55:
512:
essentially frame-dependent quantities. This prompted the abandonment of the concept as superfluous in the fundamental sciences such as physics and chemistry. Nonetheless, the concept remained important in the teaching of physics. The ambiguities introduced by relativity led, starting in the 1960s, to considerable debate in the teaching community as how to define weight for their students, choosing between a nominal definition of weight as the force due to gravity or an operational definition defined by the act of weighing.
1278:
526:
928:
707:
1143:, an object can have a significantly different weight than on Earth. The gravity on the surface of the Moon is only about one-sixth as strong as on the surface of the Earth. A one-kilogram mass is still a one-kilogram mass (as mass is an intrinsic property of the object) but the downward force due to gravity, and therefore its weight, is only one-sixth of what the object would have on Earth. So a man of mass 180
716:
886:. When the chosen frame is co-moving with the object in question then this definition precisely agrees with the operational definition. If the specified frame is the surface of the Earth, the weight according to the ISO and gravitational definitions differ only by the centrifugal effects due to the rotation of the Earth.
763:. However, being in free fall does not affect the weight according to the gravitational definition. Therefore, the operational definition is sometimes refined by requiring that the object be at rest. However, this raises the issue of defining "at rest" (usually being at rest with respect to the Earth is implied by using
1312:). Since the local force of gravity can vary by up to 0.5% at different locations, spring scales will measure slightly different weights for the same object (the same mass) at different locations. To standardize weights, scales are always calibrated to read the weight an object would have at a nominal
1342:
mechanism – a lever-balance. The standard masses are often referred to, non-technically, as "weights". Since any variations in gravity will act equally on the unknown and the known weights, a lever-balance will indicate the same value at any location on Earth. Therefore, balance "weights" are usually
983:
on matter: it measures how strongly the force of gravity pulls on that matter. However, in most practical everyday situations the word "weight" is used when, strictly, "mass" is meant. For example, most people would say that an object "weighs one kilogram", even though the kilogram is a unit of mass.
1890:
Considerable confusion exists in the use of the term "weight". In commercial and everyday use, the term "weight" nearly always means mass. In science and technology "weight" has primarily meant a force due to gravity. In scientific and technical work, the term "weight" should be replaced by the term
1347:
units, so the lever-balance measures mass by comparing the Earth's attraction on the unknown object and standard masses in the scale pans. In the absence of a gravitational field, away from planetary bodies (e.g. space), a lever-balance would not work, but on the Moon, for example, it would give the
447:
made significant advances in the concept of weight. He proposed a way to measure the difference between the weight of a moving object and an object at rest. Ultimately, he concluded weight was proportionate to the amount of matter of an object, not the speed of motion as supposed by the
Aristotelean
1351:
If the actual force of gravity on the object is needed, this can be calculated by multiplying the mass measured by the balance by the acceleration due to gravity – either standard gravity (for everyday work) or the precise local gravity (for precision work). Tables of the gravitational acceleration
754:
is the downward force on the body by the centre of earth and there is no acceleration in the body, there exists an opposite and equal force by the support on the body. Also it is equal to the force exerted by the body on its support because action and reaction have same numerical value and opposite
511:
put all observers, moving or accelerating, on the same footing. This led to an ambiguity as to what exactly is meant by the force of gravity and weight. A scale in an accelerating elevator cannot be distinguished from a scale in a gravitational field. Gravitational force and weight thereby became
475:
Newton considered time and space to be absolute. This allowed him to consider concepts as true position and true velocity. Newton also recognized that weight as measured by the action of weighing was affected by environmental factors such as buoyancy. He considered this a false weight induced by
405:
According to
Aristotle, weight was the direct cause of the falling motion of an object, the speed of the falling object was supposed to be directly proportionate to the weight of the object. As medieval scholars discovered that in practice the speed of a falling object increased with time, this
1348:
same reading as on Earth. Some balances are marked in weight units, but since the weights are calibrated at the factory for standard gravity, the balance will measure standard weight, i.e. what the object would weigh at standard gravity, not the actual local force of gravity on the object.
472:, while weight became identified with the force of gravity on an object and therefore dependent on the context of the object. In particular, Newton considered weight to be relative to another object causing the gravitational pull, e.g. the weight of the Earth towards the Sun.
1256:, regardless of whether this is due to being stationary in the presence of gravity, or, if the person is in motion, the result of any other forces acting on the body such as in the case of acceleration or deceleration of a lift, or centrifugal forces when turning sharply.
