1903:readyState
1890:extensions
1810:event.data
1803:binaryType
1748:event.code
1731:event.code
1727:no payload
1714:event.code
1700:otherwise.
1680:(integer).
1674:event.code
1668:CloseEvent
1611:event.data
1418:is thrown.
1113:# bits 4-7
828:startswith
180:web server
174:(or other
125:WebSockets
8170:Scripting
8032:IndexedDB
7883:XPConnect
7842:Scripting
7766:mod_proxy
7711:container
7701:Perl PSGI
7691:Ruby Rack
7664:container
7621:WebSocket
7561:Protocols
7421:Line Mode
7245:Google TV
7201:SpaceTime
7196:NetCaptor
7191:NeoPlanet
7077:IceDragon
7052:Classilla
6885:Lunascape
6880:Konqueror
6841:GNOME Web
6810:SeaMonkey
6805:Pale Moon
6769:LibreWolf
6731:ungoogled
6726:Supermium
6537:WebSocket
6496:Protocols
6475:IndexedDB
6410:Bookmarks
6391:protocols
6388:standards
6177:Infoq.com
5948:nginx.org
4525:"CLOSING"
3124:Reserved
3100:heartbeat
3096:keepalive
3021:Reserved
2986:onmessage
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