987:
The distinction between mass and weight is unimportant for many practical purposes because the strength of gravity does not vary too much on the surface of the Earth. In a uniform gravitational field, the gravitational force exerted on an object (its weight) is
1398:. The values in the table have not been de-rated for the centrifugal effect of planet rotation (and cloud-top wind speeds for the giant planets) and therefore, generally speaking, are similar to the actual gravity that would be experienced near the poles.
992:
to its mass. For example, object A weighs 10 times as much as object B, so therefore the mass of object A is 10 times greater than that of object B. This means that an object's mass can be measured indirectly by its weight, and so, for everyday purposes,
900:
In many real world situations the act of weighing may produce a result that differs from the ideal value provided by the definition used. This is usually referred to as the apparent weight of the object. A common example of this is the effect of
370:. In the teaching community, a considerable debate has existed for over half a century on how to define weight for their students. The current situation is that a multiple set of concepts co-exist and find use in their various contexts.
1324:
ft/s). However, this calibration is done at the factory. When the scale is moved to another location on Earth, the force of gravity will be different, causing a slight error. So to be highly accurate and legal for commerce,
355:. Although weight and mass are scientifically distinct quantities, the terms are often confused with each other in everyday use (e.g. comparing and converting force weight in pounds to mass in kilograms and vice versa).
1005:
measures mass indirectly by comparing the weight of the measured item to that of an object(s) of known mass. Since the measured item and the comparison mass are in virtually the same location, so experiencing the same
1174:
In commercial and everyday use, the term "weight" is usually used to mean mass, and the verb "to weigh" means "to determine the mass of" or "to have a mass of". Used in this sense, the proper SI unit is the
865:
When the reference frame is Earth, this quantity comprises not only the local gravitational force, but also the local centrifugal force due to the rotation of the Earth, a force which varies with latitude.
402:, who defined weight as: "the heaviness or lightness of one thing, compared to another, as measured by a balance." Operational balances (rather than definitions) had, however, been around much longer.
2062:
International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) – Vocabulaire international de métrologie – Concepts fondamentaux et généraux et termes associés (VIM)
390:, weight and levity represented the tendency to restore the natural order of the basic elements: air, earth, fire and water. He ascribed absolute weight to earth and absolute levity to fire.
913:
and mechanical suspension. When the gravitational definition of weight is used, the operational weight measured by an accelerating scale is often also referred to as the apparent weight.
1021:). These variations alter the relationship between weight and mass, and must be taken into account in high-precision weight measurements that are intended to indirectly measure mass.
282:
320:
force exerted on a body by mechanisms that counteract the effects of gravity: the weight is the quantity that is measured by, for example, a spring scale. Thus, in a state of
584:
The most common definition of weight found in introductory physics textbooks defines weight as the force exerted on a body by gravity. This is often expressed in the formula
767:). In the operational definition, the weight of an object at rest on the surface of the Earth is lessened by the effect of the centrifugal force from the Earth's rotation.
909:
the displacement of the fluid will cause an upward force on the object, making it appear lighter when weighed on a scale. The apparent weight may be similarly affected by
842:
487:
Although
Newtonian physics made a clear distinction between weight and mass, the term weight continued to be commonly used when people meant mass. This led the 3rd
231:
201:
87:
732:
indirectly measures mass, by comparing an object to references. On the Moon, an object would give the same reading, because the object and references would
1025:, which measure local weight, must be calibrated at the location at which the objects will be used to show this standard weight, to be legal for commerce.
951:, as weight is equal to the object's mass multiplied with the acceleration due to gravity): because these forces are equal, the object is in a state of
316:
acting on the object. Others define weight as a scalar quantity, the magnitude of the gravitational force. Yet others define it as the magnitude of the
351:. For example, an object with a mass of one kilogram has a weight of about 9.8 newtons on the surface of the Earth, and about one-sixth as much on the
728:
measures weight, by seeing how much the object pushes on a spring (inside the device). On the Moon, an object would give a lower reading. Right: A
642:
This resolution defines weight as a vector, since force is a vector quantity. However, some textbooks also take weight to be a scalar by defining:
2083:
1222:
is a non-SI unit of force, defined as the force exerted by a one-kilogram mass in standard Earth gravity (equal to 9.80665 newtons exactly). The
790:
International standard ISO 80000-4:2006, describing the basic physical quantities and units in mechanics as a part of the
International standard
1358:
is a term that is generally found in commerce or trade applications, and refers to the total weight of a product and its packaging. Conversely,
2323:
2124:
1028:
This table shows the variation of acceleration due to gravity (and hence the variation of weight) at various locations on the Earth's surface.
787:
499:: the weight of a body is the product of its mass and the acceleration due to gravity", thus distinguishing it from mass for official usage.
1603:
1191:, the pound can be either a unit of force or a unit of mass. Related units used in some distinct, separate subsystems of units include the
613:
488:
540:
398:, with the conflict between the two determining if an object sinks or floats. The first operational definition of weight was given by
1338:
on the other hand, compares the weight of an unknown object in one scale pan to the weight of standard masses in the other, using a
461:
305:
exerted on the object by other objects in its environment, although there is some variation and debate as to the exact definition.
443:
led to the resurgence of the
Platonic idea that like objects attract but in the context of heavenly bodies. In the 17th century,
406:
prompted a change to the concept of weight to maintain this cause-effect relationship. Weight was split into a "still weight" or
1897:
The use of the verb "to weigh" meaning "to determine the mass of", e.g., "I weighed this object and determined its mass to be 5
774:, which reduces the measured weight of an object when it is immersed in a fluid such as air or water. As a result, a floating
2200:
2147:
1835:
1810:
1758:
1390:
of the Sun, the Earth's moon, each of the planets in the solar system. The "surface" is taken to mean the cloud tops of the
536:
2258:"The NIST Guide for the use of the International System of Units, Section 8: Comments on Some Quantities and Their Units"
2343:
This value excludes the adjustment for centrifugal force due to Earth’s rotation and is therefore greater than the 9.806
968:
143:
132:
2016:
1915:
1230:
unit of force and is not a part of SI, while weights measured in the cgs unit of mass, the gram, remain a part of SI.
2167:
1866:
1785:
871:
In common parlance, the name "weight" continues to be used where "mass" is meant, but this practice is deprecated.
507:
In the 20th century, the
Newtonian concepts of absolute time and space were challenged by relativity. Einstein's
1132:
terms "atomic weight", "molecular weight", and "formula weight", can still be found rather than the preferred "
324:, the weight would be zero. In this sense of weight, terrestrial objects can be weightless: so if one ignores
2115:
1188:
1160:
989:
344:
1294:
464:
led to considerable further development of the concept of weight. Weight became fundamentally separate from
2216:
Galili, Igal (1993). "Weight and gravity: teachers' ambiguity and students' confusion about the concepts".
2058:
1128:
The historical use of "weight" for "mass" also persists in some scientific terminology – for example, the
247:
2024:
1977:
1937:
755:
direction. This can make a considerable difference, depending on the details; for example, an object in
606:
457:
240:
1362:
refers to the weight of the product alone, discounting the weight of its container or packaging; and
2060:
661:
The gravitational acceleration varies from place to place. Sometimes, it is simply taken to have a
440:
379:
17:
1692:
Igal Galili (2001). "Weight versus gravitational force: historical and educational perspectives".
1884:
The
National Standard of Canada, CAN/CSA-Z234.1-89 Canadian Metric Practice Guide, January 1989:
552:
39:
1858:
1852:
810:
1271:
1227:
952:
2315:
2190:
328:, one could say the legendary apple falling from the tree, on its way to meet the ground near
1739:
1290:
1010:, the effect of varying gravity does not affect the comparison or the resulting measurement.
508:
2316:"Common Conversion Factors, Approximate Conversions from U.S. Customary Measures to Metric"
2225:
2033:
1986:
1946:
1701:
1651:
1215:
ft/s when one pound-force is exerted on it, and is equivalent to about 32.2 pounds (mass).
910:
359:
207:
177:
8:
1642:
943:
acting on it. The magnitude of force that the table is pushing upward on the object (the
770:
The operational definition, as usually given, does not explicitly exclude the effects of
378:
Discussion of the concepts of heaviness (weight) and lightness (levity) date back to the
336:
313:
302:
2229:
2037:
1990:
1950:
1705:
1655:
1640:
Richard C. Morrison (1999). "Weight and gravity - the need for consistent definitions".
358:
Further complications in elucidating the various concepts of weight have to do with the
2077:
1750:
1717:
1377:
1334:
1018:
1002:
922:
883:
759:
exerts little if any force on its support, a situation that is commonly referred to as
632:: the weight of a body is the product of its mass and the acceleration due to gravity.
317:
154:
72:
54:
1394:(Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). For the Sun, the surface is taken to mean the
2196:
2163:
2143:
1862:
1831:
1806:
1781:
1775:
1754:
1595:
1558:
1245:
1199:. The poundal is defined as the force necessary to accelerate an object of one-pound
936:
429:
2257:
1721:
1017:
is not uniform but can vary by as much as 0.5% at different locations on Earth (see
2352:
2233:
2059:
Working Group 2 of the Joint
Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM/WG 2) (2008).
2041:
1994:
1954:
1709:
1659:
1434:
1313:
956:
764:
662:
309:
30:
This page is about the physical concept. In law, commerce, and in colloquial usage
2289:(44th ed.). Cleveland, US: Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. pp. 3480–3485.
2371:
1919:
1575:
1412:
1387:
1381:
1306:
1239:
895:
670:
548:
1460:
1265:
1219:
998:
760:
729:
725:
325:
1713:
468:. Mass was identified as a fundamental property of objects connected to their
2365:
2237:
1164:
947:
vector) is equal to the downward force of the object's weight (shown here as
791:
348:
98:
1391:
1371:
1326:
1168:
1144:
1022:
425:
329:
120:
1912:
386:
described weight as the natural tendency of objects to seek their kin. To
1594:
The phrase "quantity of the same nature" is a literal translation of the
1564:
1395:
1364:
1282:
1277:
1196:
1148:
1133:
294:
111:
1244:
The sensation of weight is caused by the force exerted by fluids in the
1569:
1139:
In a different gravitational field, for example, on the surface of the
1108:
391:
2100:
2045:
1958:
1663:
1129:
756:
387:
367:
363:
321:
2017:"The importance of weightlessness and tides in teaching gravitation"
1998:
1744:
Standardization of
Technical Terminology: Principles and Practice –
1159:
In most modern scientific work, physical quantities are measured in
1176:
1089:
994:
902:
771:
476:
imperfect measurement conditions, for which he introduced the term
433:
395:
1329:
must be re-calibrated at the location at which they will be used.
778:
or an object floating in water might be said to have zero weight.
637:
Resolution 2 of the 3rd
General Conference on Weights and Measures
2123:(NIST Special publication 330, 2019 ed.). Gaithersburg, MD:
1538:
1499:
1302:
1253:
1211:. The slug is defined as the amount of mass that accelerates at 1
1192:
1051:
1014:
1007:
980:
775:
469:
444:
382:. These were typically viewed as inherent properties of objects.
290:
93:
1001:) is an entirely acceptable way of measuring mass. Similarly, a
2162:
Chester, W. Mechanics. George Allen & Unwin. London. 1979.
1525:
1512:
1163:
units. The SI unit of weight is the same as that of force: the
1070:
972:
927:
706:
399:
742:
In the operational definition, the weight of an object is the
362:
according to which gravity is modeled as a consequence of the
1447:
1339:
1298:
940:
906:
868:
The effect of atmospheric buoyancy is excluded in the weight.
743:
383:
340:
2113:
715:
2265:
2069:
1602:. Although this is an authorized translation, VIM 3 of the
1486:
1473:
1344:
1223:
1140:
964:
465:
352:
35:
2179:
ISO 80000-4:2006, Quantities and units - Part 4: Mechanics
1777:
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: a Strategic Approach
1421:
1249:
2138:
Halliday, David; Resnick, Robert; Walker, Jearl (2007).
2068:(JCGM 200:2008) (in English and French) (3rd ed.).
1828:
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
1372:
Relative weights on the Earth and other celestial bodies
1289:
Weight is commonly measured using one of two methods. A
616:(CGPM) established this as their official definition of
2255:
1780:. San Francisco, US: Addison–Wesley. pp. 100–101.
1171:
as kg⋅m/s (kilograms times metres per second squared).
2137:
813:
412:, which remained constant, and the actual gravity or
250:
210:
180:
75:
1167:(N) – a derived unit which can also be expressed in
1935:Allen L. King (1963). "Weight and weightlessness".
1639:
1207:
ft/s, and is equivalent to about 1/32.2 of a pound-
967:are fundamentally different quantities: mass is an
746:measured by the operation of weighing it, which is
418:, which changed as the object fell. The concept of
2101:"Resolution of the 3rd meeting of the CGPM (1901)"
1773:
836:
276:
225:
195:
81:
2256:A. Thompson & B. N. Taylor (March 3, 2010) .
2142:. Vol. 1 (8th ed.). Wiley. p. 95.
1794:
2363:
2131:
2010:
2008:
1891:"mass" or "force", depending on the application.
1819:
1352:at different locations can be found on the web.
1248:, a three-dimensional set of tubes in the inner
1850:
1182:
491:(CGPM) of 1901 to officially declare "The word
301:of an object is a quantity associated with the
2324:National Institute of Standards and Technology
2114:David B. Newell; Eite Tiesinga, eds. (2019).
2005:
1934:
1800:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2215:
2014:
1974:
1826:Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W. (2008).
1825:
1604:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
1270:"Weigh" redirects here. For other uses, see
2082:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1801:Bauer, Wolfgang; Westfall, Gary D. (2011).
1740:"The weight of mass and the mess of weight"
1691:
935:resting on a surface and the corresponding
628:denotes a quantity of the same nature as a
579:
495:denotes a quantity of the same nature as a
419:
413:
407:
308:Some standard textbooks define weight as a
2218:International Journal of Science Education
2095:
2093:
1975:A. P. French (1995). "On weightlessness".
1694:International Journal of Science Education
1635:
1633:
1631:
1388:gravitational accelerations at the surface
882:The definition is dependent on the chosen
614:General Conference on Weights and Measures
489:General Conference on Weights and Measures
2244:
2195:. Stanley Thornes Ltd. pp. 174–176.
1970:
1968:
833:
691:
2284:
2192:Principles of mechanics and biomechanics
2188:
1880:
1878:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1276:
926:
551:by adding descriptive text and removing
59:A diagram explaining the mass and weight
2107:
2090:
1930:
1928:
1913:http://www.averyweigh-tronix.com/museum
1628:
1572: – Unit of weight the English unit
963:In modern scientific usage, weight and
657:of the gravitational force on the body.
14:
2364:
2117:The International System of Units (SI)
1965:
1805:. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 103.
1803:University Physics with Modern Physics
1368:is the weight of the packaging alone.
676:The force whose magnitude is equal to
260:
257:
254:
2299:
1875:
1844:
1767:
1733:
1731:
1670:
462:Newton's law of universal gravitation
1925:
650:of a body is equal to the magnitude
519:
277:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {MLT}}^{-2}}
1737:
1046:Percentage difference from equator
855:is local acceleration of free fall.
576:, not all of which are equivalent.
394:saw weight as a quality opposed to
24:
1742:. In Richard Alan Strehlow (ed.).
1728:
1386:The table below shows comparative
1252:. It is actually the sensation of
905:, when an object is immersed in a
889:
748:the force it exerts on its support
25:
2383:
2287:Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
1297:measures local weight, the local
1043:Absolute difference from equator
781:
2302:Physical and Mathematical Tables
979:that results from the action of
714:
705:
524:
53:
2337:
2308:
2293:
2285:Hodgeman, Charles, ed. (1961).
2278:
2209:
2182:
2173:
2156:
2052:
2015:Galili, I.; Lehavi, Y. (2003).
1857:. US: Addison–Wesley. pp.
1588:
1561: – Person's mass or weight
939:of just the object showing the
1906:
684:(which term is abbreviated to
572:Several definitions exist for
515:
27:Force on a mass due to gravity
13:
1:
1830:. US: Thompson. p. 106.
1621:
1189:United States customary units
680:newtons is also known as the
502:
345:International System of Units
1295:hydraulic or pneumatic scale
1259:
1233:
1183:Pound and other non-SI units
699:Measuring weight versus mass
602:the mass of the object, and
441:Copernican view of the world
7:
2025:American Journal of Physics
1978:American Journal of Physics
1938:American Journal of Physics
1774:Knight, Randall D. (2004).
1612:quantities of the same kind
1552:
1154:
424:was eventually replaced by
10:
2388:
1600:grandeur de la même nature
1375:
1285:, used for weighing trucks
1269:
1263:
1237:
959:acting on it sum to zero).
920:
893:
837:{\displaystyle F_{g}=mg\,}
607:gravitational acceleration
380:ancient Greek philosophers
373:
29:
2170:. Section 3.2 at page 83.
1714:10.1080/09500690110038585
1343:calibrated and marked in
451:
239:
164:
153:
142:
131:
118:
105:
92:
64:
52:
47:
2238:10.1080/0950069930150204
2072:. Note 3 to Section 1.2.
1851:Hewitt, Paul G. (2001).
1608:grandeurs de même nature
1581:
1305:on the object (strictly
1151:when visiting the Moon.
580:Gravitational definition
2262:Special Publication 811
2140:Fundamentals of Physics
1922:accessed 29 March 2013.
1606:recommends translating
916:
553:less pertinent examples
460:and the development of
458:Newton's laws of motion
40:Weight (disambiguation)
2300:Clark, John B (1964).
1286:
1272:Weigh (disambiguation)
975:, whereas weight is a
960:
880:
838:
692:Operational definition
659:
640:
420:
414:
408:
339:for weight is that of
278:
227:
197:
83:
1280:
1147:weighs only about 30
990:directly proportional
930:
839:
800:
644:
622:
509:equivalence principle
279:
228:
198:
84:
38:. For other uses see
955:(all the forces and
931:An object with mass
811:
794:, the definition of
484:defined by gravity.
456:The introduction of
360:theory of relativity
248:
226:{\displaystyle W=ma}
208:
196:{\displaystyle W=mg}
178:
73:
2230:1993IJSEd..15..149G
2038:2003AmJPh..71.1127G
1991:1995AmJPh..63..105F
1951:1962AmJPh..30..387K
1706:2001IJSEd..23.1073G
1656:1999PhTea..37...51M
1643:The Physics Teacher
1320:m/s (approx. 32.174
1015:gravitational field
1008:gravitational field
549:improve the article
480:as compared to the
337:unit of measurement
314:gravitational force
303:gravitational force
2304:. Oliver and Boyd.
1918:2013-02-28 at the
1854:Conceptual Physics
1753:. pp. 45–48.
1751:ASTM International
1465:1 (by definition)
1287:
961:
923:Mass versus weight
884:frame of reference
877:ISO 80000-4 (2006)
834:
669:, which gives the
332:, was weightless.
274:
223:
193:
122:SI base units
79:
34:may also refer to
2326:. 13 January 2010
2202:978-0-7487-3332-3
2189:Bell, F. (1998).
2149:978-0-470-04473-5
2046:10.1119/1.1607336
2032:(11): 1127–1135.
1959:10.1119/1.1942032
1837:978-0-495-11245-7
1812:978-0-07-336794-1
1760:978-0-8031-1183-7
1738:Gat, Uri (1988).
1559:Human body weight
1550:
1549:
1246:vestibular system
1126:
1125:
937:free body diagram
682:m kilogram weight
612:In 1901, the 3rd
570:
569:
448:view of physics.
432:, a precursor to
287:
286:
82:{\displaystyle W}
16:(Redirected from
2379:
2356:
2353:standard gravity
2350:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2253:
2242:
2241:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2171:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2073:
2067:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2021:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1932:
1923:
1910:
1904:
1901:kg," is correct.
1900:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1689:
1668:
1667:
1664:10.1119/1.880152
1637:
1615:
1592:
1401:
1400:
1323:
1319:
1314:standard gravity
1214:
1206:
1031:
1030:
878:
843:
841:
840:
835:
823:
822:
765:standard gravity
718:
709:
668:
638:
593:
565:
562:
556:
528:
527:
520:
439:The rise of the
423:
417:
411:
283:
281:
280:
275:
273:
272:
264:
263:
232:
230:
229:
224:
202:
200:
199:
194:
168:other quantities
166:Derivations from
123:
88:
86:
85:
80:
57:
45:
44:
21:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2329:
2327:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2298:
2294:
2283:
2279:
2270:
2268:
2254:
2245:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2136:
2132:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2019:
2013:
2006:
1999:10.1119/1.17990
1973:
1966:
1933:
1926:
1920:Wayback Machine
1911:
1907:
1898:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1736:
1729:
1690:
1671:
1638:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1576:Weight (object)
1555:
1415:
1413:Surface gravity
1408:
1384:
1382:Surface gravity
1378:Earth's gravity
1376:Main articles:
1374:
1321:
1317:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1242:
1240:Apparent weight
1236:
1212:
1204:
1185:
1157:
1019:Earth's gravity
925:
919:
898:
896:Apparent weight
892:
890:Apparent weight
879:
876:
818:
814:
812:
809:
808:
784:
740:
739:
738:
737:
736:become lighter.
721:
720:
719:
711:
710:
701:
700:
694:
671:standard weight
666:
655:
639:
636:
598:is the weight,
585:
582:
566:
560:
557:
546:
529:
525:
518:
505:
478:apparent weight
454:
376:
343:, which in the
265:
253:
252:
251:
249:
246:
245:
235:
209:
206:
205:
179:
176:
175:
169:
167:
121:
108:
74:
71:
70:
67:
60:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2358:
2357:
2336:
2307:
2292:
2277:
2243:
2224:(2): 149–162.
2208:
2201:
2181:
2172:
2155:
2148:
2130:
2106:
2089:
2051:
2004:
1985:(2): 105–106.
1964:
1924:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1874:
1867:
1843:
1836:
1818:
1811:
1793:
1786:
1766:
1759:
1727:
1669:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1409:Earth gravity
1405:
1373:
1370:
1266:Weighing scale
1264:Main article:
1261:
1258:
1235:
1232:
1220:kilogram-force
1184:
1181:
1156:
1153:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
999:weighing scale
921:Main article:
918:
915:
894:Main article:
891:
888:
874:
873:
872:
869:
866:
857:
856:
845:
832:
829:
826:
821:
817:
783:
782:ISO definition
780:
761:weightlessness
723:
722:
713:
712:
704:
703:
702:
698:
697:
696:
695:
693:
690:
663:standard value
653:
634:
581:
578:
568:
567:
532:
530:
523:
517:
514:
504:
501:
453:
450:
375:
372:
326:air resistance
312:quantity, the
285:
284:
271:
268:
262:
259:
256:
243:
237:
236:
234:
233:
222:
219:
216:
213:
203:
192:
189:
186:
183:
172:
170:
165:
162:
161:
158:
151:
150:
147:
140:
139:
136:
129:
128:
125:
116:
115:
109:
106:
103:
102:
96:
90:
89:
78:
68:
66:Common symbols
65:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2384:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2354:
2340:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2281:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2176:
2169:
2168:0-04-510059-4
2165:
2159:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2127:. p. 46.
2126:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2071:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2011:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1868:0-321-05202-1
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1787:0-8053-8960-1
1783:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1746:second volume
1745:
1741:
1734:
1732:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:giant planets
1389:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1327:spring scales
1315:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1169:SI base units
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:Spring scales
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
985:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
924:
914:
912:
908:
904:
897:
887:
885:
870:
867:
864:
863:
862:
861:
854:
850:
846:
830:
827:
824:
819:
815:
807:
806:
805:
804:
799:
798:is given as:
797:
793:
792:ISO/IEC 80000
789:
779:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
753:
749:
745:
735:
731:
730:balance scale
727:
717:
708:
689:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
664:
658:
656:
649:
643:
633:
631:
627:
621:
619:
615:
610:
608:
605:
601:
597:
592:
588:
577:
575:
564:
554:
550:
544:
542:
538:
533:This article
531:
522:
521:
513:
510:
500:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
449:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
422:
416:
410:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
371:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
269:
266:
244:
242:
238:
220:
217:
214:
211:
204:
190:
187:
184:
181:
174:
173:
171:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
100:
97:
95:
91:
76:
69:
63:
56:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2339:
2328:. Retrieved
2319:
2310:
2301:
2295:
2286:
2280:
2269:. Retrieved
2261:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2191:
2184:
2175:
2158:
2139:
2133:
2116:
2109:
2061:
2054:
2029:
2023:
1982:
1976:
1942:
1936:
1908:
1894:
1887:
1853:
1846:
1827:
1821:
1802:
1796:
1776:
1769:
1747:
1743:
1700:(10): 1073.
1697:
1693:
1647:
1641:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1590:
1385:
1363:
1359:
1356:Gross weight
1355:
1354:
1350:
1333:
1331:
1310:weight force
1307:
1291:spring scale
1288:
1243:
1217:
1208:
1200:
1186:
1173:
1158:
1149:pounds-force
1138:
1127:
1027:
1013:The Earth's
1012:
986:
976:
971:property of
962:
948:
944:
932:
899:
881:
859:
858:
852:
851:is mass and
848:
802:
801:
795:
785:
769:
751:
747:
741:
733:
726:spring scale
685:
681:
677:
675:
660:
651:
647:
645:
641:
629:
625:
623:
617:
611:
603:
599:
595:
590:
586:
583:
573:
571:
561:October 2023
558:
547:Please help
535:may contain
534:
506:
496:
492:
486:
481:
477:
474:
455:
438:
426:Jean Buridan
404:
377:
357:
347:(SI) is the
334:
330:Isaac Newton
307:
298:
288:
94:SI unit
31:
1565:Tare weight
1407:Multiple of
1396:photosphere
1365:tare weight
1283:weighbridge
1134:atomic mass
953:equilibrium
667:9.80665 m/s
646:The weight
516:Definitions
482:true weight
295:engineering
112:pound-force
107:Other units
2330:2013-09-03
2271:2010-05-22
1945:(5): 387.
1622:References
1360:net weight
1316:of 9.80665
1238:See also:
1109:North Pole
911:levitation
803:Definition
541:irrelevant
503:Relativity
392:Archimedes
2351:value of
2078:cite book
1650:(1): 51.
1260:Measuring
1234:Sensation
1075:33°52′ S
1037:Latitude
1034:Location
997:(using a
969:intrinsic
757:free fall
624:The word
537:excessive
388:Aristotle
368:spacetime
364:curvature
322:free fall
267:−
241:Dimension
155:Conserved
144:Intensive
133:Extensive
2366:Category
1916:Archived
1722:11110675
1553:See also
1308:apparent
1195:and the
1177:kilogram
1155:SI units
1136:", etc.
1130:chemical
1094:57°9′ N
1090:Aberdeen
995:weighing
903:buoyancy
875:—
772:buoyancy
750:. Since
724:Left: A
635:—
594:, where
543:examples
434:momentum
421:gravitas
415:gravitas
396:buoyancy
318:reaction
18:Weighing
2226:Bibcode
2103:. BIPM.
2034:Bibcode
1987:Bibcode
1947:Bibcode
1702:Bibcode
1652:Bibcode
1598:phrase
1539:Neptune
1500:Jupiter
1491:0.3895
1478:0.1655
1468:9.8226
1452:0.9032
1439:0.3770
1435:Mercury
1335:balance
1303:gravity
1254:g-force
1226:is the
1193:poundal
1119:0.0519
1116:9.8322
1100:0.0365
1097:9.8168
1081:0.0165
1078:9.7968
1062:0.0000
1059:9.7803
1052:Equator
1003:balance
981:gravity
957:moments
860:Remarks
786:In the
776:balloon
470:inertia
445:Galileo
430:impetus
374:History
291:science
32:weight
2372:Weight
2347:
2199:
2166:
2146:
1899:
1865:
1834:
1809:
1784:
1757:
1720:
1596:French
1570:weight
1546:11.28
1543:1.148
1530:0.917
1526:Uranus
1520:11.19
1517:1.139
1513:Saturn
1507:25.93
1504:2.640
1494:3.728
1481:1.625
1455:8.872
1442:3.703
1429:274.1
1426:27.90
1322:
1318:
1213:
1205:
1179:(kg).
1165:newton
1145:pounds
1122:0.53%
1113:90° N
1103:0.37%
1084:0.17%
1071:Sydney
973:matter
941:forces
847:where
796:weight
626:weight
618:weight
574:weight
493:weight
452:Newton
409:pondus
400:Euclid
349:newton
310:vector
299:weight
297:, the
127:kg⋅m⋅s
99:newton
48:Weight
2121:(PDF)
2066:(PDF)
2020:(PDF)
1895:5.7.4
1888:5.7.3
1718:S2CID
1582:Notes
1533:9.01
1461:Earth
1448:Venus
1404:Body
1340:lever
1299:force
1209:force
977:force
907:fluid
744:force
686:kg-wt
630:force
497:force
384:Plato
341:force
114:(lbf)
2320:NIST
2266:NIST
2197:ISBN
2164:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2125:NIST
2084:link
2070:BIPM
1863:ISBN
1832:ISBN
1807:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1487:Mars
1474:Moon
1416:m/s
1380:and
1345:mass
1224:dyne
1218:The
1203:at 1
1201:mass
1197:slug
1141:Moon
1040:m/s
965:mass
917:Mass
734:both
466:mass
353:Moon
335:The
293:and
36:mass
2349:m/s
2234:doi
2042:doi
1995:doi
1955:doi
1859:159
1710:doi
1660:doi
1610:as
1422:Sun
1301:of
1293:or
1250:ear
1228:cgs
1187:In
1065:0%
1056:0°
788:ISO
665:of
539:or
428:'s
366:of
289:In
138:Yes
119:In
101:(N)
2368::
2345:65
2322:.
2318:.
2264:.
2260:.
2246:^
2232:.
2222:15
2220:.
2092:^
2080:}}
2076:{{
2040:.
2030:71
2028:.
2022:.
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